高考英语的五种省略结构
高考英语的五种省略结构
下面是2007年福建省高考英语中的一道单选题：
Although _____ my opinion，the old professor did’t come up with his own.
A. against
B. on
C. for
D. in
此题答案选A。根据句首的although可知，前后两者意思相反，故填against。全句意为：虽然老教授不同意我的观点，但他也提不出自己的观点。句中的although against my opinion 为although he was against my opinion 之省略，为“连词＋省略结构”的一种。这类结构归纳起来主要有以下几种类型：
一、连词＋介词
While at college，Delia wrote a novel. 上大学时，迪莉娅写了一部小说。
Once in the examination hall，he forgot about all this. 一进考场，这一切他都忘了。
While in London，he studied the English labour movement. 在伦敦时他研究了英国的工人运动。
二、连词＋形容词
He acted as if certain of success. 他表现得对成功很有把握似的。
If possible，let me know beforehand. 如果可能，可在事前通知我。
Though exhausted，he stayed up late. 尽管疲惫不堪，他仍很晚才睡。
Whenever possible，the children play outside. 每当有可能，孩子们总在外边玩耍。
Avoid structures of this kind wherever possible. 只要可能，都要避免这种结构。
Her daughters were of some help，however small. 她的女儿们总能帮些忙，不管多小的忙。
三、连词＋现在分词
She trembled a little while doing so. 她这样做时稍稍颤抖了一下。
He tends to get carried away when watching wrestling on TV.
他一看电视中的摔跤节目就很兴奋。
They were surprised by her openness when talking about her private life.
她谈起私生活时非常坦率，他们都很吃惊。
注：以下两句中的before 不是连词，而是介词，其中的-ing 形式为动名词，而非现在分词。
Before giving evidence the witness had to take an oath. 证人作证前要先宣誓。
It would be unwise to buy the house before having it appraised.
买房子不事先估价是不明智的。
四、连词＋过去分词
He will come if asked. 他如被邀就会来。
When asked，she confirmed that she was going to retire. 有人问她时，她肯定了她将要退休。
While locked up in prison，she wrote her first novel. 她在狱中写出了她的第一部小说。
When taken according to the instructions，the drug has no side-effects.
若按说明服用，本药无任何副作用。
五、连词＋不定式
Smiling pleasantly，the stranger turned as if to speak to me.
那个陌生人面带愉悦的笑容，转身面向我，似乎想对我说话。
【温馨提示】
1. “连词＋省略结构”通常可视为一种紧缩的状语从句，即认为是省略了从句的主语（与主句主语一致）和主语后的动词be。如：
Look out for cars when （you are）crossing the street. 过街时注意车辆。
He acted as if （he was）certain of success. 他的举止就像一定会成功似的。
有时可视为省略了it is（其中的it 并非主句主语）。如：
If （it is）possible，please let me know by this evening. 如果可能的话，请在今晚以前告诉我。
Where （it is）necessary，improvements will be made. 哪儿需要，就在哪儿改进。
2. 并不是所有的状语从句都可以用以上办法来紧缩的，如原因从句就不能用这种办法来处理。
3. 与上面提到的省略结构相似且经常在高考中出现的还有if not...这一形式。如：
His pronunciation，if not good，is at least tolerable. 他的发音即使说不上好，也还过得去。
If not today，tomorrow I’m sure you’ll get an answer. 如果今天得不到回信，明天准能得到。
Usually，if not always，we write “cannot” as one word. 我们即使不总是如此，也通常是把cannot 作为一个词来写的。
This is one of the oldest buildings in town，if not the oldest.
