生鲜电子商务物流配送模式研究外文文献翻译2017
文献出处：Croxton K.L The research of fresh food e-commerce logistics distribution modefJ]. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 2017, 1(2): 13-24.
原文
The research of fresh food e-commerce logistics distribution mode
Croxton K L
Abstract
With the development of electronic commerce enterprise, from the Internet shopping has been gradually deep into the people’s life, so that people want to buy on the Internet to be assured that there is an increasing demand or iresh agricultural products. This rare agricultural socialization trend of consumption also offers fresh electronic commerce development opportunities, but now is the actual situation of fresh electronic commerce development is not very optimistic. For fresh food e-commerce，due to the particularity of fresh products, it requires the logistics distribution can be according to the requirements of the customer at the right time to provide enough fresh products，it is for the logistics service quality and time put forward higher requirements，delivery is not yet mature，distribution costs are high，low efficiency and service level is often difficult to guarantee，fresh products logistics distribution is a bottlenecK in the development of them.
Keywords: fresh food e-commerce，distribution pattern，cold chain logistics, and risk control 1 Introduction
Farmers1markets and supermarkets is the traditional channels of city residents to buy fresh agricultural products, but with the development of social economy speed boost, the rhythm of people’s life in the city than ever also had obvious increase，’’workers?’ due to the limitation of working hours, often the problem is there are very few time at a farmers’ market or supermarket to buy fresh produce，even after work at farmers’ markets or supermarkets to buy the fresh agricultural products, can buy goods is not fresh. With the development of electronic commerce enterprise, from the Internet shopping has been gradually deep into the people's life, so that people want to buy on the Internet to be assured that there is an increasing demand of fresh agricultural products，especially for "workers' this is more urgent demand.B2C，C2C e-commerce business now more concentrated in the electronic products, clothing and completely processed food, for the present stage of basic logistics service can satisfy the requirements of web site with the customer.
This article is mainly in the electronic commerce logistics distribution mode of fresh research aspects，based on fresh from the actual situation of electronic commerce and the close analysis of key element fresh food e-commerce，summarizes three different with general distribution mode of fresh food e-commerce logistics distribution mode, the characteristics of the pattern design is by fresh good cooperation from the electronic commerce information online and offline business, to reduce the fresh raw e-commerce product line the difficulty of the logistics distribution，thus make the enterprise to offline logistics cost is high，the efficiency is not high to make a good deal with the problem of.
2 Literature review
Research of fresh agricultural products safety, F.S chwagele (2005) about the European fresh agricultural products traceability for the development of history，Europe for fresh food formulated laws and regulations, food companies are required to have their own traceability system, to ensure transparency in the whole process of the food production chain，can verify，is produced in Europe after the outbreak of a series of food safety accidents; Lists the Europe now use traceability technology，such as coding system EAN UCC (2002) - AIDC barcode, electronic data management system and RFID.K.E^ Belk, J.A. Scanga et al. (2005) to trace the history of the development of the American food, they think that the United States than in Europe and Japan in terms of food traceability backward，at the same time points out that the Carrefour and other large retail enterprises in the application of RFID technology played an important role, mainly adopts monomer great significance by IAID and group recognition AGID two methods on the meat recognition.
Research of fresh agricultural products supply chain knowledge, RD abbene, P.G ay and N.S acco (2008) argue that produce raw materials from leave growers or meat slaughterhouse to the terminal consumer impact on the cost and quality of this process play a key role, so it is necessary for fresh agricultural products supply chain to do enough research. Omar Ahumada, J.R ene Villaobos (2009) argue that due to a series of public health problems, the supply chain of agricultural products will face more strict rules and close monitoring. In fresh agricultural products distribution，Ana Osvald，Lidija Zadnik Stirn (2008) of fresh vegetables distribution path optimization algorithm has made the research of vehicle，and according to the working time window，distribution vehicle travel time and vegetables perishable characteristics the impact on the cost distribution path model is put forward- Omar Ahumada, J.R ene Villaobos
(2009) studied the fresh crop at harvest and distribution of two link planning problem，the model put forward by them to provide planted with maximum benefits.
For research of Cold Chain logistics，Americans Albert，Braille (Albert Barrier) and the British J.A. laidi qi (J.A.R uddich) at the end of the 19th century has elaborated on the Cold Chain (Cold Chain) point of view. But，until 1940，cold chain point of view to the attention of the world.C-D Tarantilis (2002), such as the problem of distribution route between the fresh meat in multiple warehouse was studied，and the random search heuristic algorithm and threshold accepting algorithm to solve this problem, this problem has a lot to the benefits of economic benefits to the enterprise. Kuala Lumpur ikar etc. (2006) put forward during the cold-chain food sales and storage of food cold chain management quality has a great influence.R.M ontanari (2008) analyzed the impact of supply chain under the condition of perishable food quality，time, temperature control is a key issue, starting from the point of view of technology and management were put forward to solve the problem.Andrej Ovca etc. (2009) put forward the consumer need for perishable food from procurement to use the entire cold chain maintenance of cognitive deficiencies.Chaug - Ing Hsu (2011) developed a kind of temperature distribution of equipment model, using replaceable cool storage technology incubator to meet the needs of distribution network.
