2000-2008年同济大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】

江南大学考博英语历年考题汇总附答案

Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) Directions:There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage: When Kathie Gifford ’s face was splashed across the newspapers in 1996 after her lucrative line of Wal mart clothing was exposed as the work of underpaid laborers in New York City ’s Chinatown, the Department of Labor and the White House teamed up to condemn such practices. With much fanfare, President Clinton’s administration launched the “No Sweat” campaign, which pressured retailers and manufacturers to submit to periodic independent inspection of their workplace conditions.; This campaign urged manufacturers to sign the Workplace Code of Conduct, a promise to self regulate that has since been adopted by a handful of retailers and many of the nation ’s largest manufacturers, including Nike and L.L. Bean. However, the Department of Defense, which has a $ 1 billion garment business that would make it the country’s 14th largest retail apparel outlet, has not signed the Code of Conduct. In addition, it has not agreed to demand that its contractors submit to periodic inspections.; Because the Department of Defense has not agreed to adhere to the code, the job of stopping public sector sweatshops falls to the Department of Labor. Federal contractors that persist in violating wage laws or safety and health codes can lose their lucrative taxpayer financed contracts. But Suzanne Seiden, a deputy administrator at the Department of Labor, says that to her knowledge, the department has never applied that rule to government apparel manufacturers. “I just assume that they are adhering to safety and health requirements,” she says. According to records obtained by Mother Jones, through a Freedom of Information Act request, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration has cited Lion 32 times for safety and health violations in the past 12 years. 21.What is this passgage mainly concerned with? A)The functions of the Department of Labor in America. B)A serious problem threatening American economy. C)The successful attempt of regulating sweatshops in America. D)The seriousness of the problem of sweatshops in America. 22.According to the passage, Kathie Gifford ____. A) was one of the underpaid laborers in New York City’s Chinatown B) was one of the well paid laborers in New York City ’s Chinatown C) made much money from cheap laborers in New York City’s Chinatown D) wrote a newspaper article exposing the practice of employing cheap laborers 23.The underlined p hrase “to submit to” is closest in meaning to ____. A) to accept unwillingly B) to refuse coldly C) to welcome warm heartedly D) to blame strongly 24.Which of the following statements about the Department of Defense is true? A) It will become the count ry’s 14th largest retail apparel manufacturer. B) It hasn’t acted according to the Workplace Code of Conduct. C) It has demanded its contractors to sign the Workplace Code of Conduct. D) It has teamed up with the Department of Labor to launch a campaign. 25.What was the purpose of President Clinton’s administration launching the “No Sweat” campaign? A) To urge manufacturers to obey the Workplace Code of Conduct. B) To remind the manufacturers of the Workplace Code of Conduct. C) To urge the Department of Labor to take its responsibility. D) To urge the Department of Defense to inspect manufacturers. Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage: The term investment portfolio conjures up visions of the truly rich-the Rockefellers, the Wal Mart Waltons, Bill Gates. But today, everyone-from the Philadelphia firefighter, his part time receptionist wife and their three children, to the single Los Angeles lawyer starting out on his own-needs a portfolio.; A portfolio is simply a collection of financial assets. It may include real estate, rare stamps and coins, precious metals and even artworks. But those are for people with expertise. What most of us need to know about are stocks, bonds and cash (including such cash equivalents as money market funds).; How do you decide what part of your portfolio should go to each of the big three? Begin by understanding that stocks pay higher returns but are more risky; bonds and cash pay lower returns but are less risky.; Research by Ibbotson Associates, for example, shows that large company stocks, on average, have returned 11.2 percent annually since 1926. Over the same period, by comparison, bonds have returned an annual average of 5.3 percent and cash, 3.8 percent.; But short term risk is another matter. In 1974, a one year $1000 investment in the stock market would have declined to $735.; With bonds, there are two kinds of risk: that the borrower won’t pay you back and that the money you’ll get won’t be worth very much. The U.S. government stands behi nd treasury bonds, so the credit risk is almost nil. But the inflation risk remains. Say you buy a $1000 bond maturing in ten years. If inflation averages about seven percent over that time, then the $1000 you receive at maturity can only buy $500 worth of today’s goods.; With cash, the inflation risk is lower, since over a long period you can keep rolling over your CDs every year (or more often). If inflation rises, interest rates rise to compensate.; As a result, the single most imortant rule in building a portfolio is this: If you don’t need

