学术英语理工类abstrcat 1,3,5,6,8,9,11,15,18

Computer vulnerabilities are often utilized by hackers or crackers. The security of each computer is challenging. This paper firstly redefines the term “hacker”, “cracker” and “getting inside” the computers and describes the pro cedure in detail. The term “unauthorized user” (UU) will be a better choice for defining the insider group. The known and unknown vulnerabilities will be taken advantage of by UUs ranging from poor password protection to leaving a computer turned on and physically accessible to visitors in the office. The first step of employing technical exploits will be the determination of the specifications of the target system. There are two ways of attacking including being through capabilities inherent in hypertext transfer protocol (http) and being preprogrammed against specific vulnerabilities and launched without any specific target. The variability of hacking action including the weak system and the strong system warns the users to choose the right way to protect the computer and do not authorize the computer to others easily. Lastly, the solution of avoiding vulnerabilities has been given, including updating patches, making complex passwords, getting information only from the reliable websites or services, updating anti-virus software and backing up the data to protect the computer not being hacked.

This article aims to account for the advantages of cloud computering.At the begin of this article,it states what cloud computing is and the overall feature of cloud computering.Then the author lists all kinds of the cloud computering in order to reflect the virtue of it:the most basic ones being remote accessibility,lower costs,and quick re-provisions.At the section of Green computeing,it talks about energy efficient usage of computering resources which is an important advantage of the cloud computering.To draw a conclusion,the cloud computering combines remote accessibility,easy expansion,security and environmentally friendly into one,it is making changes to the whole world.

With the development of social and technology, Artificial intelligence may replace human jobs in the future. There are a lot of news that reported artificial intelligence has play a important role in our life. For decades. People wrote about how machines replace humans. It will be better or ill. But all expected did not come. Around the time of the Revolution. Most of Americans worked in the farm. They farmed to keep themselves alive. With the development of traffic. Farming increasingly became a cash business. But as the agricultural industry grew, there are fewer and fewer workers who worked at farming and ranching. Today agricultural provides fewer than two million jobs. Because of automation happened. It bring better plows, planting and sowing machines. Agricultural become more and more scientific. The farmers’ children found new kinds of jobs in the city, they do not like stay on the farm. The early water-and-steam-powered factories also displace millions of craftsmen, because machine-handing factory workers made the goods better than the goods made by craftsmen. So that the number of factory jobs growing rapidly at that time. The automation of farming, craft work and manufacturing made products. Among them, food become cheaper and cheaper, so people can save money from food, then spend money on other expensive goods. Will A.I. machines take over the best occupations? The author is optimist and may not agree that machines will replace

human jobs.

Text 6

The article gives detailed explanation for game theory.Firstly the author states the research object of the game theory.Recent research has focused on games that are neither

zero-sum nor purely cooperative,but the games in which palyers must make choice allow for both competition and cooperation.

The essence of a game is the interdependence of player strategies.Some games can be "solved" completely like tic-tac-toe,while others such as chess are too complex to perform in practice.A game with simultaneous moves involves a logical circle is squared using a concept of equilibrium developed by John Nash,but this notion remains an incomplete solution to the problem of circular reasoning in simultaneous-move games.

Then the author gives several examples including the prisoners' dilemma,mixing moves,strategic moves,bargaining,concealing and revealing information to illustrate some of the fundamentals of game theory.

Though game theory has made some progress in solving several situations of conflict and cooperation recently,it remains far from complete and people still need to try more about the design of successful strategy.

Text 8

At the begin of this article,it states that there are unprecedented multidisciplinary convergence scientists dedicated to the study of a world so small that we can’t see it—even with a light microscope and tells us the important of nanotechnology.Then in order to understand the unusual world of nanotechnology ,we need to get an idea of the units of measure involved.The long of one nanometer is so small.When we measure the atomic scale,we can find that it ’s still small compare to the nannmeter.But in a lecture called “Small Wonders:The World of Nanoscience”,Nobel Prize winner Dr.Horst Stormer said that the nanoscale is more interstesting than the atomic scale because the nanoscale is the first point where we can assemble something—it’s not until we start putting atoms together that we can make anything useful.Then the article states that some predictions of nanotechnology such as the use of the rule of quantum mechanics,nanorobot.It nanotechnology in future.

