大学英语四六级语法精讲课程讲义

A.从介词开始到其后跟的名词结束

B.从介词开始到动名词结束

C.从介词开始到动名词的宾语结束2018年12月大学英语四六级语法精讲课程讲义

一、识别句子成分必须记住的原理

1.衡量是否是一个句子的标准：是否有动词，有动词就是句子，反之不是句子。

2.英语构句原则规定：一个简单句中只能有一个谓语动词

3.长难句的构成：主句、从句、介词短语、非谓语动词

（1）主句的辨识：谓语动词

（2）从句的辨识：连词+与之匹配的谓语动词

（3）介词短语：

（4）非谓语动词：4.衡量长难句划分是否正确的标准：整个句子中谓语动词的个数比连词多一个

5.长难句划分方法：连动切割法

·连动切割法：将句子中的所有连词和动词（连词、动词的排列不分先后）作为切割长难句的基

础，断开主句和从句。

·长难句划分的具体步骤：

【第一步】断开主句和从句

通读整个句子找出所有的连词或动词，并将连词和动词匹配起来（主要是针对从句而

言，主句不存在连词，从句连词和动词的匹配遵守就近原则），然后再给动词匹配主

语（主句的主语在谓语之前找；从句的主语在连词和与之匹配的谓语动词中间找，如

果它们中间没有任何词语，那么连词本身就是这个从句的主语。）

动名词（doing ）

动词不定式（to do ）

现在分词（doing ）

过去分词（done ）

【第二步】断开介词短语和非谓语动词

二、总结复习句子的主要成分

1、主语

（1）定义：主语是动作的发出者。

（2）位置：在谓语动词之前。

（3）什么可以充当主语：

2、谓语

（1）定义：述说主语的动作或状态。

（2）位置：在主语之后。（3）什么可以充当谓语：实意动词。

3、宾语

（1）定义：（2）位置：

（3）什么可以充当宾语：4、表语

（1）定义：表述主语的身份特征，性质状态的

（2）位置：在系动词之后

（3）什么可以充当表语：

A.名词：

B.代词：

C.介词短语：

D.非谓语动词：

E.句子：A.动作的承受者B.介词所联系的对象，即介词宾语（简称介宾）

A.名词：

B.代词：

C.介词短语：

D.非谓语动词：

E.句子：

A.名词：

B.代词：

C.形容词

D.介词短语：

E.非谓语动词：

F.句子：A.在谓语动词之后B.在非谓语动词之后C.在介词之后

5、定语

（1）定义：修饰限定名词

（2）位置：

（3）什么可以充当定语：

6、状语

（1）定义：修饰限定动词、形容词、副词、非谓语动词及整个句子

（2）位置：在句首、句中、句尾。

（3）什么可以充当状语：

7、补足语

（1）定义：（2）位置：在宾语之后

（3）什么可以充当补足语：

8、同位语：

（1）定义：对中心词进行解释说明，可以替代中心词。

（2）位置：在中心词之后

（3）什么可以充当同位语：情况一：单个的词作定语放在被修饰名词前（例外：单个的词修饰不定代词放在不

定代词之后）

情况二：两个或两个以上的单词（即短语，结构或句子）作定语放在被修饰的名词

后，即后置定语。

A.名词：

B.代词：

C.形容词：

D.介词短语：

E.非谓语动词：

F.句子：A.名词：B.介词短语：C.非谓语动词：D.句子：A.对宾语进行补充说明，即宾语补足语简称宾补

B.对主语进行补充说明，即主语补足语

A.名词：

B.形容词：

C.介词短语：

D.非谓语动词：A.名词：B.介词短语：C.非谓语动词：

三、真题长难句实战

例1.In such economies,individuals who possess the human capital characteristics that employers or clients values(e.g.,competence and ambition)are expected to be in high demand and short supply on the job market.

【参考译文】在这种经济模式下，拥有雇主和客户所重视的人力资本特征（例如，能力和抱负）的个人，预计在就业市场上供不应求。

例2.All researches agree that close to25billion devices,things and sensors will be connected by 2020which incidentally is also the moment that Millennials（千禧一代）are expected to make up75 percent of our overall workforce,and the fully connected home will become a reality for large numbers of people worldwide.

