中考专项训练 定语从句专项讲解及练习

中考专项训练定语从句专项讲解及练习

一、定语从句

1．Do you know the man saved three pupils in the accident?

A．who B．it C．whom D．whose

【答案】A

【解析】

试题分析：句意：你认识在事故中救了三个小孩的人吗？定语从句中，先行词指人时，用关系词who（作主语），whom（作宾语），that；先行词指事物时，用关系词

that/which。本题中，先行词the man指人，在从句中作主语，用关系词who ，故选A。【考点定位】考查定语从句。

2．（河南省2015年中考英语试题）—Why don’t you like fishing?

—Fishing is a hobby needs much patience, but I’m not patient at all.

A．who B．that C．it D．what

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

句意：——你为什么不喜欢钓鱼？——钓鱼的爱好需要很大的耐心，但我根本没有耐心。考查定语从句的用法。who谁；that那；it它；what什么。先行词a hobby是物，在定语从句中作主语，可知用关系代词that或which引导此定语从句，结合选项可知选B。

3． I still remember the college and the teachers ________ I visited in London years ago. A．what B．who C．that D．which

【答案】C

【解析】

试题分析：句意：我仍旧记得几年前去伦敦访问的大学和老师们。what一般不用于定语从句；who在定语从句中指人； that既可指人，也可指物；which指物。结合语境可知本句中先行词the college and the teachers中既有人，又有物，故只能用关系代词that，所以选C。

考点：考查关系代词。

4．The teenagers like the musician ____ different kinds of music.

A．who play B．which plays C．who plays D．that play

【答案】C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

试题分析：句意：青少年喜欢演奏不同种类音乐的音乐家。The musician是先行词，后面跟的是它的定语从句。先行词musician指人，用who、that引出定语从句，Ｂ错；关系词在定语从句中作主语，定语从句的谓语与先行词保持一致。musician是单数，谓语用单数：plays。故选C。

5．—Have you heard of the Huawei Company?

—Sure, it’s one of the _____ companies _____ make us Chinese proud.

A．great; which B．greater; which C．greatest; that

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

句意：——你听说过华为公司吗？——当然，它是使我们中国人感到骄傲的最棒的公司之一。

great伟大的；greater比较伟大的，是比较级；greatest最伟大的，形容词最高级；which 关系代词，可以引导定语从句，先行词为物，在从句中作主语或宾语；that也是关系代词，先行词为人或物，引导定语从句，在从句中作主语或宾语。第一个空考查句型one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数，表示“最……的之一”，故排除A和B，应选C。第二个空是that引导的定语从句，在从句中作主语。

6．On Monday April 15， 2019， the fire_______broke out in Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris shocked the world．

A．that B．who C．where

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

句意：2019年4月15日，周一，巴黎圣母院发生的大火震惊了全世界。

A. that先行词是人或物，

B. who先行词是人；

C. where先行词是地点名词。本句先行词是fire，指物，在定语从句中作主语，关系代词用which/that。故答案为A。

【点睛】

在定语从句中，关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1） who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗?（who/that在从句中作主语）

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

2） whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换），例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

3） which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如：

Beijing is the place where （in which） I was born. 北京是我的出生地。

7．Mr.Brown is a teacher is strict with all is students.

A．which B．who C．where

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

句意“布朗是一个对所有的学生都严格的老师”。

本题考查定语从句。A.指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；B.指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；C.表示地方，在从句中作地点状语。本句话中先行词为a teacher，指人，在从句中作主语，故选B。

【点睛】

做定语从句的题时，可先将先行词还原到句中。其次选择关系词，要先看先行词指人、指物还是既指人又指物。二要看从句中做何种成分，从而做出正确的判断。

8． ---Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher?

---Oh! It’s Mr Baker, our maths teacher.

A．he B．that

C．whom D．which

【答案】B

【解析】

试题分析：句意:-和我们的英语老师说话的那个人是谁？-哦，是Baker先生，我们的数学老师。根据句意可知，这里考查的是定语从句。he只是一个代词，不能引导从句；which 引导定语从句时，先行词应是物，但是这里的先行词是the man，指的是人；whom引导定语从句时，先行词是人，在定语从句中做宾语，但是现在从句中缺少主语，因此whom也不行。故选that，that 引导定语从句时，先行词可以是人也可以是物，在从句中可以做主语和宾语。

考点：考查关系代词。

9．The book ___ I read last night was fantastic.