Text 11

The principal risks associated with nuclear power arise from health effects of radiation.The radiation mainly comes form the radioactive material.They can penetrate deep inside the human body where they can damage biological cells and thereby initiate a cancer. If they strike sex cells, they can cause genetic diseases in progeny.But the rate of the latter is far less than the former. Reactor accidents is also one of the risk of nuclear power.But the nuclear power plant design strategy for preventing accidents ,back-up system and mitigating their potential effects is “defence in depth”, so they happen probabili ty is exceedingly small. If they all fails,very high radiation doses can destroy body functions and lead to death within 60 days.The radioactive waste products from the nuclear industry must be isolated from contact with

people for very long time periods. The bulk of the radioactivity is contained in the spent fuel, which is quite small in volume and therefore easily handled with great care. At other radiation problems，for example, exploitation of materials and transport of radioactive materials also produce radiation.The effects of routine releases of radioactivity from nuclear plants depend somewhat on how the spent fuel is handled.

Text 15

Genetically modified food caused a fierce debate in the modern society, especially in long agrarian tradition and vocal green lobbies in the country。

In fact, genetically modified food has become very much a part of our lives, the transgenic biological technology can not only improve the total agricultural output increased by 25%, and help the losses prevent the crops after the harvest,but also can improve the nutritional value of the food, to alleviate malnutrition problem in the world, the use of biological technology can also improve farming productivity in places where food shortages are caused by crop damage attribution to pests, drought, poor soil and crop viruses, bacteria or fungi.

Although it has so much potential, biological technology can not solve all the problems, biotech cannot overcome the challenge of distributing food in developing countries, many transgenic products may be too expensive not where it is most needed.

Now More and more biotech research is being carried out in developing countries.But to increase the impact of genetic research on the food production of those countries, there is a need for better collaboration between government agencies

Text 18

Marijuana is a drug of controversy in medical history. Whether its ultimate effects are harmful, harmless or beneficial to human functioning remains to be investigated. This paper focuses on the study of the physical effects of Marijuana uses. Based on previous research, the study divided the physical effects of marijuana use into the short-term effects and long-term ones, according to its frequency, duration and intensity of physical symptoms. The studies indicated that an increase of pulse rate and changes in blood sugar pressures are two remarkable signs of short-term effects together with the symptoms of nausea, vomiting, headache and so on. It was also found that the chronic use of marijuana may weaken one’s immune system and interf ere with DNA production in terms of long-term effects.

学术英语理工类文献综述英文

学术英语 学院名称：材料科学与工程学院学生姓名：张庆飞 学号：7301013016 专业班级：新能源材料与器件131 2015年 6月16 日

The current development of genetically modified crops of China and its safety issues Zhang Qingfei (College of materials science and engineering, Nanchang University, 10001) Abstracts: GM technology as a new, highly efficient genetically modified technology, already widely used in the cultivation of new varieties of field crops. China's transgenic technology started earlier, China's current GM technology level in the forefront of the world, especially made great achievements in the cultivation of new varieties of crops. In this paper, the status quo using gene transfer on Chinese agriculture and safety of transgenic technology are introduced, and the resolve of GM safety issues some thought. On this basis, I made some new ideas of transgenic technology and application of transgenic technology development prospects were discussed. Keywords: GM technology; GM crops; GM safety issues; China Introduction: As the core of the biotechnology giant leap .Transgenic technology is known as the second "green revolution." In 1983, the world's first strain of transgenic tobacco plants marks the arrival of the era of gene transfer plants. In the ensuing decades, genetically modified crops developed rapidly. In 2014, there are 28 countries in the world planted GM crops, the planting area has reached more than 180 million hectares, Chinese genetically modified crops planting area is 3.6 million hectares. With the widespread planting of genetically modified crops, the impact of transgenic technology in agriculture is growing. As the research of GM crops, China has made great achievements in the research of rice and cotton. The development of anything will not be smooth. With the development of GM technology, its security deposit issues also be exposed. The safety of genetically modified crops has been disputed by people, opponents argue that GM crops have great potential risk, it should be resisted. What is more, some people exaggerate the risk of genetically modified crops. Aroused people's fear of genetically modified. In this paper, the people of GM crops concerns, the status of the development of GM crops were elaborated. Besides, security problems of genetically modified crops and their solutions will be discussed. The current development of genetically modified crops in china GM refers to the Technology that use molecular biology method to transfer the artificial separation and some modified biological gene to other species and change the genetic characteristics of the species .Plant transgenic technology is the genetic transformation of plants, making plants to meet human needs in aspects of shape, nutrition and consumer quality. China's biotech crop improvement research began in the 1980s, during the past 30 years, Chinese agricultural and biological high-tech has been developing rapidly. At present, China's hybrid rice, cotton and other advanced in the world. GM technology Applied on cotton, rice and other crops on behalf of China's development status of GM crops. As a cotton producing countries, the industrialization of Chinese insect-resistant cotton has brought huge economic and ecological benefits to Chinese

