【英语】高考英语阅读理解练习题及答案
【英语】高考英语阅读理解练习题及答案
一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解
There might be as many as 10 million species of complex life on this planet today —— a huge number. But add up all of the complex species that ever lived and some biologists think the grand total would be about five billion. The estimate leads to an astonishing conclusion: a staggering 99% of species are not around any more. They have been driven to extinction.
More species are joining the ranks of the extinct every year. Many scientists believe we are living through an episode of remarkably rapid extinction, on a scale that has been seen only five times in the last half a billion years.
They call this current episode the sixth mass extinction —— a large, global decline in a wide variety of species over a relatively short period of time. And they tend to agree that humans are
the main cause.
Over-hunting, overfishing, and human-driven habitat loss are pushing many species to the brink. In fact, we have changed the planet so much that some geologists are now suggesting that
we have entered a new phase in Earth's history; an epoch they call the ＂Anthropocene＂. By 2100, it is expected that humans will have caused the extinction of up to half of the world's current species.
Because we are living through this extinction, it is relatively easy for us to study the driving forces behind it. But how do we determine what caused other mass die-offs that happened long ago? To do so we have to look at what archaeologists, palaeontologists, geologists and other scientists have concluded from the evidence they have gathered.
The trouble is, those scientists do not always agree with one another —— even about the most recent extinction event. As well as the five-or six- mass extinctions, there have also been many smaller extinctions.
One of these mini extinction events happened towards the end of the Pleistocene, a few tens
of thousands of years ago. It is sometimes called the ＂megafaunal＂ extinction because many of
the species it claimed were particularly large animals, weighing more than 97lb (44kg). However,
its cause remains a debate amongst scientists.
（1）What can we learn about the sixth mass extinction？
A. Humans are the main cause of it.
B. It means a global decline over a long time.
C. It occurred towards the end of the Pleistocene.
D. Scientists still disagree about the cause
of it.
（2）What can be inferred from the text about species？
A. 99% of species will not be around any more by 2100.
B. By the 22nd century, there will probably be about five million on this planet.
C. About eight years later we will enter what is called the ＂Anthropocene＂.
D. It is not easy for us to figure out causes behind the＂Anthropocene＂.
（3）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph ?
A. Land animals.
B. Marine life.
C. Huge animals.
D. Flesh-eating creatures.
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，许多科学家认为，我们正经历着地球史上第六次大规模物种灭绝，主要原因是人类的过度捕猎、过度捕捞和人类栖息地的丧失。但是，各个科学家对过去物种灭绝原因有着不同的看法，即便是最近的一次小规模物种灭绝——大型动物灭绝，有关的灭绝原因，科学家仍在争论。(1)考查细节理解。第三段提到大规模物种灭绝是在a relatively short period of time，所以B错误；最后一段提到大型动物的灭绝发生在the end of the Pleistocene，而第六次大规模物种灭绝是当下正在发生的，所以C错误；根据第三段中的＂They call this current episode the sixth mass extinction ——a large, global decline in a wide variety of species over a relatively short period of time. And they tend to agree that humans are the main cause.＂可知，科学家认为人类是第六次大规模物种灭绝的主要原因，没有不同意见，因此D错误，因此选A。
(2)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“There might be as many as 10 million species of complex life on this planet today ”，以及第四段中的＂By 2100, it is expected that humans will have caused the extinction of up to half of the world's current species.＂可知，到22世纪，地球还会有目前物种的1/2会灭绝，也就是10million的半，即five million，因此选B。
(3)考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的＂because many of the species it claimed were particularly large animals, weighing more than 97lb (44kg).＂可推知＂megafaunal＂应为大型动物，因此选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案。
2．阅读理解
Scientists found that sleeping considerably improves our creativity. After taking a nap people are able to think faster and put more imagination into their thinking. Besides, if we dream, the thinking abilities are improved even more.
Researchers consider that sleeping on a problem in most cases leads to elucidation(解释). They say when a person enters a phase called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) during sleep, it increases the effect. Such phase takes place right before we awake and according to scientists it helps our brain make links between unrelated subjects.
In the study, led by Professor Sara Mednick, scientists made a conclusion that the REM was "important for assimilating(消化) new information into past experience" in order to find solutions to creative problems.
Prof. Mednick is a psychiatrist at the University of California. Her study involved the analysis of 77 adults. Each participant was given several word-associated creative tasks. All tasks were given in the morning, with participants being shown a number of groups of 3 words, for example: cookie, heart and sixteen. They were asked to come up with a word that would be associated
with all three given terms—like sweet. Sometime later, after some participants were allowed to sleep, they were asked to perform the same tasks and some new ones. It is worth mentioning that while some people slept, researchers used brain scans to see the type of sleep each participant entered.
When given the same tasks, participants, who took a nap, were able to give more varied solutions, some of which were much better than they gave earlier. But when given new tasks, researchers found that those who entered REM sleep had a 40 percent better result compared to the performance they showed in the morning.
（1）What does "it" refer to in the second paragraph?
A. The effect.
B. REM.
C. Sleep.
D. A problem.
（2）Why do the researchers study the REM?
A. Because REM takes place just after you sleep.
B. Because REM can store more information.
C. Because REM can help find creative solutions
D. Because REM can make a creative invention.
（3）What can we know from this passage?
A. Taking a short nap is good for your thinking during the day.
B. Sleeping has three processes which is good for creativity.
C. Each adult was allowed to sleep after the task was given.
D. REM is a process taking place right after we awake when we nap.
（4）The important stage in the study is________.
