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英语易混淆词汇知识整合辨析

英语易混淆词汇知识整合辨析
英语易混淆词汇知识整合辨析

一.表主动和被动的不同。

有些由动词词根派生而来的形容词与该形容词所修饰的词之间存在这逻辑上的主动或被动关系,其中以-able,-ible,和-ed后缀结尾的形容词往往含有被动意味,而以-ful,-ous,或-tive结尾的往往含有主动意味。

1.respectful与respectable(respecting,respective)

respectful意思是“恭敬的,尊敬人的”,有主动性的“尊敬

他人”之意。例如:the children were well mannered and

respectful toward grown-ups.孩子们彬彬有礼,尊敬大人。

Respectable是“可敬的,值得尊敬的”的意思,表示“还过

得去”,为一般性的赞语,含被动意味。例如:

It’s not respectable to get drunk in the street.在大街上

喝的醉醺醺的是有失体统的。

Respecting常用作介词,表示“关于,,,,在,,,方面”之意。

例如:

Problems respecting air pollution in cities should be

considered seriously.关于城市空气污染问题应给与认真考虑。

Respective表示“各自的,分别的”的意思。

Go to your respective places.各就各位。

2.imaginative 与imaginable(imaginary)

imaginative 意思是“富于想象力的”,和他所修饰的人之间

含有主动的关系。例如:

teachers like imaginative children.老师喜欢富有想象力的

孩子。

Imaginable意思是“可想象的”,还有可以被想象出来的意思,即被动意味。例如:

This is the only solution imaginable.这是唯一可想象的解决办法。

(注意:imaginable 与最高级形容词或all,every,only等连用时,常放在被修饰词的后面。)

Imaginary意思是“假想的,虚构的”。例如:

The equator is an imaginary circle around the earth.赤道是假想的围绕地球的大圆。

3.tolerant与tolerable

tolerant 意思是“能容忍(他人)的,宽容的”,含有主动意味。例如:

Jefferson was tolerant of opinions different from his own.杰弗逊能容忍不同意见。

Tolerable 意思是“可容忍的”,含有被动意味。例如:Such rude behavior is not tolerable.如此粗暴的行为是不能容忍的。

4.contemptuous 与contemptible

contemptuous意思是表示“轻蔑的,鄙视的”,指轻视别人(主动)。例如:

he showed a contemptuous smile to the boy’s

performance.他对那个男孩的表演报以轻蔑的冷笑。Contemptible意思是“不值得一顾的,可鄙的”,指受别人轻视的(被动)。例如:

That man is a contemptible liar.那人是个无耻的说谎者。5.frightful与frightened

frightful意思是“可怕的,骇人听闻的”(主动)。例如:

in that frightful accident,3 children were killed.在那次可怕的事故中,三个儿童遇难。

Frightened意思是“受惊的,害怕的”,又被吓着之意(被动),例如:

She was frightened at the idea of her going alone in the darkness.他一想到要独自一个人在黑暗中行走,就搞到毛骨悚然。

6.mobile 与movable

mobile意思是“移动式的,活动的,流动的”(主动)。例如:mobile telephone移动电话

the population of the city has always been mobile.这个城市的人口一直在流动。

Movable意思是“活动的,可以被移动的”,含有被动意义。例如:

The chairs are movable, while the desks are immovable.椅子是活动的,而桌子是固定的。

7.various 与variable

various 和variable 都是由表示变化的动词vary 加后缀派

生而成,其中various意思是“各种各样的,不同的,有变化

的”。例如:

for various reasons, we must take action to control the growth of population.由于种种原因,我们必须采取措施控

制人口增长。

Variable意思是“可变的,可更改的”,含有被动意义。例如:

Have you taken all the variable factors into account in your calculations? 在你的计算中有没有把所有的可变因素

考虑进去?

8.incredulous与incredible

incredulous 意思是“不相信的,不轻信的”,表示怀疑的,

指某人不相信,为主动。例如:

people nowadays are all incredulous about ghosts and witches.现在人们对鬼怪和女巫都不相信了。

Incredible 意思是“不可信的,难以置信的”,表示不可或难

以被人相信,含有被动意义。例如:

Your excuse that an elephant fell on you and made you late is just incredible. 你找的借口说一只大象落在你身上,

是你迟到了,这根本是不可信的。

二.褒义和贬义的区别

有些同根形容词在修饰名词时往往暗示出说话人对人或事物的褒扬或贬斥的态度。

1.notable 与notorious

notable意思是“著名的,显著地”(褒义)。例如:

a notable painter will give us a lecture this weekend.本周末一位著名画家将给我们做讲座。

Notorious意思是“众所周知的”,含有“臭名昭著的,声名狼藉的”意思(贬义)。例如:

The notorious gambler has been accused of murder recently.

