不能承受的生命之轻
不能承受的生命之轻The Unbearable Lightness of Being
1、读这本书的原因
2、简介
3、读后感及解决了你的什么困惑（your feeling)
人永远都无法知道该要什么，因为人只能活一次，既不能拿它跟前世相比，也不能在来生加以修正。
只能活一次，就跟根本没有活一样。
People never know what they really want ，since you can only survive in one time，you can not compare the present with the previous time，and also can not revise more perfect in the future。
Only being in one time，like never comes into being the world
Premise
The Unbearable Lightness of Being takes place mainly in in the late 1960s and 1970s. It explores the artistic and intellectual life of Czech society during the Communist period, from the Prague Spring to the ’s and its aftermath. The main characters are Tomá?, a surgeon; his wife Tereza, a photographer anguished by her husband's infidelities; Tomá?’s lover Sabin a, a free-spirited artist; Franz, a Swiss university professor and lover of Sabina; and ?imon, Tomá?’ estranged son from an earlier marriage.
Plot
The Unbearable Lightness of Being introduces Czech brain surgeon Tomas (), a who is a successful medical doctor in Communist Czechoslovakia. His lover, Sabina (), is an equally care-free artist. One day, Dr Tomas leaves Prague to operate on a man in a . There, he meets the waitress Tereza (), who dreams of escaping her small town life. She follows him to Prague and cohabits with him, complicating Tomas's extra-domestic sexual affairs.
Tomas asks Sabina to help Tereza find work as a photographer. Tereza is fascinated and jealous as she grasps that Sabina and Tomas are lovers. Her distress about his is interrupted by the Soviet Army tanks invading Czechoslovakia. Amidst the confusion, Tereza photographs the Soviet invasion, then hands the rolls of film to foreigners to smuggle to the West. Facing the stultifying reality that replaced the Prague Spring, Tomas, Sabina, and Tereza flee Czechoslovakia for Switzerland; first Sabina, then the hesitant Tomas and Tereza.
In , Sabina meets Franz (), a married university professor; they begin a love affair. After some time, he decides to abandon his wife and family for her. After hearing the declaration, Sabina abandons Franz, feeling he would emotionally weigh her down. Meanwhile, Tereza and Tomas attempt to adapt to Switzerland, whose people Tereza finds inhospitable. When she discovers that Tomas continues womanizing, she leaves him and Switzerland, and returns to Czechoslovakia. Upset by her leaving, Tomas follows Tereza to Czechoslovakia, where his passport is confiscated, locking him in-country; nevertheless, his return elates Tereza. They are re-united.
In , Tomas tries recovering his old brain surgeon hospital job, but the Soviet-backed régime
consider him and prevent his re-employment. Before the invasion, Tomas wrote an article comparing the Soviets to ; noting that Oedipus plucked out his eyes upon understanding his crime, but that the autocracy could see everything but its crimes. The régime demands his signature to a letter repudiating the article. Tomas refuses, and is from practicing medicine; he works as a window washer, and continues womanizing.
Working as a waitress, Tereza meets an engineer who propositions her. Aware of Tomas's infidelity, she enters a one-time and unpleasant sexual liaison with the engineer. Remorseful, she fears the engineer might have been a secret agent for the régime, who might blackmail her and Tomas. She contemplates suicide, which Tomas thwarts.
Stressed by insubstantial city life, Tereza convinces Tomas to leave Prague for the country; they go to a village where an old patient of Tomas' welcomes them. In the village, they live a farm idyll, far from the political intrigues of Prague. In contrast, Sabina has gone to the US, where she continues in the detached style of life. Later, Sabina is shocked by the letter telling of the deaths of Tereza and Tomas in a road accident while returning after celebrating in another town. Their lightness no longer unbearable, Tereza and Tomas were deeply happy as they drove toward death.
