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Quantum key distribution based on a Sagnac loop interferometer and polarization-insensitive

a r X i v :q u a n t -p h /0604187v 1 25 A p r 2006

Quantum key distribution based on a Sagnac loop interferometer and polarization-insensitive phase

modulators

Bing Qi,Lei-Lei Huang,Hoi-Kwong Lo,Li Qian

Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Control

Dep.of Physics and Dep.of Electrical and Computer Engineering

University of Toronto,Toronto,Canada M5S 3G4Email:bqi@physics.utoronto.ca,leilei.huang@utoronto.ca

hklo@comm.utoronto.ca,l.qian@utoronto.ca

Abstract —We present a design for a quantum key distribution (QKD)system in a Sagnac loop con?guration,employing a novel phase modulation scheme based on frequency shift,and demonstrate stable BB84QKD operation with high interference visibility and low quantum bit error rate (QBER).The phase modulation is achieved by sending two light pulses with a ?xed time delay (or a ?xed optical path delay)through a frequency shift element and by modulating the amount of frequency shift.The relative phase between two light pulses upon leaving the frequency-shift element is determined by both the time delay (or the optical path delay)and the frequency shift,and can therefore be controlled by varying the amount of frequency shift.To demonstrate its operation,we used an acousto-optic modulator (AOM)as the frequency-shift element,and vary the driving frequency of the AOM to encode phase information.The interference visibility for a 40km and a 10km ?ber loop is 96%and 99%,respectively,at single photon level.We ran BB84protocol in a 40-km Sagnac loop setup continuously for one hour and the measured QBER remained within the 2%～5%range.A further advantage of our scheme is that both phase and amplitude modulation can be achieved simultaneously by frequency and amplitude modulation of the AOM’s driving signal,allowing our QKD system the capability of implementing other protocols,such as the decoy-state QKD and the continuous-variable QKD.We also brie?y discuss a new type of Eavesdropping strategy (“phase-remapping”attack)in bidirectional QKD system.

I.I NTRODUCTION

One important practical application of quantum information is quantum key distribution (QKD),whose unconditional se-curity is based on the fundamental law of quantum mechanics [1-6].In principle,any eavesdropping attempt by a third party (Eve)will unavoidably introduce quantum bit errors,so,it’s possible for the legitimate users (Alice and Bob)to upper bound the amount of information acquired by the eavesdropper from some system parameters and the measured quantum bit error rate (QBER).Alice and Bob can then distill out a ?nal secure key by performing error correction and privacy ampli?cation.Because Alice and Bob can’t distinguish the intrinsic QBER due to imperfections in a practical QKD system from the one induced by Eve,to guarantee the un-conditional security,they have to assume all errors originate from eavesdropping.Obviously,the QKD system with higher

intrinsic QBER will yield a lower secure key rate.As the QBER reaches some threshold,QKD is not unconditional secure anymore.

In a practical phase-coding QKD system,Alice and Bob achieve phase encoding/decoding with phase modulators (PM)and Mach Zehnder interferometers (MZI)[7-8].However,there are a few practical dif?culties if QKD is to be im-plemented over long distance through ?ber:namely,phase and polarization instabilities.In this case,the intrinsic QBER induced by the imperfect interference can be described as [2]

QBER =(1?V )/2(1)

where V is the interference visibility.

Although promising progresses have been achieved by using active feedback control to stabilize the interferometer [8],the “plug &play”auto-compensating QKD structure employing a Faraday mirror has demonstrated higher performance in practice [9].Like the “plug &play”system,the Sagnac loop also offers phase stability and polarization stability,as the two interfering signals travel through the same path,but its structure is in principle much simpler than the “plug &play”scheme [10-13].However,all reported Sagnac QKD systems employed polarization-sensitive phase modulators,requiring complicated polarization controls,which makes this scheme unattractive.For example,four polarization controllers were employed in [12],and the interference visibility for a 5km ?ber loop was only 87%.

In this paper,we present a design for an AOM-based polarization-insensitive phase modulation scheme together with a Sagnac QKD system,and demonstrate stable QKD operation over one hour without feedback control.Although this system is designed for the BB84protocol [1],with a few straightforward modi?cations,it can also be adapted to implement other protocols,such as the decoy state QKD [14-20]and the continuous variable QKD [21].

II.AOM-BASED PHASE MODULATOR AND BIDIRECTIONAL

S AGNAC QKD SYSTEM

As two light pulses with a?xed time delay pass though a frequency shift element,a relative phase shift is introduced between the two pulses,which is determined by the amount of frequency shift.So,by modulating the frequency shift,phase modulation can be achieved.This is the basics principle of our phase modulation scheme.