九年级英语第10-15单元课本翻译

第十单元 SECTION A 1a我正在洗淋浴！ 1b当我起床时，我哥哥已经在淋浴了。当我出来时，公共汽车已经离开了。当我到学校时，我意识到我把背包放家里了。 1c发生了什么事？我睡过头了。当我起来时，我哥哥已经在淋浴了。 2b到家时，我意识到我把钥匙忘在背包里了。在我回到学校的那个时候，铃响了。在我走进教室的那个时候，老师已经开始讲课了。 Grammar Focus在她起床的那个时候，她哥哥已经进入了浴室。在她出去那个时候，公共汽车已经离开了。在她到教室的那个时候，老师已经开始讲课了。在她到学校的那个时候，她意识到她把背包忘在家里了。 3a我从未上学迟到过，但是昨天我差点迟到了。我的闹钟没有响，并且当我起来的时候，我的爸爸已经进入浴室了并且我不得不等他出来。我不得不抓紧时间，我迅速洗了个淋浴，吃了一些早点，然后向车站跑去。不幸的是，当我到达那里时，汽车已经开走了。我开始步行，但是我知道我不能按时到学校了。幸运的是,我的朋友托尼和他爸爸开着车过来并且他们让我搭了便车。当我到达学校时,最后一遍铃声正在响。我刚好赶上上课。. 3b你曾经睡过头吗？你曾经上学迟到过吗？你曾经忘记把作业本带到学校过吗？你曾经把钥匙锁在屋里过吗？你曾经忘记过一位亲戚的生日吗？你曾经忘记过与一位医生或者牙医的约会吗？ 3c你上学迟到过吗？是的，我迟到过。你为什么迟到了？公共汽车出故障了。你的老师做了什么？ SECTION B 1a愚弄，欺骗邀请成套服装尴尬发出声响起床穿衣服空的，倒空出席；露面认识到变化画，改变钟表精疲力竭的不睡觉，熬夜名词（人物，地点，事物）动词（动作词汇）形容词（描述性词汇） 1b上个星期五晚上，我朋友邀请我参加他的生日聚会。星期六，我起床晚了，并且…… 2b化妆晚会我的闹铃响了整晚不睡觉精疲力竭的相当尴尬的其他孩子出现了 2c在愚人节那天你，戴夫发生了什么事情？噢，一个朋友邀请他去参加一个化妆晚会……3a在1938年，一个由演员奥森·韦尔斯播报的电台节目宣布，来自火星的外星人已经在地球登陆了。他描述了外星人是在什么地方登陆，并告诉听众们外星人是怎样移动到美国的每个角落。韦尔斯是如此的令人信服，以至于数百人听信了这个故事，并且引起了整个国家的恐慌的。当一家权威机构揭露说这个故事是个谎言时，已有上千人逃离了他们的家。 有一年愚人节当天，一个英格兰的记者宣布世界上不再会有意大利面条了因为在意大利生产意大利小麦的农民已经停止种植意大利小麦了。许多人都急忙跑去当地超市买足够多的意大利面条。当人们意识到报道是个谎言时，这个国家所有的意大利面已经销售一空了。 一个著名电视明星曾经邀请他的女朋友在愚人节那天参加他的节目秀。他向她求婚。他的女朋友十分感动，因为她真的想结婚。然而，当她说“好”的时候，他答复道：“愚人节快乐！”这个小小的玩笑并没有一个很好的结局。这个电视明星既丢了女朋友又失去了他的节目。 4 你的笑话是什么？噢，去年，在开学的第一天，我姐姐在我的后背上贴了一张纸条，上面写着：“请说你好。”在学校的一整天…… SELF CHECK