那个声名狼藉的赌徒最近被指控犯了谋杀罪。

2.sensuous 与sensual

sensuous意思是“引起美感的,审美性的”(褒义)。例如:she derives sensuous delight from old church music.他从古老的教堂音乐中得到感官的快乐。

Sensual意思是“贪婪的,肉欲的,肉体方面的,好色的”(贬义)。例如:

A glutton always derives sensual pleasure from eating.贪食的人总是从饮食中得到肉体的享受。

以-like或-ly结尾的形容词均含有褒义,而以-ish结尾的形容词含有贬义。

3.childlike (childly)与childish

childlike 和childly 同义为“孩子般天真的,诚实的”(褒义)。例如:

his childlike (childly) directness of speech earned him good reputation.他说话像孩子般直截了当,赢得了好名声。Childish 意思是“像小孩一样幼稚的,傻气的”(贬义)。例如:Her behavior is rather childish.他的行为相当幼稚愚蠢。4.manlike (manly) 与mannish

manlike 和manly 一样表示“有男人气质的”,指其强壮,直爽,勇敢,坦率灯。例如:

it wasn’t manly (manlike) to wish for such indulgences.渴求沉溺于那种中满足成非君子。

Mannish意思是“像男人的”,往往指女人像男人一样笨拙,粗鲁等。例如:

What a mannish way to thread a needle! 真像男人穿线的样子(笨拙不堪)。

5.credible 与credulous

credible意思是“可信的”,类似reliable和dependable(可靠地),仅表示说话人对事物的肯定态度。例如:

a credible witness proved him to be innocent.以为可信的目击证人证明他是清白的。

Credulous意思是“轻信的,盲目轻信别人的”,含有贬义。例如:

Such a credulous fool as I was- I should have known better than to believe I’d get a contract.我是如此轻信别人的话的傻瓜-我应该很明白而不应该以为我会受聘。

6.terrific 与terrible

terrific除了表示“可怕的,吓人的”之外,常可以暗示“极好的,了不起的”(褒义)。例如:

my wife is terrific at any kind of sewing.我妻子干任何针线活都棒极了。

Terrible意思是“可怕的,严重的,糟透了的”(贬义)。例如:I’ve got terrible headache this morning.今天早晨,我头疼的厉害。7.gentle 与genteel

Gentle意思是“出生高贵的,文雅的”(褒义)。例如:

Her gentle manner was comforting.他和蔼的态度使人感到安慰。

Genteel还往往用以讽刺,意为“装绅士派头的,状体面的,假斯文的”,例如:

Her mannerisms were painfully genteel.他那种矫揉造作是假斯文。

三.具体与抽象的区别

这类词中,含义较为具体的形容词往往贴近原词根的本意,而含义较为抽象的形容词往往以其引申义出现。

1.sensible与sensitive

sensible表示“感觉到的”,所感觉的对象往往指比较复杂或抽象的事物。例如:a sensible difference 可以感觉到的差别

I am sensible of your kindness. 我深感你的好意。Sensitive “敏感的”,感觉到的对象通常指声、色、味等,较具体。例如:the eye is sensitive to light.眼睛对光敏感。

2.corporeal 与corporal

corporeal与精神或非物质相对,可指构成一个实体的任何事物。例如:the corporeal eye sees not all.肉眼不能看到一切。Food and drink are corporeal needs.食物和饮料是身体的必需品。

Corporal具体指身体,尤其指对身体的刑罚或指身体上的缺陷。例如:he has made great contribution to the corporation despite his corporal defects.他尽管身体有缺陷,但给公司做出了很大的贡献。

3.lineal与linear

lineal意为“直系的,嫡系的”,是line的抽象意义。例如:he died and left his lineal descendant a considerable sum of money.他死后给他的直系后代留下了数目很大的一笔钱。

