2018年英语试卷及答案

SectionⅠUse of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered b lank and mark [A],[B], [C] or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things t hat will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to

1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. T he new research reveals that the need to know is strong that people wil l

2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will

3 .

In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Ch icago and the Wisconsin school of Business tested students’ willingness t o 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. Fo r one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens w ould 6 an electric shock when clicked.

Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified; another tw enty-seven were told only that some were electrified.7 left alone in th e room. The students who did not know which ones would shock them cli cked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew t hat would 8 . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.

The drive to10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can 12 ne

w scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such 13 can backfir e. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profoun d one.

Unhealthycuriosity is possible to 15 , however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after vie wing an unpleasant picture were less likely to17 to see such an imag e. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the end eavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible neg ative effects of curiosity,”Hsee says. In other words, don’t read online com ments.

1.A.ignore B.protect C.discuss D.resolve

2.A.refuse B.seek C.wait D.regret

3.A.rise https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0e891353.html,st C.hurt D.mislead

4.A.alert B.expose C.tie D.treat

5.A.trial B.message C.review D.concept

6.A.remove B.deliver C.weaken D.interrupt

7.A.Unless B.If C.When D.Though

8.A.change B.continue C.disappear D.happen

9.A.such as B.rather than C.regardless of D.owing to

10.A.disagree B.forgive C.discover D.forget

11.A.pay B.food C.marriage D.schooling

12.A.begin with B.rest on C.lead to D.learn from

13.A.inquiry B.withdrawal C.persistence D.diligence

14.A.self-deceptive B.self-reliant C.self-evident D.self-destructive

15.A.trace B.define C.replace D.resist

16.A.conceal B.overlook C.design D.predict

17.A.choose B.remember C.promise D.pretend

18.A.relief B.outcome C.plan D.duty

19.A.how B.why C.where D.whether

20.A.limitations B.investments C.consequences D.strategies

Section IIReading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text b y choosing [A],[B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEE T. (40 points)

Text 1

It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to ju stify his efforts to give his students a better future.

Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a Ne w Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and t ests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become acc epted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike Chain?

As Koziatek know, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied d esk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also lear n geometry by assembling a bicycle.

But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your ha nds is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. School in the family of vocatio nal education “have that stereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t make it ac ademically,” he says.

On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.The job securit y that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle.We want more for our ki ds,and rightfully so.

But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point:That’s not the only t hing the American economy needs.Yes,a bachelor’s degree opens moredo ors.Buteven now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only 44 percent of w orkers are adequately trained.

In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the countr y on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined Am erica is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most are n’t equipped to do them.Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.

Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size -fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.

21.A br oken bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of.

A.academic training

B.practical ability

C.pioneering spirit

D.mechanical memorization

22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.

A.have a stereotyped mind

B.have no career motivation

C.are financially disadvantaged

D.are not academically successful

23.we can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0e891353.html,ed to have more job opportunities

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0e891353.html,ed to have big financial concerns

C.are entitled to more educational privileges

D.are reluctant to work in manufacturing

24.The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all.

A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs

B.may narrow the gap in working-class jobs

C.indicates the overvaluing of higher education

D.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce

25.The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as.

A.tolerant

B.cautious

C.supportive

D.disappointed

Text 2

While fossil fuels—coal，oil，gas—still generate roughly 85 percent of t he world’s energy supp ly, it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.The move to renewables is pic

king up momentum around the world：They now account for more than ha lf of new power sources going on line.

Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighte d businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummetingprices of renewables，especially wind and solar.The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbi nes by close to one-third in the past eight years.

In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal ene rgy source.In Scotland，for example，wind turbines provide enough electri city to power 95 percent of homes.While the rest of the world takes the le ad，notably China and Europe，the United States is also seeing a remark able shift.In March，for the first time，wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US，reported the US Energy Information Administration.

President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the p ath to economic growth.In a recent speech in Iowa，he dismissed wind po wer as an unreliable energy source.But that message did not play well wit h many in Iowa，where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percen t of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.

The question“what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun d o esn’t shine?”has provided a quick put-down for skeptics.But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.

The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers，who are placi ng big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles.Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now,this massive investment could change the pictur e rapidly in coming years.

While there’s a long way to go，the trend lines for renewables are spi king.The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—p erhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.

26.The word“plummeting”（Line 3，Para.2）is closest in meaning to.

A.stabilizing

B.changing

C.falling

D.rising

27.According to Paragraph 3，the use of renewable energy in America.

A.is progressing notably

B.is as extensive as in Europe

C.faces many challenges

D.has proved to be impractical

28.It can be learned that in Iowa, .

A.wind is a widely used energy source

B.wind energy has replaced fossil fuels

C.tech giants are investing in clean energy

D.there is a shortage of clean energy supply

29.Which ofthe following is true about clean energy according to Parag raphs 5&6?

A.Its application has boosted battery storage.

B.It is commonly used in car manufacturing.

C.Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.

D.Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.

30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy.

