研究生英语翻译答案
第二章
1.In circuits requiring capacitance the necessary capacitance is provided by a device called a capacitor．在需要电容的线路中，所需的电容由称为电容器的元件提供。
2.What would happen provided there were a conducting wire between two points of unequal potential?如果在电位不等的两点间有一根导线，那么情况将会是怎样的呢?
3.Y ou must remember that we are here to serve the society that we are building a New Soci ety．The bureaucracy has this rare opportunity to prove it’S worth to build a progressive nation．你们必须记住，我们是为社会服务的，我们正在建设一个新社会，这是全体政府官员显示其才干，建设一个进步国家的好机会。
4.There was．no provocation．f or such an angry letter．写这一封怒气冲冲的信简直是毫无道理。
5.We took brief, restless naps，struggled to understand the intermittent broadcasting of Radio Prague．我们忐忑不安，朦朦胧胧地打了几个盹，竭力想听懂布拉格电台断断续续的广播。
1．Like charges repel；unlike charges attract．相同的电荷相斥，不同的电荷相吸。
2．Ohm’S law is very usef ul f or the industry because it enables one to calcul ate the current，voltage or resistance of any circuit，i f the values of the other two factors are known．欧姆定律对工业来说是十分有用的，因为它使人们能算出任何电路中的电流、电压或电阻，条件是已知其中两个因数。
3．Although the recession has reached every com er of the planet，the impact is uneven．虽然这场经济衰退波及全球的每个角落，但各地受到的影响不尽相同。
4. “Outside the stadium something of a carnival atmosphere prevails，’’he wrote in the American Journal of Sociology．“体育馆外边呈现出一种狂欢节似的气氛”，他在《美国社会学杂志》上写道。
5. When the switch is closed，charges from the source will distribute themselves on the plates，that is，a current will f low．当开关接通时，来自电源的电荷自行分布在极板上，也就是说，电流就流动了。
6．Men Can think，feel，and sympathize with each other through their f avorite author．They 1ive in him together，and he in them．人们可以通过共同爱好的作家的作品而达到思想感情上的一致。他们的思想和感情都在他的作品中得到反映，而他的思想感情又在他们的身上体现出来。
7.But I suspected that if I tried to release the wol f,she would tum aggressive and try to tear me to pieces．可是我想，要是我去放这只狼，她会凶狠地扑过来，要把我撕成碎片的。
8.Words once reserved f or rest-room wa11s are now common stuf f in f ilms, plays,books and even on television．曾经是不登大雅之堂的言语，如今充斥于电影、戏剧、书籍之中，甚至充斥在电视上。
9. Semi—conductors have been already f ound．wide application in radio engineering，automation，electrical engineering and many other branches of science and technology．半导体己广泛应用于无线电工程、自动化、电气工程以及许多其他科技分支中。
10.In some cases，deserts，are the creation of destruction of virgin f orest．沙漠有时是人类毁坏原始森林造成的。
第三章
1.In the evening,af ter the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibition, he would work on repairing the radio receiver．晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演之后，他还得修理无线电接收机。
2.He f elt the patriot rise within his breast，and af ter all preparations were made，he decided to leave the U．S．at once by plane f or our great motherland．他感到一种爱国热情在胸中激荡。一切准备工作就绪以后，他就决定立即乘机离开美国，回到我们伟大的祖国来。
3.Product technology will shif t from the present scale merit technology to technology using microprocessors or minicomputers．产品制造技术将从目前的等级优值(从大批量生产中得益的)技术转移到使用微处理机或小型计算机(控制而适合于多品种小批量生产)的技术。
4.Af ter people have learned that magnets attract things，centuries passed bef ore they took note of the f act that magnets sometimes also repel things．人们早已知道了磁铁能吸引别的物体，又过了几百年，才注意到磁铁有时也排斥别的物体这一事实。
5. I said to her，“If you have read these stories，tell—the—m in your own words．”But she covered her face with her hands as if to protect her eyes．我对她说：“如果你已读过
这些故事，用你自己的话讲出来。”但她用手蒙住脸，好
像要保护自己的眼睛。
1.Reading makes a f ull man；conf erence a ready man；
writing an exact man．读书使人充实，谈话使人敏捷，写
作使人准确。
2.Af ter all preparations were made，the planes were f lown
across the Paci f ic to SanFrancisco．一切准备工作就绪以
后，飞机就飞越太平洋去旧金山。
3.We must enable everyone who receives education to
develop morally，intellectually and physically．我们应该使
受教育者在德育、智育、体育几个方面都得到发展
4.Do you agree with me in doing translation strictly
according to the principles studied? 你赞成不赞成我的看
法：在进行翻译的过程中，应该严格遵守所学的规则。
5.To him，the birds sang，the squirrel chattered and the
f lowers bloomed．鸟儿向他唱歌，松鼠对他叽咕，花儿也
为他开放。
6.Bef ore you hand in your paper，you have to read it over
and see i f there is anything in it to be corrected and
revised．交卷前，必须检查几遍，看有没有需要修改的地
方。
7.University applicants who had worked at a job would
receive preference over those who had not．报考大学的人，
有工作经验的优先录取。
8．He is very handsome．他很潇洒。
9.Never get on or off the bus bef ore it comes to a
standstill．车未停稳，切勿上下。
10.In twelve Y enan years the Chinese Communists had f itted
themselves to the land the rhythm of its seasons，the mood of
its peasants．十二年的延安岁月，中国共产党人已经适应
了当地的风土和季节，也适应了农民潭的气质。
第四章
1．We can never speak without emotion of China’s
telecommunications satellite．一谈到我国的电信卫星，我
们总是激动万分。
2．Not much was known of the electronic computer ten years
ago．10年前关于电子计算机还知道得不多。(“not much”
译成部分否定“不多"。)
