2017-2018学年沪教版初中英语八年级下册英语期末知识点汇总

2017-2018学年沪教版初中英语八年级下册英语期末知识点汇总

U1 复习提纲

一、短语

1. 在……岁时at the age of

2. 代替in place of/ instead of

3. 付出代价at a price

4. 为某事感激某人be grateful/thankful to sb for sth

5. 电视播放的on television

6. 对某人要求严格be strict with sb

7. 上钢琴课take/have piano lessons

8. 病倒fall ill

9. 对……负责be responsible for

10. 从那时起from then on

11. 放弃give up

12. 我们时代的 of our time(s)

13. 获得奖项win/get/receive an award (for sth.)

14. 玩得开心have fun

15. 获得一个机会get a chance

16. 表演，演出 give a performance

17. 例如 such as

18. 在许多大型活动at many huge events

19. 鼓励某人做某事encourage sb to do sth

20. 西方古典音乐Western classical music

21. 钢琴天才piano prodigy

22. 对……感到好奇be curious about

23. an experiment on … 关于…的实验

24. 找寻、思索search for

25. 使发生;导致lead to (led pt.)

26. 厌倦；厌烦(做某事)be tired of doing sth

27. 保护……以免…… protect…from sth

28. 被称为……;被称作…… be known as…

29. 因…为人所知be known for

30. 在他的一生中during his lifetime

31. 使某人/某物怎样make sth./sb. + adj.

32. 建立；创建set up

33. 总是、一直is/ was always doing

34. 同时at the same time

35. 了解learn about

36. 出生在某地be born in 37. 与…无关have nothing to do with

38. 意味着做某事meaning doing sth

39. 打算做某事mean to do

40. 在做……方面有天赋have a gift for doing sth

41. 坚持做……keep doing sth.

42. 出于热爱for love

43. 不再想某人；不再把某人放在心上forget about sb

44. 得了吧come on

45. 储蓄；攒钱save up

46. 靠某人自己on one’s own

47. 帮助某人give sb a hand

48. 共同的，共有的in common

49. 与……平等be equal to

50. 足够……以至于能够做某事be adj. enough(for sb) to do…

51. 太…以至于不能做某事be+ too+ adj.+ to do sth.

52. 对……产生兴趣become interested in

53. 总计；总数in total=in all

54. 历史上in history

55. ……方面的专家an expert on/at/in…

56. 为……而战fight for…

57. 为反对……而战fight against…

58. 提供帮助offer to help

59. 被认为是……be regarded as…

60. 从……退休retire from…

二、词汇

responsibility (n.) -- responsible (adj.)

piano (n.) -- pianist (n.)

prodigious (adj.) -- prodigy (n.)

stun (n.) -- stunning (adj.)

west (n.) -- western (adj.)

classic (n.) -- classical (adj.)

music (n.) -- musical (adj.)

compete (v.) -- competition (n.)

succeed (v.) -- success (n.) -- successful (adj.)

sudden (adj.) -- suddenly (adv.)

perform (v.) -- performance (n.)

encouragement (n.) -- encourage (v.)

talent (n.) -- talented (adj.)

invent (v.) -- inventor (n.) -- invention (n.)

curiosity (n.) -- curious (adj.)

nature (n.) -- natural (adj.) -- naturally (adv.)

improve (v.) -- improvement (n.)

science (n.) -- scientist (n.)

equip (v.) -- equipment (n.)

find (v.) -- finding (n.)

actual (adj.) -- actually (adv.)

develop (v.) -- development (n.)

efficiency (n.) -- efficient (adj.)

include (v.) -- including (prep.)

pave (v.) -- pavement (n.)

manage (v.) -- manager (n.)

intelligence (n.) -- intelligent (adj.)

confidence (n.) -- confident (adj.)

bravery (n.) -- brave (adj.)

determine (v.) -- determined (adj.)

design (v.) -- designer (n.)

三、语法

1. I couldn’t agree more. 我再同意不过了。

2. include & including

3. the number of &a number of:

4. win & beat

beat=defeat 的宾语是人或队伍, 表示“打败……”;

win 的宾语不能是人，而是奖金，奖杯，比赛，战争等，如win an award, win the competition。

5. 过去进行时

"构成：was / were + doing 用法：过去某个时间正在进行或发生的动作

"常与过去进行时连用的时间状语：

at ten o’clock last night,then, this time yesterday, at that time,

from 8 to 9 last Wednesday…

" When，while？

过去进行时常与when, while引导的时间状语从句连用，意思是"当……之时"。

when后面既可跟延续性动词，也可跟瞬间动词，常用过去式

while后面一般跟延续性动词，常用进行时；强调两个动作同时发生，或表示对比时只能用while

" The telephone rang when(while) I was taking a bath. " All the students were sleeping soundly when the fire broke out. （此句中不可以用while) " Father was preparing a report while I was playing games.