【参考译文】所有的研究都认为，到2020年，将近有250亿个设备、物品和传感器互联，顺便说一下，在这一年千禧一代预计会占据我们总劳动力的75%，并且完全互联的家庭会成为全世界大多数人所面临的问题。

例3.However,this is just the tip of the proverbial iceberg as smart buildings and even cities increasingly become the norm as leaders and business owners begin to wake up to the massive savings that technology can deliver through connected sensors and new forms of automation coupled with intelligent energy and facilities management.

【参考译文】然而，这只是众所周知的冰山一角，因为随着领导者和企业主考试意识到技术所带来的大量节省，智能建筑，甚至智能城市会越来越成为常态，该技术是通过连接的传感器以及与智能能源和设施管理相结合的自动化新形式而实现的。

例 4.Online security cameras,intelligent lighting and a wealth of sensors that control both temperature and air quality are offering an unprecedented level of control,efficiency,and

improvements to what were once classed necessary costs when running a business or managing a large building.

【参考译文】在线安保摄像头、智能照明以及大量控制温度与空气质量的传感器正在提供空前级别的控制、效率和改进，这些曾被归为经营企业或管理大型建筑物所必需的成本。

例5.The biggest and most exciting challenge of this technology is how to creatively leverage this ever-growing amount of data to deliver cost savings,improvements and tangible benefits to both businesses and citizens of these smart cities.

【参考译文】这项技术最大和最令人兴奋的挑战是如何创造性地利用这些日益增长的数据为这些智能城市的企业和公民带来成本节约、改进和切实的利益。

例6.And while the Portuguese took part in the trade,ferrying nuts down the coast along with other goods,by1620,when English explorer Richard Jobson made his way up the Gambia,the nuts were still peculiar to his eyes.

【参考译文】于是葡萄牙人加入其贸易，将这种果实和其他商品一起亚沿海岸线运出，但直到1620年英国探险家查理德·乔布森来到赞比亚时，可乐果在他看来依然十分稀奇。

例7.With the rise of a new concept in urban planning that aims to make life easier and more convenient,however,increasing popularity for areas that caused the real estate pushes,in major cities like San Francisco or New York,has inspired a type of forward thinking urbanity and policy in smaller cities.

【参考译文】然而，随着旨在令生活更加轻松便捷的城市规划理念逐渐兴起，失去越来越受欢迎，造成对房地产的助推，在像旧金山或纽约这样的大城市，激发出一种前瞻性的都市风格，并在较小的城市激发出新的政策。

例8.Transforming downtown areas so that they incorporate modern housing and improved walkability to local restaurants,retail,and entertainment—especially when combined with improved infrastructure for cyclists and public transit—makes them appeal to a more affluent

demographic.

【参考译文】改造城市中心区，使其将现代住宅与改良的步行可及的当地餐馆，零售商店和娱乐场所相融合——特别是当它们与为单车族和公共换成改良的基础设施相结合时，使其吸引到更多的富裕人口。

例9.Access to foot traffic and proximity to transit allow the type of entertainment-oriented businesses such as bars and restaurants to stay open later,which attracts both younger,creative workers and baby boomers nearing retirement alike.

【参考译文】步行交通和便利的换乘让诸如酒吧和餐馆这类以娱乐休闲为导向的商家可以开到更晚，吸引到年轻人、创意工作者和濒临退休的生育高峰一代等。

例10.The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases such as the trial of Rosemary West.

【参考译文】有些报社企图买断卷入诸如罗斯玛丽·韦斯特这样重大案件的证人（所能提供的信息）而向他们支付一定的费用，政府将要禁止这种行为。

例11.Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.

【参考译文】贝多芬习惯将音量逐步增加到最大，然后突然跟上轻柔的乐段，在他之前的作曲家很少使用这种方法。

【选词填空真题链接】

It seems to be a law in the technology industry that leading companies eventually lose their position, often quickly and brutally.Mobile phone champion Nokia,one of Europe's biggest technology success stories,was no__36__,losing its market share in just a few years.

In2007,Nokia accounted for more than40%of mobile phone sales__37__.But consumers' preferences were already__38__toward touch-screen smartphone.With the introduction of Apple's iPhone in the middle of that year,Nokia's market share__39__rapidly and revenue plunged.By the end of2013,Nokia had sold its phone business to Microsoft.

What sealed Nokia's fate was a series of decisions made by Stephen Elop in his position as CEO, which he__40__in October2010.Each day that Elop spent in charge of Nokia,the company's market value declined by$23million,making him,by the numbers,one of the worst CEOs in history.