2The analysis of fresh food e-commerce distribution factor
2.1Frozen technical
Fresh raw products in e-commerce logistics distribution of cooling fresh is fresh food e-commerce is very important link, fresh products in sales in the whole process of the entire cold chain is the necessary measures of keeping fresh of fresh products，fresh products cold chain in the whole process of the freezing technology includes two parts: one is the refrigeration; 2 it is fresh. Refrigeration is in raw products raw materials get to maintain product freshness after cooling process. Fresh products of refrigeration can be divided for refrigerated and frozen. Fresh on the application of the freezing technology, e-commerce is to control the quality of the good fresh product，also control the cost of logistics distribution. Refrigeration technology in fresh it is very important to the operation of e-commerce，fresh food e-commerce enterprise shall，on the basis of existing facilities development suited to their own refrigeration technology, such as fresh direct against their goods for distribution in car special renovation，so as to achieve the goal of economical and practical?
2.2Distribution network
Due to the diversity of fresh food，a lot of fresh food is a regional restriction; second，cold-chain distribution network radius cannot too big; otherwise the cost is too high. Fresh products because of the high requirements for delivery and save the characteristics of short time, the traditional logistics network layout of general goods in a certain extent, not only can't satisfy people's needs, but also can cause a lot of resources allocation is not reasonable. Fresh distribution network of e-commerce involved have fresh product base，production and processing base, refrigerated warehouse，logistics center and distribution center, if use the third party logistics enterprise distribution, distribution network involves a fresh product base, production and processing base，refrigerated warehouse, third party logistics of the logistics center and distribution center. Cold-chain logistics network in each node, if can effective work in the entire network layout，will improve on the efficiency of cold chain logistics has a lot of help, cold-chain logistics network layout model is roughly divided into single economies of cold-chain logistics network，the area of cold-chain logistics network and cross-regional cold-chain logistics network.
2.3Information system
Fresh e-commerce logistics information system, it is fresh online operation and offline operation and efficient electricity with indispensable link, to ensure that the line of the cold chain run efficiently, in addition to cold storage facilities and advanced technology，also need to have advanced cold-chain information system for effective management. By computer hardware, computer software and information resources together，through the man-machine combination is known as the information system to handle the flow of information system, on the basis of the functions and features of logistics, the computer network technology, electronic data interchange (edit) technology and the information system applied to each link of logistics operation.
Fresh e-commerce logistics distribution use of modern information technology has the following kinds: technology，electronic commerce is in the Internet open network environment，based on browser/server application，realize consumer online shopping, online transactions between merchants and online electronic payment of a new type of commercial operation mode. Supply chain management system, electronic order system, intelligent transportation systems, EPC system and bar code technology are fresh，common technology in e-commerce application. Supply chain management system, based on supply chain management thoughts as the instruction,
will link each entity in the supply chain business through information，logistics，information flow， document flow, business flow and cash flow) of communication to achieve seamless connection system model. Intelligent transportation system，vehicle information, the road map and a fixed input of user information integration of computer algorithm, by using computer technology, sensor technology, artificial intelligence and other advanced technology effectively to integrate comprehensive application in the transport of goods, thus forming an accurate and efficient automatic transport system.
3The problems of fresh food e-commerce logistics distribution
Fresh e-commerce distribution problem involves mainly by cold chain logistics, as a result of the limitation of hardware and software aspects overall situation，main problems are as follows:
(1)The construction of infrastructure. Low temperature logistics now，refrigerated facilities is a lot of mechanical, refrigeration technology is relatively backward, the hardware facilities of lagging behind and modernization level of a serious shortage of professional cold chain vehicle, in ordinary loss is very big, in the process of transportation and delivery used logistics costs alone accounted for seventy percent of the cost of perishable goods，some infrastructure construction will not be able to provide security for the cold chain of food circulation system.
(2)Frozen processing capacity is limited. Frozen processing is the main equipment of air cooler, frozen carcass meat, for example, in the air cooler is to together for frozen carcass meat flesh and bones, causing completely unnecessary waste, and the efficiency is not high. Although individual frozen processing have installed between advanced contact plate freezer, but is still a far cry from what to popularize and apply.
(3)Transport facilities, loss are big. Transport infrastructure development, both railway and highway, whether on the proportion of vehicles or cold chain on the traffic. On the cold chain transport, railway cold-chain transport accounted for twenty percent of total food cold-chain transport and a half, but for railway freight volume is less than 1%.
(4)The frozen storage and economic development does not match. Frozen storage of all aspects of the conditions are not enough to support the rapid development of cold chain logistics. Especially the construction of cold storage，both from layout of cold storage and cold storage capacity，is not conducive to the rapid development of cold chain storage. Cold storage more focused on the layout of the city, the origin of a serious shortage of cold storage; Common cold storage capacity can f t