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高一英语必修四课文逐句翻译(人教版)

高一英语必修四课文逐句翻译(人教版)
高一英语必修四课文逐句翻译(人教版)

高一英语必修四课文逐句翻译(人教版)

1.必修四Unit1ASTUDENTOFAFRICANWILDLIFE

非洲野生动物研究者

Itis5:45amandthesunisjustrisingoverGombeNationalParkinEastA frica.清晨5点45分,太阳刚从东非的贡贝国家公园的上空升起,FollowingJane'swayofstudyingchimps,ourgroupareallgoingtovis itthemintheforest.我们一行人准备按照简研究黑猩猩的方法去森

林里拜访它们。Janehasstudiedthesefamiliesofchimpsformanyyearsandhelpedpeo pleunderstandhowmuchtheybehavelikehumans.简研究这些黑猩猩家族已经很多年了,她帮助人们了解黑猩猩跟人类的行为是多么的相似。Watchingafamilyofchimpswakeupisourfirstactivityoftheday.我们当天的首项任务就是观察黑猩猩一家是如何醒来的。Thismeansgoingbacktotheplacewhereweleftthefamilysleepingina treethenightbefore.这意味着我们要返回前一天晚上我们离开黑猩猩一家睡觉的大树旁。Everybodysitsandwaitsintheshadeofthetreeswhilethefamilybegi nstowakeupandmoveoff.大家坐在树荫下等待着,这时候猩猩们睡醒了,准备离开。Thenwefollowastheywanderintotheforest.然后这

群黑猩猩向森林深处漫步而去,我们尾随其后。

Mostofthetime,chimpseitherfeedorcleaneachotherasawayofshowi

ngloveintheirfamily.在大部分时间里,黑猩猩或相互喂食,或彼此擦身,这在它们的家庭里是表示爱的方式。Janewarnsusthatourgroupisgoingtobeverytiredanddirtybytheaft ernoonandsheisright.简预先提醒我们,到下午的时候我们就会又脏又累。她说对了。However,theeveningmakesitallworthwhile.不过到傍晚时分我们觉得这一切都是值得的。Wewatchthemotherchimpandherbabiesplayinthetree.Thenweseethe mgotosleeptogetherintheirnestforthenight.我们看到黑猩猩妈妈跟她的幼子们在树上玩耍,后来看见它们晚上一起回窝里睡觉了。Werealizethatthebondbetweenmembersofachimpfamilyisasstronga sinahumanfamily.我明白了猩猩家庭成员之间的联系像人类家庭一样紧密。NobodybeforeJanefullyunderstoodchimpbehaviour.在简之前没有人完全了解黑猩猩的行为。Shespentyearsobservingandrecordingtheirdailyactivities.她花了多年的时间来观察并记录黑猩猩的日常生活。Sinceherchildhoodshehadwantedtoworkwithanimalsintheirownenv ironment.从孩童时代起,简就想在动物生活的环境中研究它们。However,thiswasnoteasy.但是,这不是一件简单的事。WhenshefirstarrivedinGombein1960,itwasunusualforawomantoliv eintheforest.当她1960年最初来到贡贝时,对女性来说,住进大森林还是很稀罕的事情。

Onlyafterhermothercametohelpherforthefirstfewmonthswassheal lowedtobeginherproject.她母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙,这才使她

得以开始自己的计划。Herwork changedthewaypeoplethinkaboutchimps.她的工作改变了人们对黑

猩猩的看法。

Forexample,oneimportantthingshediscoveredwasthatchimpshunta ndeatmeat.比方说,她的一个重要发现是黑猩猩猎食动物。Untiltheneveryonehadthoughtchimpsateonlyfruitandnuts.在此之前,人们一直认为黑猩猩只吃水果和坚果。Sheactuallyobservedchimpsasagrouphuntingamonkeyandtheneatin git.而她曾经亲眼看到过一群黑猩猩捕杀一只猴子,然后把它吃掉。Shealsodiscoveredhowchimpscommunicatewitheachother,andherst udyoftheirbodylanguagehelpedherworkouttheirsocialsystem.她