Unit 2复习提纲

一、词形转换

1. fun (adj.) funny

2. succeed (n.) success, (adj.) successful

3. amuse (n.) amusement

4. own (n.) owner

5. sleep (adj.) asleep, sleepy

6. angry (n.) anger

7. happy (n.) happiness (opp)unhappy

8. express (n.) expression

9. art (n.) artist

10. delight (adj.) delighted

11. splendid (adv.) splendidly

12. possible (adv.) possibly

13. complain (n.) complaint

14. wonder (adj.) wonderful

15. bore (adj.) boring, bored

16. frighten (adj.) frightened

17. worry (adj.) worried

18. close (adj.) closed关闭的, close亲密的

19. open (adj.) open

20. cheer (adj.) cheerful

21. think (adj.) thoughtful

22. good (n.) goodness

23. value (adj.) valuable

24. care (adj.) careful/careless, (n.)carelessness

25. exist (n. ) existence

26. skill (adj.) skilful

27. true (adv.) truly

28. fail (n.) failure, (opp.) pass, succeed

29. wisdom (adj.) wise

30. smart (opp.) foolish

31. humour (adj.) humorous

32. collect (n.) collector

二、短语

1. 充满be full of, be filled with

2. 对(某物)很满意be delighted with

3. 为……工作work for

4. 同意做某事agree to do sth.

5. 尽力做try to do sth.

6. 同(某人)比赛，迎战play against

7. 二十世纪三十年代末in the 1930s 8. 射门得分score a goal

9. 想到think of 10. 戏弄（某人）play a trick on sb. 11. 使…陷入麻烦get sb. into trouble 12. 出发，启程set out

13. 到处跑run around 14. 救生衣life jacket

15. 犯事而落到(某人)手里get in trouble with sb

16. 大量的plenty of 17. 追溯到，始于date back to 18. 到处跑run around 19. 存在，现有in existence 20. 嘲笑laugh at 21. 处于良好的状态in good condition

22. 来自世界各地的from all over the world 23. 撞倒(某人) knock sb down

24. 一个叫做…的人a man called/ named… 25. 回答，答复in reply

26. 有很长的历史with a long history 27. 不挡某人的

道move out of one’s way

28. 画出…的轮廓draw an outline of 29. 朝上看look up

30. 处于困境，有麻烦的in trouble 31. 熬夜stay up 33. 想去做某事would like to do sth. 34. 兴奋的表

情 a cheerful expression

35. 灿烂的笑容a big smile 36. 做…的方法a way to do/ a way of doing

37. 以多少赢… beat sb. by…to… 38. 活过来come

to life

39. 我们能够做的一切是all we can do is 40. 处于危

险之中be in danger

41. 为某人准备某物prepare sth for sb

三、语法

１、形容词的一般用法

１）放在被修饰的名词前做定语：a cold and windy day；２）放在连系动词后做表语：feel lonely;

常见的连系动词有：

a. be, keep, stay, appear, seem

b. 感官动词：look, sound, taste, smell, feel

c. 表示“变得”：grow, get, turn, become, fall, go

３）形容词修饰不定代词something, anyone, nobody

等时，应放在不定代词的后面：something interesting ４）注意以下形容词加ly之后的区别：

wide（宽阔的）widely（广泛的）：five metres wide, widely used；

deep（深度）deeply（深深的）：five metres deep, deeply moved；

hard（努力的/地）hardly（几乎不）：work hard, hard work, hard understand

near（附近）nearly（几乎，大部分）：near the school, nearly everyone

５）只能做表语的形容词：afraid, alone, asleep, awake, alive, well, ill, frightened；

６）ly结尾的形容词：lonely, friendly, lively, lovely；７）-ed（表示人或物的情绪、状态，表示被动）与-ing （表示人或物的特征、本质，表示主动）结尾的形容词的区别

２、It is+adj.+ (for /of sb.) to do sth形容词常表示事物的特征特点

Eg: It is necessary for them to get an electrician to do the work for them.

= They are necessary to get an electrician to do the work for them.

It is +adj.+ of sb. to do sth. 形容词表示人物的内在评价（人的本质）。

Eg: It is very clever of you to work out the math problem in such a short time.

= You are very clever to work out the math problem in such a short time.

Unit 3复习提纲

一、短语

1. …之旅the trip to… / the tour of…

2. 电影制作大赛a film-making competition

3. 游乐场an amusement park

4. 作为娱乐for pleasure/fun

5. 从…中得到乐趣take pleasure in

6. 拍摄电影shoot (shot~) films

7. 吓一大跳jump out of one’s skin

8. 朝…大吼roar at

9. 闻起来像…smell like…

10. 给…留下深刻印象

make/leave a deep impression on sb

11. 剧烈地震动shake violently

12. 被淋湿get wet

13. 看起来像真的look real

14. 似乎 seem to do

15. 电影明星 film / movie star

16. 扮演角色 act / play a role

17. 根本不not…at all

18. 担任……工作work as…

19. 以…作为背景be set (in)

20. 尽力做某事try to do

21. (飞机等)起飞，脱下(衣服)take off

22. 与……交朋友make friends with

23. 清理clean up

24. 关闭(电/水龙头)turn off

25. 撞到…..bump into

26. 一定是 must be

27. 赚钱 make money

28. …的一个方面one aspect of…

29. 长大 grow up

30. 一两周a week or two /one or two weeks

31. 不断做某事 keep doing sth.

32. 一直 all the time

33. 不再not…any longer / no longer

34. 手机 mobile phone

35. 值得做 be worth doing

36. ……的部分part of…

37. 一会儿 for a while

38. 打算做某事be planning to do/ be going to do

39. 考虑做某事think about/of doing sth.