But Elop was not the only person at__41__.Nokia's board resisted change,making it impossible for the company to adapt to rapid shifts in the industry.Most__42__,Jorma Ollila,who had led Nokia's transition from an industrial company to a technology giant,was too fascinated by the company's__43__ success to recognize the change that was needed to sustain its competitiveness.

The company also embarked on a__44__cost-cutting program,which included the elimination of thousands of jobs.This contributed to the__45__of the company's once-spirited culture,which had motivated employees to take risks and make miracles.Good leaders left the company,taking Nokia's sense of vision and direction with them.Not surprisingly,much of Nokia's most valuable design and programming talent left as well

.

A.assumed F.fault K.shifting

B.bias G.incidentally L.shrank

C.desperate H.notably M.subtle

D.deterioration I.previous N.transmitting

E.exception J.relayed O.worldwide

大学英语四级专项训练

大学英语四级专项训练——选词填空 （一） Americans are proud of their variety and individualty, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform. Why are uniforms so __1__ in the United States Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more __2__ than civilian（百姓的）clothes. People have become conditioned to __3__ superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to __4__ more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the __5__ of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What an easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to __6__ professional identity（身份）than to step out of uniform Uniforms also have many __7__ benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes. Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of __8__ experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without __9__, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act __10__, on the job at least. [A]skill [B]popular [C]get [D]change [E]similarly 、[F]professional [G]character [H]individuality [I] inspire [J] differently [K]expect [L]practical [M] recall [N] lose [O] ordinary （二） 、 Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can __1__ performance at work and school. Cognitive( 认识派的) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on __2__ and gifts from others. The latter view has gained many supporters, __3__ among educators. But the careful use of small __4__ rewards speaks creativity in grade school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements( 刺激) indeed __5__inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. “If kids know they’re working f or a reward and can focus on a relatively __6__ task, they show the most creativity,” says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But it’s easy to __7__ creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.

初二英语语法总结

初二英语语法总结 1) leave的用法 1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如： When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的？ 2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如： Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。 3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如： Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京？ 2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用 should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如：How should I know? 我怎么知道？ Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？ should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如： We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。 我们在使用时要注意以下几点： 1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如： You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。 2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如： You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。 3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如： We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。 She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 3) What...? 与 Which...? 1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如：What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？ 该句相当于： What does your father do?

四六级简明语法：the 最高级 比较范围

最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！ 洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0f4178311.html,/ielts/xd.html（报名网址）1) The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. 形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词the，副词最高级前可不用。 形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示"非常"。 It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 注意：使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。 (错)Tom is the tallest of his three brothers. (对)Tom is the tallest of the three brothers. 2) 下列词可修饰最高级，by far, far, much, mostly, almost This hat is nearly / almost the biggest. 注意： a.very可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。 This is the very best. This is much the best. b.序数词通常只修饰最高级。 Africa is the second largest continent. 3) 句型转换： Mike is the most intelligent in his class. Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class. 4) "否定词语+比较级"，"否定词语+ so…as"结构表示最高级含义。

大学英语四级试卷)

大学英语四级期末试卷 Part I: Multiple choice 20% Directions:For each of the following blanks, four choices are given. Choose the best word or phrase for each blank and mark A, B, C, or D on Answer Sheet. 1. Now that we’ve got a loan from the bank, our project is financially _____. A. constructive B. feasible C. favorable D. stiff 2. Due to his recent failure to meet the deadline, Jason is ____ from the list for promotion. . A. eliminated B. retreated C. pried D. wrenched 3. We need someone really ____ who can organize the office and make it run smoothly.. A. crucial B. realistic C. essential D. efficient 4. I am pleased to hear of your job offer-all that hard work at school has obviously __. A. paid off B. taken its toll C. made a difference D. shown up 5. As a reporter, I was paid to __ into other people’s lives. A. pry B. convert C. blurt D. carve 6. The mayor promised to trim the city budget without cutting ___ services. . A. essential B. appropriate C. equivalent D. lucrative 7. The doctor ___ Billy’s operation with x-rays and special exercises to make him stronger. A. went after B. followed up C. started up D. took on 8. A firm might sometimes sell at a loss to drive a competitor out of business, and__ increase its market power. A. therefore B. thereby C. hence D. further 9. You can ___ the video camera on a tripod (三脚架)，so that you don’t have to worry about holding it steady while you ask questions. A. withstand B. mount C. implement D. dwell 10. AIDS activists permanently changed and shortened America’s ___process for testing and approving new drugs of all kinds, for all diseases. A. efficient B. stagnant C. intricate D. appropriate 11.___ students should be motivated by a keen interest in theatre and should have some familiarity with plays in production.. A. prospective B. responsible C. ethnic D. realistic 12.However, the new law, once passed, will ___ the Bridlintong agreement illegal by giving workers the right to join unions of their choice.. A. convert B. render C. cancel D. eliminate 13.This course focuses on the ____ of economic analysis to the problems of inflation, unemployment, the balance of payments and enterprise behaviour. A. conception B. combination C. application D. introduction 14.The aircraft base is protected with specially designed shelters which are built to ___ ground and air attacks. A. launch B. withstand C. contest D. contend