A.will bring the US closer to other countries

B.will accelerate global environmental change

C.is not really encouraged by the US government

D.is not competitive enough with regard to its cost

Text 3

The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonis hing—Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn，but two years ago Facebook paid even m

ore than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service，which doesn’t have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was a n intricate and finely detailed web of its users’friendships and social lives．

Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not lin k phone numbers to Facebook identities，but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through．Even without knowing what was in the messages，the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormousl y revealing and still could be．What political journalist，what party whip，w ould not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Ther esa May’s enemies are currentlyplotting?It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.

Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalan ces of power．But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power．But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of th ese services don’t pay for them．The users of their services are not their customers．That would be the people who buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google，the two virtual giants，dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies．

The product they’re selling is data，and we，the users，convert our liv es to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphidsfor the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Go ogle farms us for the data that our digital lives yield．Ants keep predatory

insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers ou t of our inboxes.It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship，ev en if both sides benefit．

.31.According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its.

A.digital products

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0e891353.html,er information

C.physical assets

D.quality service

32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may.

A.worsen political disputes

B.mess up customer records

C.pose a risk to Facebook users

D.mislead the European commission

33.According to the author,competition law.

A.should serve the new market powers

B.may worsen the economic imbalance

C.should not provide just one legal solution

D.cannot keep pace with the changing market

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0e891353.html,petition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Faceboo

k users because.

A.they are not defined as customers

B.they are not financially reliable

C.the services are generally digital

D.the services are paid for by advertisers

35.The ants analogy is used to illustrate.

A.a win-win business model between digital giants

B.a typical competition pattern among digital giants

C.the benefits provided for digital giants’customers

D.the relationship between digital giants and their users

Text 4

To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy,Cal Newport,a uthor of Deep work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted world,reco mmends building a habit of “deep work”—the ability to focus without distra ction.

There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work —be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritu al;or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work wh en you can throughout the day. Whichever approach,the key is to determi ne your length of focus time and stick to it.

Newport also recommends “deepscheduling” to combat constant interru ptions and get more done in less time.“At any given point,Ishould have de

ep work scheduled for roughly the next month.Once on the calendar I prot ect this time like Iwould a doctor’s appointment or important meeting”,he writes.

Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists.Tim Harfo rd, author of Messy:The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives,points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities;others we re told to plan activities and goals in much more detail,day by day.

While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans wou ld be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks,they were wro ng:the detailed daily plans demotivated students.Harford argues that inevit able distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective,while leaving ro om for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.

In order to make the most of our focus and energy. We also need to embrace downtime,or as Newport suggests,“be lazy.”

“Idleness is not just a vacation,an indulgence or a vice;it is as indispen sable to be brain as Vitamin D is to the body...[idleness]is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,”he argues.

Srini Pillay,an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical Sch ool,believes this counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity m ay be due to the way our brains operate When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task,they tend to be more efficient.

“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks the y need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain”. says Pill ay.

.36.The key to mastering the art of deep work is to ________.

A.keep to your focus time

B.list your immediate tasks

C.make specific daily plans

D.seize every minute to work

37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that _______

_.

A.distractions may actually increase efficiency

B.daily schedules are indispensable to studying

C.students are hardly motivated by monthly goals

D.detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected

38. According to Newport, idleness is ________.

A.a desirable mental state for busy people

B.a major contributor to physical health

C.an effective way to save time and energy

D.an essential factor in accomplishing any work

39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unf

ocused _______.

A.can result in psychological well-being

B.canbring about greater efficiency

C.is aimed at better balance in work

D.is driven by task urgency

40. This text is mainly about _______.

A.ways to relieve the tension of busy life

B.approaches to getting more done in less time

C.the key to eliminating distractions

D.the cause of the lack of focus time

Part B

Directions:

Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWE R SHEET. (10 points)

. A.Just say it

. B.Be present

. C.Pay a unique compliment

. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0e891353.html,, places, things

. E.Find the “me too”s

. F.Skip the small talk

.G.Ask for an opinion

Five ways to make conversation with anyone

Conversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have af ter that moment will strengthen the link.

You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, n ew people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a co nversation with them will form a link.

Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start

a conversation with strangers.

41._A_

Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and someth ing within you says“I want to talk with this person”—this is something the mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something—the first wor d—but it just won’t come out. It feels like itis stuck somewhere, I know th

e feeling and here is my advice just get it out.

Just think: that is the worst that could happen? They won’t talk with yo u? Well, they are not talking with you now!

I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will

just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”,“Hey”or“Hello”—do the best you can to g ather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and s ay“Hi”.

42._F_

It’s a problem all of us face: you have limited ti me with the person tha t you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.

Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of“hi”,“hello”, “how are you?”and“wh at’s going on?”you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that’s can make it so memorable.

So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.

43.__E_

When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the t hings which you and that person have in common so that you can build t he conversation from that point. When you start conversation from there a nd then move outwards, you’ll find all of a sudden that the conversation b ecomes a lot easier.

44.__B_

Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone, and if you ask for their attention you get the respon se “I can multitask”.

So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that com munication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact, you can feel the conversati on.