Fig.1a shows the basic structure of this novel phase mod-ulator,which consists of an acousto-optic modulator(AOM), followed by a?ber with length L.For the?rst-order diffracted light,the AOM will introduce a frequency shift equal to its driving frequency f(due to the Doppler effect).The phase of the diffracted light is also shifted by an amount ofφ(t),which is the phase of acoustic wave at the time of diffraction[22]. Assuming two light pulses,S1and S2,are in phase and are sent to the phase modulator at the same time from opposite directions as shown in Fig.1a.They will reach the AOM at different times with a time difference t2?t1=nL/C.Here n is effective index of?ber and C is the speed of light in vacuum.The phase difference between S1and S2after they go through the phase modulator will be

?φ=φ(t2)?φ(t1)=2πf(t2?t1)=2πnLf/C (2) Fig.1.a)A phase modulator with one frequency up-shifter;b)A phase modulator with a pair of frequency shifters.+:up-shifting AOM,-:down-shifting AOM,L:?ber with length L,D:AOM driver

By modulating AOM’s driving frequency f,the relative phase between S1and S2can be modulated.We remark that the frequency of light will be up-shifted by this phase modulator by an amount f.To remove this“side-effect”,we can add another frequency down shifter at the other end of the ?ber,as shown in Fig.1b.In Fig.1b,the two AOMs,which are driven by the same driver,will shift the frequency of light by the same amount but with different signs.So the net frequency shift will be zero.Since a down-shift AOM will shift the phase of the diffracted light by?φ(t),the resulting phase difference between S2and S1after they go through the phase modulator will be

?φ=φS

2?φS

=4πnLf/C(3)

Compared with the LiNbO3waveguide-based phase mod-ulator,the AOM-based phase modulator we proposed can be designed to be insensitive to the polarization state of the input light.This could dramatically simplify the design of many QKD systems.As shown in(2)and(3),the phase delay is determined by the acoustic frequency f,which can be controlled very precisely(1ppm frequency resolution is quite common).This implies that a high resolution phase modulation can be achieved with our design.As a comparison, the resolution of LiNbO3phase modulator is in the order of 1%.

We have proposed a Sagnac QKD system employing this novel phase modulator,as shown in Fig.2.To realize the BB84protocol,Alice randomly encodes the relative phase between the clockwise and counterclockwise light pulses with the AOM-based phase modulator PM1,while Bob randomly chooses his measurement basis with phase modulator PM2.In Alice’s side,two classical photo detectors(PD1,PD2)and two wavelength?lters(F1,F2)are introduced to counter Trojan horse attack.These photo detectors could also be used for synchronization purpose.

We remark the transmittance of AOM can also be modulated by modulating the amplitude of its driving signal,so,the same device can function as an amplitude modulator as well as a phase modulator.(We remark that the newly developed decoy-state QKD protocol[14-20],which improves the secure key generation rate of practical QKD system dramatically,can be easily realized in our proposed setup.In decoy-state QKD, Alice randomly adds decoy pulses,which are used for testing the communication channel,into the signal pulses for key distribution.The decoy pulses are identical to the signal pulses except for the average photon number.In the?rst experimental demonstration of the decoy QKD[20],we added an external AOM into a“plug&play”system to randomly modulate the amplitude of each laser pulse according to a random pro?le. Because the phase modulator we proposed can also function as an amplitude modulator,our proposed QKD system can implement decoy state protocol easily:Alice can achieve phase modulation by modulating the frequency of the AOM driving signal,at the same time,she can also modulate the intensity of each pulse by modulating the amplitude of the driving signal.) Fig. 2.Proposed QKD system:LD-pulsed laser diode;Cir-circulator; C-2x2coupler;PC-polarization controller;F1,F2-optical?lter;PD1,PD2-classical photo detector;PM1,PM2-AOM-based phase modulator(as shown in Fig.1b);SPD1,SPD2-Single Photon detector

We remark,by introducing asymmetrical attenuation in the ?ber loop(for example,?ber isolators)and replacing the SPDs with homodyne detector,continuous variable QKD[21] could be implemented with the proposed system:here,Alice can randomly modulates the amplitude quadrature and phase quadrature with PM1,while Bob chooses which quadrature to measure with PM2.

III.E XPERIMENTAL RESULTS WITH A SIMPLIFIED SYSTEM To demonstrate the feasibility of our design,we have per-formed experiments with a simpli?ed version of our proposed system shown in Fig.3.Here,only Alice holds a phase modu-lator,while Bob always chooses the same measurement basis. Strictly speaking,no genuine secret key can be distributed by this simpli?ed system,but it allows us to evaluate the performance of a fully developed system(as shown in Fig.2) in terms of stability and quantum bit error rate(QBER).In Fig.3,the cw output from a1550nm laser(L)is modulated by an amplitude modulator(AM)to generate500ps laser pulses. Each laser pulse is split into S1and S2at a symmetric?ber coupler,which go through a long?ber loop(L1+L2≈40km) in the clockwise and counterclockwise directions,respectively. The interference patterns at Ch1and Ch2are measured by two InGaAs single photon detectors(SPD,Id Quantique,id200), which work in gated mode.For a5ns gating window,the overall detection ef?ciency is～10%and the dark count prob-ability is5×10?5per gating window.A?ber-pigtailed AOM (Brimrose inc.)is placed inside the?ber loop asymmetrically (L1?L2≈700m).Due to this asymmetry,phase modulation between S1and S2can be achieved by modulating AOM’s driving frequency,similar to the phase modulator shown in Fig.1a.Because of the birefringence in the?ber loop,the polarization states of S1and S2could be different after they go through the?ber loop[23].This is compensated by a polarization controller(PC).The synchronization is achieved as follows:A pulse generator(PG),which is triggered by a function generator(FG1),drives the amplitude modulator (AM)to produce500ps laser pulses.FG1also triggers a delay generator(DG,Stanford research system,DG535),which in turn produces two gating signals for SPD1and SPD2,and one trigger signal for a data acquisition card(NI,PCI-6115). The AOM is driven by another function generator FG2,whose frequency is controlled by the data acquisition card.

