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语法(二)

语法(二)
语法(二)

词类(二)——冠词

冠词是置于名词之前,说明名词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词,他不能离开名词而单独存在。冠词有两种,见下表:

????????”“::特指表示数名词连用复数的可数名词及不可

可与单定冠词组之前单数名词或单数名词词用在以元音音素开头的

组之前单数名词或单数名词词用在以辅音音素开头的不定冠词,、the :an a

一、a / an 的用法:

1. 当第一次提到某人或某物时,用a / an 起到介绍的作用。

e.g. What ’s this? It ’s a radio.

2. 指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。

e.g. A boy is looking for you.

3. 表示数量,有“一”的意思,但数的概念没有one 强烈。

e.g. I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.

4. 表示“每一”,相当于“every ”。

e.g. Lucy and I go to school six days a week.

5. 用在序数词前,表示“又一”、“再一”。

e.g. Mr. and Mrs. Shute had a daughter called Jane. Then they had a second child —a son.

6. 使物质或抽象名词具体化,表示“一次”、“一种”、“一场”等。

e.g. It ’s a pleasure to talk to you.

7. 用于可视为一体的两个名词前。

e.g. a knife and fork

8. 用在某些固定词组中。

e.g. have a cold, once upon a time; in a hurry; make a face; have a try; a great many; have a good time; have a swim = swim; have a talk = talk

二、定冠词的用法:

1.特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。

e.g. Show me the photo of the girl. The knife on the desk is mine.

2.指双方都知道的人或物。

e.g. Where are the pens, Jim?

3.指上文提到过的人或物。

e.g. Li Lei lives on a farm. The farm is not far from here.

4.用在世界上独一无二的事物前。

e.g. The sun is much bigger than the earth.

5.用在序数词及形容词最高级前(副词最高级前常省略the )。

e.g. He is the best friend of mine. This is the first time I come to China.

6.用在可数名词的单数形式前,表示一类人或物。

e.g. The pig is a useful animal.

7.用于姓氏的复数形式前,表示该姓氏的一家人或夫妻两人。(作主语,谓语动词用复数形式)

e.g. The Greens have been in China for five years.

8.用于乐器名词前。

e.g. Let me play the piano for you.

9.与某些形容词(poor, rich, young, old )连用,表示一类人或物。(作主语,谓语动词用复数形式) e.g. The old should be taken care of in our country.

10.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。

e.g. t he Great Wall the Women’s Hospital

11.用在一些习惯用语中。

e.g. in the morning; on the left; at the end of; at the same time; all the year round; the next morning; in

the east / west / north / south

12. 在句型“动词+ 人+ 介词+ the + 人体部位”要用the,而不是物主代词。

e.g. take sb by the hand 抓住某人的手

hit sb on the head 打某人的头

pat sb on the shoulder 拍某人的肩膀

三、零冠词的情况:

1.除了一些特殊情况外,在专有名词或不可数名词前不加冠词。

e.g. China; Grade Two; milk

Man is mortal. 人必有一死。

Wisdom is better than strength. 智慧胜于力量。

2.名词、序数词、形容词的最高级前已有this; that; my; your; some; any; every等代词修饰时。

e.g. She is my best friend.

3.复数名词表示一类人或物时。

e.g. Pigs are useful animals.

4.在星期、月份、季节、节日前。

e.g. I go to school on Monday.

I was born in July.

On Children’s Day, my mother took me to the zoo.

5.在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。

e.g. After lunch, Aunt Huang came in.

6.在三餐和球类运动的名词前。

e.g. I often have supper at 6:00.

Liu Ming is good at playing football.

7. 在表示交通工具、学科名称的名词前。

e.g. by plane; by boat; on foot; American history; English literature

8. 在报纸标题、图像说明、文章题目、标志、广告前不加冠词。

e.g. Worker’s Mind 工人的心声(报纸标题)

Girl wanted 招聘女侍者一名(广告)

9.在某些固定短语中。

e.g. at noon, in water, on land; learn by heart; at last; year after year; on show; go to bed; for example; in surprise; at once; go shopping / swimming / boating / fishing

△冠词的特殊用法:

1.catch a cold 的意思是“染上感冒”,其中的冠词a可以省去,但如果cold前有形容词,a 不能省去。e.g. catch a bad cold(得了重感冒)

2.breakfast / lunch / supper 前有形容词时,形容词前要加不定冠词。

e.g. have a light breakfast(吃简便的早餐)

3.在季节前一般不用冠词,但如果指某年的某个季节,则要用冠词the。

e.g. in the spring of 2005(在二OO二年春季)

Exercises: 09年各地中考真题

( ) 1. My English teacher has ______ 8-year-old girl called Mary.

A. an

B. a

C. the

D. /

( ) 2. Sandy often takes her dog for ______ walk around the lake after supper.

A. a

B. an

C. the

D. /

( ) 3. ---Can I help you?

---Y es, ______ egg and a glass of milk, please.

A. a

B. an

C. the

D. /

( ) 4. ---Eric, what would you like to be when you grow up?

---______ actor like Jackie Chan.

A. The

B. A

C. An

D. /

( ) 5. ---Who’s ______ young man with long hair?

---He’s a friend of mine.

A. a

B. the

C. an

D. his

( ) 6. ______ old man behind Mary is ______ university teacher.

A. An; an

B. A; the

C. The; a

D. The; an ( ) 7. I hope we can fly to ______ moon one day.

A. a

B. an

C. the

D. /

( ) 8. ---Do you play ______ piano in your free time?

---No, I like sports. I often play ______ soccer with my friends.

A. /; the

B. the; /

C. the; the

D. a; a

( ) 9. ---Let’s play ______ basketball after you finish your homework.

---Good idea.

A. a

B. the

C. /

D. an

( ) 10. ---I just have ______ cup of milk for ______ breakfast.

A. a; a

B. the; the

C. a; /

( ) 11. ---How do you go to ______ work?

---I usually take ______ bus.

A. the; a

B. /; a

C. a; a

D. the; / ( ) 12. Mary has a bad cold. She has to stay in ______ bed.

A. a

B. /

C. the

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