2015年四川大学考博《英语》真题及详解

2015年四川大学考博《英语》真题 (总分：100.00，做题时间：180分钟) 一、ⅠReadingComprehension 二、Passage1 Speechissofamiliarafeatureofdailylifethatwerarelypausetodefineit.Itseemsasnatural tomanaswalkingandonlylesssothanbreathing.Yetitneedsbutamoment'sreflectiontoconvinceus thatthisnaturalnessofspeechisbutanillusoryfeeling.Theprocessofacquiringspeechis,insob erfact,anutterlydifferentsortofthingfromtheprocessoflearningtowalk.Inthecaseofthelatt erfunction,culture,inotherwords,thetraditionalbodyofsocialusage,isnotseriouslybrought intoplay.Thechildisindividuallyequipped,bythecomplexsetoffactorsthatwetermbiologicalh eredity,tomakealltheneededmuscularandnervousadjustmentsthatresultinwalking.Indeed,the veryconformationofthesemusclesandoftheappropriatepartsofthenervoussystemmaybesaidtobe primarilyadaptedtothemovementsmadeinwalkingandinsimilaractivities.Inaveryrealsense,th enormalhumanbeingispredestinedtowalk,notbecausehiselderswillassisthimtolearnthear t,butbecausehisorganismispreparedfrombirth,orevenfromthemomentofconception,totake onallthoseexpendituresofnervousenergyandallthosemuscularadaptationsthatresultinwalkin g.Toputitconcisely,walkingisaninherent,biologicalfunctionofman. Notsolanguage.Itisofcoursetruethatinacertainsensetheindividualispredestinedtotalk ,butthatisdueentirelytothecircumstancethatheisbornnotmerelyinnature,butinthelapofasoc ietythatiscertain,reasonablycertain,toleadhimtoitstraditions.Eliminatesocietyandthere iseveryreasontobelievethathewilllearntowalk,if,indeed,hesurvivesatall.Butitisjustasce rtainthathewillneverlearntotalk,thatis,tocommunicateideasaccordingtothetraditionalsys temofaparticularsociety.Or,again,removethenew-bornindividualfromthesocialenvironmenti ntowhichhehascomeandtransplanthimtoanutterlyalienone.Hewilldeveloptheartofwalkinginhi snewenvironmentverymuchashewouldhavedevelopeditintheold.Buthisspeechwillbecompletelya tvariancewiththespeechofhisnativeenvironment.Walkingthenisageneralhumanactivitythatva riesonlywithinarestrictedlimitaswepassfromindividualtoindividual.Itsvariabil ityispurposeless.Speechisahumanactivitythatvarieswithoutassignablelimitaswepassfr omsocialgrouptosocialgroup,becauseitisapurelyhistoricalheritage,theproductoflong-cont inuedsocialusage.Itvariesasallcreativeeffortvaries-notasconsciously,perhaps,butnoneth elessastrulyasdothereligions,thebeliefs,thecustoms,andtheartsofdifferentpeoples.Walki ngisanorganic,instinctivefunction,speechisanon-instinctive,acquired,"cultural"functio n. (1).ThefirstsentenceofParagraphTwo,"Notsolanguage"istheclosestinmeaningto______. " A.thisisnotthecasewithlanguage " B.soislanguageandnotanythingelse " C.nosuchathingexistsinlanguage " D.notsomuchwithlanguage A.√ B. C. D. 解析：细节推理题。Notsolanguage承接首段的最后一句话，将language与walking进行对比，上文提及"行走是人类与生俱来的一种生物功能"，而语言则不是。选项A与文中的意思最接近。故答案为A。