Linear则具体指“线的,直线的”例如:linear art线条艺术

Some people think that a linear translation, or word of

word translation, is easier than a free translation.有人

认为直译或逐字翻译比自由翻译容易。

4.handsome 与handy

handsome 引申为“精巧的,好看的,英俊的”例如:a

handsome young man often gives free lessons in the

neighborhood. 一位英俊的年轻人经常给邻居免费讲课。

Handy意思是“手边的,方便的,近便的”语意较为具体。

例如:we had supper together in a handy restaurant

just around the corner.我们在就近的一家餐馆一起吃了

晚饭。

5.healthful 与healthy

healthful 意思是“增进健康的”,常用语比喻之健康有益

的。例如:a healthful spirit of cooperation is supposed

to be advocated.应当提倡一种健康有益的合作精神。

Healthy多指“身体健康的,健壮的”。例如:

It is necessary for the tired to keep a healthy body

first.退休老人首先要保持健康的身体。

三.专指和泛指的不同

有些形容词语义比较单一,专职某些事物或专用于某些场合,多以-ic后缀结尾。而有些形容词语义比较广泛,多以-ical结尾。

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0317029870.html,ic 与comical

comic通常专指“喜剧的”。例如:

as a comic actor, chaplin had brought much pleasure to the audience.作为喜剧演员,卓别林给观众带来许多快乐。Comical意思是“好笑的,滑稽的”,一般泛指认得表情、行为或某种场面。例如:

The football player dressed like a chorus girl was comical.一个足队员穿得像歌舞团的女孩是滑稽可笑的。

2.historic与historical

historic专指“有历史意义的,历史上有名的”。例如:the historic voyage into the outer space for the first time has been exiting.进入外层空间的首次历史性旅行时振奋人心的。Historical泛指“有关历史的”,例如:

What he described in the report are all historical events and people.他在报告中所描述的都是真实的历史事件和历史人物。

3.economic 与economical

economic意思是“经济学的,经济的”(专指)。例如:then the speaker went into the various factors leading to the present economic crisis.接下来演讲人讲述了导致目前经济危机的各种因素。

Economical则多指“经济实惠的,节约的,节省的”。例如:The car is economical to run.可这辆车费用很省。

4.electric与electrical

electric专指“电的,导电的,用电的”。例如:they are going to have the serviceman install an electric fan in the office tomorrow.明天他们打算让服务员在办公室按一台电扇。Electrical泛指“有关电气的,与电有关的”。

5.logic与logical

logic多用于名词,指“逻辑学的,伦理学的”,作形容词主要用于计算机语言中。

Logic calculation逻辑计算

Logical泛指“合乎逻辑的,按照逻辑发展的”。例如:

In preparing scientific reports of laboratory experiments, a student should present his findings in logical order and clear language.在准备试验报告时,学生应按照逻辑顺序并使用清晰的语言描述他的发现。

6.numeral与numerous

numeral专指“数字的”,例如:the numerical evaluation of an intelligence test is determined by a small subsection of that society.

Numerous泛指“许多的”,例如:

For that reason, there are numerous watch-dog committees at all levels of society.因此,社会上有各个层次的监督委员会。

中考英语易混淆词汇辨析[整理版]

中考词汇辨析 §1 a bit/ a little 这两个词都意为“一点儿”有时可以互换,但有时不能。 Ⅰ.二者作程度副词修饰形容词、副词、动词或比较级时,意义相同,为“一点儿”“有些”。如: ①I am a bit / a little hungry. 我有点饿。 ②He walked a bit / a little slowly. 他走路有点慢。 Ⅱ.二者都可以作名词词组,充当主语或宾语。如: ①A little / bit is enough for me. 我有一点儿就够了。 ②I know only a little / a bit about her. 我对她的情况只了解一点。 Ⅲ。a little可直接修饰名词;a bit后须加of才可以。如: ①.There is a little water in the bottle. = There is a bit of water in the bottle. [注意]a little of后的名词通常特指,表“……中的一些”,如: ①May I have a little of your tea? Ⅳ. 否定形式not a little 作状语,相当于very/ quite, “很”,“非常”;作定语和宾语时,相当于much, 意为“许多”。而not a bit 作状语时,相当于not at all, 意为“一点也不”,作宾语时则相当于not much. Eg: ①He is not a little (=very) hungry. 他饿极了。 ②He is not a bit (=not at all) hungry.他一点也不饿。 ③She ate not a little (=much). 她吃得很多。 Ⅴ. Not a bit中的not 可以分开使用;not a littl e中的not 则不能分开。Eg: ①He felt not a bit tired. = He didn’t feel a bit tired. 他觉得一点也不累。 ②He felt not a little tired. 他觉得非常累。但不能说:He didn’t fell a little tired. §2 a few/ few/ a little/ little Ⅰ. a few和few修饰可数名词,a little和little修饰不可数名词;a few和a little表示肯定意义,few和little表示否定意义,可受only修饰。如: ①Few people will agree to the plan because it’s too dangerous. ②This text is easy to understand though there are a few new words in it. ③T here is little water left in glass. Will you please give me some ④Don’t worry, we have a little time left. §3above/over/on/upon Ⅰ. 方位介词,“在……之上” Ⅱ. above 着重指:在……上方,不一定含有垂直在上的意思。反义词为:below. ①The sun rose above the horizon. 太阳升到了地平线上。 ②The aero plane flew above the clouds.飞机在云层上飞行。 Ⅲ.over 表盖在……上面,或铺在……上面。此时不能用above.代替。含有垂直在上的意思。反义词为under. ①Spread the tablecloth over the table.把桌布铺在桌子上。 Ⅳ. on 含有与表面相接触的意思。 ①The book is on the desk. ②There is an oil painting on the wall. 墙上有一幅油画。 Ⅴ.upon 也含有和表面相接触的意思。与on没有多大的区别,但较正式,口语中较少用。 ①He laid his hand upon the boy’s head. 他把手放在孩子的头上。 [注]up 与以上几个不同,它表示向上方或高处,含有由下而上,由低而高的意思。常和表示运动的动词连用。作副词时,表示在上方或高处。 ①We run up a hill. 我们跑上山。 ②The plane was high up in the air.飞机在高空中。 §4accept/receive Ⅰ. accept “接受”,表示其行为是由主观意愿决定的。 ①I accepted it without question. 我毫无疑问地接受了它。