A. to think of a creative word
B. to show a group of 3 words
C. to give participants time to think
D. to let some participants sleep for a while
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）A
（4）D
【解析】【分析】文章讲述了科学研究发现，睡眠能大大提高我们的创造力。
( 1 )词义猜测题。根据前一句They say when a person enters a phase called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) during sleep可知，it指代REM，选B。
( 2 )细节理解题。根据倒数第三段scientists made a conclusion that the REM was "important for assimilating(消化) new information into past experience” in order to find sol utions to creative problems.可知，科学家之所以研究这个时期是因为这个时期对于找到创造性问题的解题办法是重要的，这个时期会将新信息消化为经验，故答案为C。
( 3 )细节理解题。根据最后一段When given the same tasks, participants, who took a nap, were
able to give more varied solutions, some of which were much better than they gave earlier.可知，小睡一会之后会让人有更好的表现。故选A。
( 4 )推理判断题。根据倒数第二段It is worth mentioning that while some people slept, researchers used brain scans to see the type of sleep each participant entered.可知，研究很重要的一个阶段就是要让参加者睡一会，然后来扫描他们大脑看看他们进入的睡眠阶段。选D。
3．阅读理解
Why do you go to the library? For books, yes--but you like books because they tell stories. You hope to get lost in a story or be transported into someone else's life. At one type of library, you can do just that--even though there's not a single book.
At a Human Lib rary, instead of books, you can “borrow” people. Individuals volunteer as human “books” and participants in the event can “read” the book--meaning they would have a one-on-one conversation with the volunteer and share in a dialogue about that individual's experience. “Books” are volunteers from all walks of life who have experienced discrimination (歧视) based on race, religion, class, gender identity, age, lifestyle choices, disability and other aspects of their life
For a certain amount of time, you can ask them questions and listen to their stories, which are as fascinating and as attractive as any you can find in a book. Many of the stories have to do with some kind of stereotype. You can speak with a refugee (难民), a soldier suffering from PTSD, a homeless person or a woman living with HIV. The Human Library encourages people to challenge their own long-held beliefs-to truly get to know, and learn from someone they might otherwise make a quick judgment about.
According to its website, the Human Libr ary is “a place where difficult questions are expected, appreciated and answered.” It provides the opportunity for the community to share and understand the experiences of others in their community.
The Human Library Organization came to be in Copenhagen, Denmark in 2000. Ronni Abergel, his brother Dany, and some colleagues hosted a four-day event during a major Northern European festival, hoping to raise awareness about violence among youth. After the success of this event, Abergel founded the Human Library Organization, which has been growing ever since. Though there are a few permanent human libraries, most aren't places at all, but events. Though many do take place at physical libraries, you don't need a library card—anyone can come and be part of the experience. There have been human library events all over the globe, in universities and in pubs, from Chicago to Tunis to Edinburgh to San Antonio.
The stories these "books" tell range from fascinating to heartbreaking and everything in between. And that's the very point of the organization--to prove that no person can be summed up in just one word. It seeks to show people that you truly can't judge a book by its cover---or by its title or label.
（1）The “books” in human libraries are____________.
A. long-held beliefs attracting individuals
B. inspiring stones motivating people in trouble
C. events in which people can talk to volunteers
D. unfairly-treated people sharing their experiences
（2）The event in Copenhagen is significant because it_______.
A. aimed to help the young suffering from violence
B. attempted to replace traditional physical libraries
C. laid a foundation for the Human Library Organization
D. led to a pleasing development for the community with racism
（3）In human libraries, the readers are likely to_________.
A. deepen their understanding of people
B. enrich their own personal experiences
C. hear the stories from all over the world
D. mak e quick judgments about the “books”
（4）The main purpose of the passage is to _________.
A. compare and evaluate
B. inform and explain
C. discuss and persuade
D. analyze and suggest
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】这是一篇介绍说明类文章。文章介绍了有关“the Human Library”的相关信息。在the Human Library，读者可以和来自各行各业志愿者们交谈，了解他们的经历和故事，加深对他人的了解。
（1）细节理解题。由第二段中的“At a Human Library, instead of books, you can “borrow” people. Individuals volunteer as hum an “books” and participants in the event can “read” the book--meaning they would have a one-on-one conversation with the volunteer and share in a dialogue about that individual's experience. “Books” are volunteers from all walks of life who have experienced discrimination (歧视) based on race, religion, class, gender identity, age, lifestyle choices, disability and other aspects of their life” 可知，Human Library的“书”实际上人，这些人来自各行各业，他们经历了种族，宗教，性别等方面的歧视。读者们可以和这些人交谈，了解他们的经历。故答案选D。
（2）推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“The Human Library Organization came to be in Copenhagen, Denmark in 2000. Ronni Abergel, his brother Dany, and some colleagues hosted a four-day during a major Northern European festival, hoping to raise awareness about violence among youth. After the success of this event, Abergel founded the Human Library Organization, which has been growing ever since”可知，Ronni Abergel，他的兄弟Dany以及一些同事举行了为期四天的活动，希望提高人们对青年人暴力的意识。在这次活动成功之后，Abergel建立了the Human Library Organization，该组织一直在发展中。由此可知，在Copenhagen举行的活动的成功导致了the Human Library Organization的成立，结合选项可推知，该活动奠定了该组织的基础，故答案选C。
（3）细节理解题。由第四段中的“It provides the opportunity for the community to share and
understand the experiences of others in their community”可知，the Human Library给社会给提供了分享和了解别人经历的机会。由此可知，通过the Human Library，人们可以加深对他人的了解。故答案选A。
（4）写作意图题。文章介绍了the Human Library(真人图书馆)的情况。在the Human Library，读者可以和来自各行各业志愿者们交谈，了解他们的经历和故事。文章还介绍了the Human Library的成立的情况。很明显，作者希望通过这篇文章让读者了解the Human Library，结合选项，告知解释。故答案选B。
【点评】推理题的解题方法：（1）抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理。要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。（2）整合全文（段）信息进行推断。有时需要在弄懂全文意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，确定最佳结论。（3）利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断。每篇文章的语境都有一定褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了主人公的特定心理和情绪状态及作者的写作意图，因此利用好文章的语境褒贬性就能在把握主旨文意的基础上对文章进行准确的逻辑判断。（4）根据文章的结论推断作者的态度。作者态度、倾向是指作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫不定，对记叙或描写的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间，或流露于修饰的词语之中。（5）根据上下文的逻辑得出结论。逻辑结论是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。（6）结合已有的知识进行推断。知识推断是根据文章中所阐述的细节，运用自己掌握的基础知识进行分析、推敲，从而得出符合文章原义的结论的一种推断方法。
4．阅读理解
Norman Garmezy, a development psychologist at the University of Minnesota, met thousands of children in his four decades of research. A nine-year-old boy in particular stuck with him. He has an alcoholic mother and an absent father. But each day he would walk in to school with a smile on his face. He wanted to make sure that "no one would feel pity for him and no one would know his mother's incompetence.” The boy exhibited a quality Garmezy identified as “resilience”.