江南大学食品化学考博历年题收集

江南大学食品化学考博历年题收集资料收集食品化学 2004前有1套 2004年 春季博士学位研究生入学考试题(有) 秋季博士学位研究生入学考试题(有) 2005年 春季博士学位研究生入学考试题(有) 秋季博士学位研究生入学考试题(有) 2006年 春季博士学位研究生入学考试题(有) 秋季博士学位研究生入学考试题(有) 2007年 春季博士学位研究生入学考试题秋季博士学位研究生入学考试题(有) 2008年春季博士学位研究生入学考试题(有) 秋季博士学位研究生入学考试题(有) 2009年 春季博士学位研究生入学考试题(停) 秋季博士学位研究生入学考试题 2010年春季博士学位研究生入学考试题(停) 秋季博士学位研究生入学考试题(要 考;2010,3,21) 2004年前春季考博入学考试 1 如何采用食品化学原理解决一个食品加工和储藏中的实际问题。 2 蛋白质的水合作用取决于哪些因素。 3 举出一个食品中重要的含硫糖苷的例子，它具有什么重要的意义。 4 写出一种还原性的二糖和一种非还原性二糖的结构。 5 简述食品化学的定义。 6 简述疏水相互作用。

7 用乳糖酶水解牛乳中的乳糖，如果酶制剂中含有蛋白酶活力，那么肉眼可以观察到被处理的牛乳法生了什么变化，为什么, 8 测定米氏常数方程中的米氏常数有什么实际意义。 9 用反应式表示过氧化物酶催化的反应，并用化学结构式表示两种底物(各举 一例) 10 写出5个影响食品脂类氧化的因素。 11 为什么在面包改良剂中加入大豆粉(含脂类氧化酶) 12写出果胶物质的结构。 13 在矿物质强化方面哪一种元素受到关注，目前普遍使用的是哪一种化合物 以达到强化此元素的目的，还存在哪些问题, 14 在叶绿素酶作用下叶绿素发生什么变化,然而导致植物丧失绿色的原因肯可能是其它的因素，请简述。 15 动物被宰后，体内ATP转化成呈味核苷酸，请描述这个过程(不必写出每种物质的结构式) 16 写出5种食品防腐剂的结构。 17 小麦面粉中最重要的蛋白质是哪四类，哪两类蛋白质的变化影响面筋的结 构和性质。 18 写出甲基纤维素、羧丙基纤维素和羧甲基纤维素的结构(一个构成单元) 19 写出3种抗抗氧化剂(针对脂类氧化)的结构和两种助氧化剂的名称。 20 写出分子流动性(Nm)决定的5种食品性质。 2004年春季博士学位研究生入学考试题 考试科目:食品化学(共1页) 注意事项:共20题，每题5分。答题务必简明扼要，并注意书写整洁。 1 写 出纤维素(MC)、羟丙基纤维素(HPMC)和羧甲基纤维素分子片段的结构式。 2 写出β,环糊精的结构式，并简述它在食品中的应用。 3 指出5种有分子流动性(Mm)决定的食品性质。 4 写出食品水分活度的定义，并描述一种测定小试样水分活度的方法。 5 写 出四种影响商品脂肪稠度的因素。

2012四川大学考博英语真题及答案详解

四川大学2012考博英语真题及答案详解 阅读 1）Sign has become a scientific hot button. Only in the past 20 years have specialists in language study realized that signed languages are unique—a speech of the hand. They offer a new way to probe how the brain generates and understands language, and throw new light on an old scientific controversy: whether language, complete with grammar, is something that we are born With, or whether it is a learned behavior. The current interest in sign language has roots in the pioneering work of one rebel teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington, D. C., the world’s only liberal arts university for deaf people. When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English, the school enrolled him in a course in signing. But Stokoe noticed something odd: among themselves, students signed differently from his classroom teacher. Stokoe had been taught a sort of gestural code, each movement of the hands representing a word in English. At the time, American Sign Language (ASL) was thought to be no more than a form of pidgin English (混杂英语). But Stokoe believed the “hand talk” his students used looked richer. He wondered: Might deaf people actually: have a genuine language? And could that language be unlike any other on Earth? I t was 1955, when even deaf people dismissed their signing a s “substandard”. Stokoe’s idea was academic heresy (异端邪说). It is 37 years later. Stokoe—now devoting his time to writing and editing books and journals and to producing video materials on ASL and the deaf culture—is having lunch at a cafe near the Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a revolution. For decades educators fought his idea that signed languages are natural languages like English, French and Japanese. They assumed language must be based on speech, the modulation (调节) of sound. But sign language is based on the movement of hands, the modulation of space. “What I said,” Stokoe explains, “is that language is not mouth stuff—it’s brain stuff.” 21. The study of sign language is thought to be _____C___. A) a new way to look at the learning of language B) a challenge to tradi t ional, views on the nature of language C) an approach: to simplifying the grammatical structure of a language D) an attempt to clarify misunderstanding about the origin of language（C） 22. The, present growing interest in sign language was stimulated by ___C_____. A) a famous scholar in the study of the human brain B) a leading specialist in the study of liberal arts C) an English teacher in a university for the deaf D) some senior experts in American Sign Language（C） 23. According to Stokoe, sign language is _____B___. A) a Substandard language B) a genuine language C) an artificial language D) an international language（B）