新编英语教程第3册(李观仪主编)第五单元课后练习答案_

第五单元练习册答案 TEX TⅠ Comprehension A. Give an exact reference as evidence that each of the following statements is wrong. (P63) 1. The 2nd paragraph is totally devoted to explaining why the author has not got a home phone. He also explains why he doesn’t like to use a public telephone box. 2. When the writer writes that he does not like the telephone, he means only home and office phones. He doesn’t like public telephones, either. He thinks that using a public phone box is a horrible thing to do. 3. In the 3rd paragraph the writer seems to indicate that usually people don’t answer the telephone when they are busy with something else. He says no matter how busy anyone is or what he is doing, he will try to answer the telephone because he thinks there may be some important news or message for him. 4. In the 5th paragraph the writer claims that it is convenient to have one’s number listed in the telephone directory. He thinks it unwise for anyone to have his name and telephone number printed in the telephone directory. 5. In the 5th paragraph the writer implies that Shakespeare, the Bible and the telephone directory can be found anywhere. He indicates that a telephone directory can be found in more places than Shakespeare or the Bible. 6. In the 6th paragraph the writer suggests that one needs a telephone in case of emergency. He says that even in case of emergency it is not necessary to have a telephone, because in England one is seldom far from a telephone. B. Explain the following in your own words. (P64) 1. ... or pose as unusual. ... or pretend to be uncommon / out of the ordinary. 2. ... flavored with cheap face-powder and chain-smoking ... ... filled with the odour of women’s low quality face-powder and the smell left behind by the ceaseless smoking of cigarettes ... 3. Are you strong-minded enough to …? Do you have enough strong will power to ...? 4. …, only to be told that …? ..., then you are just told that ...? 5. “The truth will out.” No matter how hard you try to hide it, people will learn the facts sooner or later. 6. a book more in evidence than Shakespeare or the Bible … a book which can be seen in more places than Shakespeare or the Bible ... 7. … to escape from some idle or inquisitive chatterbox, or somebody who wants something for nothing …

学术英语理工类教师用书 细则

学术英语理工类平时分细则 序 号 比率细目内容备注 1 10% 考勤+平时表现学生考勤，课堂表现，作业情 况等教学过程中注重terminology 的学习，课本中的术语主要集中在每个text的“term and notes”部分和每个单元 enhance your academic language”部分中的“target words”,.术语的学习情况将在期末考试中体现。 2 15% 阶段考核摘要（abstract)写作， 文献综述（literature review )英 语写作Abstract: 1.200~250字； 2.基于前三单元其中任一篇TEXT； 3.按照教师讲授的标准格式；（Arial, 小四） 4.配予中文翻译； 5.打印上交批改并归档 6.抄袭舞弊不计成绩Literature Review: 1.400字左右；（课本上第四单元主题） 2.主题（参加说明.-主题1） 3.基于前四单元的学习内容 4.打印上交批改并归档 5.抄袭舞弊不计成绩 另： 1.期末考试将任选其中一种 2.期末Abstract的写作原文出自本教材中的19篇text 的其中一篇 3.期末Review的写作要求和内容和平时一样，但闭卷考试。 3 15% 演示科研成果Oral presentation 1.时间安排参照进度表 2.1～2人一组 3.基于本教材所授技能 4.主题（参见说明-主题1） 5.每位学生陈述时间至少3 分钟 6.不接受单纯读稿 7.每位学生单独得分