还发现了黑猩猩之间是如何交流的,而她对黑猩猩肢体语言的研究

帮助她勾勒出黑猩猩的社会体系。ForfortyyearsJaneGoodallhasbeenoutspokenaboutmakingtheresto ftheworldunderstandandrespectthelifeoftheseanimals.40年来,简∙古道尔一直在呼吁世人了解并尊重这些动物的生活。Shehasarguedthatwildanimalsshouldbeleftinthewildandnotusedf orentertainmentoradvertisements.她主张应该让野生动物留在野

外生活,而不能用于娱乐或广告。

Shehashelpedtosetupspecialplaceswheretheycanlivesafely.她还

为黑猩猩建起了可以安全生活的保护区。Sheisleadingabusylifebutshesays:她的生活是忙忙碌碌的,然而,正如她所说的:

"OnceIstop,itallcomescrowdinginandIrememberthechimpsinlabor atories.It'sterrible.―我一旦停下来,所有的一切都会涌上心头。我就会想起实验室的黑猩猩,太可怕了。ItaffectsmewhenIwatchthewildchimps.每当我看着野生黑猩猩时,

这个念头总是萦绕着我。Isaytomyself,'Aren'ttheylucky"我会对

自己说:‗难道它们不幸运吗?

‘AndthenIthinkaboutsmallchimpsincagesthoughtheyhavedonenot hingwrong.然后我就想起那些没有任何过错却被关在笼子里的小黑

猩猩。Onceyouhaveseenthatyoucanneverforget..."一旦你看到这些,你就永远不会忘记……‖Shehasachievedeverythingshewantedtodo:workingwithanimalsint heirownenvironment,gainingadoctor'sdegreeandshowingthatwome ncanliveintheforestasmencan.简已经得到了她想要得到的一切:

在动物的栖息地工作;获得博士学位;还向世人证明女人和男人一

样也能在森林里生活。Sheinspiresthosewhowanttocheertheachievementsofwomen.她激励

着人们为妇女们的成就而欢呼喝彩。

2.必修四Unit1WHYNOTCARRYONHERGOODWORK为什么不继续她的事业?IenjoyedEnglish,biology,andchemistryatschool,butwhichonesho uldIchoosetostudyatuniversity上学时我喜欢英语、生物和化学,但是我进大学该选哪门专业呢?IdidnotknowtheansweruntiloneeveningwhenIsatdownatthecompute rtodosomeresearchongreatwomenofChina.直到有一天晚上坐在电脑

旁研究中国的伟大女性时,我才有了答案。BychanceIcameacrossanarticleaboutadoctorcalledLinQiaozhi,as pecialistinwomen'sdiseases.很偶然地,我看到了一篇关于林巧稚

大夫的文章。她是妇科专家,Shelivedfrom1901to1983.1901年出生,1983年去世。Itseemedthatshehadbeenverybusyinherchosencareer,travellinga broadtostudyaswellaswritingbooksandarticles.林巧稚似乎一直

都在为自己选择的事业而奔忙,她去国外留学,并写了很多书和文章。Oneofthemcaughtmyeye.其中有一本书引起了我的注意。Itwasasmallbookexplaininghowtocutthedeathratefromhavingandc aringforbabies.这是一本小书,介绍如何从妇女怀孕到护理婴儿的

过程中降低死亡率。Shegavesomesimplerulestofollowforkeepingbabiesclean,healthy andfreefromsickness.她提出了一些可以遵循的简单的做法,保持

婴儿清洁和健康,让他们远离疾病。Whydidshewritethat她为什么

要写这些东西呢?

WhowerethewomenthatLinQiaozhithoughtneededthisadvice林巧稚认为哪些妇女会需要这些忠告呢?Ilookedcarefullyatthetextandrealizedthatitwasintendedforwom eninthecountryside.我细细地看了这篇文章,了解到那是为农村妇女写的。Perhapsiftheyhadanemergencytheycouldnotreachadoctor.也许是她们在遇到紧急情况时找不到医生。Suddenlyithitmehowdifficultitwasforawomantogetmedicaltraini ngatthattime.突然我想起,在那个年代,一个女子去学医是多么困难啊!