40. 对…惊奇be amazed by / at

41. 上演 be on

42. 宁愿(不)做某事would rather (not) do

43. 开车接送某人pick sb up

44. 社交活动 social event

45. 几个 a couple of

46. 对某人有不良的影响have a bad influence on sb

47. 有做…的时间have time to do sth

二、词汇

set (v.) -- setting (n.)

music (n.) -- musical (n./ adj.)

lone (n.) -- lonely (adj.)

romance (n.) -- romantic (adj.)

enjoy (v.) -- enjoyable (adj.)

move (v.) -- moving / moved (adj.)

extreme (adj.) -- extremely (adv.)

fun (n.) -- funny (adj.)

friend (n.) -- friendship / friendliness (n.)

colour (n.) -- colourful (adj.)

amaze (v.) -- amazing / amazed (adj.) power (n.) -- powerful (adj.)

wonder (n.) -- wonderful (adj.)

excite (v.) -- exciting (adj.)

tradition (n.) -- traditional (adj.)

sudden (adj.) -- suddenly (adv.)

fantasy (n.) -- fantastic (adj.)

act (v.) -- action / actor / actress (n.)

horrible (adj.) -- horror (n.)

introduce (v.) -- introduction (n.)

lead (v.) -- leading (adj.)

end (v.) -- ending (n.)

conclude (v.) -- conclusion (n.)

society (n.) -- social (adj.)

completely (adv.) -- complete (adj./v.)

imagine (v.) -- imagination (n.)

feel (v.) -- feeling (n.)

luck (n.) -- lucky (adj.) -- luckily (adv.)

direct (v.) -- director (n.)

三、语法&句型

1. both…and 谓语复数

not only…but also, neither…nor, either…or就近原则as well as, with, along with 与前面的名词保持一致

2. too much, much too & too many

3. try to do & try doing

4. make的用法使…成为…make sth./sb. + n.使…怎样/做某事make sth./sb. +adj. / v.

5. see sb sth doing & see sb/sth do

6. no one & none

7. whether & if

8. so &such

9. 语法重点：直接引语变为间接引语，

把直接引语改为间接引语时，要注意以下变化：

1) 确定连词&语序

"陈述句: (that) 可以省略，语序不变。

主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said, 也可用told 来代替，注意，可以说said that, said to sb.that, told sb. that，不可直接说told that

"一般疑问句: if/whether, 语序是陈述句的语序

原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”

→He asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.

"特殊疑问句: 使用原句疑问词when, where, who等, 语序改为陈述句语序

主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达

"祈使句: 把句子改为以下句式：ask/tell/order sb. (not) to do sth.

2) 转换人称

根据情况做相应的改变，“一随主，二随宾，三不变”主格：I you he she it we they

宾格：me you him her it us them

形容词：my your his her its our their

名词性物主代词：mine yours his hers its ours theirs 反身代词：myself yourself himself herself ourselves yourselves themselves

3) 时态的转变

主句: 现在时或将来时，从句:不变

She says, “I’ll never forget the days in the country.”

She says that sh e’ll never forget the days in the country.主句: 过去时，从句: 对应的过去时态

从句中是真理性的时态不变

The geography teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”

→The geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

直接引语间接引语

一般现在时 am / is / are do / does 一般过去时 was / were

did

现在进行时 am/is/are doing 过去进行时 was / were doing

现在完成时 have / has done 过去完成时 had + done

一般过去时 was / were did 一般过去时

过去完成时 was/were/did

had + done

一般将来时 am/is/are going to do

will do 过去将来时 was / were going to do

would do

主句是过去时，从句的时态变化

4) 指示代词和时间状语的变化

this----- that these----- those here----- there now-----then today-----that day tonight---that night

tomorrow-----the next day/the following day

next week-----the next week two days ago-----two days before

yesterday-----the day before last night-----the night before

the day before yesterday ---- two days before

the day after tomorrow ---- in two days

注意个别趋向动词的变化：come----go, bring----take

U4复习提纲

一．短语

1. 教育访问educational visit (to)

2. 当地人 local people

3. 我首先想到的一点my first thought

4. …的一部分 part of

5. 教育交流 educational exchange

6. 寄宿家庭 host family

7. 交流生 exchange student

8. 被要求做某事be required to do

9. 随身携带某物take sth with sb.

10. 做…方面的演讲give a talk about/on

11. 做菜;烹饪 do some cooking

12. 获知，了解 learn about

13. 全世界throughout the world

14. 被…深深地感动be deeply affected (by)

15. 改善 improve the situation

16. 获得奖学金 win the scholarship

17. 去观光旅行go on sightseeing tours

18. 与…某人交朋友make friends with sb

19. 与…呆在一起stay with sb.

20. 也;还 as well as

21. 从那时起 since then(用于完成时)

22. 与…保持联系keep in touch with sb

23. 进行交流 go on an exchange

24. 允许某人做某事 allow sb. to do sth.

25. 出国 go abroad

26. 参加 take part in

27. 远离 be away from

28. 一点点 a bit (of)

29. 名胜 place(s) of interest

30. 四处观光 do much sightseeing

31. 给某人拍照 take pictures of sb.