这是城里最古老的房屋之一，如果不是最古老的话。
请看下面两道高考题：
1. We all know that, B , the situation will get worse. （2007全国卷Ⅰ）
A. not if dealt carefully with
B. if not carefully dealt with
C. if dealt not carefully with
D. not if carefully dealt with
2. Though he started late，Mr. Guo played the piano as well as, if A , Miss Liu. （2007陕西卷）
A. not better than
B. not better
C. no better than
D. no better
【小小考场】
1. When _____ the tunnel will be the longest in the world.
A. complete
B. completing
C. having completed
D. completed
2. Although _____ before the war，the engine is still in perfect order.
A. building
B. built
C. to be building
D. to have been built
3. Unless _____，this law will make life difficult for farmers.
A. to change
B. changing
C. changed
D. to be changed
4. Do not leave the building unless _____ to do so.
A. to instruct
B. instructed
C. being instructed
D. instructing
5. When _____ if he wanted anything else, he just shook his head.
A. asking
B. to ask
C. asked
D. to be asked
6. If _____ for this post, you will be informed within a week.
A. accepting
B. to accept
C. accepted
D. to be accepted
7. These working conditions are unhealthy，_____ extremely dangerous.
A. if so
B. if not
C. so if
D. not if
8. Her needs are just as important as yours，_____ so.
A. if not more
B. if more not
C. more not if
D. not if more
9. Where _____ necessary，improvements will be made.
A. they are
B. we are
C. are
D. 不填
10. She hurried out of the room，as if _____ angry.
A. was
B. it was
C. got
D. 不填
11. _____ paying by credit card，please pay in cash.
A. Unless
B. Until
C. Since
D. Before
12. Although _____ ten years ago，the house still looks new.
A. building
B. built
C. to build
D. having built
13. By 1977 things were beginning to improve，_____ quickly enough.
A. even if not
B. even not if
C. if not even
D. if even not
【参考答案】
1—5 DBCBC 6—10CBADD 11—13 ABA
高中英语省略句用法详解及练习
省略句 为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。 Ⅰ、状语从句中的省略用法 一、如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式 （am/is/are/was/were），可同时省略从句的主语和be动词的某种形式。 1、when，while引导的时间状语从句 e.g. Do be careful when (you are) crossing the street. When/While (I was) on my way to work, I met her. 2、if，unless，once引导的条件状语从句 e.g. If (it is) properly treated, waste will do no harm to the environment. I’ll not go to the party unless (I am) invited. Once (you are) caught stealing in a supermarket, you will be punished. 3、though，although，whether，no matter whether/what/how/who等引导的 让步状语从句 e.g. He was happy, though/although (he was) poor. Whether (she is) sick or well, she is always cheerful.
No matter how/However hard the task (is), we must fulfill it in time. （注：从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时，只省略从句中的be动词形式） 4、as if，as though引导的方式状语从句 e.g. He rubbed his eyes and yawned as if/though (he was) waking up after a long sleep. He stood up as if/though (he wanted) to leave.（as if/though + to do表示一个将来的动作） 二、than，as引导的比较状语从句中的省略用法：当不同的主语进行比较时， 一般省略从句中的谓语；当从句中的主语与谓语（be动词除外）和主句中的主语与谓语相同时，通常省略从句中的主语和谓语，只保留比较部分。 e.g. He is taller than his brother (is). I have as much as confidence in you as (I have confidence) in him. 三、以if从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法：通常省略了it is，that is， there is/are。 