Fig.3.Experimental setup:L-1550nm cw laser;AM-amplitude modulator; Att-attenuator;Cir-circulator;C-2x2coupler;PC-polarization controller;FG1, FG2-function generator;PG-Pulse generator;DG-Delay generator;SPD1, SPD2-Single Photon detector

We measured the interference visibility by scanning the frequency of FG2while recoding the outputs from the two SPDs.The average photon number per pulse(out from Alice’s side)was set to be0.8,which matched with signal photon level in a decoy state QKD system[19-20].The measured interference visibility for a40km and a10km?ber loop was 96%and99%respectively.

To run the BB84protocol,a random number?le(1Kbits) is preloaded to the buffer of the data acquisition card.This random?le contains a sequence of four discrete values cor-responding to the four phase values in the BB84protocol{0,π/2,π,3π/2}.Once triggered,the data acquisition card reads out a value from the random?le and sends it to FG2to encode Alice’s phase information.The data acquisition card also samples the outputs from SPDs(Bob’s measurement results) into its input buffer.In this preliminary setup,Bob always uses the same basis for his measurement.After transmitting100K bits,Alice and Bob can estimate the QBER by comparing the data contained in Alice’s random?le and Bob’s measurement results.We ran the system continuously for one hour without any adjustment,the QBER drifted slowly from2%to5%,as shown in Fig.4.In practice,to improve the long-term stability, simple recalibration process can be employed,as in other QKD systems.During this experiment,the pulse repetition rate was set to1KHz for easy

synchronization.

Fig.4.Measured QBER in one hour without any feedback control.The photon level is0.8photon/pulse(The error bars indicate the statistic?uctuation due to the?nite detection events)

For a typical AOM,its frequency modulation rate is in the range of1～10MHz,which is compatible with the operation rate of today’s QKD system.The ultimate operating rate of our phase modulation scheme was tested by running FG2in Frequency-Shift Keying mode:its frequency hopped between two values(corresponds to0orπphase delay)at100KHz rate.Note in this case,the equivalent phase-encoding rate was 200KHz.Here,strong,cw laser was input to the system, and interference signal from Ch1was detected with a photo detector.Fig.5shows the experimental result,where the sharp rising edge(～500ns)indicates a potential phase modulation rate of a few MHz could be achievable.

IV.D ISCUSSION AND C ONCLUSION

In a bidirectional QKD system,such as the“plug&play”system as well as the system we propose here,Alice allows signals to go in and out of her device,this opens a potential backdoor for Eve to launch various Trojan horse attacks.In our simpli?ed setup,where only one AOM is used in Alice’s side as a phase modulator,the frequency of the laser pulse

Fig.5.The experimental results at200KHz Phase modulation rate.The sharp rising edge(～500ns)indicates a potential phase modulation rate of a few MHz could be achievable.

output from Alice depends on the encoded phase information (due to the frequency shift induced by the AOM).This may leak additional information to Eve and a naive application of the unconditionally secure proof of BB84to our current experimental set-up is invalid.

In the standard BB84protocol,Alice encodes phase in-formation{0,π/2,π,3π/2}by modulating the AOM at frequency{f0,f0+?f,f0+2?f,f0+3?f}.From(2),the encoded phase depends on both the AOM’s driving frequency f and the?ber length difference?L.In principle,Eve can build up a device with different?ber length,breaks into the communication channel,and plays the“intercept and resend”attack.Suppose Eve uses her device to send laser pulses to Alice.Unaware that the pulses are from Eve,Alice will still shift the frequency of light by one of the values{f0,f0+?f, f0+2?f,f0+3?f}.By choosing a suitable?ber length difference,Eve can re-mapping the encoded phase from{0,π/2,π,3π/2}to{0,δ,2δ,3δ},whereδis under Eve’s control. In[24],we describe detail of this“phase-remapping attack”and proved that Eve can learn the full information of the?nal key at the cost of introducing a14.6%QBER.Note that this number is substantially lower than the proved secure bound of 18.9%for the standard BB84protocol[25].We remark that this loophole can be closed by employing the phase modulator shown in Fig.1b,which introduces no frequency shift(as the setup in Fig.2).