Thatwasagenerationwhengirls'educationwasalwaysplacedsecondt oboys'.那可是一个女性受教育总是排在男性之后的年代。Wasshesomuchclevererthananyoneelse难道她比别人要聪明得多?Furtherreadingmademerealizethatitwashardworkanddeterminatio naswellashergentlenaturethatgotherintomedicalschool.进一步

阅读使我了解到,是苦干、决心和善良的天性使她走进医学院的大门。Whatmadehersucceedlateronwasthekindnessandconsiderationshes howedtoallherpatients.后来使她成功的是她对所有病人献出的爱

心和体贴。

TherewasstoryafterstoryofhowLinQiaozhi,tiredafteraday'swork ,wentlateatnighttodeliverababyforapoorfamilywhocouldnotpayh

er.数不胜数的故事讲述着林巧稚如何在劳累一天之后,又在深夜去为贫苦家庭的产妇接生,而这些家庭是不可能给她报酬的。BynowIcouldnotwaittofindoutmoreabouther.现在我迫不及待地想

多了解一些有关她的情况。IdiscoveredthatLinQiaozhihaddevotedherwholelifetoherpatient sandhadchosennottohaveafamilyofherown.我发现林巧稚把毕生都

奉献给了病人,而自己却选择了独身。Insteadshemadesurethatabout50,000babiesweresafelydelivered.她确保了大约五万名婴儿的安全出生。BythistimeIwasveryexcited.这时候,我非常激动。WhynotstudyatmedicalcollegelikeLinQiaozhiandcarryonhergoodw ork为什么不像林巧稚那样去读医学院,继续她高尚的事业呢?Itwasstillnottoolateformetoimprovemystudies,preparefortheun iversityentranceexaminations,and….现在努力提高学习成绩、准备大学入学考试还不算晚……

3.必修四Unit2APIONEERFORALLPEOPLE造福全人类的先驱者AlthoughheisoneofChina'smostfamousscientists,YuanLongpingco nsidershimselfafarmer,forheworksthelandtodohisresearch.尽管是中国最的科学家之一,袁隆平仍然认为自己是个农民,因为他在

田里耕作,进行科学研究。

Indeed,hissunburntfaceandarmsandhisslim,strongbodyarejustli

kethoseofmillionsofChinesefarmers,forwhomhehasstruggledfort hepastfivedecades.的确,他被太阳晒得黝黑的脸庞和和手臂,以及他那瘦削而又结实的身躯,就跟其他千百万中国农民一样,过去50年来,他一直在努力帮助他们。DrYuanLongpinggrowswhatiscalledsuperhybridrice.袁博士种植的是被称为―超级杂交水稻的‖的稻种。

In1974,hebecamethefirstagriculturalpioneerintheworldtogrowr icethathasahighoutput.1974年,他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先锋。Thisspecialstrainofricemakesitpossibletoproduceone-thirdmor eofthecropinthesamefields.这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获三分之一的产量。

Nowmorethan60%ofthericeproducedinChinaeachyearisfromthishyb ridstrain.如今中国每年出产的稻米有60%以上出自这种杂交稻种。Borninapoorfarmer'sfamilyin1930,DrYuangraduatedfromSouthwes tAgriculturalCollegein1953.袁博士1930年出生,1953年毕业于西南农学院。

Sincethen,findingwaystogrowmorericehasbeenhislifegoal.从那时起,找到水稻高产的方法就成为他一生的目标。Asayoungman,hesawthegreatneedforincreasingthericeoutput.年轻时,他就看到了稻田增产的巨大需求。

Atthattime,hungerwasadisturbingprobleminmanypartsofthecount

ryside.当时,饥荒是许多农村地区面临的严重问题。DrYuansearchedforawaytoincreasericeharvestswithoutexpanding theareaofthefields.袁博士要在不增加土地面积的基础上寻求达到

增收稻谷的途径。

In1950,Chinesefarmerscouldproduceonlyfiftymilliontonsofrice

.1950年,中国农民只能生产五千万吨稻谷,

Inarecentharvest,however,nearlytwohundredmilliontonsofricew asproduced.而近来却生产了将近两亿吨稻谷。Theseincreasedharvestsmeanthat22%oftheworld'speoplearefedfr omjust7%ofthefarmlandinChina.这一粮食产量的增加意味着中国仅