32. 少于 less than

33. 与…相似be similar to

34. 一直呆在…have been in

35. 大声说出shout out

36. 向…表达自己的看法give one’s opinions to

37. 起初 at first

38. 与…开始聊天start a conversation with

39. 即使 even if/though

40. 在咖啡厅in a cafe

41. 向某人询问关于…的建议 ask sb. for advice on sth.

42. 乐于做某事be ready to do sth

43. 同学们fellow students

44. 开始喜欢take to

45. 想家 get homesick

46. 文化冲击culture shock

47. 过了一会儿after a while

48. 习惯于(做) 某事 get /be used to (doing) sth.

49. 一直 all the time

50. 与…不同 be different from / to

51. 与…相比compare to…

52. 中学 high school

53. 感到不安feel uneasy

54. 便服 casual clothes

55. 中学high school

二．词汇

1. host (opp.) – hostess

2. educate(v.)-education(n)-educational(adj)

3. think (v.) - thought (n.) – thoughtful(adj)

4. patience (n.) - patient (adj.)

5. confidence (n.) - confident (adj.)

6. arrangement (n.) - arrange (v.)

7. organize (v.) - organization (n.)

8. deep (adj.) - deeply (adv.)

9. improvement (n.) - improve (v.)

10. govern (v.) - government (n.)

11. situate (v.) - situation (n.)

12. value (v.) - valuable (adj.)

13. fortunately (adv.) - fortunate (adj.)

14. scholar (n.) - scholarship (n.)

15. realization (n.) -- realize (v.)

16. simple (adj.) -- simply (adv.)

17. comfort (v.) -- comfortable (adj.)

18. strange (adj.) -- stranger (n.)

19. converse (v.) -- conversation (n.) 20. familiar (adj.) -- unfamiliar (adj.)

21. organization (n.) -- organize (v.)

22. use (v.) -- used (adj.)

23. proper (adj.) -- properly (adv.)

24. apart (adv.) -- apartment (n.)

25. easy (adj.) -- uneasy (adj.)

三．语法&句型

1. a bit &a little

2. “疑问词+ 动词不定式”的转换

“疑问词+ 动词不定式”结构相当于一个名词性从句，常常可用同等成分的从句代替。改写后的句子需要在疑问词后加上相对应的主语，并要注意主谓语单复数的一致性。如：

The question is where to put it. →The question is where we should put it.

问题是应该把它放在哪里才好。

W e can't decide when to start. →We can't decide when we should start.

3. have gone to/have been to/have been in:

" have gone to+地点“已去了…（还未回来）”

" have been to+地点“去过…（原来去过，现在已回）”句尾常接次数或多个地点或before，或句中常有ever, never等。

" have been in+地点，“已在…（多久了）”句尾常接for+时间段，或since +时间点/一般过去时的句子。

4. don’t think… 认为…不… （否定前移）

I think it is impolite to say so.= I don’t think it is polite to say so.

当主句谓语动词是think, believe, feel, guess, suppose 等表示“观点、信念、推测”等心理活动时，常常使用这种结构。

I believe he is guilty.= I don’t believe he is innocent.

这种结构的反意疑问句主语和谓语动词必须与宾语

从句中的主语和谓语动词保持一致。

I think Lucy can do well in the exam, can’t she?

I don’t think he will come here on time, will he?

5. though和although都可以表示“虽然;尽管”，但不要根据汉语习惯，在后面使用连词but, 不过有时它可与yet, still 等副词连用。例如：他虽然年纪很大了，但还很强壮。

误：Although he is very old, but he is quite strong. 正：Although he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong.

相同点：

用作连词,引导让步状语从句,两者大致同义，可换用，只是although 比though 更为正式：

Though (Although) it was raining，we went there. 虽然下着雨，但我们还是去了那儿。

We are still happy, though (Although) we are poor, 我

们虽然穷，但仍然很快乐。

不同点：

1) although 一般不用作副词，而though 可用作副词，且一般放在句末(不放在句首)，意为“可是、不过”：It’s hard work. I enjoy it, though. 工作很辛苦，可是我乐意干。

He looks fit, though. 但他看起来很健康。

2) 在as though(好像，仿佛)，even though(即使，纵然)等固定短语中不能用although：

You look as though you know each other. 你们看起来好像互相认识。

Even though I fail, I’ll keep on trying. 即便我失败了，我还会不断尝试。

3) though 可用于省略句(省略从句的主语和谓语), although 不能.

Though (he is) alone, he is happy. 尽管他一个人，但他却很快乐。(though在这里可看作副词，修饰形容词alone)

U5复习提纲

一、短语

1. 完全清醒be wide awake

2. 数目可观的a generous amount of

3. 零花钱pocket money

4. 毕竟；归根到底after all

5. 买某物给某人buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb.

6. 被允许做某事be allowed to do sth.

7. 几乎从不hardly ever

8. 付款给某人做某事pay sb. for doing sth.

9. 替某人付款pay for sb

10. 期望某人做某事expect(sb) to do sth.

11. 最新的时尚物品the latest fashions

12. 在预算之内within a budget

13. 代沟a generation gap

14. 对…认真；当真be serious about

15. 依赖某人/某物be dependent on sb./sth.