3．The speed of radio waves is too great f or US to measure in
simple units．无线电波的速度太大，我们不能用普通的单
位来计量。
4．V ery f ew of the everyday things around US are really pure
states of matter．我们周围的日常用物中几乎没有什么东
西是纯态的。
5．Proton has a positive charge and electron a negative
charge hut neutron has neither．质子带正电荷，电子带负
电荷，而中子则两种电荷都不带。
1.Nothing is hard in this world，if you dare to scale the
heights．世上无难事，只要肯攀登。
2.There exist neither perfect insulators nor perfect
conductors．既没有完全的绝缘体，也没有完全的导体。
3.Neither problem has been solved．两个问题哪个也没解
决。
4.All metals are not good conductors．并非所有金属都是良
导体。
5.Thus，f riction is not always an evil．这样说来，摩擦并
非总是不好的。
6.Not many of things are of use in form in which they are
f ound．不是许多东西在处于被发现的形式时就是有用的。
7.There is no material but will def orm more or less under the
action of f orces．各种材料在力的作用下多少会有些变形。
8.Socialism is beyond doubt superior to capitalism．社会主
义无疑优越于资本主义。
9.I don’t think electrons Can transf er energy in any
circumstance．我想，并非在任何情况下，电子都能传送
能量。
10.Without scientif ic experiment and without new
techniques，there can be no great increase in labour
productivity，and our socialist system will not be able to
display its superiority to the f ull．．．．不搞科学实验，不采
用新技术，就不能大幅度地提高劳动生产率，就不能充分
显示我国社会主义制度的优越性。
第五章
1.Conductors have very small resistances,and the smaller the
resistance,the better the conductor．导体的电阻小，电阻越
小，导体越好。
2.There have been many great changes in China since
liberation．解放以来中国发生了许多巨大的变化。
3.The same signs and symbols of mathematics are used
throughout the world. 全世界都使用同样的数学记号和符
号。
4.Ice is not as dense as water and theref ore it f loats．冰的密
度比水小，因此能浮在水面上。
5.Gases are di fferent f rom solids in that the f ormer have
greater compressibility than the latter．气体不同于固体，因
为气体比固体有更大的压缩性。
6. We must advocate hard struggle，which is our intrinsic
political charact eristic．我们要提倡艰苦奋斗，艰苦奋斗是
我们的政治本色。
7.Anyone who thinks that rational knowledge need not be
derived f rom perceptual knowledge is an idealist．如果以为
理性认识可以不从感性认识得来，他就是一个唯心论者。
8.The sun heats the earth，which makes it possible f or plants
to grow．太阳晒热大地，这就使植物有可能生长。
9.There is nothing that does not contain contradiction；
without contradiction nothing would exist．没有什么事物是
不包含矛盾的，没有矛盾就没有世界。
10.Will you tell us something about your teaching plan f or
next week? 你愿意谈谈你下周的教学计划吗?
11.He took out f rom his pocket the last piece of boiled ox—
hide and gave it to me．他从口袋里拿出最后一块煮熟了的
牛皮给我。
12.The Cubans f ought SO bravely that the invasion was
crushed in seventy—two hours．古巴人打得很勇敢，他们
在七十二小时内就把敌人的入侵粉碎了。
13.The more we can do f or you, the happier we will be．我们
为你们做得越多，越感到高兴。
14.Solutions of the problem of old age have to be considered
against a historical back ground of slow but substantial
changes in Chinese family structure，caused by rising living
standards and family planning．由于人民生活水平的不断
提高以及计划生育，中国的家庭结构发生着缓慢却又具有
实质性的变化，必须根据这『H一历史背景考虑人到老年
的问题。
15.Having just lef t school or technical institute，where they
had their place and a task to f ul f il and where they were
known and esteemed by their colleagues，those young people
who do not land that f irst job they were SO eagerly looking
f orward to have to face up f or the f i rst time to
unemployment，a situation f or which neither f amily nor
school has prepared them．青年人在学校或技术学院都各
得其所，各有自己需要完成的任务，受到同学的了解和尊
重。而现在，他们刚刚离校，却找不到自己孜孜以求的第
一个职业，不得不面对有生以来的第一次失业。对于这种
情况，无论是家庭还是学校都没有为帮助他们做好准备。
第六章
1.Some electronic computers can do calculations．500,000
times f aster tha—n any person can．有些电子计算机，其运
算速度为人的500 000倍。
2.The atomic weight of oxygen is 16 times as heavy as that
of hydrogen．氧的原子量是氢的16倍。(或译为：氧的原
子量比氢的大15倍。)
3.The earth is 49 times the size of the moon．地球的大小为
月球的49倍。
4.In 1 999 the output value of this city’s light industry
multiplied six times as against 1987．1999年与1987年相
比，该市的轻工业总产值增长了五倍。
5.There is a three times increase of our institute’s area as
compared with last year。现在我们学院的面积比去年增加
了两倍。
6.The output of diesel oil f or farm use has been increased by
a factor of f ive these years．这几年，农用柴油的产量增加
了四倍。
7.This year the production of walking—tractors has，
increased by three times．今年，手扶拖拉机的产量增加了
三倍。
8.This wire is half as long again as that one．这根导线的长
度是那根导线的一倍半。(或：这根导线比那根导线长一
半。)
9.One night on the moon is longer than that on the earth by a
factor of 14．月球上的一个黑夜的时长是地球上一个黑夜
的14倍。(或：月球上的一个黑夜比地球上的一个黑夜长
13倍。)
10.The production of machine tools has been trebled in our
factory．我厂的机床产量已提高到原来的三倍。
11.The length of the plastic pipe is a three times reduction
over that of the metal one．这根塑料管的长度比那根金属管的长度缩短了2／3。
12.The weight of the new machine tool was decreased by a factor of ten．新车床的重量减少了9／l0.