A．that B．what C．whose D．who

【答案】A

【详解】

句意：我昨晚读的那本书真是太棒了。此句考查定语从句的关系词。A. that先行词是人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语；B. what不能引导定语从句；C. whose先行词是人或物，在从句中作定语；D. who先行词是人，在从句中作主语或宾语。本句的先行词book指物，用that来引导，故答案为A。

【点睛】

在定语从句中，关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1） who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗?（who/that在从句中作主语）

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

2） whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换），例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

3） which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。4）关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如：Beijing is the place where （in which） I was born. 北京是我的出生地。

10．According to the survey, women ________drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease th an ________who don’t.

A． who； that B． /； these

C． who； those D． / ； /

【答案】C

【解析】

试题分析：句意为：据调查，每天喝超过两杯咖啡的女人比那些不喝咖啡的女人患心脏疾病的机会大得多。根据语境可知，本题考查的是定语从句的引导词和代词的用法。在定语从句中，引导词由先行词而定，who的先行词指人。此外，这里指的是“喝咖啡与不喝咖啡的那些女人”的比较，代词应用those，表示同名同物，故应选C。

考点：考查引导词和指示代词的用法。

11．Kids，I hope you’ll remember the good old days____we spent together in junior high though it’s time to say goodbye.

A．who B．what C．which

【答案】C

【详解】

句意：孩子们，虽然到了说再见的时候了，我希望你们将记住那些我们一起在初中度过的美好的旧时光。who关系代词，引导定语从句，先行词指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；what什么，不能引导定语从句；which关系代词，引导定语从句，先行词指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。根据句子结构可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词是the good old days，从句中spent后缺少宾语，应用关系代词which引导，故应选C。

12．The girl catches the flowers on a wedding will be the next to get married.

A．whom B．which C．who D．whose

【答案】C

【解析】

考查定语从句的用法。Whom指人，作从句的宾语；which指物，作从句的主语或宾语；who指人，作从句的主语或宾语；whose即指人也指物，作从句的定语，后跟名词。根据动词“catches”可推断关系词作从句的主语，而“the girl”指人，故选C。

13．（江苏省淮安市2015年中考英语试）--- What are you doing? ---I’m reading the book

______you lent me last week.

A．what B．who C．when D．that

【答案】D

【解析】

【分析】

考点：考查关系代词。

【详解】

试题分析：句意：-你在做什么？-我正在读你上周借给我的书。what 什么，不引导定语从句；who谁，先行词是人；when什么时候，先行词是时间；that那个，先行词是人或物。根据句意可知，这里是一个定语从句，修饰前面的名词the book，指物，故应选D。

14．The girl handed everything _____ she had picked up in the street to the police.

A．which B．in which C．that D．all

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

句意：女孩把她在街上捡到的所有东西都交给了警察。

考查定语从句。本句先行词everything是不定代词，应该用关系代词that引导此定语从句。故选C。

15．The last place _______ we visited was Chaoshan Custom Museum.

A．where B．that C．when D．why

【答案】B

【解析】

句意：我们参观的最后一个地方是潮汕风俗博物馆。根据句子结构可知，这里考查的是定语从句，where关系副词，指地点；that关系代词，先行词为物；when关系副词，指时间；why关系副词，指原因。定语从句中visited后缺少宾语，故应填关系代词，选B。

16．I think the film Amazing China is ________film __________I’ve ever seen.

A．the most exciting;which B．more exciting;which

C．more exciting;that D．the most exciting;that

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】

句意“我认为《厉害了我的国》是我看过的最令人振奋的电影”。根据I’ve ever seen可知，第一空处用最高级，排除B和C；第二空处考查定语从句，先行词为film，且先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，用that，故选D。

【点睛】

在定语从句中先行词that和which都指物，只用that不用which的情况：

先行词为all, much, something, everything, nothing, little, none, the one时。

先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。

当先行词被the only, the very, the just修饰时。

先行词中即有人又有物时。

17．The book ______was written by him is very interesting.