In conclusion,we propose a polarization-insensitive phase modulation scheme and a stable Sagnac QKD system em-ploying this https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0017766490.html,pared with previous Sagnac QKD schemes based on polarization-sensitive phase modulators,our proposed system demonstrated better performance over longer ?ber.Preliminary experimental results showed an interference visibility of96%(99%)for a40km(10km)?ber loop at single photon level.With this novel polarization-insensitive phase modulation scheme,we expect the performance of many practical QKD systems can be greatly improved.

A CKNOWLEDGMENT

Financial supports from NSERC,CRC Program,CFI,OIT, PREA,and CIPI are gratefully acknowledged.

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白日飞升←白日升天空手←白手自食其力←白手起家老人←白叟白昼←白天白净←白皙沧海桑田←白云苍狗碧眼儿←白种人白天←白昼利剑←白千般←百般百发百中←百步穿杨扶摇直上←百尺竿头有口难言←百辞莫辩矢无虚发←百发百中民生凋敝←百孔千疮合家←百口寥寥无几←百里挑一千了百当←百了千当鸭蛋虽密也有缝←百密一疏大惑不解←百思不解童言无忌←百无禁忌

带有近义词的成语大全

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獐头鼠目贼眉鼠眼羊贪狼狠天翻地覆改朝换代玉树琼枝玉润珠圆残花败柳珠光宝气卖官鬻爵天怒人怨背井离乡扶老携幼拖家带口颐指气使龙行虎步日新月异山珍海味山肴海错瓮牖绳枢轻描淡写千丝万缕千头万绪朝思暮想携云握雨雨散云收雨骤风狂暴风骤雨防微杜渐盲人瞎马兵强马壮人喊马嘶兔死狐悲鸟尽弓藏依红偎翠莺声燕语虎头蛇尾虎背熊腰摩肩接踵天光水色冰削雪融天高云淡登堂入室宽衣解带披头散发干柴烈火郎才女貌郎情妾意卧薪尝胆酒池肉林三宫六院三妻四妾鹤发童颜鸡皮鹤骨咬文嚼字仙风道骨得陇望蜀雕梁画栋心宽体胖海阔天空欺男霸女大刀阔斧山重水复山穷水尽单枪匹马拉帮结伙成群结队奇思妙想强词夺理巧取豪夺国泰民安攻城略地反璞归真伐毛洗髓只言片语三言两语品头论足长年累月人寿年丰三教九流真心实意剜肉补疮抛头露面沉鱼落雁闭月羞花打情骂俏嬉皮笑脸涤瑕荡垢洗心革面招降纳叛乐善好施感谢您的阅读，本文如对您有帮助，可下载编辑，谢谢

小学语文近义词、反义词汇总

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温与-温顺暴躁-急躁灌溉-浇灌淹没-沉没冲毁-冲垮灾害-灾难胜负-胜败气愤-生气告别-离别如果-假如准备-预备耀眼-刺眼光芒-光线美丽-漂亮洁白-雪白惊奇-惊异中央-中心宽阔-宽广矗立-耸立优美-美丽新颖-新奇庄严-庄重挣脱-摆脱常常-经常敏捷-灵敏摇晃-摇摆立刻-立即抵抗-反抗舒服-舒适笑容-笑脸茂盛-繁茂长处-优点诚实-老实注意-留意高兴-兴奋打碎-打坏用心-专心著名-有名准确-正确训练-练习容易-轻易糟蹋-糟践奇怪-稀奇掌握-把握犹如-如同徐徐-渐渐凝视-注视环游-周游模仿-模拟吓唬-恐吓疲倦-倦怠惬意-舒服兴趣-爱好痛快-愉快继承-继续赏给-赐给挚友-好友感触-感慨寻常-平常信俸-信仰宣布-公布相称-相当违背-违反惊讶-惊奇赠送-赠予充满-布满特殊-非凡海内-国内恬静-舒适寄居-借居恐惧-恐怕轻微-稍微仍旧-仍然清晰-清楚哀求-请求贵重-珍贵挺秀-挺拔抚摸-抚摩特别-特殊依赖-依靠纯熟-熟练幽静-清幽陌生-生疏安顿-安置

休戚与共的近义词

休戚与共的近义词休戚与共的同义词下为在实际语言应用场景中对应同义词语的应用范例和释义说明（同义词权威性及收录量行业领先）。 tong gan gong ku 1、同甘共苦示例：当你的级别足够高，不需要承担繁重的工作，而你依然主动承担的时候，你其实是在告诉每一个同事，你很有担当，并且跟他们同甘共苦。 xi xi xiang guan 2、息息相关示例：今晚，我将会告知美国民众针对利比亚问题美国在国际社会上所作的努力方面的最新消息。--我们已做了什么、我们计划做什么以及为什么利比亚问题和我们息息相关。 tong yang xiang guan 3、痛痒相关示例：爱与我的生活痛痒相关。 xiu qi xiang guan 4、休戚相关示例：他说：在以往，亚洲某个小国的一次金融危机不会连累世界其它地区。然而这次危机的蔓延方式给了我们这样的教训：如今各国经济都是休戚相关的。如今的经济全球化使得世界各国的经济都密切相关，所以泰国和韩国在1997年的经济问题会波及世界各地，影响了许多国家的经济。这段话里的习惯用语allinthesameboat，意思还是大家都同命运、共患难。 tong zhou gong ji 5、同舟共济示例：中国共产党人传承了为追求民族独立、民主自由和民生幸福，追求国家富强、实现国家统一而矢志不渝、斗志弥坚的辛亥革命精神，激励着海内外全体华