13.The can—sealing machine works f i f ty percent faster than that one．这台封罐机比那台封罐机的工作速度快一半(50％)。
14.There is a 15%increase of students as compared with in our college last year．我们学院的学生数比去年增加了15％。
15.The height of the small bridge should be cut to 50%.那座小桥的高度应降低到原来的一半(50％)。
第七章
专业术语
1．responser 雷达回答器
2．telescribe 电话答录机
3．baud 波特（发报速率单位）
4．siemens 西门子（电导单位）
5．engine 引擎→发动机
6．microampere 微安（培）
7．Y qoint 叉形接头
8．C—spring C形接头
9．X—wave X波
10．Q signal Q信号
11．PNPN SWI TCH PN PN开关
12．Morse code 莫尔斯电码
13．walkie—talkie 步话机
14．submarine 潜水艇
缩合词
15．Fortran=f ormula—translator
公式翻译语言，公式转换器
16．Op—amp=operational amplif ier 运算放大器17．skylab=sky laboratory 天空实验室
18．avionics=aviation electronics 航空电子学19．ampholyte=amphoteric electrolyte 两性电解质20．transceiver=transmi~er and receiver 收发报机21．newscast=news broadcast 新闻广播
22．telecast=television broadcast 电视广播23．transistor=transf er—resistor
半导体管，晶体管
24．positron=positive electron 正电子25．tacsatcom=tactical satellite communication
战术卫星通讯
26．cablegram=cable—t elegram 海底电报27．pistolgraph=pistol—photograph 快照摄影机
28．收录机面板上的英文
①OPEN 开机
②PowER OUTPUT：18W PMPo
13W RMSMAX
输出功率：正常功率输出：18瓦
最大有效值：13瓦
③PO WER cONsuMPll0N：24w 功耗：24瓦
④DCl2V 8 PCSUM．1BA TTERIES
直流12伏，1号电池8节
⑤Mw525．1625 kHz中波525—1625千赫兹
FM 88—108 MHz 调频88～108兆赫兹
SWl 2．3．7 MHz短波I2．3—7兆赫兹
SW2 7-22 MHz 短波II 7—22兆赫兹
⑥DIN 噪音
LINEOUT 输出线
LINEIN 输入线
⑦EXT．MIC 外接话筒
EXT SPEAKER 外接扬声器
第九章
一、将下列句子翻译成英语，注意汉语重“意合’’，英语重“形合”的特点。
1.你来了，我马上就走。1 will go as soon as you come here．
2.想吃什么，只管告诉我。Whatever you like to eat，just tell me．
3.跑了和尚，跑不了庙。The monks may run away，but the temple cannot run away．
4.留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。As long as the green mountains are there，one should not worry about f irewood．
5.有一天，他为了一件要紧的事，要搭火车到上海去。他从从容容地走到火车站，迟了两分钟，火车已经开走了。One day，he wanted to go to Shanghai by train on urgent business．But he arrived at the railway station unhurriedly only to f ind the train already gone，because he was two minutes late．
6.送牛奶的同志，进门就夸“好香’’!这使我们全家都感
到骄傲。It f illed the whole f amily with pride whenever the
milkman exclaims on entering our gate．“What a sweet
smell!”
7.现在你们是大学生了，作文题目可以由你们自己拟，每
学期至少要交七八篇文章，多多益善。Now that you’re
university students，you may write on any subject of your
own choice．Y ou must hand in f or each semester at least
seven or eight compositions．The more，the better．
8.在宁静的环境，悠闲的心情中静静地读书，是人生中最
有味的享受。It is the greatest joy of lif e f or one to spend his
leisure time reading in quiet surroundings．
9.是好的建议，谁来提都无关紧要。If the suggestion is
advisable，it is no matter who gives it．
10.老人也好，年轻人也好，都应定期体检以了解自己的
健康状况。People，old and young，ought to take physical
examinations at regular intervals so as to know about their
own health．
二、讨论题。对比原文，看下列译文对语序进行了哪些调
整?为什么要这样处理?