45.__D_

You all came into a conversation where you first met the person, but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name. Isn’t that awkward!

So remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to the place they want to go, the thi ngs they like, the thing the hate—whatever you talk about.

When you remember such thing you can automatically become investo r in their wellbeing. So the feel a responsibility to you to keep that relatio nship going.

That’s it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with alm ost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a con versation with!

SectionⅢTranslation

46.Directions:

TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbewritteno ntheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future car eer path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well.The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads——everything from encyclopaedias to science fiction novels. He reads so fervently that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy” at the dinner table.

That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’t stopped reading yet——no t even after becoming one of the most successful people on the planet. N owadays, his reading material has changed from science fiction and refere nce books: recently, he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction book s a year. Gates chooses nonfiction titles because they explain how the w orld woks.

“Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge to explore,”——Gates say.

【参考范文】

一位五年级学生完成家庭作业，要求从职业列表中选择自己未来的职业。他在“宇航员”旁边划了勾，但很快又加上了“科学家”这个选项。他相信，如果书读得足够多，他就可以随心所欲地为为尝试各种职业。所以他博览群书，从百科全书读到科幻小说。他对读书太过痴迷，逼得他父母规定他上桌吃饭时“不许读书”。

这个男孩正是比尔·盖茨，他迄今也未停止阅读的脚步，哪怕已身为世界上最成功的人士之一。如今，他的阅读范围已不再局限于科幻作品和百科丛书：他最近透露自己一年至少阅读50本非虚构类书籍，因为这些书揭秘了世界的运转方式。比尔·盖茨说：“每一本书都开辟了探索知识的新路径。”

Section ⅣWriting

Part A

.47.Directions:

Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to vi sit Professor Smith. Write him an email to

1）apologize and explain the situation, and

2）suggest a future meeting.

You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.

Do not use your own name. Use“Li Ming” instead.

Do not write your address.（10 points）

PART A【参考范文】

Dear Professor Smith,

I am terribly sorry that I have to cancel my travel plan and, and to my regret, I will not be able to visit you.

It is mainly because at that time I will be fully occupied by an internati onal conference on the Belt and Road Initiative. This morning, after the vo te of the board of my company, I receive an appointment be a representa tive of our company to attend the conference, which will be held in Xi’ An and last for a week from January 8th to 15th. Therefore I am forced to a djust my former schedule.

I sincerely hope that you could understand my situation and accept my apology. By the way, could you give me another chance to visit you next month?

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

Section ⅣWriting

Part B

2018年英语高考2卷 试题及答案

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语 （考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 作答时，务必将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷及草稿纸上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）（略） 第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Summer Activities Students should read the list with their parents/careers, and select two activities they would like to do. Forms will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school. Before choices are finalised, parents/careers will be asked to sign to confirm their child’s choices. 1 / 18

2 / 18

21.Which activity will you choose if you want to go camping? A.OUT. B.WBP. C.CRF. D.POT. 22.What will the students do on Tuesday with Mrs. Wilson? A. Travel to London. B. See a parade and fireworks. C. Tour central Paris. D. Visit the WWI battlefields. 23.How long does Potty about Potter last? A. Two days. B. Four days. C. Five days. D. One week. B Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels form British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection. Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have 3 / 18

2018年全国一卷英语试题答案解析

2018年全国一卷试题答案解析 A篇： 21.A由题目中的book in advance可对应第一段最后reserve your spot before availability可推知答案。reserve→预订，出现在2016年全国三卷语法填空中。 22.D由题目可定位到文章第三段原文“entertain you with the most interesting stories”可知答案。 23.D由bicycle tour可定位到文章最后一段provide v.提供（八年级下册unit3）由文 章最后两句，可知答案。 B篇： 24.B由文章第一段but后可知，这是题目的答案“but she is cooking up storm in her latest role”但是她正在烹饪在她最新的角色中。latest最新的（七年级上册）late迟的，晚的→latest adj.最新的。 25.C.由题目定位到第二段“with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste.”厨师Matt Tebbutt帮忙提供好的建议关于怎样减少食物浪费。 C选项“Matt”在做饭问题上给susanna提供帮助。 26.由第四段可知，在这里由8部分组成的系列节目中susanna主持.save money：good food.这个节目是紧跟着ITV’s save money：good heal+n这个节目的，交代了Good Food这一部分产生的背景。 27.文章多次体现出文章的主旨：1.第一段最后：how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budgetc预算，济源市高三二模完形填空发现。2.susanna 主持的节目Save Money。3.最后一段中的on a budget,less expensive。 干扰项C：让你自己成为一个完美的厨师，有些片面，文章主旨是在有限的预算下， 做出同样美味的食物。 C篇： 28.B：由hunter-gatherer times定位到文章第一段第三行“devdoped their own patterns of speech independent of each other代出他们自己的独立于别人的语言类型”及最后一句“they spoke perhaps 12000 languages between them”他们彼此之间讲 说的语大概12000种。

(完整版)山东省2018年春季高考济南市第三次模拟考试英语试题

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