16. 不依赖，脱离…..而独立be independent of sb./sth.

17. 对…负责take/have the responsibility for=be responsible for

18. 某人的责任the responsibility of sb.

19. 流行音乐pop music

20. 对…担心/忧虑be concerned about

21. 信任believe in

22. 幸福的童年a happy childhood

23. 总经理a senior manager

24. 对…感到遗憾/难过be/ feel sorry for…

25. 因某事和某人争论argue with sb about sth.

26. 独生子女an only child

27. 同甘共苦share one’s happiness and sadness

28. 给某人关于…建议give sb. advice on sth

29. 抚养;养育bring up

30. 到…的旅游a visit to…

31. 狂热的粉丝a big fan of

32. 关心care about

33. 让某人为某事烦恼…bother sb. about sth

34. 对…感到不满be unhappy with/about…

35. 洗衣机washing machine

36. 洗衣服/碗wash the clothes/ dishes

37. 用手的，手工的by hand

38. 不同意disagree with

39. 提出建议make a suggestion

40. 得到自控能力gain self-control

41. 在…方面浪费金钱waste money on

42. 帮忙做家务help with the housework

43. 学会做某事learn to do sth.

44. 为…工作work for

45. 周末at weekends

46. 在工作日on weekdays

47. 鼓励某人做某事encourage sb. to do sth.

48. 艰难的工作hard work

49. 努力地工作work hard

50. 客厅、起居室living room/sitting room

51. 让某人做某事have sb do sth

52. 被提供一份…的工作be offered a job as…

53. 改变主意change one’s mind

54. 愿意做某事be willing to do sth.

55. 坚持做某事insist on doing

56. 盼望做某事look forward to doing sth.

57. 试着做某事try doing sth.

58. 尽力做某事try to do sth

59. 向…道歉apologize to sb=give an apology to sb.

60. 平均总数an average total of

二、词性转换

1. argument (v.): argue

2. advantage (opp.): disadvantage

3. fair (opp.): unfair

4. concerned (v.): concern

5. happy (n.): happiness (opp.): unhappy

6. behavior (v.): behave

7. suggest (n.): suggestion 8. regulation (adj.): regular 9. important (n.): importance 10. pack (n.): packing

11. apologize (n.): apology 12. culture (adj.): cultural 13. agree (opp.): disagree 14. latest (adv./ adj.): late

15. independent (n.): independence 16. responsibility (adj.): responsible

17. sad (n.): sadness 18. care (adj.): careful (opp.): careless

19. tire (adj.): tiring/ tired 20: express (n.): expression 21. advertising (v.): advertise 22. decide (n.): decision 23. will (adj.): willing 24. immediately (adj.): immediate 25. attract (n.): attraction 26. revise (n.) revision

27. insist (n.) insistence (adj.) insistent 28. law (n.): lawyer

29. unfortunate (adv.) -- unfortunately 30. belong (n.) : belongings

31. neighbour (n.) -- neighbourhood (n.) 32. happy (n) :happiness

33. complain(v.) --- (n.) complaint

三、语法与句型

1. 英语中很多动词后都可以接两个宾语，sb.（间接宾语），sth.（直接宾语）

Eg: take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb.如果直接宾语放在动

词后的话，大多数都是用介词to把sth.连接起来，但是有些动词确实接for

Eg: cook sth. for sb. make sth. for sb. buy sth. for sb. order sth. for sb. draw sth. for sb.

2. 宁愿做某事：prefer to do sth. = would rather do sth. 宁愿做A不做B：prefer doing A to doing B = would rather do A than do B = prefer to do A rather than do B

3. 宾语从句（关于祈使句与感叹句的转换，其它部分见U3复习提纲）

当直接引语是祈使句时，转换成间接引语时通常转换为ask sb. to do sth.或者tell sb. to do

sth.

用ask sb to do sth：

1）直接引语的祈使句含有please

2）直接引语用比较委婉的疑问句，Eg: Could/ Can you open the door for me?

用tell sb. to do sth.

1）直接引语的祈使句不含please

2）直接引语用语气较为强烈的陈述句，Eg: You should/ must open the door for me.

当直接引语是感叹句时，转换为间接引语不需要改变它的语序

Eg: 1）What a beautiful lady she is!

He said that what a beautiful lady she is!

2）How fast the horse is!

He said that how fast the horse is!

Unit 6 复习提纲

一．短语

1. 在周六上午on Saturday morning

2. 文学著作works of literature

3. 休息一下have/take a rest

4. 过来，出现come along

5. 想到一个好主意have a wonderful idea

6. 捡起pick up

7. 回去工作go back to work

8. 嘲笑laugh at

9. 经过；路过come by

10. 继续做某事 go on doing

11. 过了一会儿 after a while

12. 粉刷一下do some painting

13. 干得好 do a good job

14. 等等 and so on

15. 各种各样的all sorts of

16. 对…越来越感兴趣get more and more interested in…

17. 想要某事被做want sth. to be done

18. 一脸忧虑的表情with worry on one’s face

19. 心里暗自高兴with joy in one’s heart

20. 向某人提供某物offer sth. to sb.= offer sb. sth.

21. 在午夜at midnight

22. 挖出 dig up

23. 吵架；争论have an argument

24. 打昏某人knock sb. out

25. 用某物刺伤某人stab sb. with sth.