Resilience presents a challenge for psychologists. People who are lucky enough to never experience any sort of adversity (逆境) won't know how resilient they are. It's only when they're faced with obstacles, stress, and other environmental threats that resilience, or the lack of it, comes out. Some give in and some conquer.
Garmezy's work opened the door to the study of the elements that could enable an individual's success despite the challenges they faced. His research indicated that some elements had to do with luck, but quite large set of elements was psychological, and had to do with how the children re sponded to the environment. The resilient children had what psychologists call an “internal lens of control(内控点)”. They believed that they, and not their circumstances, affected their achievements. The resilient children saw themselves as the arrangers of their own fates.
Ceorge Bonanno has been studying resilience for years at Columbia University's Teachers College. He found that some people are far better than others at dealing with adversity. This
difference might come from perception(认知) whether they think of an event as traumatic(创伤), or as an opportunity to learn and grow. “Stressful” or “traumatic” events themselves don't have much predictive power when it comes to life outcomes. "Exposure to potentially traumatic events does not predict later fun ctioning,” Bonanno said. "It's only predictive if there's a negative response.” In other words, living through adversity doesn't guarantee that you'll suffer going forward.
The good news is that positive perception can be taught. "We can make ourselves more or less easily hurt by how we think about things," Bonanno said. In research at Columbia, the neuroscientist Kevin Ochsner has shown that teaching people to think of adversity in different ways--to reframe it in positive terms when the initial response is negative, or in a less emotional way when the initial response is emotionally “hot”---changes how they experience and react to the adversity.
（1）According to the passage, resilience is an individual's ability________.
A. to think critically
B. to decide one's own fate
C. to live a better life
D. to recover from adversity
（2）What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. The psychologists
B. The resilient children
C. Positive elements
D. Internal locus of control
（3）According to Paragraph 4, we can learn that____________.
A. your positive perception may turn adversity around
B. stressful events are more predictive than delightful events
C. experiencing adversity predicts that you will go on suffering
D. a negative response doesn't guarantee you will suffer all the time
（4）What is the author's purpose of writing this passage?
A. To teach people how to be resilient
B. To encourage people to live through adversity
C. To indicate people's perception varies from each other
D. To compare different research findings about resilience
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）A
（4）A
【解析】【分析】这是一篇介绍说明类文章。文章介绍了一种品质：韧性（resilience）。文章介绍了什么是韧性，韧性的作用，如何培养韧性等内容。
（1）推理判断题。由第二段中的“People who are lucky enough to never experience any sort of adversity (逆境) won't know how resilient they are. It's only when they're faced with obstacles, stress, and other environmental threats that resilience, or the lack of it, comes out. Some give in and some conquer”可知，那些没有经历过逆境的人不会知道自己有多大的韧性。只有当他们面对障碍，压力等逆境时，他们才能知道自己的韧性有多大。有的人向逆境屈服，有的人成功度过了逆境。由此可知，那些成功度过逆境的人属于非常有韧性的人。韧性应该指克服逆境的能力。故答案选D。
（2）词义猜测题。由第三段中的“The resilient children had what psychologists call an
“internal lens of control(内控点)”. They believed that they, and not their circumstances, affected their achievements. The resilient children saw themselves as the arrangers of their own fates.”可知，那些有韧性的孩子拥有所谓的“内控点”。他们认为他们影响了自己的成就，而不是他们所处的环境影响了他们的成就。这些有韧性的孩子将自己看作是自己命运的主宰者。由此可知，they指的就是the resilient children。故答案选B。
（3）推理判断题。由第四段中的“He found that some people are far better than others at dealing with adversity. This difference might come from perception(认知) whether they think of an event as traumatic(创伤), or as an opportunity to learn and grow.”可知，一些人比另一些人更擅长处理逆境。这种差别来自他们的认知。如果他们将逆境当做是学习和成长的机会，对此做出积极的反应，那么，他们就能很好的处理逆境。反之，如果他们做出消极的反应，那么，他们就不能很好的来处理逆境。由此可以推知，积极的认知可以改变逆境，使情况朝着好的方向发展。故答案选A。
（4）写作意图题。文章第一段以例子提出“resilience”这个话题。第二段解释了什么是resilience，第三和第四段以Garmezy的研究说明，当面对逆境的时候，韧性可以帮助我们扭转逆境，关键在于要有积极的认知。第五段强调，积极的认知是可以学习的。故这篇文章的写作意图就是告诉读者如何使自己有韧性：用积极的态度去对待逆境。故答案选A。【点评】阅读理解写作意图、态度解题技巧：根据文体类别推断写作目的（1）写作目的（to entertain readers）常见于故事类的文章。（2）写作目的（to persuade readers）常见于广告类的文章。在这样的文章中，作者或是要推销一种产品﹑一种服务（to sell a product or a service），或是要通过对旅游景点﹑报刊杂志﹑影片﹑电视节目等的介绍来达到他的写作目的：吸引更多的游客﹑读者或订户﹑观众等（to attract more visitors / readers / audience）（3）写作目的（to inform readers）多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章，了解这类文章的写作目的有赖于对文章主题的正确把握，阅读时有必要找准文章的主题句，或较好地对主题加以归纳。
5．阅读理解
Bike Share Toronto is the city's official bike share program, designed to give locals and visitors a fun, affordable and convenient alternative to walking, taxis, buses and the subway. There are 200 Bike Share Toronto stations and 2,000 bikes across the city, making Bike Share the most accessible way to get around and explore.