仅7%的耕地养活了世界22%的人口。DrYuanisnowcirculatinghisknowledgeinIndia,Vietnamandmanyoth erlessdevelopedcountriestoincreasetheirriceharvests.袁博士

现在在印度、越南和很多其他欠发达国家传播提高水稻产量的知识。Thankstohisresearch,theUNhasmoretoolsinthebattletoridthewor ldofhunger.多亏了他的研究,联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中有了

更多的办法。

Usinghishybridrice,farmersareproducingharveststwiceaslargea sbefore.用他的杂交水稻种子,农民种出的粮食比以前多了一倍。DrYuanisquitesatisfiedwithhislife.袁博士很满意他的生活。However,hedoesn'tcareaboutbeingfamous.Hefeelsitgiveshimless freedomtodohisresearch.但是,他对成名并不在意,并且觉得出名

后搞科研就不那么自由了。Hewouldmuchratherkeeptimeforhishobbles.他宁愿把时间花在自己

的业余爱好上。

Heenjoyslisteningtoviolinmusic,playingmah-jong,swimmingandr eading.他喜欢听小提琴乐曲、打麻将、游泳和读书。Spendingmoneyonhimselforleadingacomfortablelifealsomeansver ylittletohim.在自己身上花钱或者享受舒适的生活对袁博士来说意

义不大。

Indeed,hebelievesthatapersonwithtoomuchmoneyhasmoreratherth anfewertroubles.事实上,他认为一个人有了太多钱,他的麻烦事

只会更多,而不是更少。Hethereforegivesmillionsofyuantoequipothersfortheirresearch inagriculture.于是,他拿出好几百万元帮助其他人进行农业科学

研究。

Justdreamingforthings,however,costsnothing.梦想是不花本钱的。LongagoDryuanhadadreamaboutriceplantsastallassorghum.Eachea rofricewasasbigasanearofcornandeachgrainofricewasashugeasap eanut.很久以前,袁博士曾在梦里看到水稻长得像高粱一样高,稻

穗跟玉米穗一样大,而每粒稻谷像花生米一样大。DrYuanawokefromhisdreamwiththehopeofproducingakindofricetha tcouldfeedmorepeople.袁博士从梦中醒来,希望能种植一种能养活

更多人的水稻。

Now,manyyearslater,DrYuanhasanotherdream:toexporthisricesot hatitcanbegrownaroundtheglobe.在很多年后的今天,袁博士还有另外一个梦想,那就是他的稻谷可以出口并长遍全球。Onedreamisnotalwaysenough,especiallyforapersonwholovesandca resforhispeople.一个梦想总是不够的,尤其对一个热爱和关心人民的人来说更是如此。

4.必修四Unit2CHEMICALORORGANICFARMING化学耕作还是有机耕作?

Overthepasthalfcentury,usingchemicalfertilizershasbecomever ycommoninfarming.在过去的半个世纪里,在耕作中使用化肥已经非常普遍。Manyfarmerswelcomedthemasagreatwaytostopcropdiseaseandincre aseproduction.很多农民喜欢使用化肥。把化肥作为防治农作物病虫害和提高产量的重要手段。

Recently,however,scientistshavebeenfindingthatlong-termuseo fthesefertilizerscancausedamagetothelandand,evenmoredangero us,topeople'shealth.然而,最近科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会造成土地受损,甚至更危险的是,会对人们的健康造成危害。Whataresomeoftheproblemscausedbychemicalfertilizers化肥带来的问题有哪些呢?