川大语言学考博真题

2009年语言学理论 一名词解释。 1.配价： “配价”是当今语法理论体系中最重要的问题之一，所谓“价”（valency），是借用化学中的术语，主要考察某一成分有多少个同现成分，亦即某一成分必须有多少个强制性搭配成分。最早把“价”理论引进语法研究领域的是法国语言学家Lucien Tesnuere，当初是为了研究一个动词能支配多少种不同性质的名词性词语，动词的“价”就就定于动词所支配的不同性质的名词性词语的数目。 配价理论思想认为，动词是一个句子的中心（支配词regissant），它支配着句子中别的成分，而动词本身不受其他任何成分的支配。只接受动词支配的的有“名词词组”和“副词词组”，其中名词词组形成“行动元(actant)”，副词词组形成“状态元(circonstant)”。从理论上说，句子中的状态元可以是无限多，但行动元不得超过三个，即主语、宾语1和宾语2。由此可以将动词分为一价动词、二价动词和三价动词。 动词有配价的问题，后来经过研究，发现形容词和名词等也有配价问题。我们可以说：利用动词与不同性质的名词之间、形容词与不同性质的名词之间、名词中隐含谓词与不同性质的名词之间的配价关系来研究、解释语法现象，这种研究和分析的手段就称之为“配价分析”。 根据配价分析理论，汉语中的动词可以分为零价动词，表自然现象的词；一价动词，即一般的不及物动词；二价动词，即一般的及物动词；三价动词，即双宾动词。 在中国最早利用配价理论与方法来研究汉语的是朱德熙先生关于“动词语+的”结构的分析。利用配价理论及方法我们可以对汉语中的一些歧义现象进行分析，也可一解释一些用其他理论不好解释或不能完善解释的语法现象。 关于配价的性质长期以来有几种不同的观点： 一是认为配价是建立在句法基础上的语法范畴。以句法概念来说明

考博英语极品作文26篇(考博必备)

1. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents are the best teachers. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 你是否同意或不同意以下声明？家长是最好的老师。使用具体原因和例子来支持你的答案。 Obviously, the earliest teachers we have in our lives in most cases are our parents, and they are generally the most involved in the development and education of their children. Yet neither are all parents good teachers nor are those good parents the best teachers. 显然，我们最早的老师，在大多数情况下，我们的生活是我们的父母，他们是最普遍的发展和子女教育工作。然而，也不是所有家长好老师，也不是那些好父母最好的老师。 First of all, not all parents are good teachers. As normal individuals, some parents more or less have bad habits. Even though parents almost instinctively devote themselves to cultivating their offspring, the outcome might turn out to be disappointment, for all children tend to unconsciously or subconsciously copy every thing from their parents. Another deficiency of parents as teachers is the fact that most parents are lack of common senses of education. All too often we observe some parents tend to pursue their cherished but failed dream by forcing their children to develop in a prearranged direction. Ironically, if their children did not follow the instructions, the children would be regarded as disobedient or allegedly rebellious. In fact, it is parents rather than their children that virtually disobey common senses. 首先，并非所有家长都好老师。作为正常人，一些家长或多或少有坏习惯。尽管父母几乎本能地致力于培养他们的后代，其结果可能会变成失望而归，往往所有儿童都能自觉或不自觉从他们的父母复制每一件事。另一个家长缺乏的是，大部分家长对教育的共同感觉，缺乏教师。我们常常看到一些父母往往追求，迫使其子女在预先安排的发展方向，他们所珍惜的，但未能梦想。具有讽刺意味的，如果子女没有遵循指示，孩子就被视为不听话或据称反叛。事实上，这是家长，而不是他们的孩子， Moreover, some parents are qualified as good teachers, but not all of them are the best ones. When children are in the preliminary school, it is not surprising that parents are capable of teaching their children almost every subject even better than professional teachers in the school. But the situation will not last long. We live in a world where knowledge is accumulated by multiplying and at the same time becomes more and more specialized. Therefore, to be a professional in a certain field today takes much longer time than ever before. No parent is able to be professional in all fields, though they might be experts in one or more fields. Wise parents often release rather than charge their children as early as possible. They are aware of the possibility outside the family. 此外，一些家长有资格好老师，但不是所有这些都是最好的。当他们在初步学校的，这并不奇怪，父母是孩子的教学，几乎每一个问题甚至比在学校专业教师做得更好。但情况不会持续太久。我们在那里知识的增多，同时积累了生活的世界变得越来越专业化。因此，是在某一领域的专业今日需时较长的时间比以往任何时候。家长们能在所有领域的专业，虽然他们可能在一个或多个领域的专家。明智的家长往往释放，而不是他们的孩子负责尽早。他们都明白了家庭以外的可能性。 Parents may, nevertheless, help their children much more than do good teachers. Most parts of children education are virtually beyond teachers' reaches. It is parents that supplement. Psychology studies have shown us that parents' love sometimes has astonishingly magic power to their children. Albert Einstein's mother and Forest Gump's mother are both good examples. On the other hand, parents might do their children harm more than do bad teachers as well. The natures of those children whose parents have divorced are often severely distorted. In a word, it is rather superficial to simply say that parents are the best teachers. 家长仍可以帮助他们的孩子更比好老师。大部分地区的儿童教育几乎超出教师达到。这是家长的补充。心理学研究告诉我们，父母的爱，有时有惊人的神奇力量给子女。爱因斯坦的母亲和阿甘正传的母亲都是很好的例子。另一方面，家长可以做他们的孩子受到伤害比也差的教师。那些其父母已离婚儿童的性质往往严重扭曲。总之，这是十分肤浅的简单地说，家长是最好的老师。 [404 words] 2. It has been said, "Not everything that is learned is contained in books." Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books. In your opinion, which source is more important? Why? 有人说，“并不是所有的教训是在书本中。”比较和对比中取得的经验与知识，从书本上获得的经验。在您看来，这是更重要的来源？为什么？ Both experiences and books are very essential resources, and both of them have relevant merits. 双方的经验和书籍是非常重要的资源，他们都有相关的优点。

考博英语面试问题

Personal/Professional 1. Tell me about yourself. Use three words to describe you. 2. How did you become interested in psychology? How did you become interested in (specific interest area)? 3. What would you be doing if you were not in psychology？ 4. What are your personal strengths? 5. What are your personal weaknesses? What have you done to deal with your shortcomings? 6. What are your goals after graduate school? In 5 years? 10 years? 7. What do you have to contribute to us? 8. Why should we accept you over other equally qualified candidates? 9. What do you do in your spare time? To relax? 10. Tell me about your interest in this area (geography)? 11. Describe the most embarrassing moment in your life. 12. How do you deal with conflict/stress? 13. What would a therapist say the most difficult thing about you? 14. What would a therapist say the best thing about you? 15. What difficulties have you encountered as an international student? 16. What you can bring to the cohort? 17. What do you like to do in your free time? 18. If you can write a book today, what would you write? 19. Tell me a time you are stressed out, and how you deal with it? 20. Tell me something that does not show on your application. 21. If you can have dinner and conversation with an celebraty, who would it want to be and why? What would you ask him? 22. What is the #1 question you would like me to ask you? Research 1. What would be your ideal research topic? 2. What are your research interests? How did you get interested in this topic? 3. What is the clinical relevance of your research? 4. How do you describe the relationship of research and practice? Clinical 1. What population do you want to work with and why? 2. What population have you worked with before? 3. What do you think would be your greatest strength as a therapist? 4. What about clinical work do you enjoy most? 5. What about clinical work do you enjoy least? 6. Talk about a case that you think you did a good job and why, and explain what you learned from it. 7. Talk about a case that you think you did not do a good job and why. 8. What is your theoretical orientation? What do you think of _____ approach?