A．who B．whom C．which D．/

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

句意：他写的那本书很有趣。

考查关系代词。A. who代指人，在定语从句中做主语或宾语；B. whom代指人，在定语从句中做宾语；C. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语；D. /为不填。首先分析句子结构，可知本句为定语从句，先行词the book为物，而且从句中缺主语，所以引导定语从句的关系代词用which；故答案选C。

18．I’d like to tell you about the table manners _______ you should know when you visit Korea. A．which B．who

C．what D．how

【答案】A

【解析】

试题分析：句意：我想告诉你当你访问朝鲜时你应该知道的餐桌礼仪。Which哪一个；who 谁；what 什么；how怎么。先行词table manners在定语从句中作表语，可用关系代词which代替。所以选A。

考点：考查定语从句。

19．—Who do you like best in the program Where Are We Going，Dad?

—I'll say Jasper.He is such a cute boy __________ can speak English very well.

A．which B．who C．whose

【答案】B

【解析】

句意“-在《爸爸去哪》中，你最喜欢谁？-我会说是陈胤捷，他是一个能把英语说得很好的聪明的小孩”。根据“n+____+句子”结构可知，本题考查定语从句。A.which指物，在从句中做主语和宾语；B.who指人，在从句中做主语和宾语；C.whose指人或物，在从句中做定语。本题中，先行词the boy指人，且在从句中做主语，故选B。

20．--- Have you ever seen the film The Shawshank Redemption?

---Yes, and I think it is the best film teaches me a lot.

A．that B．which C．what D．/

【答案】A

【解析】

句意：——你看过电影《肖申克的救赎》吗？——是的，我认为这是一部教我很多的最好的电影。首先分析句子结构，本句中的"_________ teaches me a lot"在复合句中作定语从句，由于先行词是film 指物，在定语从句中作主语，且先行词前面有形容词最高级修饰，因而只能用that来引导后面的定语从句，不能用which。故选A。

21．Do you know the first man _______ is talking to our teacher ?

A．whom B．who C．that D．which

【答案】C

【解析】

句意：你认识和我们老师谈话的第一个人吗？根据语义可知，本句为限制性定语从句。A. whom关系词，谁，宾格；B. who关系词，谁，主格；C. that关系词，指人或物；D. which 关系词，哪一个。本题中the first man为先行词，关系词使用that。在限制性定语从句中, 当先行词是序数词或前面有序数词修饰时，只能用that。故选C。

22．A graduation ceremony is a custom takes place students graduate from a school. A．which; when B．that; who C．which; whose D．that; which

【答案】A

【解析】

句意：毕业仪式就是当学生们从学校毕业时，举行的一个习惯仪式。结合语境可知前文先行词custom为下文定语从句的逻辑主语，指物，故引导词用that或者which。下文从句内容为前文动作发生的逻辑时间状语，故引导词用when，当……时候，选A。

考点：英语从句

23．This photo reminds me the things and persons we met at college.

A．of; that B．about; which

C．to; / D．on; what

【答案】A

【解析】

试题分析：句意：这张相片使我想起了我在大学时遇到过的人和事。前空是固定结构：remind sb. of…使某人想起……;提醒某人……；后面的the things and persons是先行词，后面跟的是定语从句，先行词在定语从句中作宾语，用关系代词，既有人，也有物时，关系词用that。故选A。

考点：考查定语从句。

24．Nanjing Yangtse River Bridge was built in the 1960s is now under repair.

A．who B．whose C．which D．what

【答案】C

【解析】

句意：建于上世纪60年代的南京长江大桥现在正在修理。who引导定语从句，先行词应该是人，在从句中做主语或宾语；whose…的；which引导定语从句，先行词是物，which 在从句中做主语或宾语；what什么，不能引导定语从句。这个定语从句的先行词是Nanjing Yangtse River Bridge,是物，故应选C。

25． Is there anything to you ?

A． that is belong B． that belong

C． that belongs D． which belongs

【答案】C

【解析】

试题分析：句意：这还有属于你的东西吗？此题考查定语从句，因为是anything是不定代词，故用that,和固定短语belong to属于。belong是个动词，不能和is连用。还有that作主语，应按第三人称单数处理。根据句意，故选C。

【考点定位】考查定语从句的用法。

26．--Why are you so worried?

--I’ve lost the watch ___ my uncle bought me yesterday.