How it works
Become an Annual Member or buy a day Pass to access the system.
Find an available bike nearby, and get a ride code or use your member key to unlock it.
Take as many short rides as you want while your pass or membership is active.
Return your bike to any station, and wait for the green light on the dock(停靠点)to make sure it's locked.
Choose a plan
For visitors
Day Pass: $7. Unlimited 30-minute rides in a 24-hour period.
3-Day Pass: $15. Unlimited 30-minute rides in a 72-hour period.
For locals
Monthly Pass: $25. Unlimited 30-minute rides for a month.
Annual Membership: $90. Unlimited 30-minute rides for a whole year. The Annual Membership is the best deal for locals of Toronto and other frequent riders.
The first 30 minutes of each ride is included with the membership or pass price. Avoid extra fees by dropping off your bike every 30 minutes at any other station. If you keep a bike out for longer than 30 minutes at a time, you will be charged an extra $1.50 for the first 30 minutes over, $4 for the next 30 minutes, and $7 for each additional 30 minutes after that.
Contact us
●Customer Service: (855)898-2388
●Repair Service: (855)-2378
●Corporation Partners: (855)898-2398
●Employmen t Opportunities: (855)898-2498
（1）Which is the most suitable choice for locals in Toronto?
A. Day Pass
B. 3-Day Pass
C. Monthly Pass
D. Annual Membership （2）How much will the extra fee be if you travel for two hours by bike?
A. $5.5
B. $9.5
C. $12.5
D. $15.5
（3）For more information about working at Bike Share Toronto, contact it at _________.
A. (855)898-2399
B. (855)898-2378
C. (855)8989-2398
D. (855) 898-2498（4）Which of the following statement is TRUE?
A. A member can get a code or a key to the bike
B. Bike Share Toronto is a non-profit organization
C. Shared bikes have taken the place of other vehicles
D. The green light on the dock shows the bike is unlocked
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）D
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇广应用文，共享自行车多伦多是城市的官方自行车分享计划，旨在为当地人和游客提供一个有趣，实惠和方便的替代步行，出租车，公共汽车和地铁．本文以此展开，讲述了共享自行车是怎样运行，使用，收费的。
（1）考查细节理解。根据文中“The Annual Membership is the best deal for locals of Toronto and other frequent riders”一年一度的会员是多伦多当地最好的交易和其他频繁的骑手。故选D。
（2）考查细节理解。根据" If you keep a bike out for longer than30 minutes at a time, you will be charged an extra $1.50 for the first 30 minutes over $4 for the next 30 minutes. and s7 for each additional 30 minutes after that”如果你保持自行车超过30分钟你将被一个额外的1.50美元的前30分钟4美元在接下来的30分钟7美元为每个额外的30分钟之后。所以超过两小时,就是1.5-4+7=12.5,故选C。
（3）考查细节理解。根据“Employment Opportunities: (855)898-2498”就业机会打（855）
898-2498，故选D。
（4）考查细节理解。根据“Become an Annual Member or buy a day Pass to access the system. Find an available bike nearby, and get a ride code or use your member key to unlock it.”系统是怎么工作的，成为一年一度的成员或买一天通过访问系统。附近找到一个可用的自行车,和搭车的代码或使用你的解锁的关键成员，故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读。要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。
6．阅读理解
About aspirin:
Aspirin is a commonly used drug which can be taken to relieve discomfort caused by numerous medical problems including headaches, toothache, inflammation and infections. It is also suitable to treat colds and flu-like symptoms, and to reduce a high temperature.
Who can take aspirin?
Adults and children over 16 years of age.
Who should not take aspirin?
Women who are pregnant, or plan to become pregnant. Aspirin may harm your unborn baby. Women who are breast-feeding. Aspirin can pass into your breast milk and may harm your baby. People who have any problems with the way the liver works or with the way the kidneys work. How to take aspirin:
Take aspirin after meals, with a full glass of water or milk.
The recommended dose (剂量) ranges from two to three tablets at a time. Never take more than 4g 12 tablets) in any 24 -hour period.
You must not take these tablets with any other medicine which contains any aspirin or painkiller.
How to store aspirin:
Keep all medicines out of the reach and sight of children.
Store aspirin in a cool, dry place, away from direct heat and light.
Do not put aspirin in the bathroom because the dampness there can cause it to lose its effectiveness.
Throw away aspirin that smells strongly of vinegar.