夏儿女自强不息、开拓进取、开放包容、同舟共济，实现了世纪梦想、开创了崭新局面。 luo jing xia shi 6、落井下石示例："当然,丰田存在一些问题,但我感觉它被落井下石,"日本丰田市一座生产Prius的车厂员工KazuoAkatsuka称. xue rou xiang lian 7、血肉相连示例：晚饭后不久，冬日的太阳下山之前，我忽然想到：一个真正意义的家庭并不总是自己血肉相连的骨肉，它是彼此间的心灵相通，心灵契合。 feng yu tong zhou 8、风雨同舟示例：那份不由自主的倾慕，那份无法遏制的思念，那份风雨同舟的深情，那份相濡以沫的挚爱，正是生命最深却的慰藉与最坚实的依靠。 yi mai xiang lian 9、一脉相连示例：腾龙电子聆听客户的一言一语，不论交易大小与否，我们亦珍惜每个销售的机会，我们坚信客户与我们的业务是一脉相连。 yu shi ju fen 10、玉石俱焚示例：但也不是所有的初创企业都成为成功的典范：景和安然承诺过要彻底改变其行业，结果却落了个玉石俱焚的下场。

含同义词的成语

含同义词的成语导读：导语：同义词是指几个意思相近或一样的词语。我们平时也有接触同义词的时候，下面小编给大家介绍含有同义词的成语知识，希望同学们喜欢~ 含有一对同义词的成语惊心动魄争奇斗艳生龙活虎添油加醋降龙伏虎争权夺利高楼大厦狂风暴雨满山遍野翻江倒海怪模怪样民脂民膏五颜六色千言万语无边无际一清二楚火烧火燎千变万化唉声叹气接二连胜星罗棋布翻云覆雨道听途说摩拳擦掌如花似玉慈眉善目争分夺秒地动山摇无忧无虑风驰电掣报仇雪恨酒囊饭袋咬文嚼字无依无靠山崩地裂海阔天空无精打采流言飞语谨言慎行赤手空拳日积月累添枝加叶品头论足心灵手巧口干舌燥心旷神怡难分难解感恩戴德欢蹦乱跳风平浪静千姿百态不声不响涂脂抹粉伤天害理大摇大摆颠三倒四捕风捉影添砖加瓦平心静气抓耳挠腮不偏不倚见多识广察言观色高瞻远瞩左顾右盼调兵遣将粉身碎骨狂风暴雨旁敲侧击改朝换代道听途说千辛万苦眼疾手快生龙活虎惊天动地七拼八凑胡言乱语

含有两对同义词的成语深思熟虑真凭实据灵丹妙药凶神恶煞街头巷议翻山越岭精雕细刻生拉硬扯琼楼玉宇层峦叠嶂心烦意乱崇山峻岭奇形怪状惊涛骇浪装模作样摇头晃脑文丛字顺改朝换代通风报信能说会道甜言蜜语分门别类追根究底虚情假意幸灾乐祸通情达理丰功伟绩歪门邪道生擒活捉离乡背井豪言壮语汪洋大海斩尽杀绝含有同义、反义词的成语摇头摆尾返老还童欢天喜地瞻前顾后同生共死惊天动地说长道短寻死觅活昏天黑地挑肥拣瘦开天辟地街头巷尾同甘共苦冷嘲热讽尔虞我诈横冲直撞左顾右盼新仇旧恨大街小巷东张西望阴差阳错左思右想天罗地网长吁短叹南腔北调明争暗斗东奔西跑手舞足蹈生离死别来踪去迹东躲西藏南征北战鬼使神差天崩地塌感谢您的阅读，本文如对您有帮助，可下载编辑，谢谢

语文近义词、反义词大全

近义词 1.两字近义词爱慕—喜爱安然—安稳解释—讲解遨游—游览奥秘—神秘决心—决定懊悔—后悔偶然—偶尔聚拢—聚集爱护—爱惜遨游—漫游机灵—机敏偶尔—间或安慰—宽慰纠正—改正安慰—抚慰报酬—酬劳巨大—庞大悲哀—悲伤崩塌—倒塌渴望—渴求必然—必定避免—幸免宽广—广阔必须—一定抱怨—埋怨慷慨—大方比美—媲美宝贵—珍贵可惜—惋惜悲哀—悲痛避开—躲开恐怖—恐惧悲惨—悲凉悲惨—凄惨愧疚—内疚报答—答谢碧绿—翠绿劳苦—劳累包括—包含本领—本事立即—马上帮助—援助半晌—半天灵便—灵活猜测—推测才干—才能浏览—扫瞄采用—采纳慈悲—慈善良好—优良慈祥—慈爱葱茏—葱郁连绵—绵延聪明—聪慧催促—督促凉爽—凉快诧异—惊异冷淡—冷漠颤动—抖动沉浸—沉醉灵活—灵敏惩罚—惩处迟延—拖延另外—其它耻笑—讥笑耻笑—嘲笑满意—中意憧憬—向往酬谢—答谢漫步—闲逛啜泣—抽泣创造—制造茂密—茂盛绰号—外号沉静—寂静