合计40% 说明： 1.主题： 1.1五大主题：cloud computing, climate change, genetically modified foods, nuclear radiation, nanotechnology .相关的subtopics 1.2 自选主题，但必须由课任老师审核通过 1.3 Review 的specific topic 尽早确定后，根据所学技能，进行相关信息搜索，整理成文。 2.期末考试完整题型后期会通知 3.期末考试已确定题型参加上表的“另” 4.Review的写作内容和oral presentation的内容可以保持连贯性 5.Oral presentation 要求每位学生陈述时间不少于3分钟，班级人少，时间充裕的班级，教师可视具体情况调整学生陈述时间长度。

人教版九年级英语上册第1-5单元复习重点

九年级英语上册第1-5单元复习要点 一、短语。 1. by making flashcards 通过做单词抽认卡 2. ask…for help向某人求助 3. read aloud 朗读 4. that way (=in that way) 通过那种方式 5. improve my speaking skills 提高我的会话技巧 6. for example 例如 7. have fun doing sth 玩得高兴8.have conversations with friends 与朋友对话 9. get excited about为…高兴，激动 10.end up speaking in Chinese 以说汉语结束对话 11.do a survey about…做有关…的调查12.keep an English notebook 记英语笔记 13.spoken English (= oral English) 英语口语14.make mistakes in sth 在… 犯错误 15.get the pronunciation right 使发音准确16.practise speaking English练习说英语 17.first of all 首先18.begin with 以…开始https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0d2349305.html,ter on 随后 20.in class 在课堂上https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0d2349305.html,ugh at 嘲笑22.take notes 记笔记 23.enjoy doing 喜欢干…24.write down 写下，记下 25.look up (v + adv) 查找，查询26.native speakers 说本族话的人 27.make up 编造，虚构，化妆，打扮28.around the world 全世界 29.deal with对待，处理，解决30.worry about (be worried about) 担心，担忧 31.be angry with 生某人的气32.stay angry 生气33.go by 消逝 34. regard…as…把…当做…https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0d2349305.html,plain about/of 抱怨 36. with the help of 在…的帮助下https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0d2349305.html,pare…to (with)… 把…和…作比较 38.think of (think about) 想起，想到41.not…at a ll 根本不，全然不 39.physical problems 身体上的问题40.break off 中断，突然终止 42.make complete sentences 做完整的句子 43.join 加入某团体并成为其中一员；join in与take part in指参加到某项活动中去。 44.be afraid of 害怕be afraid to 害怕45.have trouble in doing sth 做..有困难 46.study for a te 为考试用功47. make vocabulary lists 做单词表 48. too …to…太…而以致于不能做49.watch English-language TV 看英语电视 50. to begin with首先51.take a lot of grammar notes 记大量的语法笔记 52.look up the words in a dictionary 查字（词）典53.this kind of paper 这种纸 54.spend …on … 在…上花费（时间、金钱） 55.speak English as a second language 把英语当做第二语言来说 56.give up 放弃57.in the future 在将来 二、句型。 1. How do you study for a test? 你怎样为考试做准备？ 2. I have learned a lot that way. 用那种方法，我已经学到了很多东西。 3. It’s too hard to understand the voice. 听懂那些声音太难了。 4. Memorizing the words of pop songs also helped a little.记流行歌曲的词也起作用。 5. Wei Ming feels differently. 卫明有不同的感受。 6.He finds watching movies frustrating. 他觉得看电影让人感到沮丧. 7. She added that having conversations with friends was not helpful at all. 她又说和朋友对话根本没用。 8.I don’t have a partner to practice English with. 我没有搭档一起练习英语。 9. Later on, I realized that it doesn’t matter if you don’t understand every word.随后，我认识到听不懂每个词并没有关系。 10.It’s amazing how much this helped.我惊异于这些方法竟如此有用。

新编英语教程6(_1---11单元译文)