不能承受的生命之轻》读后感
《不能承受的生命之轻》，初读此书时，我被书名中的“轻”字深深吸引住了，生命十分宝贵并且有限，为什么是“轻”而非“重”呢？带着满满的好奇心和忐忑不安的心情将此书看了一遍，却发现这是一部意象繁复的作品，字里行间闪烁着许多发人深省的“不解之词”，我的理解力很难渡过它艰难晦涩的语意之河。
这的确是一部值得反复读的作品，前提是你必须懂得它的价值何在。曾经把这本书借给4位同学，但他们无一例外的读到一半就读不下去还给我了，原因无非有二，一是由于年龄和历练的问题对书中肉体纠缠和背叛的部分无法接受，二是书中精彩的哲理思辨无法理解，所以无法继续阅读下去。但是这本书对于我，却是真切的有一种不可言喻的魔力，书不在我身边的日子，我总会莫名的想念托马斯和萨比娜，就像想念身在远方的亲友一样，在学校里，我也会经常像着了魔似的念叨着“Muss es sein?Es muss sein!”对了，这是贝多芬四重奏里的话，意思是“非如此不可？非如此不可！”
是的，非如此不可！生活中，我们常常会遇到许多难以抉择的问题，选择据理力争还是忍气吞声？选择打抱不平还是熟视无睹？每当我为选择游戏还是学习困扰的时候，我就会放下手中的一切做一次深呼吸，想象着彼岸花开的美景，然后不停地告诉自己“为了梦想，非如此不可！”在这种情况下，这本书的确帮了我不少忙，远离轻松选择刻苦，这不是自虐，是在迷茫中自己给自己力量，就像托马斯念着这句话离开医院去波西米亚找特雷莎并与之共度一生一样。
书中有一段这样的话：“人永远不知道自己该要什么，因为人只能活一次，既不能拿它和前世相比，也不能在来世加以修正，没有任何方法可以检验哪一种选择是正确的，因为任何比较都不存在。”这是托马斯最初对是否开始这段爱情的挣扎。
其实，我本人是不太赞同这句话的，诚然，人的生命只有一次，但是生命的旅途中相似的选择有太多太多，所以我们完全可以在过去失败的决定中吸取经验教训从而对下一次抉择展现出十足的信心，而对与错完全取决于你和你身边的人是否快乐。
“如果我们生命的每一秒钟得以无限重复，我们就会像耶稣被钉在十字架上一样被钉死在永恒上。这一想法是残酷的。在永恒轮回的世界里，一举一动都承受着不能承受的责任重负，这就是尼采说永恒轮回的想法是最沉重的负担的缘故吧。”作者米兰昆德拉在小说开
头的第一章，便以一个哲学家高深莫测的姿态，抛出了尼采的“永恒轮回说”，并以大段的哲理思辨使我不得不陷入关于重和轻的凝重思索。
小说主人公双双意外身亡的悲剧，不仅是他们所属的那个时代的悲剧，同时也是我们许多现代人的悲剧。或许，作者正是在托马斯他们的身上，寄托了自己对人生无限未知可能性的探索吧。当看到小说结尾，我已经不能轻松地微笑，一缕深切的悲凉从遥远的天际袭来。
正如作家所感慨的那样，生命的初次排练便已经是生命本身，生命永远是一张成不了画的草图！生命之画图是如此的潦草，还未来得及修正，也根本没有机会修正，就画完了匆匆的那一笔。当我意识到这一点的时候，我的脑海中忽然出现一个画面：十八岁的我站在岸边，和八十岁的自己说话，八十岁的“我”对十八岁的“我”说着些“生命可贵，三思而后行之类的话”。我之所以出现这个奇怪的念头大概是因为米兰对生命的探索让我猛然间变成了饱经沧桑的老人，其实，我还有很多事情没有去体验。也许生命一切的结果，无论暗淡还是辉煌，都不值得追悔或者赞叹，一切的抉择也没有什么正确和错误的区别，那只是一道生命的轨迹，因为对于我们所选择的道路，我们根本没有机会比较其优劣！而使我们必须这样走的理由，便是无数偶然表象下的必然，是你命中注定的“非如此不可”。“这非如此不可”是加载在我们身上的一道命运的符咒，那或许就是你最想要而不能得到的部分，是你内心真正的渴望。
每一次重新与《不能承受的生命之轻》亲密接触，都好像是又认识了一位新朋友，每一次阅读都会有新的领悟，我知道，当我慢慢长大，经历了所有酸甜苦辣悲欢离合之后再去品味它，一切都将是云淡风轻，尘埃落定。
你知道的，非如此不可。
英文版：
"Unbearable Lightness of Being" by Milan Kundera
Tereza and Tomas, Tomas and Sabina, Sabina and Franz, Franz and Marie-Claude--four people, four relationships. Milan Kundera's masterful novel, The Unbearable Lightness of Being (1984), tells the interlocking stories of these four relationships, with a primary focus on Tomas, a man torn between his love for Tereza, his wife, and his