First,theydamagethelandbykillingthehelpfulbacteriaandpestsa

swellastheharmfulones.首先,化肥在杀死病菌和害虫的同时也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫,从而破坏土地。Chemicalsalsostayinthegroundandundergroundwaterforalongtime.化学物质还会在地里和地下水中保存很长时间,Thisaffectscropsand,therefore,animalsandhumans,sincechemica lsgetinsidethecropsandcannotjustbewashedoff.而这会影响到庄稼,进而影响到动物和人类,因为化学成分会进入到农作物中,并且不能被冲洗掉。Thesechemicalsinthefoodsupplybuildupinpeople'sbodiesovertim e.随着时间的推移,食物中的这些化学成分会在人体中堆积。Manyofthesechemicalscanleadtocancerorotherillnesses.很多化学成分能导致癌症或其他疾病。

Inaddition,fruit,vegetablesandotherfoodgrownwithchemicalfer tilizersusuallygrowtoofasttobefullofmuchnutrition.另外,施过化肥的水果、蔬菜和其他食物通常生长得过快而营养不足。Theymaylookbeautiful,butinsidethereisusuallymorewaterthanvi taminsandminerals.它们表面上很好看,但里面通常是含过多的水分,而不是维生素和矿物质。

Withthesediscoveries,somefarmersandmanycustomersarebeginnin gtoturntoorganicfarming.由于这些发现,一些农民和消费者开始转向有机耕作。Organicfarmingissimplyfarmingwithoutusinganychemicals.有机

耕作就是不用任何化学肥料的耕作。Theyfocusonkeepingtheirsoilrichandfreeofdisease.农民关心的是保持土壤肥沃并且免受病害。Ahealthysoilreducesdiseaseandhelpscropsgrowstrongandhealthy.健康的土壤会减少病虫害并且帮助农作物茁壮成长。Organicfarmers,therefore,oftenpreferusingnaturalwastefroman imalsasfertilizer.因此,有机耕作的农民通常喜欢把天然的动物粪便当作肥料。Theyfeelthatthismakesthesoilintheirfieldsricherinmineralsan dsomorefertile.他们认为这样会使地里的土壤更富含矿物质,因而也会更加肥沃,

Thisalsokeepstheair,soil,waterandcropsfreefromchemicals.同时还可以让空气、土壤、水以及农作物不受化学物质的污染。Organicfarmersalsousemanyothermethodstokeepthesoilfertile.有机耕作的农民也使用很多其他的方法来保持土地肥沃。Theyoftenchangethekindofcropineachfieldeveryfewyears,forexa mple,growingcornorwheatandthenthenextyearpeasorsoybeans.在同一块地里,他们经常每隔几年就换种农作物。例如,种玉米和小麦后来年再改种豌豆或大豆。Cropssuchaspeasorsoybeansputimportantmineralsbackintothesoi l,makingitreadyforcropssuchaswheatorcornthatneedrichandfert

ilesoil.像豌豆或大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤,从

而使之适宜于种植要求土地肥沃的农作物,比如玉米或小麦。Organicfarmersalsoplantcropstousedifferentlevelsofsoil,fore xample,plantingpeanutsthatusetheground'ssurfacefollowedbyve getablesthatputdowndeeproots.有机耕作的农民还种植多种农作物

来利用不同层次的土壤。比如,他们先种植生长于浅层土壤的花生,然后再种植生根于深层土壤的蔬菜。Someorganicfarmerspreferplantinggrassbetweencropstopreventw indorwaterfromcarryingawaythesoil,andthenleavingitinthegrou ndtobecomeanaturalfertilizerforthenextyear'scrop还有一些有

机耕作者喜欢在农作物之间种草,以防止水土流失,并且把草留在

地里,从而成为来年农作物的天然肥料。Thesemanydifferentorganicfarmingmethodshavethesamegoal:togr owgoodfoodandavoiddamagingtheenvironmentorpeople'shealth.这些不同的有机耕作的方法有着同样的目标:种植好的粮食,避免损

害环境或者人们的健康。

5.必修四Unit3AMASTEROFNONVERBALHUMOUR无声的幽默的大师AsVictorHugooncesaid,"Laughteristhesunthatdriveswinterfromt hehumanface",维克多·雨果曾经说过:―笑容如同阳光,驱散人们