26. 醒来 wake up

27. 知道真相know the truth

28. 把某人关进监狱put sb. in prison

29. 被绞死；被处死刑be hanged

30. 在最后时刻 at the last moment

31. 大声叫出call out

32. 释放某人set sb free

33. 集中（注意、关心）于focus on

34. 注意…pay attention to (doing)sth

35. 热衷于；喜爱be keen on(doing)sth

36. 担任…的职位work as…

37. 盼望；期望look forward to(doing)sth

38. 实现某人抱负achieve one’s ambition

39. 来回航行sail up and down

40. 养家support one’s family

41. 四处旅游travel around

42. 银矿工人silver miner

43. 美国南北战争the American Civil War

44. 某人的有生之年the rest of one’s life

45. 发表演讲give lectures

46. 被认为是be considered to be

47. 受骗be cheated

48. 抽出…给某人spare sb. sth. = spare sth. (for sb.)

49. 捉弄某人play a trick on sb

50. 嘲笑laugh at

51. 走上前; 走近come up

52. 有自己的一套；随心所欲have one’s own way

53. 说服某人做某事persuade sb to do sth

54. 鼓舞某人做某事inspire sb to do sth

55. 在…的末端on the end of

56. 找出；查明find out

57. 向某人致敬pay a tribute to sb

58. 到处；各处here and there

59. 使某人迅速离开hurry sb. away

60. 扑灭put out

61. 尽可能…as… as one can=as…as possible

二．词汇

literary (adj.) -- literature (n.)

adventurous (adj.) -- adventure (n.)

include (v.) -- including (prep.)

proper (adj.) -- properly (adv.)

paint (v.) -- painting / paint (n.)

kill (v.) -- killer (n.)

scare (v.) – scared/scaring (adj.)

joy (adj.) -- enjoy (v.) -- joyful (adj.) -- joyfully (adv.) -- joyless (adj.)

argue (v.) -- argument (n.)

true (adj.) -- truth (n.)

print (v.) -- printer (n.)

achieve (v.) -- achievement (n.)

ambition (n.) –ambitious (adj.)

mine (n./v.) -- miner (n.)

history (n.) -- historical (adj.)

simple (adj.) -- simply (adv.)

-- simplify (v.) -- simplified (adj.)

pave (v.) -- pavement (n.)

measure (v.) -- measurement (n.)

tradition (n.) -- traditional (adj.)

engineer (n.) -- engineering (n.)

inspire (v.) -- inspiration (n.)

explore (v.) -- exploration (n.)

freeze (v.) – frozen/freezing (adj.)

novel (n.) – novelist (n.)

consider(v.)- consideration(n.)

romance(n.) – romantic (adj.)

solution (n.) – solve (v.)

三．句型/语法

1. with + n. + 介词短语，表示伴随状况

2. You have to work, don’t you? （反义疑问句）

3. every day & everyday

4. go on doing & go on to do

5. except & besides

6. consider的用法

7. until的用法

8. other, the other, another的用法

7. 宾语从句

宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导宾语从句的关联词有

that, if/whether, what, who, whose, which, why, when, where, how等。

1、连接词

1)由连接词that引导陈述句，在口语中that常省略。

eg. He said that he would like to see the headmaster.

2)由连接词whether/if引导一般疑问句，whether和if 常可互换，但下列场合一般用whether.

①介词后的宾语从句：I'm thinking of whether he'll come.

②与or not连用：I don't know whether I should go or not.

3)由连接代词what, who(whom, whose) which或连接副词when, where, why, how引导特殊疑

问句。

eg. Do you know who/whom she is waiting

for?

2、语序：不管宾语从句是陈述句、一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，都要用陈述句语序，也就是

说

主谓次序不能颠倒。连接词＋主谓结构

eg. ①Bill wanted to know who did this.

②I don't know what's the matter with Bob?

③I don't know what's wrong with

them?

3、时态：一般说来，主从句时态要统一。

如果主句是一般现在时，从句可根据需要用其它任何时态；

如果主句是一般过去时，从句应该用相应的过去时态范畴（也就是用一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。

eg.①Lily wanted to know whether her grandma liked the handbag.

②I asked the teacher where we would have the meeting.

③Can you tell me how I can get to the

zoo?

如果从句表明的是一个客观事实或真理，那么无论主句是什么时态，从句都只能用一般现在时。

eg. The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound.

宾语从句的否定转移：当主句的主语为第一人称，即I, we；谓语动词是think, guess, believe, expect等时，不能在从句中加否定词来表示否定意义，应将否定转移到主句，即只能在主句中加否定词。

eg. I don’t think that English is easy.

I think that English is not easy. ( 误)

复合句——宾语从句专练

一．宾语从句的含义：

在主从复合句中作_________ 成分的从句，称为宾语从句，其基本句式为“主句+ 引导词+宾语从句。”二．主句与宾语从句的时态关系

主句与宾语从句的时态关系有以下三种情况：

1. 若主句用了现在时，则宾语从句可用其所需要的任何时态。例如：I think he often _________ books. ( read ) 我认为

他经常读书。

I think he ____________ here tomorrow. ( come) 我认

为明天他会来这儿。

He says that they ___________ in Tokyo

yesterday. (arrived )他说他们昨天到达了东京。

I'm sure that Linda ____________ there before.