A．whom B．who C．whose D．which

【答案】D

【解析】

句意：——你为什么这么担心？——昨天我把叔叔给我买的手表丢了。此句考查定语从句的关联词，先行词watch指物，关联词要用that/which，故答案为D。

点睛：关系代词引导的定语从句。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose

who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。

The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。

whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。

Mr. Liu is the person （whom） you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。

Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。

Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。

This is the pen （which） he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。

27． The English-Chinese dictionary my father bought for me many years ago is still of great help.

A． whose B． that C． who D． when

【答案】B

【解析】

试题分析：句意：多年前我爸爸为我买的英汉词典仍然有很大的帮助。先行词dictionary

在定语从句中作宾语，可以用关系代词that代替，所以选B。

考点：考查关系代词。

28．I still remember the mountain schools and teachers ________ we visited last year. A．where B．who

C．that D．which

【答案】C

【解析】

句意：我仍然记得我们去年参观过的山区学校和老师们。根据句意可知，这里是一个定语从句。where引导定语从句时，先行词是地点，where在从句中作地点状语；who 引导定语从句时，先行词是人；which引导定语从句时，先行词是物。从句先行词是the mountain and the teachers，既有人，也有物，这时定语从句的关联词应该使用that，在从句中作visited的宾语，故答案选C。

点睛：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。关系代词在定语从句中可以作主语或宾语；关系副词在定语从句中做状语。

29．Carla can’t stand the boy ___ often plays jokes on her in front of the whole class.

A．which B．who C．what D．whom

【答案】B

【解析】

句意：Carla无法忍受那个经常在全班面前取笑她的那个男孩。which引导定语从句，修饰事物，作主语或宾语；who引导定语从句修饰人，作主语或宾语；what引导名词性从句，作主语或宾语；whom引导定语从句，修饰人，作宾语。此处先行词boy表示人，在定语

从句中作主语，故用who引导定语从句。故选B。

30． Most grandmas prefer the song Little Apple that they can dance their square dances to . A．that B．whose C．where D．How

【答案】A

【解析】

试题分析：句意：大多数奶奶最喜欢小苹果这首歌，她们能跟着跳广场舞。A. that 那个；B. Whose谁的；C. Where在哪；D. How怎样；这里是that引导的宾语从句，先行词是物，用关系词that。根据题意。故选A。

考点：考查定语从句

31．I’d like to tell you the table manners ________ you should know when you visit South Korea this summer holiday.

A．what B．who C．which D．why

【答案】C

【解析】

试题分析：句意：我想告诉你当你访问韩国时你应该知道的餐桌礼仪。what 什么；Which

哪一个；who谁；why为什么。先行词table manners在定语从句中作宾语，可用关系代词which代替。所以选C。

考点：考查定语从句的连接词。

32．The lady spoke to me in the shop is my aunt.

A．Which B．who

C．where D．What

【答案】B

【解析】

试题分析：句意：在商店与我说话的那位女士是我的姑姑。A. Which哪一个；B. who 谁；C. where 在哪； D. What什么。The lady为先行词，指人，引导词用who或that，故答案为B。

考点：考查定语从句的引导词。

33．— What do you think of Disney Park in Hong Kong?

— Oh， I think it the best park I have ever visited in China.

A．which B．that C．where D．When

【答案】B

【解析】

试题分析：句意为：---你觉得香港的迪斯尼公园怎么样？---噢，我觉得这是我在中国参观过的最好的公园。根据语境可知，这里考查的是定语从句的引导词。通常，定语从句的引导词由先行词而定。但是当先行词由序数词或最高级形容词修饰时，引导词常用that。结合选项可知应选B。

考点：考查定语从句的引导词。

34．Yu Guangzhong is a famous writer and poet______ wrote the well-known poem Nostalgia （《乡愁》） and passed away on December 14th, 2017.

A．who B．which C．what D．whose

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

句意：余光中是一位著名的作家和诗人，曾写过著名的《乡愁》，于2017年12月14日去世。考查定语从句。A. who谁；B. which哪一个；C. what什么；D. whose谁的；由题干可知本题考查定语从句，先行词指的是人，所以引导定语从句的关系代词用who来引导；故答案选A。

35．—Can I help you, sir?

—I want a new book was written by Cao Wenxuan.

A．what B．where C．which D．who

【答案】C

【解析】

句意：-先生，需要帮忙吗？-我想要一本曹文萱写的新书。本题考察定语从句，先行词a new book表示物，引导词为that或which，所以答案为C。

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