脸上的阴

霾‖anduptonownobodyhasbeenabletodothisbetterthanCharlieCha

plin.关于这一点,直到今天也没有人比查理·卓别林做的更好。HebrightenedthelivesofAmericansandBritishthroughtwoworldwar sandthehardyearsinbetween.在两次世界大战及中间艰苦的岁月里,他给英国和美国人民带来了快乐。Hemadepeoplelaughatatimewhentheyfeltdepressed,sotheycouldfe elmorecontentwiththeirlives.在人们感到沮丧的时候,查理使人

们开怀大笑,于是他们对自己的生活感到更加满足。

NotthatCharlie'sownlifewaseasy!然而卓别林自己的生活也并不容易。

Hewasborninapoorfamilyin1889.Hisparentswerebothpoormusichal lperformers.他生于1889年,出身贫寒。他的父母都是杂耍戏院里

贫穷的演员。YoumayfinditastonishingthatCharliewastaughttosingassoonashe couldspeakanddanceassoonashecouldwalk.你可能会感到惊奇,查

理刚会说话时大人就教他唱歌,他刚会走路时大人就教他跳舞。Suchtrainingwascommoninactingfamiliesatthistime,especiallyw henthefamilyincomewasoftenuncertain.这样的训练在当时的演员

家庭中是很普遍的,尤其是在家庭收入经常不稳定的时候。Unfortunatelyhisfatherdied,leavingthefamilyevenworseoff,soC harliespenthischildhoodlookingafterhissickmotherandhisbroth er.不幸的是他的父亲去世了,使得他的家庭更加艰难,所以查理在

童年时期就要照顾生病的母亲和弟弟。

Byhisteens,Charliehad,throughhishumour,becomeoneofthemostpo pularchildactorsinEngland.在十多岁的时候,凭借着自己的幽默,查理已经在英国成为欢迎的童星之一。Hecouldmimeandactthefooldoingordinaryeverydaytasks.他能够不

说话而仅靠动作来模仿傻子做日常的任务。Noonewaseverboredwatchinghim-hissubtleactingmadeeverythinge ntertaining.看他的表演没有人会感到无聊——他巧妙的表演使得

一切都那么滑稽可笑。

Astimewentby,hebeganmakingfilms..随着时间的推移,他开始拍电影。

Hegrewmoreandmorepopularashischarmingcharacter,thelittletra mp,becameknownthroughouttheworld.他塑造的可爱的―小流浪汉‖

角色开始闻名于世,而查理越来越受欢迎。

Thetramp,apoor,homelessmanwithamoustache,worelargetrousers, worn-outshoesandasmallroundblackhat.Hewalkedaroundstillycar ryingawalkingstick.这个穷苦的无家可归的小流浪汉,留着小胡子,穿着大裤子、破鞋子,头顶着黑色的小圆帽。他手里拿着一根手杖

迈着僵硬的步伐四处走动。Thischaracterwasasocialfailurebutwaslovedforhisoptimismandd eterminationtoovercomealldifficulties.这个角色是个社会生活

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1.必修四Unit1A STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFE 非洲野生动物研究者 It is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National Park in East Africa. 清晨5点45分,太阳刚从东非的贡贝国家公园的上空升起,Following Jane's way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. 我们一行人准备按照简研究黑猩猩的方法去森林里拜访它们。Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. 简研究这些黑猩猩家族已经很多年了,她帮助人们了解黑猩猩跟人类的行为是多么的相似。Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. 我们当天的首项任务就是观察黑猩猩一家是如何醒来的。This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before. 这意味着我们要返回前一天晚上我们离开黑猩猩一家睡觉的大

树旁。Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off. 大家坐在树荫下等待着,这时候猩猩们睡醒了,准备离开。Then we follow as they wander into the forest. 然后这群黑猩猩向森林深处漫步而去,我们尾随其后。Most of the time, chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family. 在大部分时间里,黑猩猩或相互喂食,或彼此擦身,这在它们的家庭里是表示爱的方式。Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right. 简预先提醒我们,到下午的时候我们就会又脏又累。她说对了。However, the evening makes it all worthwhile. 不过到傍晚时分我们觉得这一切都是值得的。We watch the mother chimp and her babies play in the tree. Then we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night. 我们看到黑猩猩妈妈跟她的幼子们在树上玩耍,后来看见它们晚上一起回窝里睡觉了。We realize that the

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