第二单元推迟的艺术 "今天能做的事情决不要推到明天。”切斯特菲尔德伯爵在1794年劝告儿子时说道，但是这位文雅的伯爵却从没有抽出时间来完成与孩子母亲的婚礼，也没有戒除让约翰逊博士此类名人在接待室久候的坏习惯，这足以证明，即使是有心人，也绝非毫无拖延，罗马的一位大将军昆塔斯费边马克西姆斯为了赢得尽可能多的喘息机会，推迟战斗时间，被冠以“拖延者”。摩西为了使自己向法老传递耶和华法令过程中的犹豫合理化，颓唐语言有缺陷，当然，哈姆雷特把延迟上升为一种艺术形式。 世界上的人基本上可以分成均匀的两半：拖延者和马上行动者。有些人二月份就准备好了个人所得税，预先偿还抵押借款，在常人难以忍受的6点半钟准时吃饭，而另外一些人则乐于在9点或10点钟时吃些剩菜剩饭，错放帐单和文件以期延长缴税的期限。他们非要等到警告声变成恐吓声才肯去支付信用卡的帐单。就象浮士德所遭遇的那样，他们推迟去理发店，看牙医或医生。 尽管延误会带来诸多不便，但延迟经常可以激发和唤醒具有创新意识的灵魂。写下许多成功小说和剧本的作家琼克尔说到，她要把厨房每个汤罐头和酱瓶子上的标签看上一遍后，才能安心坐在打字机旁。许多作家都关注着他们任务之外的大小琐事，譬如关注在缅因州法国人海湾和巴尔海港进行的海岸和土地测量，其中的地名，如古今斯暗礁、不伦特池塘、海鸥小山、伯恩特豪猪、朗豪猪、希波豪猪以及鲍尔德豪猪岛，都激起了他们的想象。