e.g. If (it is) possible/necessary, this old temple will be rebuilt. If (that is) so, I will call you back at 5:00 pm. There are only a few books in our school library, if (there are) any. Ⅱ、定语从句中的省略用法 关系词的省略关系代词that，which，whom等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后时，可以省略；in which或that在先行词way后作方式状语从句时可省略。 e.g. The man (that/who/whom) you visited last night is my grandpa. I don’t like the way (in which/that) you treat the girl. Ⅲ、虚拟语气中if及should的省略 1、当条件状语从句中有were，had，should等时省略if，把它们提至句首，形 成倒装句。 e.g. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students. = Were I a teacher, I would be strict with my students. 2、Suggest，insist，order，require等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后接的从句 中，谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。 e.g. The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose weight. Ⅳ、不定式符号to的省略 1、感官动词see，hear，feel，watch等和使役动词have，make，let等后接不定 式作宾语时，不定式省略to。(一感feel,二听hear, listen to, 三让have, let, make,四看see, look at, observe, watch) 2、do nothing but，can’t help but等结构常接省略to的不定式。 E.g. We didn’t do anything but stay at home watching TV yesterday. Hearing the news, sh e couldn’t help but cry. 3、在特定语境中为了避免重复，当不定式再次出现时，在want，wish，hope， try，plan，like，love，hate后往往只保留to，而省略后面的动词。但不定式后有be，have时，也保留be和have。 E.g. My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I didn’t want to. Ⅴ、So和not的替代性省略 用于避免重复前面所说过的内容，替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。
高考英语语法-省略
高考英语语法——省略 无论在口语中还是在书面语中,有时为了讲话简洁或行文方便,常常在不影响文意的情况下将句子中的某些成分略去,这种现象称为省略。纵观历年高考试题,"省略"在单项填空中频频出现。 简单句中的省略 1、省略主语祈使句中主语通常省略；其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。 (1) (I) Thank you for your help. (2) (I) See you tomorrow. (3) (It) Doesn’t matter. (4) (I) Beg your pardon. 2、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分 (1) (There is) No smoking . (2) (Is there) Anything wrong ? (3) (Will you) Have a smoke ? (4) What/How (do you think) about a cup of tea ? (5) Why (do you) not say hello to him ? 3、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to，但如果该宾语是动词be或完成时态，则须在之后加上be或have: (1) –Are you going there? --Yes, I’d like to (go there). (2) He didn’t give me the chance, though he had promised to (give me the chance). (3) –Are you an engineer? --No, but I want to be. (4) –He hasn’t finished the task yet. --Well, he ought to have. 4、省略表语 (1) –Are you thirsty? --Yes, I am (thirsty). (2) His brother isn’t lazy, nor is his sister (lazy). 5、同时省略几个成分 (1) Let’s meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday. (2) –-Have you finished your work ? ---(I have) Not (finished my work) yet. 1、主句中有一些成分被省略 (1) ( I’m ) Sorry to hear you are ill. (2) ( It’s a ) Pity that he missed such a good chance. 2、主句中有一些成分被省略 (1) –Is he coming back tonight? --I think so. (2) –She must be busy now? --If so, she can’t go with us. (3) –Is she feeling better today? --I’m afraid not. (4) –Do you think he will attend the meeting? --I guess not. 这种用法常见的有：How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so.及I suppose/believe/hope not. 两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。 (1) My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse. (2) I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school. (3) When summer comes, the day is getting longer and longer, and the night (is getting) shorter and shorter. 1、连词的that省略 (1) 宾语从句中常省略连词that，但也有不能省略的情况。