( be ) 我确信琳达以前去过那儿。

2. 若主句用了过去时，则宾语从句需用过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）的某种形式。例如：

He said he ______ right. ( be ) 他说他是正确的。

He said he ___________ TV at that time. ( watch) 他说在那时他正在看电视。

Tom told me that he ___________ to Mount

Tai. ( travel ) 汤姆告诉我他将去泰山旅游。

3. 若宾语从句陈述的是客观真理、客观事实、科学原理、格言、谚语等，则不受主句时态的限制，通常用一般现在时。例如：

The teacher told us that the earth ________ round the sun.( move) 老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。

He said one and one _______ two. ( be) 他说一加一等于二。

即学即用

用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。

① Yesterday our physics teacher ________ (tell) us that light _____ (travel) much faster than sound.

② My brother said he ___________ (post) that letter already.

③ He says his parents __________ (leave) for France three days ago.

三．宾语从句由哪些连词引导？宾语从句通常由以下连词所引导：

1. 由_________引导时，它无实义，常省略。例如：She says ________ she will leave a message. 她说她将留言。

2. 由____或________ 引导。其意义是_______ 例如：

He asked me if/whether I could speak English. 他问我

是否会说英语。

I wonder if/whether he is a teacher. 我想知道他是否是一名教师。

3. 由连接代词（what, which, who, whom, whose）或连接副词（how, where, when, why）引导的宾语从句。例如：

I can't understand _________ you said. 我不能理解你

说的话。

He wanted to know __________ the building would be set up. 他想知道这座楼房何时建成。

即学即用

选择正确答案填空。

① I don't know ___ Tom will go or not. A. what B. whether C. how D. where

② I wonder ____ they'll come here with tomorrow. A. whether B. when C. who D. how

③ He said ____ his friends asked him to the party. A. that B. if C. where D. who

四．应用宾语从句需注意哪些方面？

1. 宾语从句的否定转移

若“I (We) think / believe / suppose / guess + 宾语从句。”这一结构中的宾语从句需要否定时，则否定形式需转移到主句的谓语；若主句的谓语是除think, believe, suppose, guess 之外的其它动词，宾语从句需否定时，否定形式不能转移到主句的谓语, 直接否定宾语从句的谓语。例如：

I don't think he's been abroad. 我认为他没出过国。We all know that he isn't a teacher. 我们都知道他不是一名教师。

2．. 反意疑问句的构成

含宾语从句的复合句在构成反意疑问句时，若主句为I think / , believe /, suppose /, guess时，则附加疑问句部分的主语和谓语动词需与宾语从句呼应。若主句不是I think / , believe / suppose /, guess时, 则附加疑问句部分的

主语和谓语动词需与主句呼应。例如：

I believe you can pass the maths exam, can't you? 我相信你数学考试能及格，是不是？

He thinks we missed the early bus, doesn't he? 他认为

我们错过了早班车，是不是？Kate didn't say that Jim was wrong, did she? 凯特没说吉姆错了，是吗？

即学即用

选择正确答案填空。

①I don’t think chickens can swim, ______?

A. do I B can I C. do they D. can they

② Mary said her mother was a teacher and _____ her father was a driver.

A. that

B. /

C. if

D. A or B

按括号内的要求，改写下列句子，每空一词。

③ He hasn't learned this text, I think. （改为同义句）

I ____ think he ____ learned this text.

3.如何判断由if和when引导的从句是状语从句还是宾语从句？

[答] 当if作“如果”解时，引导条件状语从句；当if 作“是否”解时，引导宾语从句。当when作“当……的时候”解时，引导时间状语从句；当when作“什么时间”解时，引导宾语从句。例如：

I don't know if he will come tomorrow. 我不知道明天他是否会来。（宾语从句）

If he comes tomorrow, please tell me. 如果他明天来，请告诉我。（条件状语从句）

I asked him when the film would begin. 我问他电影什么时间开始上演。（宾语从句）

You can ask me when you have some questions. 当你有问题时，你可以问我。（时间状语从句）

即学即用

选择正确的答案填空。

① I don't know if it _____ tomorrow. If it ____, I won't go to the park.

A. rains; will rain

B. will rain; rains

C. rains; rains

D. will rain; will rain

②—— Do you know when he _____ come next week? —— Next Friday. When he ____, I'll ring you.

A. comes; comes

B. will come; will come

C. comes; will come

D. will come; comes

4.注意宾语从句，尤其是由连接代词或连接副词( 特殊疑问词) 引导的宾语从句必须用陈述句语序

在含宾语从句的复合句中，不管主句是陈述句还是疑

问句，从句都需要“连接词+ 陈述句”的陈述句语序，其标点符号由主句来决定。例如：

Tell me which you want. 告诉我你想要哪一个。

I don't know why you were late. 我不知道你为什么迟到了。

[注意] 由连接代词作主语的宾语从句，需用“连接代词+ 谓语+ 其它。”例如：

Do you know who can come here earliest? 你知道谁能来到这儿最早吗？

I don't know what made him think so. 我不知道什么使他这样想。

即学即用

选择正确答案填空。

①—— Do you know ____?

—— Next year.

