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2009年同济大学考博英语真题阅读理解试题-育明考博

2009年同济大学考博英语真题阅读理解试题 The University in transformation, edited by Australian futurists Sohail Inayatullah and Jennifer Gidley, presents some 20 highly varied outlooks on tomorrow's universities by writers representing both Western and mon-Western perspectives. Their essays raise a broad range of issues, questioning nearly every key assumption we have about higher education today. The most widely discussed alternative to the traditional campus is the Internet University - a voluntary community to scholars/teachers physically scattered throughout a country or around the world but all linked in cyberspace.

A computerized university could have many advantages, such as easy scheduling, efficient delivery of lectures to thousands or even millions of students at once, and ready access for students everywhere to the resources of all the world's great libraries. Yet the Internet University poses dangers, too. For example, a line of franchised courseware, produced by a few superstar teachers, marketed under the brand name of a famous institution, and heavily advertised, might eventually come to dominate the global education market, warns sociology professor Peter Manicas of the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Besides enforcing a rigidly standardized curriculum, such a "college education in a box" could undersell the offerings of many traditional brick and mortar institutions, effectively driving then out of business and throwing thousands of career academics out of work, note Australian communications professors David Rooney and Greg Hearn.

（PS：育明考博课程咨询方式扣扣：547.063 .862 TEL：四零零六六八六九七八有售各院校真题） On the other hand, while global connectivity seems highly likely to play some significant role in future higher education, that does not mean greater uniformity in course content - or other dangers - will necessarily follow. Counter-movements are also at work.

Many in academia, including scholars contributing to this volume, are questioning the fundamental mission of university education. What if, for instance, instead of receiving primarily technical training and building their individual careers, university students and professors could focus their learning and research efforts on existing problems in their local communities and the world? Feminist scholar Ivana Milojevic dares to dream what a university might become "if we believed that child-care workers and teachers in early childhood education should be one of the highest （rather than lowest） paid professionals?" Co-editor Jennifer Gidley shows how tomorrow's university faculty, instead of giving lectures and conducting independent research, may take on three new roles. Some would act as brokers, assembling

customized degree-credit programmes for individual students by mixing and matching the best course offerings available from institutions all around the world.

A second group, mentors, would function much like today's faculty advisers, but are likely to be working with many more students outside their own academic specialty. This would require them to constantly be learning from their students as well as instructing them.

A third new role for faculty, and in Gidley's view the most challenging and rewarding of all, would be as meaning-makers: charismatic sages and practitioners leading groups of students/colleagues in collaborative efforts to find spiritual as well as rational and technological solutions to specific real-world problems.

Moreover, there seems little reason to suppose that any one form of university must necessarily drive out all other options. Students may be "enrolled" in courses offered at virtual campuses on the Internet, between -or even during - sessions at a real-world problem-focused institution.

As co-editor Sohail Inayatullah points out in his introduction, no future is inevitable, and the very act of imagining and thinking through alternative possibilities can directly affect how thoughtfully, creatively and urgently even a dominant technology is adapted and applied. Even in academia, the future belongs to those who care enough to work their visions into practical, sustainable realities.

Which of the following is true according to the passage?

(A) Rocks larger than Pluto have been found in the Kuiper Belt.

(B) The Kuiper Belt did not exist when Pluto was first discovered. (C) The

astronomers are divided with regard to the status of Pluto. (D) There is almost no difference between Pluto and other Kuiper Belt objects. 12. From when was Pluto seriously questioned about its planetary status? (A) As early as 1930.

(B) More than a decade ago. (C) When the Kuiper Belt was discovered. (D) When Quaoar

was discovered. The sentence "In short, there is none." (para. 7) can be paraphrased as which of the following? (A) There is no problem with Pluto's planetary status. (B) There is not much difference between Pluto and other planets. (C) There is yet no scientific definition of the term "planet." (D) There is no clear distinction between planets and stars.

Which of the following does not support the statement that Pluto is our "solar system's oddest planet'?

(A) It is farthest from the sun. (B) It is unusually small. (C) Its orbit is too

oval. (D) It mainly consists of dust and ice.

15. The word "commotion" in the expression "New York's Hayden Planetarium caused a

commotion two years ago" (para. 8) can be replaced by __ .