1.明天晚上在203房间开会。The meeting is to be held in
Room 203 tomorrow evening．
2.他连大衣也忘了拿就跑了。He rushed off,even
f orgettin
g to take his overcoat．
3.他们的目的是找寻途径来满足农民“变低产田为高产
田”的要求。Their aim is to f ind ways to satisf y the
peasants’demand“to change low—yielding land to
high-yielding land．”
4.他不是那种鲁莽行事的人。He is not a man to act rashly．
5.我来到厦门中学教书，完全是一种意外的收获。It has
been an unexpected piece of luck f or me to become a teacher
at Xiamen Middie Sch001．
6.教室里传来了朗朗的读书声。There came the sound of
reading aloud in the classroom．
7.行李压得扁担嘎吱响。The shoulder pole cracked under
the weight of the luggage．
三、用意译法将下列句子翻译成英语。
1.穷困时，就一个人跑去马路上喝西北风，躲在亭子间里
喝自来水。When I’m broke，I’11 go strolling around the
streets alone on an empty stomach，or shut myself up in my
small room with nothing to eat．
2.路是这般遥远，望过去似乎就在半里以内，而走起来时
经过了不知多少的草棚茅舍，还没有到达目的地。The
place was f arther than it seemed．We had to walk past
numerous straw sheds and cottages bef ore we got there．
3.儿女有时悄悄地溜进我的书房，拨拨117，听那下面一
响是某点某分某秒的声儿。My kids would sometimes steal
into my study and dial 11 7 to listen to the voicereporting the
exact time．
4.不过，尽管花草自己会奋斗，我若置之不理，任其自生
自灭，它们多数还是会死了的。Although such f lowers are
able to weather through by themselves，I，however，never
ignore them or abandon them to their own f ate，f or otherwise
most of them will probably end up dead．
5.要绝对避免危险就莫要做人。Enjoying absolute saf ety is
humanly impossible．
6.近几年来，父亲和我都是东奔西走，家中光景是一日不
如一日。In recent years，both f ather and I have been living
an unsettled lif e，and the circumstances of our f amily going
from bad to worse．
7.小时候我有一个愿望：我愿在你的庇荫下做一世的孩
子。现在只有让梦来满足这个愿望了。When 1 was
young．1 wished I could remain a kid f orever under your
wing．Now I call
f ul f ill this wish only in my dreams．
8.过去，从斋堂进北京靠羊肠小道，需要六七天的时间。
In the past，it took six or seven days to go f rom Zhaitang to
Beijing through a winding trail．
四、阅读下列原文和译文，用所给动词的适当形式填空。
房墙上开窗子是后来的事。随着窗子的开凿和扩大，
人类文明的曙光也随着扩大。
窗子，自从它出现的那天起，它就成为阳光的眼睛，
空气的港口，成了自然和社会的纽带。
随着时间流逝，层楼的加多，窗子也越来越多了。看
到高层的建筑，就会惊叹窗子是房屋最鲜明的象征。没有
窗子的房子，几乎也就没法把它唤作屋子了。
有谁未曾享受过开窗的喜悦呢?打开窗子，突然见到青
山闯了进来，打开窗子，看到柳色的清新，小燕的飞来……
Making(make)a window in the wall was(be)a much
later invention．As the popularity of windows grew (grow)，
so did the civilization of man develop．
The window，ever since its birth，has been (be)the eye to
the sun，a port f or taking (take)in fresh air，and a tie between
nature and human society．
With the passage of time and increase of tall buildings，
more and more windows have appeared (appear)．Now，at
the sight of a multi—storey building，one cannot help
exclaiming at how the window is(be)so symbolic of the
house．Without a window，a house could hardly be called as
such．
Who hasn’t experienced(not experience)great
delight in opening a window?The moment you
open(open)it，you will be (be)immediately struck by
imposing blue mountains，f resh green willows，little
swallows f lying towards you…
五、将下列句子翻译成英语，注意冠词的用法。
1.在兽类中我最爱虎。Of all animals，I like the tiger best．
2.他抓住小偷的衣领。He grasped the thief by the collar．
3.这颜色悦目。This color is pleasant to the eye．
4.我们的胜利对世界上被压迫的民族是极大的鼓舞。Our
victory was a great inspiration to the oppressed peoples of
the world．
5.中国人民正在建设社会主义新文化。The Chinese people
are building up a new socialist culture．
6.我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。I received a letter
from my pen f riend in Australia．
7.学生会将举办晚会来欢迎美国朋友。The Student Union
is going to hold a party to welcome our f riends from the
United States．
8.书籍到了我的手里，我的习惯是先看序文，次看目录。
As soon as a new book comes to hand，I always read the
preface f irst and then the table of contents．
第十章
一、翻译下列词语。
1.长江三峡工程the Y angtze River Three Gorges Proj ect
2.和平演变peacef ul evolution towards capitalism
3.海峡两岸two／both sides of the Taiwan Straits
4.百年老店century—old shop
5.党群关系Party—masses relationship
6.背景音乐background music
7.黑色收入illegal／under—the—table income
8.朝阳工业sunrise industry
二、完成下列句子的翻译。
1．We want solid results，not(表面文章) show.
2．The Chinese people (炎黄子孙)——on both sides of the
Straits will be reunited sooner or later．
3.Hope Projec t (希望工程)——is a program to collect
money f rom all sectors of society to support education in
poor areas．
4．Beijing Opera，Chinese medicine and traditional
Chinese painting(京剧、中医和国画)——are three
quintessential f orms of Chinese culture．
5．The theme song of this movie was sung by(一位歌坛新秀)
a new star singer.
6．He is such a green—eyed monster (有红眼病)——that
he is always jealous of other people’s
achievement．
7．The two universities，with the city’S Education
Commission as their(红娘) go—between,have signed an
agreement of academic exchanges．
8.Shanghai police seized a gang of train tickets(黄牛)
scalpers——at Shanghai Railway Station yesterday．
三、下面的句子有歧义，找出原因，并根据不同的语境给
出相应的译文。
1.我校图书馆收藏了鲁迅的书。Our school library collects
the books owning by Lu Xun．Or：Our school library collects
the books written by Lu Xun．
2.他谁都不认识。He knew nobody．Or：No one knew him．
3.开刀的是他朋友。His f riend operated on a patient．Or：
His f riend underwent an operation．
4.这只小白兔差一点没活。This white rabbit was still
alive．Or：This white rabbit died．
五、翻译下列成语。
惊师动众bother many people f or something 朝思暮想
yearn day and night 惊涛骇浪raging waves 隔墙有耳
walls have ears破釜沉舟burn one’S boat 一帆风顺
plain sailing
煽风点火f an the f lame 空中楼阁castles in the air
六、完成下列句子的翻译，注意英汉成语的不同表达方式。
1.滥伐林木，无异于杀鸡取卵。