渺小—微小陈设—陈列沉思—深思描绘—描述从容—镇定弥漫—布满倘若—假如密切—紧密沉默—安静勉励—鼓励持续—延续颤抖—发抖觉察—发觉藐视—轻视灿烂—明媚传说—传闻泯灭—消灭慈祥—慈爱打扮—装扮摹仿—模仿打搅—打扰胆怯—害怕模范—榜样淡忘—忘却叮嘱—嘱咐萌芽—发芽陡崖—悬崖对付—应付传授—教授猛烈—强烈成功—胜利踌躇—犹豫朦胧—模糊沉积—淤积沉寂—沉静命令—指示对照—对比诞生—降生茂密—稠密忙碌—劳碌短暂—瞬间独特—特别迷蒙—迷茫打扰—打搅担心—放心马上—立刻陡峭—峻峭悲哀—悲伤遍布—遍及便捷—便利鸟瞰—俯视恩赐—赏赐飞驰—奔驰凝结—凝聚发布—公布发誓—宣誓凝视—注视发展—进展繁殖—生殖挪移—移动反抗—抵抗防御—防备难过—难受妨碍—阻碍分量—重量能手—专家分外—格外愤怒—愤慨偶尔—间或锋利—锐利服侍—侍侯便宜—廉价浮现—出现赋予—给予哺育—培育分辩—辩解富裕—宽裕判断—推断嘱咐—叮嘱发现—发觉批评—批判峰峦—山峰发愣—发呆僻静—偏僻覆盖—掩盖乏味—无聊疲倦—疲乏仿佛—好像

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比喻根据具体情况办事。看风使舵(kànfēngshǐduò) 看风向转发动舵柄。比喻看势头或看别人的眼色行事。看破红尘(kànpòhóngchén) 旧指看透人生，把生死哀乐都不放在心上的消极的生活态度。现也指受挫折后消极回避、无所作为的生活态度。看人眉眼(kànrénméiyǎn) 比喻看人脸色。看杀卫玠(kànshāwèijiè) 卫玠：晋人，字叔宝，风采极佳，为众人所仰慕。卫玠被人看死。比喻为群众所仰慕的人。看朱成碧(kànzhūchéngbì) 将红的看成绿的。形容眼睛发花，视觉模糊。冷眼静看(lěngyǎnjìngkàn) 形容从旁冷静而仔细地观察。另眼相看(lìngyǎnxiāngkàn) 用另一种眼光看待。指看待某个人不同一般。也指不被重视的人得到重视。雾里看花(wùlǐkànhuā) 原形容年老视力差，看东西模糊，后也比喻看事情不真切。下马看花(xiàmǎkànhuā) 比喻停下来，深入实际，认真调查研究。

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宽阔~宽广齐整~整齐小器~小气忌讳~避讳晦气~倒霉赶令~命令兴头~高兴横竖~反正精致~精美寂寞~孤独玲珑~精巧促狭~刁钻姊妹~姐妹反义词推却?答应惩罚?奖赏齐全?短缺疑惑?相信秘密?公开支援?攻击恶意?善意耻笑?尊重敞开?关闭光滑?粗糙酥软?僵硬炎热?寒冷欢喜?难过宽阔?狭窄顽劣?乖巧齐整?凌乱小器?大方精致?粗糙欢喜?悲伤第四单元近义词孤~独遥~远故人~友人年龄~年纪惊疑~惊奇神情~神态从容~沉着镇定~镇静柔和~温和担心~担忧居然~竟然由衷~衷心注视~凝视损失~亏损开设~开办慰问~安慰悲痛~悲哀眷恋~留恋繁忙~忙碌尊重~尊敬踌躇~迟疑清贫~贫寒朴素~简朴奢侈~奢华筹集~募集激怒~愤怒凶恶~凶狠威吓~恐吓企望~盼望搜寻~寻找失望~绝望惊异~惊奇保藏~保存情不自禁~不由自主