Possible side effects:
Feeling sick, increased risk of bleeding, stomach pain, indigestion and heartburn are common. If these effects continue, contact your doctor.
Ringing in the ears, difficulty breathing, dizziness, and mental confusion are rare. If these occur, stop taking the drug and contact your doctor for further advice.
（1）In which case will you take aspirin according to the text?
A. Stomachache.
B. Fever.
C. Breathlessness.
D. Nosebleed.（2）How many times can you take aspirin at most in a day?
A. 6.
B. 5.
C. 4.
D. 3.
（3）What type of writing is this text?
A. A hospital announcement.
B. A medical report.
C. A doctor's suggestions list.
D. Medical instructions.
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍阿司匹林的作用和注意事项。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“It is also suitable to treat colds and flu-like symptoms, and to reduce a high temperature.”可知，阿司匹林可以退烧，故选B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“The recommended dose (剂量) ranges from two to three tablets at a time. Never take more than 4g 12 tablets in any 24 -hour period.”可知，每次2-3片，一天不能超过12片，最多六次，故选A。
（3）考查主旨大意。本文属于说明文，介绍阿司匹林的作用和注意事项，因而是一篇药物使用说明书，故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇药物使用说明书，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。
7．阅读理解
You may think that the story of Pygmalion (《卖花女》, 1913) --- in which people are judged by the way they talk --- is something that only existed in the days of British high society. But thanks to etiquette (礼仪) expert and author William Hanson, we realize that little has changed during the past 100 years.
In a BBC radio program, Hanson released a list of common words used in British English that could reveal whether a person is "common" or "fashionable".
And yet here comes the interesting part: While some of us might go through life using fancy words, dressing in ways that make us appear more well-off than we really are, there are wealthy people in the world who try to hide their riches because they want to be seen as "normal" instead of "showy".
Beatrice, for example, is a New Yorker who inherited (继承) millions of dollars. She told The New York Times that she has a habit of removing the price tags (价签) from her clothes so her house staff don't see them and feel uncomfortable.
"We don't want that 'Wow'." said Scott, also a New Yorker, who had just inherited over $50 million. "We're just not the type of people who wear it on our sleeve."
（1）What does William Hanson find?
A. People failed to judge others' manner.
B. People judge others by their way of talking.
C. People tend to use more polite words.
D. People meet impolite persons frequently.
（2）What do rich people prefer to do?
A. To hide their riches.
B. To earn more money.
C. To think highly of their wealth.
D. To judge others by their wealth.
（3）Why did Beatrice remove the price tags on her clothes?
A. To show off her fashion sense.
B. To change people's attitude to rich people.
C. To pretend to be normal.
D. To avoid making people around her uncomfortable.
（4）What does "it" in the last sentence mean?
A. The price tag.
B. The brand label.
C. The inheritance contract.
D. The Times magazine.
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，揭示如今人们依然会从你的说话用词上来判断你是“普通的”还是“时髦的”。
（1考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“But thanks to etiquette (礼仪) expert and author William Hanson, we realize that little has changed during the past 100 ye ars.”可知，William Hanson认为我们现在仍旧如同以前一样通过人们讲话的方式来判断一个人。故选B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“…there are wealthy people in the world who try to hide their riches because they want to be seen as 'normal' instead of 'showy'”可知，富人更喜欢隐藏起他们的财富。故选A。
（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“She told The New York Times that she has a habit of removing the price tags (价签) from her clothes so her house staff don't see them and feel uncomfortable.”可知，Beatrice除掉衣服上的价格标签是为了避免让她周围的人感到不舒服。故选D。
（4）考查代词指代。根据倒数第二段的内容可知，Beatrice除掉衣服上的价格标签是为了避免让她周围的人感到不舒服。因此推断Scott说：我们不想要那些“Wow”，我们不是那种袖子上戴着商标的人。此处的“we”指的是Beatrice和Scott，故it指的是价格标签。故案选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和代词指代两个题型的考查，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
8．阅读理解
Amazing concept images have shown what homes of the future could look like, as preparations are made for the world's first free from 3D-printed property (房产).
Experts will build a house called Curve Appeal, which will be 3D-printed off-site before being put together on-site to create two outside walls, a roof and an inside part. These four main sections will then be joined together.
Although 3D-printed buildings have been made before, this home - to be constructed in Chattanooga, Tennessee, later this year — will be the first of its kind, as it will contain no regular shapes or angles. The house is the creation of the design company WATG, based in London and California. The design for Curve Appeal draws inspiration from the Case Study House program.
The architects leading the program were famed for constantly pushing the limits in terms of minimalist (极简主义) materials, and trying to create open-plan spaces that focused on
enhancing (增强) natural light. In a written statement, a spokesman for WATG said, “Employing many of the same modem design principles, Curve Appeal is the next evolutionary step. It's important that the architecture and the environment work together harmoniously. The chosen site is steps away from the Tennessee River in a beautiful wooded, sunlit area.”
WATG was awarded the first prize in the Freeform Home Design Challenge in 2016 and given prize money of $ 8,000 to make its plans a reality. The competition was aimed at architects, designers, engineers and artists. Participants were challenged to design a 600 to 800sq ft single-family home that rethinks traditional aesthetics (美学), ergonomics, construction, building systems and structure.
Over the last year, WATG's Chicago office has been developing their design with Branch Technology. This project is currently underway, working towards breaking ground later this year. Once completed, the Curve Appeal home will have open and light-filled inside living spaces.
（1）From the passage we can know that Curve Apple .
A. will be different from an ordinary house
B. is the first 3D-printed building
C. has apparent walls and a roof
D. was ever built in the world
（2）Where is the architect located according to Paragraph 4?