Denudation(滥伐)of f orests is tantamount(等价)to killing
the goose that lays golden eggs。
2.还从来没有人敢在我的家里违抗我的命令，我这可真是养虎遗患。
I have never seen the individual who has dared to question my authority in my own house—have nourished a viper in my bosom．
3.这就是鹬蚌相争，渔翁得利。
This is：two dogs strive f or a bone，and a third runs away with it．
4.跟他谈花道等于对牛弹琴。
To talk to him about the art of f lower arrangement is like casting pearls bef lore swine
5.她教起书来如鱼得水。
She has taken to teaching like a duck to water．
6.他和其余的人一样同我作对，他们都是一丘之貉。
He has been against me like the rest，and they are but birds of one feather．
第十一章
一、讨论题。
1．幸亏是这些青年妇女，白洋淀长大的，她们摇的小船飞快。It was lucky that all these young wives had grown up by the river：Their boat went like the wind．
2．用劳动实现自己的理想，用理想指导自己的劳动。Y ou realize your ideas through labor and you guide your labor by ideas．
3．早上我起来的时候，小屋里射进两三方斜斜的太阳。When I got up in the morning. I f ound several beams of sunlight penetrating through the window into my house．4．树缝里也漏着一两点路灯光，没精打采的，是渴睡人的眼。Here and there a f ew rays from street-lamps f iltered through the trees，listless as the eyes of one who is dozing．5．即便永远不再有人去触动它们，你仍然可以凭想象听见它们可能发出的决然不同的鸣响。
Even though they are never touched by anybody, you can still imagine the vastly dif ferent sounds they can possibly produce．
6．春来夏去，我家男人却忙起了工作和会议。The next year saw my husband burying himself in work and meetings．7．空旷的山野上，荡起了她甜甜的笑声。In the wilderness，her sweet sounds of laughter rose and fell like waves．8．热烈欢迎世界各地客商来此进一步加强合作，建立和发展贸易关系。Customers f rom various countries and regions are warmly wel come to establish and develop business contacts．
二、翻译下列句子，注意重新确定句子的主语。
1．天上挂着一轮明月。A bright round moon hangs in the sky．
2．我们家里住过一些年轻的战士。Some young soldiers once stayed in our house．
3．明年要出版更多的书籍。A great number of new books will be published next year．
4．河上新架了一座桥。A new bridge was built across the f iver．
5．一想到要出国深造，他就激动不已。The idea that he would go abroad f or f urther study made him greatly excited. 6．我没想到你会反对。It never occurred to me that you would object．
7．光以直线传播是众所周知的事情。It is a well-known f act that light travels in straight lines.
8．该地区有丰富的自然资源。There are plenty of natural resources in that area．
三、翻译下列句子，注意适当增补句子的主语。
1．人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。It is impossible to judge people f rom their appearance，and impossible to measure the ocean by pints．
2．不懂就是不懂，不要装懂。We must not pretend to know when we do not know．
3．胎又瘪了。We have got another f lat tire．
4．好像要下雨了。It looks like rain．
5．要实现统一，就要有个适当方式。There must be a proper way to realize reuni f i cation．
6．故宫耗时14年，整个工程于1420年结束。The construction of the Forbidden City took 14 years, and was f inished in 1420．
7．家庭和健康之间存在着密不可分的关系。There exists between a family and health an intimate and inseparable relationship．
8．他们上周讨论的就是这本小说。It is this novel that they talked about last week．
四、讨论题。1．他心直口快，总是愿意和任何人交朋友，所以很快就
赢得了大家的信任。His outspokenness and readiness to
make friends with anyone soon won their trust．
2．我知道你要说服他放弃那个计划是很困难的。I know it
is dif f i cult f or you to persuade him out of the plan．
3．他想去试一试，看看能不能举起这个箱子。He wanted
to try if he could lif t up the box．
4．他模糊地听得行人在那里说铁路已断火车不开的话。
On the way，he heard passers-by commenting on the f act that
trains were no longer running．
5．他心中似乎很安慰，有似乎有点儿怅惘，顿了一顿，
终于前去买了一张三等票就走入车厢里坐着。He f elt both
relieved and depressed. Af t er a slight hesitation he bought
himself a third-class ticket and boarded the train．
6．猴子总是乱摇瓶子，很费力气而不能必得。The monkey
always shook the bottle f rantically, with great eff ort but
without necessarily achieving the desired result．
7．十年前启动的星火计划在发展高新技术产业和促进研
究成果商品化方面已取得了初步成就。The Torch Program,
launched 10 years ago，has brought about initial success in
developing new and high-tech industries and promoting the
commercialization of research results.
8．我们的“广播剧院”节目长达150分钟，经常在演出
时进行实况转播。Our “Radio Theatre”, lasting about 150
minutes, of ten giyes liV e broadcasts while a perf ormance is
in process．
五、将下列句子翻译成英语，注意动词的译法。
1．我已经替你找到了一个好工作。I have got a good job f or
you．
2．那位老人拄着拐杖走路。The old man walked with a
stick．
3．他们打算在拂晓时对这座城市发起进攻。They proposed
to attack the city at dawn.
4．我们在工作中要善于和群众商量。We must be good at
consulting the masses in our work．
5．那位职业网球手因在比赛前服用兴奋剂(stimulant)被取
消了进入决赛的资格。That prof essional tennis player was
disqualif ied f rom entering the f inals because he had taken
some stimulant bef ore the match．
6．工人们坚持取消旧的规定，建立新的规章制度。The
workers insisted on the abolishment of the old rules and the
establishment of the new regulations．
7．只要看一眼这封信，你就明白自己上当了。A glance of
this letter will convince you that you have been taken in．
8．最近中国取消了对国内外游客实行不同票价的做法，
使任何人在参观景点(scenic spots)时都享受同等待遇。
China recently cancel ed different ticket prices f or domestic
and f oreign tourists. Everyone can now enjoy equal
treatment when they visit scenic spots．
六、我想说一个猴子的故事给大家听。汤姆孙《科学大纲》
上叙说一个科学家研究动物心理，养着几只猩猩、猴子做
实验。以一个高的玻璃瓶，拔去木塞(cork)，放两粒花生
米进去，花生米自然落到瓶底，从玻璃外面可以看见，递
给猴子。猴子接过，乱摇许久，偶然摇出花生米来，才得
取食。此科学家又放进花生米如前，而指教它只须将瓶子
一倒转，花生米立刻出来。但是猴子总是不理会他的指教。
I would like to share with you a story of the monkey. In
Thompson’s The Outline of Science there is a story about a
scientist who kept several chimpanzees and monkeys in
order to study animal psycholigy. He took a glass bottle,
removed its cork and put two peanuts inside the bottle.