高考英语语法专项突破训练专题16-倒装句和省略句
专题十六倒装句和省略句重难点分析 一、倒装句 倒装句主要考查以下几个方面： ◆含有否定意味的词置于句首，用部分倒装； ◆“only+状语/状语从句”置于句首，用部分倒装； ◆so/such…that句型中，“so+形容词/副词”提前，用部分倒装； ◆表示方位的副词或介词短语放在句首，要用完全倒装。 1. 倒装句用法一览表：
2. 特别提示 (1) there be结构的倒装句型中，除了be动词之外，there后还可接lie, live, seem to be等。如：There lived an old man in the village long long ago. 很久很久以前，村子里住着一位老人。 (2) here, there, now, then, up, down, away, out等副词位于句首，主语为代词时不到装。如：Away it flew. 它飞走了。 (3) 直接引语的一部分或全部位于句首，主句倒装，主句倒装，但是主语为代词时不倒装。如：“You have to finish it tonight,” she said. “今晚你必须完成它，”她说。 (4) so位于句首不倒装的情况：
① 主语与前句相同，表赞同，译为“确实如此”。如： — Mike studies hard. 迈克学习很刻苦。 — So he does. 确实是。 ② 表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事，前句如果列举了两种事实以上，用“so it is/was with sb./sth.”回答。如： — Tom is kind and often helps those in trouble. 汤姆很友好，经常帮助处于困境中的人。 — So it is with his father. 他父亲也是。 (5) 使用as/though进行倒装时注意： ①句首有名词，名词不能带任何冠词。如：Child as he is, he can tell right from wrong. 尽管他是个孩子，却能够明辨是非。 ②句首是实义动词时，其他助动词则放在主语之后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，则宾语和状语随实义动词一起放在主语之前。如： Try hard as he will, he never seems to be able to do the work satisfactorily. 虽然他尽力了，但他的工作总做得不尽如人意。 (6) not until位于句首的倒装结构中，如果是复合句，只有主句用倒装，从句不用。如： Not until he loses his health will he give up smoking. 他直到失去健康才会戒烟。 二、省略句 高考命题导向：省略是一种避免重复，保持简洁的语法手段。缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分，但在一定语境中能够独立存在，意义明确，并且能发挥交际功能的句子叫作省略句。高考主要是考查省略在固定结构中的运用。 省略句用法一览表：
高考英语的五种省略结构
高考英语的五种省略结构 下面是2007年福建省高考英语中的一道单选题： Although _____ my opinion，the old professor did’t come up with his own. A. against B. on C. for D. in 此题答案选A。根据句首的although可知，前后两者意思相反，故填against。全句意为：虽然老教授不同意我的观点，但他也提不出自己的观点。句中的although against my opinion 为although he was against my opinion 之省略，为“连词＋省略结构”的一种。这类结构归纳起来主要有以下几种类型： 一、连词＋介词 While at college，Delia wrote a novel. 上大学时，迪莉娅写了一部小说。 Once in the examination hall，he forgot about all this. 一进考场，这一切他都忘了。 While in London，he studied the English labour movement. 在伦敦时他研究了英国的工人运动。 二、连词＋形容词 He acted as if certain of success. 他表现得对成功很有把握似的。 If possible，let me know beforehand. 如果可能，可在事前通知我。 Though exhausted，he stayed up late. 尽管疲惫不堪，他仍很晚才睡。 Whenever possible，the children play outside. 每当有可能，孩子们总在外边玩耍。 Avoid structures of this kind wherever possible. 只要可能，都要避免这种结构。 Her daughters were of some help，however small. 她的女儿们总能帮些忙，不管多小的忙。 三、连词＋现在分词 She trembled a little while doing so. 她这样做时稍稍颤抖了一下。 He tends to get carried away when watching wrestling on TV. 他一看电视中的摔跤节目就很兴奋。 They were surprised by her openness when talking about her private life. 她谈起私生活时非常坦率，他们都很吃惊。 注：以下两句中的before 不是连词，而是介词，其中的-ing 形式为动名词，而非现在分词。 Before giving evidence the witness had to take an oath. 证人作证前要先宣誓。 It would be unwise to buy the house before having it appraised. 买房子不事先估价是不明智的。 四、连词＋过去分词 He will come if asked. 他如被邀就会来。 When asked，she confirmed that she was going to retire. 有人问她时，她肯定了她将要退休。 While locked up in prison，she wrote her first novel. 她在狱中写出了她的第一部小说。 When taken according to the instructions，the drug has no side-effects. 若按说明服用，本药无任何副作用。 五、连词＋不定式 Smiling pleasantly，the stranger turned as if to speak to me. 那个陌生人面带愉悦的笑容，转身面向我，似乎想对我说话。 【温馨提示】
高中英语省略句讲练.