从“拖延者”年代到当今世纪，推迟的艺术实际上被军事（“赶快和等一下”）、外交和法律垄断了。在过去的年代里，英国殖民地总督可以手中拿着杯酒，安逸的思考民族叛乱的形势，他应该庆幸没有电传和打印机在一旁喋喋不休地传递着命令，一会儿是增加机关枪啊一会儿又是增派军队啊。直到二战时，美国将军还可以和敌方将军达成协议，休一天运动假，去掠夺村民的鸡和酒，明日再战。律师是世界上最上瘾的延误者。据一个来自贝弗利山的，号称从不拖延的推销员弗兰克.内森叙说，“没有留下遗嘱就去世的律师数不胜数。” 无志者，事也成。当然，慢性拖延和刻意拖延是有差别的，特别是在高层商业中。美国银行集团总裁理查德·曼德巴赫说，企业动态学鼓励谨慎行事，由此滋生了延迟。他提到，快速行动往往会进入尴尬的局面和付出沉重的代价，数据爆炸刺激了一些懒惰的人以此为借口——另一个报告等着读，另一个权威等着咨询。曼德巴赫说：“数据的充足和泛滥之间总有条微妙的分界线。” 他的观点广为接受。官僚化在政府负担日益加重和社会形势的日益复杂的温室中滋长。它旨在用条文主义、妥协和重新评估来包庇政策制定者——以此防止做出草率决定。水门事件时期的政府所表现出来的中央集权化已经蔓延至经济机构等等广阔的领域，使得拖延成为世界范围的一种生活方式。有关推迟的短语星罗棋布在各种语言中——从西班牙的manana（在将来某个不确定时间）到阿拉伯的bukrafilmishimash(字面意思是“明天的杏树”，其含义是“等到花儿也开了”。) 学术界也很尊崇拖延。南加利福尼亚大学社会学家伯纳德*斯克拉每天辛辛苦苦才写出三至五页的东西来。他坦称：“我很多朋友对着白纸是都感到很痛苦。我们有很多合理的理由;教学压力，家庭责任，查看新书，搜索注脚。” 心理学叫坚决认为女人是最坚持不懈的迟延者，虽然很多心理学家（每小时加收50美金）本人就非常拖拉。拉尔夫*格林森博士是加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校的临床精神病疗法的教授（他曾是玛丽莲*梦露的精神病医师），看待延迟时比较温和。他说：“很多人都在回避，逃避，拖延揭露真相的那一刻，直到最迟的极限为此。”但是佐治亚州心理学家乔恩*费根认为，迟延是潜意识用来区分事情重要性级别的一种方式。“当我拖延时，一般总是存在着某种缘由。”费根说，“我能感觉到它，但是我也说不出个之所以然。” 事实上，迟延有着悠久而光荣的历史，它意味着如果推迟些许时间，许多主意和决定就有可能得到改善，推迟做决定本身就是一个决定，这不无道理。议会过程的实质就是一个迟延和慎重的体系。就此而论，名画，乐章，书籍或者布兰西姆府邸的建筑物也是如此。布兰西姆府邸耗用了马尔伯勒公爵的建筑师及工人们15年的时间才建成。在这个过程中，设计可能不断成熟及完善。确实，仓促会葬送了雅致。《时之剑》的作者T*H*怀特曾写道，时间“并不是注定要一小时一小时，或者一天一天的耗费掉，而是应该细腻地、缓慢地、从容地品尝一番。”换句话说，我们应该这样说：今天不必要做的事，无论如何要推到明天来完成。 第三单元墙壁与障碍 我父亲立即对位于纽约市第43大街和第5大道交汇处的银行大楼作出了明确反应。“你不会看见我把钱存在那的！”他断言，“不会存在那个玻璃箱子里的！” 我的父亲当然是一名守旧的绅士，对他们那代人来说，大量现代的建筑都会让人身心交疲。但是我怀疑—我不只是怀疑，我确信—他之所以会做出消极反应，与其说是因为建筑物，倒不如说是人们侵犯了他对金钱本质的看法。 他们那一代人把金钱看成是像金条、钞票和硬币这样有形的物品，可以拿起，可以携带，也可以被人偷走。因此，为了吸引明智的人经常存钱，银行必须要建有厚重的墙壁、装了栅栏的窗户和青铜制成的大门，以便证明金钱存在银行里面是安全的的这一情况，而不管这个情况是多么不真实。如果一座大楼的设计在表面上看起来固若金汤，那么这一机构必然安全，厚重的墙壁作为一种建筑象征，其意义就在于它表示了人们对金钱的普遍态度，而不在于它在美学理论上展现出来的美感。 但是那样一种看待金钱的态度当然已经改变了，除了零用钱之外，人们现在几乎不用任何形式的现金。金钱作为一种有形物品在很大程度上被信用这种簿记银行业务的东西代替了。巨大的扩展伴随着经济赤字，让我们认为金钱是创造性想象的产物。银行家不再为我们提供一种服务，其中最为重要的东西就是干劲和发明巨大数目的创造力。考虑到他们态度上的这一改变。我们正在见证拥有厚重墙壁的银行小时也就根本不足为奇了。我父亲非常不信任制造商信托银行，因为它是一个巨大的立方体玻璃笼子。虽然其内部灯火通明，甚至可与朗朗晴日相媲美，但是它根本就没有把其通往金库的门道隔离起来，也没有派人把守，相反却把它装饰成了一个展示的橱窗。 就像先前的银行断言自己牢不可破一样，这家银行也以其建筑具有想象力而感到自豪。从这一点来说，人们很难说清楚建筑在什么地方结束，人类的断言在什么地方开始。事实上，两者没有这样的分界线，它们合二为一，是相同的。 新的建筑批判主义把建筑理解成为表达人类态度、偏见、禁忌和想法的一种媒介。这正是它与古典美学的不同之处。后者依赖纯粹的比例和布局等这些因素来作为其艺术判断的基础，在一个社会和心理学的时代，墙壁已不仅仅是墙壁，