大学英语四六级语法精讲课程讲义

A.从介词开始到其后跟的名词结束 B.从介词开始到动名词结束 C.从介词开始到动名词的宾语结束2018年12月大学英语四六级语法精讲课程讲义 一、识别句子成分必须记住的原理 1.衡量是否是一个句子的标准：是否有动词，有动词就是句子，反之不是句子。 2.英语构句原则规定：一个简单句中只能有一个谓语动词 3.长难句的构成：主句、从句、介词短语、非谓语动词 （1）主句的辨识：谓语动词 （2）从句的辨识：连词+与之匹配的谓语动词 （3）介词短语： （4）非谓语动词：4.衡量长难句划分是否正确的标准：整个句子中谓语动词的个数比连词多一个 5.长难句划分方法：连动切割法 ·连动切割法：将句子中的所有连词和动词（连词、动词的排列不分先后）作为切割长难句的基 础，断开主句和从句。 ·长难句划分的具体步骤： 【第一步】断开主句和从句 通读整个句子找出所有的连词或动词，并将连词和动词匹配起来（主要是针对从句而 言，主句不存在连词，从句连词和动词的匹配遵守就近原则），然后再给动词匹配主 语（主句的主语在谓语之前找；从句的主语在连词和与之匹配的谓语动词中间找，如 果它们中间没有任何词语，那么连词本身就是这个从句的主语。） 动名词（doing ） 动词不定式（to do ） 现在分词（doing ） 过去分词（done ）

【第二步】断开介词短语和非谓语动词 二、总结复习句子的主要成分 1、主语 （1）定义：主语是动作的发出者。 （2）位置：在谓语动词之前。 （3）什么可以充当主语： 2、谓语 （1）定义：述说主语的动作或状态。 （2）位置：在主语之后。（3）什么可以充当谓语：实意动词。 3、宾语 （1）定义：（2）位置： （3）什么可以充当宾语：4、表语 （1）定义：表述主语的身份特征，性质状态的 （2）位置：在系动词之后 （3）什么可以充当表语： A.名词： B.代词： C.介词短语： D.非谓语动词： E.句子：A.动作的承受者B.介词所联系的对象，即介词宾语（简称介宾） A.名词： B.代词： C.介词短语： D.非谓语动词： E.句子： A.名词： B.代词： C.形容词 D.介词短语： E.非谓语动词： F.句子：A.在谓语动词之后B.在非谓语动词之后C.在介词之后

大学英语四级试卷-英语四级考试模拟题及答7

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Calculate for a moment what could be done with even a part of those hours. Five thousand hours, I am told, are what a typical college undergraduate spends working on a bachelor's degree. In 10,000 hours you could have learned enough to become an astronomer or engineer. You could have learned several languages fluently. If it appealed to you, you could be reading Homer in the original Greek or Dostoyevsky in Russian. If it didn't, you could have walked around the world and written a book about it. The trouble with television is that it discourages concentration. Almost anything interesting and rewarding in life requires some constructive, consistently applied effort. The dullest, the least gifted of us can achieve things that seem miraculous to those who never concentrate on anything. But Television encourages us to apply no effort. It sells us instant gratification(满意). It diverts us only to divert, to make the time pass without pain. Television's variety becomes a narcotic(麻醉的), nor a stimulus. Its serial, kaleidoscopic (万花筒般的)exposures force us to follow its lead. The viewer is on a perpetual guided tour: 30 minutes at the museum, 30 at the cathedral, 30 for a drink, then back on the bus to the next attraction—except on television., typically, the spans allotted arc on the order of minutes or seconds, and the chosen delights are more often car crashes and people killing one another. In short, a lot of television usurps(篡夺;侵占) one of the most precious of all human gifts, the ability to focus your attention yourself, rather than just passively surrender it. Capturing your attention—and holding it—is the prime motive of most television programming and enhances its role as a profitable advertising vehicle. Programmers live in constant fear of losing anyone's attention—anyone's. The surest way to avoid doing so is to keep everything brief, not to strain the attention of anyone but instead to provide constant stimulation through variety, novelty, action and movement. Quite