Needless to say, the peanuts dropped to the bottom of the
bottle and were easily seen from the outside. He then passed
the bottle to a monkey, who shook it f rantically f or a long
while and was only able to get the peanuts when they
accidentally fell out. The scientist then put some peanuts into
the bottle again as he had done bef ore and showed the
monkey that it only needed to turn the bottle upside down
f or the peanuts to drop out. But the monkey always ignored
his instructions.
第十二章
一、讨论题.
1．我们认为中子不带电。We do not consider that neutrons
have charges.
2．两个方案都行不通。Neither plan is practicable．
3．我与父亲不相见已二年余了，我最不能忘记的是他的
背影。It is more than two years since I last saw f ather，and
what I Can never f orget is the sigh of his back．
4．欲速则不达。More haste, less speed．
5．他穷得养不起老婆。He is too poor to keep a wif e．
6．我抓住他的袖子，再也说不出一句话来。I took hold of
his sleeve, unable to utter a word．
7．生活的经验固然会曲人忘记许多事情。但是有些记忆
经过了多少时间的磨洗也不会消灭。Lots of things are apt
to f ade from memory as one’s lif e experiences
accumulat e．But some memories will withstand the wear and
tear of time．
8．不破不立，不塞不流，不止不行，它们之间的斗争是
生死斗争。There is no construction without destruction，no
f lowin
g without damming，and no motion without rest；the
two are locked in lif e-and-death struggle．
二、用所给词汇翻译下列句子，将汉语的否定形式译为英
语的肯定形式。
1．她的解释不能让人满意。(far) Her explanation is f ar f rom
satisfactory．
2．他不愿离开家乡。(reluctant) He is reluctant to leave his
hometown．
3．第一批炸弹没有击中目标。(miss) The f irst bombs
missed the target．
4．心不在焉可能会产生恶果。(absence) Absence ofⅡund
may have bad results．
5．测试表明，这台机器没有毛病。(in order) The test
showed that the machine was in order．
6．我简直无法了解他们所说的话。(hardly) I can hardly
understand them．
7．他们宁死而决不投降。(bef ore) They would die bef ore
surrendering．
8．他有勇无谋。(more…than) He is more brave than wise．
三、将下列句子翻译成英语，注意使用英语被动语态。
1．教室禁止吸烟。Smoking is not permitted in classrooms．
2．有人给你打电话。Y ou are wanted on the phone．
3．大米主要产在南方。Rice is chief ly grown in the south．
4．他一生致力于做学问。His entire lif e was devoted to
learning．
5．这事必须马上做。This must be done at once．
6．书到后应立即付款。Y ou are supposed to pay f ight af ter
the books are delivered．
7．大家认为这样做是不妥当的。It is generally considered
unadvised to act that way．
8．在竞争中，不是你击败他，就是他击败你。In competition.
either you def eat him or are defeated by him．
四、讨论题。
1．首先要努力扩大消费需求。在目前情况下，这比增加
投资需求更重要。要继续增加城乡居民特别是低收入者的
收入，努力提高人民群众生活水平。First of all, we should
strive to expand consumption demand．Given the current
situation, this is more important than greater investment
demand．We should continue to increase the income of urban
and rural residents, especially those with low income, and
work hard tO raise the living standards of the population．
2．要坐轮船坐飞机，自然也有办法。只要往各方去请托，
找关系，或者干脆买张黑票。先说黑票，且不谈付出超过
定额的钱，力有不及，心有不甘，单单一个“黑”字，就
叫你不愿领教。It stands to reason that I can go by steamer
or aircraf t if I care to．I can simply go around f ishing f or help
or personal connections．or just buy a “black” ticket．But I
will have to pay more than the regular price f or a “black”
ticket. which I can ill aff ord and which I disdain to do．And
the very word “black”generates in me a f eeling of
repulsion．
五、将下列句子翻译成英语，注意选择主语。
1．无论做什么事，健康的身体是基本条件。Whatever you
do, you need a sound body f irst of a11.
2．小心别着凉了。Take care not tO catch cold．
3．与自然斗争，其乐无穷。It is a great joy to battle against
nature．
4．描金的(gilded)盘子里还放着当天的报纸。On the gilded
tray lay the morning newspaper．
5．似乎不会再有麻烦事了。There seems to be no more
trouble．
6．不会让你带这么多行李。Y ou won’t be allowed to take so
much luggage with you．
7．只有播种才有收获。One must sow bef ore he can reap．
8．端午节(Dragon Boat Festival)吃粽子。People eat zongzi
on the Dragon Boat Festival．
第十三章
一、翻译下列句子，注意“是”字的译法。
1．该恐怖组织声称这起爆炸事件是他们干的。The terrorist
group has claimed responsibility f or the bombing．
2．这是一本英语学习者的必读书。This is a must book f or
the English learners．
3．他父亲是这家报纸的编委。His father is an editorial member of this newspaper．
4．我们体育健儿的目标是：冲出亚洲，走向世界。Our athletes’aim is to rush out of Asia toward the world．
5．迪斯科是一种起源于美国黑人和墨西哥人的民间舞蹈。Disco is a kind of f olk dance originating f rom American blacks and Mexicans．
6．这个故事好是好，就是长了点。It is a good story all f ight，but it’S a bit too long．
7．今天天气是好。It is certainly f ine today．
8她对你只能是感激。She can hardly be other than gratef ul to you．
二、翻译下列句子，注意“把”字的译法。
1．他把门漆成红色。He painted the door red．
2．吵闹声把我从沉睡中唤醒了。The noise roused me out of a sound sleep.