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千变万化前因后果千山万水东倒西歪南征北战含近义词词语大全(二) 安魂定魄：魂、魄：人的.灵气、精神。指使人心安定。卑身贱体：①谓俭约勤苦。②弯腰俯首，屈从奉迎。察颜观色：观察别人的脸色，以揣摩其心意。赤身裸体：赤：光着。大部分身体或全身裸露。道尽途穷：道、途：路。走到路的尽头。形容无路可走，面临末日。丢魂失魄：形容非常惊慌，没头脑，无主见。斗怪争奇：指以奇怪取胜。：含近义词的成语端本正源：端：端正，清理。本：根本。源：根源。指从根本上加以整顿清理。关门闭户：门户都关闭起来。形容冷清寥落。喊冤叫屈：为遭受冤屈而喊叫。呼朋唤友：指招引意气相投的人。秽言污语：指粗俗下流、不堪入耳的话。积年累岁：指经过的时间长。同“积年累月”。家家户户：每家每户。指所有的人家。街号巷哭：号哭于大街小巷。形容悲痛至极。街谈巷说：大街小巷里人们的议论。指民间的舆论。同“街谈巷议”。

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同义词库暗无天日=天昏地暗暗笑=窃笑暗影=阴影暗语=切口=黑暗暗中肮脏=邋遢昂首=抬头昂首望天=傲睨一世昂扬=高昂凹地=洼地凹凸=高低熬煎=折磨熬炼=锻炼翱翔=飞翔傲岸=高傲傲慢=狂妄傲睨=渺视傲睨万物=傲世轻物傲睨一世=傲睨万物傲世轻物=傲睨万物傲视=睥睨傲雪欺霜=坚贞不屈傲卒多败=骄兵必败傲卒多降=骄兵必败奥秘=秘密=秘密奥密奥妙=玄妙懊悔=悔恨懊恼=烦恼懊丧=悔恨八百壮士=四行孤军才高八斗八斗之才= 八方受敌=四面楚歌八竿子打不着=八棍子撂不着八股=陈腔滥调八怪七喇=稀奇古怪八棍子撂不着=八竿子打不着八两半斤=不相上下八门五花=五花八门八面见光=八面玲珑八面玲珑=八面见光八面受敌=四面楚歌八面威风=气势汹汹八字帖=发草帖巴结=逢迎巴望=渴望扒手=翦绺=废除拔除拔锚=起锚拔苗助长=适得其反拔取=选取拔擢=扶植跋扈=猖进退失据跋前疐后= 跋前踬后=动辄得咎跋文=后记把臂而谈=促膝谈心把柄=痛处把持=操纵把脉=切脉把守=看管把玩簸弄=戏弄把稳=当心把握=驾驭把戏=花招罢工=歇工罢了=而已罢免=撤职罢手=歇手=放手罢休霸道=蛮横霸术=机谋霸占=攻克白痴=呆子白搭=白费鹤发白发= 白发苍颜=皓首苍颜白发银须=庞眉皓发白费=白搭白费心血=枉费心机白话=口语白驹过隙=光

阴似箭白腊=石蜡白蜡=洋蜡白日=白天白日飞升=白日升天白日升天=白日飞升白手=空手白手起家=自食其力白叟=老人白天=白昼=白净白皙白云苍狗=沧海桑田白种人=碧眼儿白昼=白天白=利剑百般=千般百步穿杨=百发百中百尺竿头=扶摇直上百辞莫辩=有口难言百发百中=矢无虚发百孔千疮=民生凋敝百口=合家百里挑一=寥寥无几百了千当=千了百当百密一疏=鸭蛋虽密也有缝百思不解=大惑不解百无禁忌=童言无忌百姓=黎民百依百顺=视为心腹百战百胜=势如破竹百折不回=一往直前百折不挠=百折不回=左右摆布摆荡=动摇摆架子=搭架子摆列=排列摆设=部署摆脱=开脱腐败败北= 败坏=松弛败尽家业=倾家荡产败类=莠民败露=败事败事=败露败兴=没趣败行=劣行拜把兄弟=换帖兄弟拜别=离别拜访=造访拜鬼求神=求神拜鬼拜候=访问拜见=参见拜年=贺年拜托=托付=访候拜望拜谒=拜望扳缠不清=纠缠不清扳话=攀谈扳连=连累扳谈=交谈布鼓雷门班门弄斧= 班师=凯旅般游=盘游颁布=颁发颁布发表=宣布颁发=发表斑白=花白斑点=雀斑斑斓=美丽斑纹=花纹搬场=搬家搬动=挪动转移搬家=搬迁搬弄=挑衅搬弄是非=挑拨离间搬迁=搬家=木屋板屋板滞=呆滞版图=邦畿办法=措施

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睥睨=傲视坚贞不屈=傲雪欺霜骄兵必败=傲卒多败骄兵必败=傲卒多降秘密=奥秘秘密=奥密玄妙=奥妙悔恨=懊悔烦恼=懊恼悔恨=懊丧四行孤军=八百壮士才高八斗=八斗之才四面楚歌=八方受敌八棍子撂不着=八竿子打不着陈腔滥调=八股稀奇古怪=八怪七喇八竿子打不着=八棍子撂不着不相上下=八两半斤五花八门=八门五花八面玲珑=八面见光八面见光=八面玲珑四面楚歌=八面受敌