(A) exchange of opinions (B) thorough investigation

The 100 Aker Wood may look like a dark, forbidding place these days for Michael D. Eisner. That's where Winnie the Pooh, Piglet, and Eeyore live, and the cartoon characters- which represent at least $1 billion a year in revenues for Eisner's Walt Disney Co. --are in full revolt. A 12-years-old lawsuit, sealed in a Los Angeles court until January, has come to light, and a series of court rulings threaten the media giant with hundreds of millions in overdue license payments and possibly the loss of one of its most lucrative properties. How large a hit Disney will take is still in dispute. Disney is appealing two rulings, including one alleging that company executives knowingly destroyed important papers related to its licensing deals. The Pooh affair may seem minor at a time when Eisner is under attack for Disney’s chronically weak stock price and ABC's anemic ratings, but the Disney chairman hardly needs more jostling from a Silly Old Bear. What's more, the impact could be significant. After acknowledging to the Securities ﹠ Exchange Commission on Aug.9 that "damages could total as much as several hundred million dollars" or the loss of the licensing agreement, Disney was hit with new shareholder lawsuits. Disney wants to keep its grip on that bear and his honey jar. Pooh is Disney's single largest property, says Martin Brockstein, executive editor of The Licensing Letter. That adds up to about $100 million in operating earnings from royalties on Pooh T-shirts, backpacks, and other merchandise, figures Gerard Klauer Matheson ﹠ Co. analyst Jeffrey Logsdon. Last year, Disney paid $ 352 million to one pair of heirs of Winnie-the-Pooh author A. A. Milne. But the family of Stephen A. Slesinger, a New York literary agent who bought the U. S. rights in 1930, says Disney owes them $ 200 million on licenses for T-shirts and other merchandise and has cut them entirely out of the lucrative videocassette and DVD arena. Headed by Shirley Slesinger Lasswell, an 80-year-old widow who travels with a Winnie-the-Pooh bear everywhere, the family contends it is owed close to $1 billion, say its lawyers. Disney, which says it pays the Slesingers $12 million a year, insists the $1 billion figure is a publicity stunt. "The 1930 contract says they get royalties on merchandise alone, not all exploitation," says Disney attorney Daniel J. Petrocelli. The Slesingers also charge that Disney lost documents related to merchandise sales and destroyed others that extended

the accord to DVDs and videotapes. On June 18, Los Angeles Superior Court Judge Ernest M. Hiroshige rejected the audit by a forensic accountant he thought unduly favored Disney and found that Disney "misused the discovery process" by hiding the fact that it destroyed documents

that might have expanded the licensing agreement to tapes and DVDs. Absent those documents-which include the papers of the late Disney Consumer Products chief Vincent Jefferd-the case may hinge on the "mommy memo." That memo, written in 1983 by Slesinger daughter Patricia to her mother, Shirley, describes a meeting with Jefferds at the Beverly Hills Hotel

at which Jefferds allegedly told Patricia "that videos and all these new things were covered

and to shut up about it," according to court documents. Because Disney destroyed Jefferds' letters, Judge Hiroshige ruled that Disney is barred from "introducing evidence disputing"

the family's contention that they were entitled to royalties on videocassettes. Disney is appealing the ruling. Settlement seems unlikely among the parties. One obstacle: the

still-simmering animosity toward Slesinger lawyer Bertram Fields, who won a $ 250 million settlement for former Disney studio chief Jeffrey Katzenberg in a hyper-charged 1999 case. This time, the character may be soft and fuzzy, but the payout could be bigger. For Eisner, Pooh is becoming one Very Big Bother.

16. The expression "in full revolt" in the sentence "That's where Winnie the Pooh, Piglet,

and Eeyore live, and the cartoon characters.., are in full revolt." (para. 1) implies

that .

(A) the cartoon characters are no longer popular

(B) Disney is seriously involved in lawsuits

(D) the cartoon characters no longer play positive roles

17. The word "anemic" in the expression "Eisner is under attack for... ABC's anemic ratings" (para. 2) can be paraphrased as ___.

flexible (B) changing (C) steady (D) declining

18. The sentence "Disney wants to keep its grip on that bear and his honey jar." (para.

3)can best be explained as which of the following?

(A) Disney wants to take back the bear so as to make more honey.

(B) Disney wants to take control of its cartoon characters.

(D) Disney wants to win the 12-year-old lawsuit.

19. Why does the author say that Disney's case may "hinge on the 'mommy memo'"(para. 5)?

(A) Because Disney has been barred from introducing further evidence.

(B) Because the documents related to Disney's merchandise sales cannot be found. (C) Because this might be the only document revealing Disney's original attitude.

(D) Because Slesinger daughter faithfully recorded Jefferds' words.

20. Which of the following CANNOT be concluded from the passage?

(A) Disney has introduced convincing evidence to defend itself.

(B) Disney has destroyed some important papers on purpose.

(D) The stock price of Disney has been going down for a period of time. 本文由“育明考博”整理编辑

本文由“育明考博”整理编辑