3．你最好在月底前把工作做完。Y ou had better f inish your work by the end of this month．
4．这天气把人热得坐不住。The heat of weather makes one unable to sit still．
5．他把那个小女孩吓得哭了起来。He scared the little girl to tears．
6．他们把我们当作贵宾来款待。They treated US as distinguished guests．
7．把收音机关掉。Turn of f the radio．
8．他所做的一切把我感动得流下了眼泪。I was moved to tears by what he had done．
三、二十年的实践已证明，我们进行改革开放的方向是正确的，信念是坚定的，步骤是稳妥的，方式是渐进的，取得的成就是巨大的。The practice in the past twenty years has proved that we are right in direction，f irm in conviction，steady in our steps and gradual in our approach when carrying out ref orm and opening up and we have made tremendous achievements．
四、翻译下列句子，注意连动式谓语的译法。
1．去给你妈妈打个电话。Go and ring up your mother 2．她拉过一把椅子坐下。She drew up a chair and sit down．3．你起来吃早餐吧。Get up and have your breakfast．4．暑假里她乘火车到西安去参观。She went to Xi’an f or a visit during the summer vacation．
5．她手里拿着一本书回来了。She came back with a book in her hand．
6．市政府采取各种措施招商。The city government takes many measures to invite investment．
7．明天我要去书店买书。I will go to the bookshop to buy a book tomorrow．
8．他走了几步，突然站住了，伸手到衣兜里摸了摸。He walked several meters，stopped and f umbled in his pocket．五、翻译下列句子，注意兼语式谓语的译法。
1．他们让史密斯先生率领远征队。They had Mr.Smith lead the expedition team．
2．我将设法让他去搬行李。I shall leave him to carry the luggage．
3．我写信要他马上来。I wrote to him to come at once．4．我讨厌他穿着红衬衫。I dislike him wearing a red shirt．5．我听说汤姆被选为球队的教练。I heard of Tom having been chosen to be the coach of the team．
6．他希望自己的儿子成为像爱迪生或华盛顿那样的人。He wished his son to be an Edison or a Washington．
7．招商团吸引了许多东南亚客商来中国洽谈项目。The delegation of inviting investment has attracted many businessmen f rom Southeast Asia to China to hold talks on different projects．
8．我们不能强迫人们接受我们的观点。We can’t compel people to accept OUl"viewpoint．
第十四章
一、讨论题。对比原文，看下列译文中对原文长句进行了哪些调整，为什么要这么处理？
1．往后子孙遇见不得意的事，还是点儿底子，不到一败涂地。
Then in the f uture，i f things go badly f or our descendants，they’11 have something to f all back on and won’t be bankrupted.
2．凤姐忙收了怯色，反喝道：“死了罢了，有什么大惊小怪的!”
But af ter her initial f right，Xi f eng put on a bold f ace．“If she’s dead，she’s dead，”she retorted．“what’s all the f uss about?’’
3．若她肯嫁的话，按媒人的行情，说是二十三四的小寡妇，最少还可以值得一百八十的。
Had she been willing to malTy，the local matchmaker
could easily have passed her off as a young widow of twenty
—three or f our．
4．一丝发抖的声音，在空气中愈颤愈细，细到没有，周
围都是死一般静。
A f aint，tremulous sound vibrated in the air，then f aded
and died away All around was dead still．
5．有一次，在沈阳车站，有位外地来的中年妇女中途丢
了车票，斗分着急，他就自己掏钱给她买了一张车票，送
她上了车。
Once at Shenyang Railway Stmion he f ound a
middle—aged woman in a quandary because she had lost her
ticket He bought one f or her out of his own pocket and saw
her aboard her train．
6．大学毕业后我分到一所学校任教，认识了后来成为我
妻子的琳。
Af ter graduation f rom university，1 was assigned to
work as a teacher in a high school，where I met Lin，who
later became my wif e.
7．季处长立即愣住了，沉下脸，显得很不高兴。
The announcement struck Ji dumb．Much displeased he
pulled a long f ace．
8．男子摇摇头，把票子撒到地下去，两只大而粗的手掌
捂着脸孔，像小孩子那样莫名其妙地哭了起来。
He shook his head and threw the notes in the
f loor．Then coverin
g his f ace wit
h his horny hands，he
started sobbing--unaccountably--like a child
9．假使他知道我，我自然是会将他当作我唯一可诉心肺
的朋友，我会热诚的拥着他同他接吻。
If he had understood me truly．1 would have regarded
him as the only f riend to whom I could have ever opened up
my heart and 1 would have hugged him closely and kissed
him．
二、翻译下列长旬，注意长句翻译技巧的灵活使用。：
1．睡觉前，我洗澡、铺床、弄干头发、刷牙、把明天的
东西准备好，就是这样。
Bef ore goingto bed，Itakemy bath，f ixmy bed，drymy hair，
brushmyteeth，getmy things ready f or mmogow．That is it．
2．我梦见我在一座森林里，森林里有许多动物。
I dreamed that 1 was in a f orest In the f orest．there were a
lot of animals．
3．自信能够影响周围的人，使他们信任你，这也必然强
化你的自信。
Self-conf idence has a way of affecting others around you
to believe in you，which in turn reinf orces your
self-conf idence f urther．
4．看金鱼在玻璃缸里游来游去，把鱼缸当作它们的世界，
真是令人愉快。
It is pleasant to watch the gold—f ish swimming peaceably
in the glass—globe，making it their world．
5．她身材矮小，容貌端庄，鼻子俏丽，头发光亮鉴人。
Although she was both short and slender，she held a
dignif ied and elegant countenance，a f ine nose and shiny
hair．
6．我看见一位扛巨大铺盖卷的父亲，肩背上的重负使他
低头，眼睛却吃力地向上看，因为要看路。
1 saw a f ather carrying a huge bed—roll Bent with the
heavy burden on his shoulder，he hadto strainf or alook
aheadin orderto seethewayf orward．
7．等车驶过，父子又会合，相依为命地继续前行。
When the car shot past，they joined hands again，and
continued on their way，each being the other’s support
8．千禧年元旦刚过，玫瑰初次走进泉聊的BBS，一直想
写点什么东西，却又觉得无从着手。
Shortly af ter the New Y ear of the millennium，Rose went
into the chatting BBS，hoping to write something，but not
knowing how to start．
三、翻译下列短文，注意长句翻译技巧的使用。
l．一年后我回到广州，我们之间的异常冷淡让敏感的朋
友察觉，他们精心设下了布局。我们在卡拉OK厅再次见
面了。我们的表演是那么的出色，没人能猜出我和你有任
何情感的牵连。你笑着跟我碰了杯，眼里的忧郁一掠而过，
不小心地让我看到了，我也笑了，真的，低下头，轻轻地
笑了……
One year later, I came back to Guangzhou, and our
sensitive friends, who set a trap f or us, sensed the unusual
nonchalance between us. We met again at a karaoke hall.