理工学术英语literature review

2015-2016学年第二学期学术英语理工类期中考试 班级:材料成型及控制工程145班学号：5901214047姓名：朱亿成绩: Computer Security The two following articles are on the security of computer.The first one was in the view of hackers,which was talking about the ways to utilize computer vulnerabilities. The first paper firstly redefines the term “hacker”, “cracker” and “getting inside” the computers and describes the procedure in detail. The term “unauthorized user” (UU) will be a better choice for defining the insider group. The known and unknown vulnerabilities will be taken advantage of by UUs ranging from poor password protection to leaving a computer turned on and physically accessible to visitors in the office. The first step of employing technical exploits will be the determination of the specifications of the target system. There are two ways of attacking including being through capabilities inherent in hypertext transfer protocol (http) and being preprogrammed against specific vulnerabilities and launched without any specific target.(Julie,2004) The variability of hacking action including the weak system and the strong system warns the users to choose the right way to protect the computer and do not authorize the computer to others easily. Lastly, the solution of avoiding vulnerabilities has been given, including updating patches, making complex passwords, getting information only from the reliable websites or services, updating anti-virus software and backing up the data to protect the computer not being hacked. Then,the second work was like a supplement to the first article.which involved getting imformaton only from the reliable websites,which was refered in the second article.Always,people are not to know how to use computer safely, update patches, make complex passwords, get information from the reliable websites or services, updae anti-virus software and back up the data to protect the computer not being hacked.So,this article would play a pivotal role in the aspect of computer security.It was a websites guide leading to the security imformation and service for acounts.This guide is intended to present a selected list of sites that cover the basic issues of computer security and which provide useful information for the non-expert (librarian, undergraduate student, office manager, etc.) who wants to learn more about this increasingly important subject. The categories are intended to offer points of departure for some of the many aspects

最新人教版九年级英语第十五单元检测题(含答案)知识分享

一、单选（15分） （）1.Mrs Green said everything went well . A. that B. this C. these D. those （）2. Have you finished the book ? A. read B. to read C. reading D. reads （）3（）. They wanted to know with his nose . A. What is wrong B. What wrong is C. happy D. more happy （）4. Last Sunday, children played in the park. A. happy B. happier C. happily D. more happy （）5. They should keep in the reading---room. A. quiet B. quietly C. quite D. quickly （）6. It is important paper to save the trees. A. recycle B. to recycle C. recycled D. recycling （）7. I couldn’t believe I saw. A. who B. how C. what D. when （）8. Their classroom every day. A. was cleaned B. is cleaned C. is cleaning D. clean （）9. This pair of socks is made nylon. A. of B. by C. from D. in （）10. When your hometown , you may watch TV. A. is done B. are done C. have done D. will be done （）11. ---Will it be fine this afternoon? --- I think _____________. A. it B. that C.so D. this （）12. You look so tired, you’d better ______________. A. stops working B. stop to work C. stop working D. stops to work （）13. Ann is my pen---friend. I always ___________ her. A. hear B. receive C. hear from D. hear to （）14. The stamp is used __________ letters. A. for send B. to sending C. send D. hear to （）15. That star __________ by a Chinese hundreds of years ago.

学术英语(理工)literature review

Is the cloud computing perfect now? Cloud computing, or the cloud, is a colloquial expression used to describe a variety of different types of computing concepts that involve a large number of computers connected through a real-time communication network such as the Internet. And with various terminals developing fast, the durative, massive and intricate computing related to these terminals really become urgent problems. And for the present, cloud computing is a solution. But if we allow the cloud computing to contact with our private information, is it secure enough? And in which field can we improve the security? In the Security Benefits of Cloud Computing, Felician Aleca introduced the cloud computing and analyze its extensive application in the Internet field. It clarified many advantages of the cloud computing. In addition, it also introduced some major security benefits for individuals or companies which are provided by the cloud computing. But nearly every Internet technique will produce some latent vulnerability. In an essay about computer hacker, How Do Computer Hackers “Get Inside”a Computer?, by Julie J. C. H. Ryan, it introduced the various ways that hackers use to invade into computer. And there are three major patterns of these ways, which are gaining access to the stored contents of a computer system, gaining access to the processing capabilities of system, or capturing information being communicated between systems (J.C.H.Ryan,2004). And in the end, it reminds the importance of protecting our computer. As we all known, the personal terminals always store many private information, and the cloud store the users’ data on the Internet servers , in this way, it will cause large-scale information leakage once the hackers invade to these servers online. In fact, we are becoming more vulnerable while we enjoy the benefit of centralized processing by cloud computing. So how to improve the security of the users’ data stored in the cloud is real ly worth studying. Reference Julie J. C. H. Ryan. How Do Computer Hackers “Get Inside” a Computer?. Scientific American, August 16, 2004.