A. Far away from the Tennessee River.
B. In the woods near the Tennessee River.
C. Between the Tennessee River and the woods.
D. Next to some modem architectures.（3）What does the Freeform Home Design Challenge do?
A. It motivates participants to design at random.
B. It emphasizes traditions rather than modernization.
C. It sponsors competitors when necessary.
D. It helps put creative ideas into practice.
（4）What's the passage mainly about?
A. What our homes will look like in the future.
B. The Freeform Home Design Challenge.
C. The world's first freeform 3D-printed house.
D. The development of 3D in architecture.【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了世界上第一个免费的3D打印房子。
(1)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Experts will build a house called Curve Appeal, which will be 3D-printed off-site before being put together on-site to create two outside walls, a roof and an inside part. Th ese four main sections will then be joined together.”可知，Curve Apple不同于一般的房子。故选A。
(2)考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“The chosen site is steps away from the Tennessee River in a beautiful wooded, sunlit area.”可知，建筑师住在the Tennessee River附近的树林里。故选B。
(3)考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“WATG wa s awarded the first prize in the Freeform Home Design Challenge in 2016 and given prize money of $ 8,000 to make its plans a reality. The competition was aimed at architects, designers, engineers and artists.”可知，the Freeform Home
Design Challenge有助于把创造性的想法付诸实践。故选D。
(4)考查主旨大意。根据第三段中的“Although 3D-printed buildings have been made before, this home - to be constructed in Chattanooga, Tennessee, later this year — will be the first of its kind, as it will contain no regular shapes or angles.”可知，本文主要谈论的是世界上第一个免费的3D打印房子。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
9．阅读理解
Do you have good friends? Do you sometimes feel so close to them that they are like family to you?
It turns out that this isn't just an expression. A study by Yale University and the University of California, San Diego, has found that you and your friends have more genes in common than strangers do, the Guardian reported.
Researchers looked at the genes of 1,932 people and compared them in pairs of unrelated friends and strangers. They found that friends have 1 percent of genes that match.
"One percent may not sound like much to the layperson (外行), but to geneticists (遗传学家) it is a significant number," Professor Nicholas Christakis of Yale University told Discovery News. In fact, this is the same amount of genes you share with your fourth cousins, those who have the same great-great-great grandparents as you.
So is it a coincidence that you become friends with people who share your genes? Not at all. In fact, it is evolution that brings you together.
People who share certain genes also share skills and have similar likes and dislikes, researchers said. In ancient times, it was critical that people who were alike stayed together. For example, people who had a similar susceptibility (易感性) to the cold were more likely to help each other build a fire, giving them a better chance to survive.
Researchers also found that among all the genes studied, those affecting sense of smell were the most similar in friends. This is probably because people who smell things in the same way are more easily drawn to similar environments. For example, people who like the smell of coffee may hang out at cafes more often and are therefore more likely to meet and become friends with each other.
Based on their findings, the team has developed an interesting test called the "friendship score". It calculates how big the chances are that two people will be friends by studying their genes.
So, here is a question for you: would you like to take this test and know in advance who your friends are going to be, or would you still prefer to figure it out by yourself and let time be the judge?
（1）What is the author's main purpose in writing the article?
A.To explain why friends share skills and interests.
B.To report on recent findings about making friends.
C.To analyze what influences the way people make friends.
D.To explain an interesting test called the "friendship score".
（2）According to the researchers of the study, people _______.
A.form friendships by complete coincidence
B.are genetically similar to their friends, compared to strangers
C.make friends with those who share nearly 10 percent of their genes
D.may share more similar genes with their friends than with their fourth cousins
（3）With the examples of ancient people developing the ability to speak and helping each other build a fire, the author intends to _______.
A.show how ancient people helped each other survive
B.explain that similar interests are what lead to friendship
C.show that it is evolution that brings friends together
D.tell us why it was easier for ancient people to find friends
（4）According to the article, people with similar genes that affect their sense of smell ______.
A.like to hang out at cafes more often
B.are easily attracted to the smell of their friends
C.are more likely to be attracted to a similar environment
D.can identify people in a crowd who can become friends
【答案】（1）B
（2）B
（3）C
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，来自耶鲁大学和加利福尼亚大学的研究发现：与
陌生人相比，朋友之间的基因有相似性，所以朋友有时更像是家人。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“A study by Yale University and the University of California, San Diego, has found that you and your friends have more genes in common than strangers do, the Guardian reported.”耶鲁大学和加利福尼亚大学的研究发现：与陌生人相比，朋友之间的基因有相似性。可知，这篇文章主要讲述关于交朋友的这项新发现。并且
由“the Guardian reported”可知，这是一篇新闻报道，故选B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“A study by Yale University and the University of California, San Diego, has found that you and your friends have more genes in common than strangers do, the Guardian reported.”耶鲁大学和加利福尼亚大学的研究发现：与陌生人相比，朋友之间的基因有相似性。可知，与陌生人相比，朋友之间的基因有相似性。故选B。
（3）考查推理判断。这个举例出现在倒数第四段，根据倒数第五段中的“So is it a coincidence that you become friends with people who share your genes? Not at all. In fact, it is evolution that brings you together. ”你与你基因相似的人变成朋友是偶然吗？并不是这样的。实际上，是进化将你们带到一起。可知，倒数第四段应该是对进化如何将你们带到一
起成为朋友的解释。本段谈到了有相似基因的人也有相似的技能和喜好，然后以古代人为
例，说明只有遇到拥有相似技能基因的人他们才能发展语言技能，同时，同样对冷感受比较强烈的人更可能会互相帮助生火，作者举这些例子都是为了说明人们选择了拥有相似基因的人为友，是因为进化的需要，故选C。
（4）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段的中的“This is probably because people who smell things in the same way are more easily drawn to similar environments.”可能是因为嗅觉相同的人更容易去相似的环境，可知，有相同嗅觉基因的人更容易被吸引去相似的环境中。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
10．阅读理解
The noise of chattering mouths subsided（平息）as the teacher entered classroom. “Good morning c lass. I am Riffat Monaf, and I will be your geography teacher.” Riffat Monaf, an interesting name and an even more interesting person. Her introduction took place about six years ago, and since then I have never met a more influential person in my life.