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2019大学英语四级考试阅读专项练习(32) Passage 2 If you are looking for information, library shelves are a good place to start. But if you need up-to-the-minute data or have specialized needs, you may find a computerized database more useful, less expensive, and less time 11 .A database, a file of information on one subject or family of subjects, can be stored and 12 in a computer's memory. The speed of the computer then 13 you to recall any item in this file almost 14 The three main types of databases are statistical, bibliographic, and full text. Statistical databases store 15 amounts of numerical data, such as wage and price indexes, census information, foreign 16 rates and bond prices. Bibliographic databases store references to and summaries of articles in periodicals and newspapers. Full-text databases offer the complex texts of such 17 as newspaper, magazine, and journal articles. Thousands of databases exist today, and their numbers are growing. Many companies have their in-house database, which is 18 to employees through computer terminals or microcomputers. In addition, several hundred commercial databases are now available to the 19 , with literally millions of items of information readily obtainable. These databases 20 specific fields, such as law and financial forecasting, or general information, such as sports and weather data. A. exchange B. public C. instantly D. cover

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2007年6月大学英语四级考试A卷试题以及答案 Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Welcome to our club. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow: 欢迎辞，欢迎加入俱乐部。 标题：Welcome to our club 书写提纲： 1. 表达你的欢迎； 2. 对你们俱乐部作一个简要介绍。 Welcome to English club! It could serve as a platform to show your outstanding abilities and help you develop a range of great skills. You can be involved in a variety of activities including staging musical dramas, holding group discussions and watching Oscar-winning movies. These extra-curricular activities could offer you ample opportunities. First, you active participation is helpful to strengthen the sense of responsibility and managing interpersonal relations. Second, various activities organized by us could raise your level of proficiency in English. A good command of English empowers you to enjoy decided competitive edge over your peers. You can file a written application to our staff office or email us via bonoo@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0f4178311.html,. The deadline for entries is Sept.25th. Come on, join us now! 注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; Y(for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 8-10. complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Protect Your Privacy When Job-hunting Online Identity theft and identity fraud are terms used to refer to all types of crime in which someone wrongfully obtains and uses another person's personal data in some way that involves fraud or deception, typically for economic gain. The numbers associated with identity theft are beginning to add up fast these days. A recent General Accounting Office report estimates that as many as 750.000 Americans are victims of identity theft every year. And thai number may be low, as many people choose not to report the crime even if they know they have been victimized. Identity theft is "an absolute epidemic," states Robert Ellis Smith, a respected author and

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2019大学英语四级考试阅读专项练习(6) Passage 2 America's most famous woman is the Goddess of Liberty, i. e. the Statue of Liberty. It was first thought of in 1865 by Edouard de Laboulaye and designed by another Frenchman, Frederic Bartoldi. They wanted to 11 liberty and friendship. It was hoped that the monument would be completed by 1876 when America 12 its centennial. Fund raising and the 13 of the statue in France went slowly. It was 1885 when the 214 crates containing the statue reached New York. Americans were initially 14 for they had not raised the money to pay for the erection of the base. Fund raising by popular subscription was behind 15 . One fund raising method used was to have popular Americans write letters which were then sold in public. The base and statue, 16 272 feet tall, were completed in 1886. From a 17 standpoint, the statue is a marvel. The inner structure was designed by the French engineer, Alexandre Eiffel. His design for the stressed copper skin of the statue anticipated many of the 18 utilized in modern aircraft. After a century, the monument began to show signs of getting worse in 19 . Just as Frenchmen had created the Statue, so it was with restoration. A Frenchman noted the decay and French and American craftsmen and contributions brought about the renewal of the Statue in time for its centennial.Liberty is still 20 in France and the United States.

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