incorrigible "erotic adventures," particularly his long-time affair with the internationally noted painter, Sabina. The world of Kundera's novel is one in which lives are shaped by irrevocable choices and fortuitous events. It is a world in which, because everything occurs only once and then disappears into the past, existence seems to lose its substance and weight. Coping with both the consequences of their own actions and desires and the intruding demands of society and the state, Kundera's characters struggle to construct lives of individual value and lasting meaning.
A novel of ideas, a provocative look at the ways in which history impinges on individual lives, and a meditation on personal identity, The Unbearable Lightness of Being examines the imperfect possibilities of adult love and the ways in which free choice and necessity shape our lives. "What then shall we choose?" Kundera asks at the beginning of his novel. "Weight or lightness?" This international bestseller is his attempt to answer that question. And the answer is hinted at in the novel's final scene, in which Tomas and Tereza find themselves in a small country hotel after a rare evening of dancing. When Tomas turns on the light in
their room, "a large nocturnal butterfly" rises from the bedside lamp and circles the room in which they are alone with their happiness and their sadness.
中文版：
Tereza and Tomas, Tomas and Sabina, Sabina and Franz, Franz and Marie-Claude这四个人之间分别有着四种不同类型的关系，米兰昆德桑这部杠鼎之作就是讲了这四种关系之间的连串的故事。其中米兰主要是着眼于托马斯，一个在他妻子tereza和Sabina之间不断徘徊的男人。Sabina是一位国际知名的画家，而Tomas一直长期和她沉浸于不可救药的“性欢历险”中。
在昆德拉的小说世界里，每个生命的都是在数不清的必须选择和偶然发生二者共同努力下共同塑造的。而且因为所有的事情都只发生一次，并且会永远的寄存在历史的长河里，所以在它的小说的世界里存在好像显得失去了它（存在）本身的客观性和应有的“重量”。
昆德拉的主人公们在应付他们理想与实际现实之间的差距还有社会和国家的大环境中，挣扎的构建生命的独立价值，想要使自己的生命有着持久的意义。
一部以一种挑战的眼光对待历史对个体生命的冲击和沉思着个人定义的小说，《不能承受的生命之轻》，盘问着男女之爱存在着的漏洞和自由选择还有必需要做这二者怎样共同塑造我们生命。“那么到底该选择什么呢？”昆德拉在小说一开始的时候就把这个问题摆了出来，“是轻还是重？”这部世界上最畅销的小说就是他试图回答这个问题的答案。而昆德拉暗示这个答案就在最后一幕， Tomas和Tereza终于在一个小乡村旅店里经过一夜的狂舞后找回了他们自己。就当Tomas关掉了房间的灯，一个大的蝴蝶让灯光一惊，飞离灯罩，在房间里盘旋，陪伴Tomas和Tereza的是他们自己的快乐和忧伤。