高中英语省略句讲练 为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不变的现象，称为省略（ellipsis） 种类例句说明 主语的省略 Beautiful day (= It is a beautiful day, isn’t it? Pity we live so far from the sea. (It is a pity we live so far from the sea. 有时也可省略整个句子的 主语和谓语，只保留次要 成分。 She was poor but (she was honest. --Did you know anything about the accident? --Not until you told me. (= I didn’t know anything about it until you told me. 谓语的省略 --what do you think made Mary so upset?
--Losing her new bicycle (made Mary so upset. 状语从句的省略Seen from the plane (when it is seen from the plane, the house looks like tiny toys. If (it is possible, I’ll go there with you. 注意状语从句中的主语同 主句主语的一致性。 不定式的省略 The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to. (not to ride his bicycle in the street. --Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday? --I was going to (come yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor. 若不定式后面是完成时， 省略时应保留have；不定 式后含有动词be的结构 时，也要保留be动词。 --Did you tell him the news? --I ought to have (told him the news, but I didn’t know how to speak. --Are you an engineer? --No, but I want to be.
高考英语最新省略句知识点技巧及练习题
高考英语最新省略句知识点技巧及练习题 一、选择题 1．Although not as such, those large-scale military exercises with America were partly aimed at scaring the North Korea. A．being advertised B．advertising C．having advertised D．advertised 2．—Those senior citizens cheated should have been warned of illegal fund-raising. —________. But few could resist the temptation. A．They were B．They should C．They must D．They did 3．Tom told the news to everybody in the classroom. Why didn’t you tell him _______? A．not to be done B．not do it C．not to D．do not to 4．The flowers he bought will die unless every day. A．watered B．watering C．being watered D．to water 5．Our bedroom ________ 8 metres across, if ________ in metres. A．is measured; measured B．is measured in; measuring C．measures; measured D．measures in; measuring 6．I decide I will not attend her birthday party ________. A．if inviting B．when inviting C．unless invited D．while invited 7．---Are you a teacher? ---No, but I ________. A．used to B．was used to C．used to be D．used to do 8．If _____ green, the door might look more beautiful. A．paint B．painted C．to paint D．painting 9．Mimosa, 15 cm in height, is a sensitive small plant, which will close when ______. A．touching B．touched C．is touched D．to be touched 10．Unless ________ to speak, most high school students here prefer remaining silent in class. A．invited B．inviting C．being invited D．having invited 11．It has been said that “happiness is like a butterfly, which, when _ _, is always beyond our grasp but which, if you will sit down quietly, may alight upon you．" A．pursuing B．pursued C．to pursue D．having pursued 12．Jerry has promised to keep the secret, so he won't tell anyone even though . A．asking to B．to be asked
高考英语语法倒装和省略
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在英语语言中，为了使语言简洁明了，重点突出或上下文紧密相连，可以省去某些句子成分而保持句子愿意不变，这种语言现象称之为省略。现就英语中的种种省略现象分析如下： 一、并列复合句中的省略 在并列句中后边的分句可以省略与前边分句中相同的成分。如： a) The boy picked up a coin in the road and (the boy ) handed it to a policeman. 这个男孩在马路上拾起一枚硬币并把他交给了警察。 b) Your advice made me happy but(your advice made) Tom angry .你的建议使我高兴但使汤姆生气。 c) Tom must have been playing basketball and Mary (must have been)doing her homework. 汤姆肯定一直在打篮球，玛丽一直在写作业。 d) Gao Xiumin was born in 1959 and Fu Biao (was born) in 1963.高秀敏出生于1959 年，傅彪出生于1963 年。 二、主从复合句中的省略 1．状语从句中的省略 一般说来省略现象多出现在下列五种状语从句中：由 when ,while ,as ,before, after , till, until, once 等引导的时间状语从句；由whether ,if , unless 等引导的条件状语从句；由though , although ,even if ,whatever 等引导的让步状语从句；由as ,than 等引导的比较状语从句；由as, as if , as though 等引导的方式状语从句。
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