Mrs Monaf not only conquered me with her vast knowledge of geography, but also won me over with her smile and warm eyes. It was in her class that I traveled to the highest mountains and to the deepest seas from the comfort of the classroom. I learned about the vast oceans, the erupting volcanoes, the snow-capped mountains and the green valleys. She would often relate her adventures about traveling to different parts of the world.
Never can I forget the glory of her face when she talks about how truly beautiful this world is. If I search back my love for the environment and geography, I find her to be the source of my love for preserving nature. If one day I became an environmentalist, I know that I'll thank her for it. Apart from this, she has always g reeted me with open arms and she calls her students “my children”. Mrs Monaf's morals and values rubbed off me deeply and I have always taken her advice into consideration. She has been one of the most consistently good things in my life.
Currently, she is fighting a battle against breast cancer, and it pains me to know that after all she has done for me; I can do nothing for her except pray. Whenever I see her in school, she still keeps that kind smile and an expression so soft that it trembles my heart. Mrs Monaf still talks enthusiastically about geography, and I know that I can never see what a truly great person she has been in my life. .
（1）What can we learn from the second paragraph?
A. The writer traveled a lot.
B. Mrs Monaf was a learned person.
C. The writer did well at school.
D. Mrs Monaf enjoyed telling stories.
（2）The underlined word “rubbed off” means .
A. moved
B. shocked
C. influenced
D. defeated
（3）What do we know from the last paragraph?
A. Mrs. Monaf was an optimistic person.
B. Breast cancer made Mrs. Monaf upset.
C. Another great person may appear in my life.
D. Praying for Mrs. Monaf made the writer tremble.
（4）What would be the best title for the passage?
A. My Interesting School Life
B. The Teacher-student Friendship
C. An Influential Person in My Life
D. Brave Fight Against Breast Cancer
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）A
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了生命中有影响力的人。
(1)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“M rs Monaf not only conquered me with her vast knowledge of geography, but also won me over with her smile and warm eyes”.可知Mrs Monaf 是一个有学问的人。故选B。
(2)考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“If one day I became an environmentalist, I know that I'll thank her for it. ”如果有一天我成为了环保主义者，我知道我会感谢她的。；“Apart from this, she has always greeted me with open arms and she calls her students ‘my children’”.除此之外，她总是张开双臂欢迎我，她称她的学生为“我的孩子”。；“ Mrs Monaf's morals and values rubbed off me deeply and I have always taken her advice into consideration.”Mrs Mo naf'的道德和价值观深深地影响了我，我也一直把她的建议考虑进去。由此可推知划线部分的意思是“影响”，故选C。
(3)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Whenever I see her in school, she still keeps that kind smile and an expression so soft that it trembles my heart. Mrs Monaf still talks enthusiastically about geography, and I know that I can never see what a truly great person she has been in my life. ”可知Mrs. Monaf是一个乐观的人。故选A。
(4)考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Riffat Monaf, an interesting name and an even more interesting person. Her introduction took place about six years ago, and since then I have never met a more influential person in my life.”可知讲述的是“我生命中有影响力的人”。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，要求考生根据上下文进行分逻辑推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
11．阅读理解
When I was a child, our dining room had two kinds of chairs — two large ones with arm rests and four small ones without. The larger ones stood at the ends of the table, the smaller ones on the sides. Mom and Dad sat in the big chairs, except when one of us was away; then Mom would sit in one of the smaller chairs. Dad always sat at the end, at the "head" of the table. Sitting where he did, Dad was framed by the window through which the yard could be seen with its trees and grass. His chair was not just a place for him at table; it was a place in which he was situated against the yard and the trees. It was the holy(神圣的)and protected place that was his, and ours through him.
After Dad retired, he and Mom moved out into a small flat. When thy came to visit me at their old house, Dad still sat at the end of the table though the table was no longer his but mine. Only
with my marriage to Barbara, did I hear a voice questioning the arrangement. She requested, gently but firmly, that I sit at the head of the table in our home. I realized then that I was head of the family, but I also felt unwilling to introduce such a change. How would I feel sitting in that "head" place in my Dad's presence? And how would he handle it? I was to find out on the occasion of our youngest child's first birthday.
Mom and Dad arrived for lunch, and went into the dining room. Dad moved toward his usual seat in front of the window. Before he could get around the side of the table, I took a deep breath and said, "Dad, this is going to be your place, next to Mom, on the side." He stopped, looked at me and then sat down. I felt sad, and angry at Barbara for pushing me to do this. It would have been easy to say, "My mistake, Dad. Sit where you always sit, " But I didn't.
When he and Mom were seated, Barbara and I took our places. I don't know how Dad felt. I do know that, though removed from his usual place, he continued to share his best self with us, telling stories of his childhood and youth to the delight of his grandchildren. As I served the food, our lives experienced a change, which we continue to live with.