气势汹汹=八面威风发草帖=八字帖逢迎=巴结渴望=巴望翦绺=扒手废除=拔除起锚=拔锚适得其反=拔苗助长选取=拔取扶植=拔擢猖=跋扈进退失据=跋前疐后动辄得咎=跋前踬后后记=跋文促膝谈心=把臂而谈痛处=把柄操纵=把持切脉=把脉看管=把守戏弄=把玩簸弄当心=把稳驾驭=把握

花招=把戏歇工=罢工而已=罢了撤职=罢免歇手=罢手放手=罢休蛮横=霸道机谋=霸术攻克=霸占呆子=白痴白费=白搭鹤发=白发皓首苍颜=白发苍颜庞眉皓发=白发银须白搭=白费枉费心机=白费心血口语=白话光阴似箭=白驹过隙石蜡=白腊洋蜡=白蜡白天=白日白日升天=白日飞升

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带有近义词的成语

成语大全第二部分带有近义词的成语东奔西走东拉西扯东倒西歪东张西望南腔北调南辕北辙南来北往南征北讨南征北战前赴后继前因后果前呼后拥前俯后仰左邻右舍左思右想左顾右盼左推右挡见多识广察言观色高瞻远瞩左顾右盼调兵遣将粉身碎骨狂风暴雨旁敲侧击千辛万苦眼疾手快生龙活虎七拼八凑胡言乱语欢天喜地改朝换代道听途说半斤八两胡言乱语千变万化万紫千红姹紫嫣红花红柳绿狂风暴雨旁敲侧击鸡鸣狗吠狼心狗肺虎背熊腰獐头鼠脑千辛万苦眼疾手快初来乍到不知不觉粗枝大叶跋山涉水天造地设七零八落兴国安邦翻山越岭百依百顺背井离乡和颜悦色冰天雪地严寒酷暑救死扶伤志同道合豪言壮语吆五喝六摇头摆尾撕心裂肺枝折花落胡言乱语高瞻远瞩高谈阔论眼疾手快聚精会神金枝玉叶三年五载左邻右舍发号施令自由自在大惊小怪大街小巷东奔西走东张西望来龙去脉冷嘲热讽里应外合南辕北辙南腔北调南征北战内忧外患前赴后继前仆后继生离死别天崩地裂天翻地覆天昏地暗天罗地网天旋地转天诛地灭阴错阳差有恃无恐有天无日左顾右盼左邻右舍左思右想成语大全第三部分带有反义词的成语 1-2-3-4有两组反义词: 悲欢离合古今中外古往今来天南地北出生入死今是昨非 1-2位是反义词：悲喜交加黑白分明功败垂成进退两难进退维谷轻重缓急轻重倒置生死存亡生死攸关始终如一是非曲直阴阳怪气左右逢源 3-4位是反义词：不关痛痒颠倒黑白混淆黑白混淆是非颠倒是非举足轻重无足轻重礼尚往来 1-4位是反义词：公而忘私死里逃生 1-3位是反义词：大惊小怪大街小巷大材小用大同小异东奔西走东张西望古为今用今非昔比

苦尽甘来来龙去脉冷嘲热讽里应外合南辕北辙南腔北调南征北战内忧外患前赴后继前仆后继前仰后合前因后果深入浅出生离死别死去活来天崩地裂天翻地覆天高地厚天高地迥天昏地暗天经地义天罗地网天旋地转天诛地灭同床异梦异口同声异曲同工阴错阳差有备无患有口无心有名无实有气无力有始无终有恃无恐有头无尾有天无日有眼无珠有勇无谋左顾右盼左邻右舍左思右想上行下效朝令暮改朝三暮四 2-4位是反义词：舍生忘死贪生怕死醉生梦死承上启下承前启后开天辟地惊天动地顶天立地花天酒地欢天喜地改天换地经天纬地遮天盖地震天动地翻天覆地翻来覆去顾此失彼厚此薄彼虎头蛇尾街头巷尾继往开来扬长避短说长道短三长两短截长补短取长补短今是昨非口是心非似是而非空前绝后除旧布新你死我活拈轻怕重弄假成真七上八下欺上瞒下完整无缺借古讽今颂古非今起死回生避重就轻头重脚轻将信将疑尺短寸长积少成多瞻前顾后挑肥拣瘦同甘共苦声东击西喜新厌旧凶多吉少眼高手低假公济私惩前毖后自始至终朝思暮想飞短流长返老还童争先恐后转败为胜成语大全第四部分成语与成语近同义词有的放矢-正中要害寻根究底-追本溯源众口铄金-积毁销骨愚公移山-矢志不渝狐假虎威-为虎作伥黔驴技穷-江郎才尽破釜沉舟-背水一战水到渠成-瓜熟蒂落怒发冲冠-怒不可遏卸磨杀驴-过河拆桥转危为安-有惊无险棋逢对手-将遇良才孤掌难鸣-寡不敌众福无双至-祸不单行嫦娥奔月-吴刚伐桂点石成金-妙手回春承前启后-继往开来福如东海-寿比南山一身正气-两袖清风成语大全第六部分人体成语人身人山人海身经百战出人头地挺身而出草菅人命大显身手平易近人奋不顾身