最新初中英语词汇辨析的解析

一、选择题 1.—What do you think of the performance today? —Great! ________ but a musical genius could perform so successfully. A.All B.None C.Anybody D.Everybody 2.—Jerry looks so tired. He works too hard. —He has to ________ a family of four on his own. A.offer B.support C.provide D.remain 3.That path ________ directly to my house.You won't miss it. A.leads B.forms C.repairs D.controls 4.I don’t want to go. __________, I am too tired. A.However B.And C.Besides D.But 5.— Mr. Wilson, can I ask you some questions about your speech? — Certainly, feel __________ to ask me. A.good B.patient C.free D.happy 6.Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, ________ plants can spread to new places. A.so B.or C.but D.for 7.People who always do sports are in spirits than those who don't. A.high B.higher C.tall D.taller 8.He is wearing his sunglasses to himself from the strong sunlight. A.prevent B.stop C.keep D.protect 9.—Have you got Kathy’s________ for her concert? —Yes, I’d like to go and enjoy it. A.interview B.information C.invitation D.introduction 10.You should be careful to pay over the Internet, ________it’s not always safe. A.so B.because C.after D.as soon as 11.I didn't know which dictionary was better, so I took ________. A.none B.neither C.each 12.一Where is Mr. Brown? 一I think he's _____________ the music hall. A.on B.in C.over D.from 13.—Can you ________ some of the famous tourist attractions in Paris? —Sure. There is Notre Dame, the Eiffel Tower, the Louvre, etc. A.call B.tell C.name D.talk 14.—Bill, do you like________? —Yes. They’re healthy. A.ice-cream B.carrots C.salad 15.—Is that blue cup Paul's?

英语易混淆词汇知识整合辨析

一.表主动和被动的不同。 有些由动词词根派生而来的形容词与该形容词所修饰的词之间存在这逻辑上的主动或被动关系,其中以-able,-ible,和-ed后缀结尾的形容词往往含有被动意味,而以-ful,-ous,或-tive结尾的往往含有主动意味。 1.respectful与respectable(respecting,respective) respectful意思是“恭敬的,尊敬人的”,有主动性的“尊敬 他人”之意。例如:the children were well mannered and respectful toward grown-ups.孩子们彬彬有礼,尊敬大人。 Respectable是“可敬的,值得尊敬的”的意思,表示“还过 得去”,为一般性的赞语,含被动意味。例如: It’s not respectable to get drunk in the street.在大街上 喝的醉醺醺的是有失体统的。 Respecting常用作介词,表示“关于,,,,在,,,方面”之意。 例如: Problems respecting air pollution in cities should be considered seriously.关于城市空气污染问题应给与认真考虑。 Respective表示“各自的,分别的”的意思。 Go to your respective places.各就各位。 2.imaginative 与imaginable(imaginary) imaginative 意思是“富于想象力的”,和他所修饰的人之间 含有主动的关系。例如: teachers like imaginative children.老师喜欢富有想象力的

2016考研英语超难易混词汇辨析(二)

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