It wasn't easy, but I sense that there is also something good in the change which has occurred. I am beginning to learn that "honoring one's father" is more than the question of which place to occupy at the dining table. It also means listening, wherever we sit and whatever positions we own, to the stories Dad longs to tell. We may then, during these magical moments, even be able to forget about whose chair is whose.
（1）Why did Dad always sit in the big chair at the end of the table before he retired?
A.Because the chair was large enough for him.
B.Because sitting there he could see the trees and grass in the yard.
C.Because it was the holy seat for the head of the family.
D.Because the chair was comfortable with arm rests.
（2）What do we know from the second paragraph?
A.The writer's parents moved out because the house was too old.
B.The writer didn't want to hurt his father’s feelings.
C.The writer's wife was rude to his parents.
D.The writer didn't dare to refuse his wife's request.
（3）Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A.Dad felt upset after being removed from his usual place.
B.The writer was satisfied with the new seating arrangement.
C.Dad continued to tell stories to cover his embarrassment.
D.Dad didn't appear to mind where he sat.
（4）What does the writer intend to tell us?
A.Respecting Dad is more than the question of dining seat.
B.It is not easy to go against parents' wishes.
C.Think twice before you act.
D.Every coin has two sides.
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）D
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙，通过讲述作者和父亲餐厅座位的变化告诉我们尊重父母并不在于餐厅的座位，而是快乐相处。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“His chair was not just a place for him at table; it was a place in which he was situated against the yard and the trees. It was the holy(神圣的）and protected p lace that was his, and ours through him.”可知父亲的餐桌位置不仅是靠着院子和树林的地方，还是一个一家之主神圣和受保护的地方。所以为什么爸爸在退休前总是坐在桌子尽头的大椅子上是因为那是一家之主的圣座。故选C。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“I realized then that I was head of the family, but I also felt unwilling to introduce such a change. How would I feel sitting in that "head" place in my Dad's presence? And how would he handle it?”可知作者成为一家之主后，不愿意占据父亲原来一家之主的神圣座位。所以判断出作者不想伤害父亲的感情。故选B。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Before he could get around the side of the table, I took a deep breath and said, ‘Dad, this is going to be your place, next to Mom, on the side.’He stopped, looked at me and then sat down.和第四段though removed from his usual place, he continued to share his best self with us, telling stories of his childhood and youth to the delight of his grandchildren.”可知作者让父亲坐在边上后，父亲似乎并没表现出介意坐在哪里，仍然和我们说笑，给孩子们讲他孩时和年轻时的故事。故选D。
（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“I am beginning to learn that ‘honoring one's father’ is more than the question of which place to occupy at the dining table. It also means listening, wherever we sit and whatever positions we own, to the stories Dad longs to tell We may then, during these magical moments, even be able to forget about whose chair is whose.”可知作者开始认识到“孝敬父亲”不仅仅是在餐桌上占据什么位置的问题。无论坐在哪里，无论坐什么位置，我们都会倾听爸爸渴望告诉我们的故事。所以作者想告诉我们“孝敬父亲”，不仅仅是在餐桌上占据什么位置的问题。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
12．阅读理解
The Wall Street Journal recently published an excellent article penned by Wendy Bounds on a hot topic here at MNN: the air-purifying qualities of the common house plant. Given that the air inside your home can be 2 to 5 times more polluted than the air outside of it, making it clean with plants like peace lily (百合花) and asparagus fern (芦笋蕨) is an economical artistically pleasing alternative to air purifiers. So it's been acknowledged that a bunch of pretty putted houseplants can help you maintain a healthier home, but a smarter home?
That's the question in light of a recent study published by the Journal of Environmental Psychology showing that the presence of plants in a room, particularly in an office environment, can shrink attention span (范围). Struggling directive attention (the kind of attention that takes effort) can be refreshed through exposure ho to naturalistic environments. Basically, taking a walk
through the park can clear one's head. But can a head be refreshed simply by being surrounded by houseplants?
To test their theory, the study's authors rounded up a bunch of participants, put some of them in a mom with no plants and put others in a room with our plants placed around a desk, and put them all to the same series of tests. First was a Rearing Span Teat which involves reading a series of sentences aloud and remembering the Last word in each sentence. This task requires that you fluently switch between attention demanding tasks: from rending and memorizing at one moment to writing and recalling at the next. Next came a proofreading task fallowed by another Reading Span Test.
The results? Participants working in the room with the plants improved their performance from the first Reading Span Test to the second while those working in the room lacking in greenery did not. Consequently, the benefits of working among plants is indeed evident.
（1）What do we know from the first paragraph?
A.Staying indoors can help avoid the poorer air outdoors.
B.Houseplants can Function as beautiful cheap air purifiers.
C.Planting polled flowers as decorations is very interesting.
D.Air purifiers are the most effective to create a healthy home.
（2）What does the underlined part in paragraph 2 probably refer to?
A.Focus one's attention.
B.Disturb one's attention.
C.weaken one's attention.
D.Turn one's attention away.
（3）What does the test prove?
A.Working in nature helps increase productivity.
B.Houseplants will be in great demand in our life.
C.Greenery creates healthier naturalistic atmosphere indoors.
D.Working among houseplants improves mental functioning.
（4）What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Flowers: Grand Feast to Eyes
B.Greenery: Effective Air-purifier
C.Houseplants: Visual Brain Food
D.Potted Plants: Great! House-beautifier
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过实验说明室内植物可以很好地提高人们的注意力。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Given that the air inside your home can be 2 to 5 times more polluted than the air outside of it, making it clean with plants like peace lily (百合花) and asparagus fem (芦笋蕨) is a economical, artistically pleasing alternative to air puri fiers.”可知，鉴