A. when he came here

B. when did he come here

C. when he will come here

D. when will he come here 按括号内的要求，改写下列句子，每空一词。

② He asked me, "where do you come from?" (改为同义句)

He asked me where ____ ____ from.

③ I asked her. What have you done with the milk? (合

并为一个句子)

I asked her what _____ _____ _____ done with the milk.

④ Did you know? Will he go to America? (合并为一个句子)

Did you know ______ he _____ _____ to America?

⑤ Could you tell me ____ next year?

A. where you held the English Summer Camp

B. where did you hold the English Summer Camp

C. where you will hold the English Summer camp

D. where will you hold the English Su

Unit 7提纲

一、词汇

1. memory (v.) memorize

2. weakness (adj.) weak

3. imagination (v.) imagine

4. rare (adv.) rarely

5. amaze (adj.) amazing, amazed

6. drama (adj.) dramatic

7. elder (adj.) elderly 8. die (n.) death

9. surprising (adv.) surprisingly 10. weigh (n.) weight 11. active (adv.) actively 12. instruct (n.) instruction 13. inform (n.) information 14. nerve (adj.) nervous

15. regular (adv.) regularly 16. complete (adv.) completely

17. normal (adv.) normally 18. person (adj.) personal 19. belief (opp.) disbelief 20. exact (adv.) exactly

21. immediately (adj.) immediate 22. know (n.) knowledge

23. mean (n.) meaning 24. necessity (adj.) necessary 25. sleep (adj.) sleepy (n.) sleepiness 26. concentrate (n.) concentration

27. help (adj.) helpful 28. health (adj.) healthy

29. organize (adj.) organized 30. proper (adv.) properly 31. attend (n.) attention 32. develop (n.) development 33. improve (n.) improvement 34. power (adj.) powerful 35. probable (adv.) probably 36. stranger (adj.) strange 37. correct (adv.) correctly 38. unfortunate (opp.) fortunate

二、短语

1. 很久以前a long time ago

2. 老了get old

3. 出错go wrong

4. 生某人的气be angry with sb

5. 失忆lose one’s memory

6. 尝试做某事try doing sth

7. 与…相联系be connected to 8. 听说hear about/ of 9. 给…下指令，指挥give instructions to 10. 剩下的the rest of

11. 神经系统nervous system 12. 储存信息store information

13. 与…靠近be close to 14. 短时间a short time 15. 个人经历personal experiences 16. 在六十分钟内

in 60 minutes

17.（某人）九十多岁时in one’s 90s/nineties 18. 回想起做某事recall doing sth

19. 大量的a large amount of 20. 在将来in the future 21. 体重增加put on weight 22. 毕业leave school 23. 把（某物）留给自己keep sth. for oneself 24. 贫困，贫穷in need

25. 发出噪音make a noise 26. 少于less than

27. 或者…或者… either…or… 28. 把…传给… pass sth on to

29. 一次，每次at a time 30. …的全部the whole of 31. 把…分成divide…into 32. 把…和…连接起来

link sth. with sth.

33. 阻止某人做某事stop sb. from doing sth. 34. 集中注意力focus one’s attention on

35. 专心于concentrate on 36. 也，又as well

37. 传送讯息pass messages 38. 在午夜at midnight 39. 为…找借口find an excuse/ excuses for 40. 棒极了That’s terrific!

41. 减肥；变瘦lose weight 42. 急需帮忙be in need 43. 想象做某事imagine doing sth. 44. 做某事的方法a way to do / of doing

三、句型和语法

1. 关于倍数的表示

My apples are three times as many as yours. 我的苹果是你的苹果的三倍多。

主语+谓语+倍数+as…as

= My apples are twice more than yours. 我的苹果比你的多两倍。

主语+谓语+倍数（减1）+比较级…

2. used to do sth.过去常常做某事（现在已没有这种情况）

be used to do sth./ be used for doing sth.被用于做某事（被动语态）

be/ get used to doing sth习惯于做某事

3. If you know how to ride a bicycle, you will never forget how to do it.

当主句与从句的主语一致时，宾语从句可用“特殊疑问词+不定式”表示。

4. 关于if引导的条件状语从句与宾语从句

当if表示“如果”，引导条件状语从句时

1）当谈及可能发生的行为动作，以及其可能产生的结果时，就要用“主将从现”

Eg: If (it is) possible, I’ll meet you at the railway station. 2）当表示客观事实、结果时，主句和从句都用一般现在时。

Eg: If you heat ice, it turns into water.

3）当if 引导的条件状语从句时，主句可以使用祈使句，或情态动词（如can, should, may, must等）来代替一般将来时

Eg: If you want to lose weight, you should take more exercise.

= Take more exercise if you want to lose weight.

当if表示“是否”，引导宾语从句时

1）当主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况用相应的时态

Eg: I wonder if you will attend the meeting tomorrow. 2）当主句是一般过去时，从句应用过去相应的时态Eg: I wondered if you would attend the meeting the next/ following day.

3）当从句是客观真理时，从句永远用一般现在时Eg: My mother told me that ice turns into water if you heat it.

用whether而不用if 表示“是否”，引导宾语从句的情况

当宾语从句中出现“or not”时

Eg: I don’t know whether or not I should ask him about it.

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