Our acting was so marvelous that no one could guess any
emotional involvement between you and me. Y ou clinked
glasses with me in a smile，and melancholy f lickered across
your eyes, but it was noticed by me unluckily. I smiled, too,
really, lowered my head and smiled lightly…
2．潘先生含糊回答了她；奔进里面四周一看，便开了房
门的锁，直闯进去上下左右打量着。没有变更，一点没有
变更，什么都同昨天一样。于是他吊起的半个心放F来
了。还有半个心没放下，便又锁上房门，回身出门；吩咐
王妈道，“你照旧好好把门关上。”
Mr. Pan muttered a vague answer as he rushed in and
looked around. Then he unlocked the door to his room,
strode in and examined it with care. No change. There was
no change at all. Everything was as he had lef t it the day
bef ore. His heart which had been palpitating relaxed
somewhat but he was not yet f ully assured. He locked the
room again and turned to go ”See that the gate’s properly
locked,” he told the maid
3．那几天里，若说我完全什么事情也不去找什么事情也
不曾干，却是假的。有时候，我的脑筋稍微清新一点下来，
也曾译过几首英法的小诗，和几篇不满四干字的德语的短
篇小说，于晚上大家睡熟的时候，不声不响地出去投邮，
寄投给各新开的书局。因为当时我的各方面就职的希望，
早已经完全断绝了，只有这一方面，还能靠了我的枯燥的
脑筋，想想法子看。万一中了他们编辑先生的意，把我译
的东西登了出来，也不难得着几块钱的酬报。
It would be untrue to say that I had completely neglected
the idea of a job or that 1 had done nothing whatsoever.
There were moments when I f elt somewhat clearer in my
mind and altogether I had translated a f ew short English and
French poems and several German short stories about 4000
words each since I had been there; the results of my eff ort
had been posted of f to some new publishing f irms. I always
did the posting in the dark of night, when no one else was
stirring. I f elt that I had no hope of getting a real iob and that
the only thing I could do was to try and make use of my
dried-up brains. If I were lucky and my translation met with
the approval of the publishers and were used, it would bring
in a f ew dollars．
2019考研英语一真题翻译参考答案及解析
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考研英语翻译的基本方法版
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是从一篇文章中截取出来的，因而译文必须和上下文表达的意思一致。如果歪曲了原文的意思，那么该句的得分就会很低。 因此，翻译不能违背原文本身，这是考研翻译的最基本标准。 翻译过程 翻译一般分三个阶段：①找核心句；②译核心句；③译其修饰限定补充的句子。由于考研英语翻译大部分句型都是长难句，这一过程显得尤为重要。简而言之，考生首先要找出句子的主干，然后再处理其余的细枝末节，如修饰成分等。考试中，考生应该先通读全文，从大处着手，通篇把握文意，然后分析需要翻译的句子，找出主干，理分支，并翻译。最后是检查书写以及时态。 翻译策略 1．直译和意译 直译，既忠于原文意思又保留原文形式的翻译；意译，不受原文词语的限制，不拘泥于原文句子的结构，用不同于原文的表达方式，把原文意思表达出来。在考研英语翻译中，我们应遵循的方法是：尽量采用直译，不能直译才采用意译，必要时直译与意译相结合。 （1）能直译就直译
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0501 戒严与其说是个人的选择, 不如说是对自己毅力的考验, 因为人们普遍认为吸烟是上瘾的. 尽管专家的建议和药物疗法确实能增加永久戒严的可能性, 但是避免这种困境的最好的方法就是不要涉猎吸烟. 吸烟的负面影响在各个程度上是不同的, 它与吸烟的数量以及烟龄的长短, 还有开始吸烟的年龄有关. 这份报告向以下观点提出了质疑, 这种观点认为吸烟几年不会产生永久的危害性的后果. 我们希望阻止这种普遍的但是却是生死攸关的习惯, 并且提醒大家戒烟的时间越长, 和吸烟有关的健康问题就会大幅度地减少. It is increasingly realized that ( There is a growing realization /awareness that ) developing environment-protecting products really count. To fulfill the long-term and substantial development, developed countries should at all costs decrease the emission of greenhouse gases. If the speed of global warming nowadays continues, the probability of disappearance from the earth to such big cities as Tokyo and London will be 10 times as fast as that of 20 years ago. 0506 本书是在全国不同学校讲课几十年的结晶.它基于以下观
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Unit 2 III Translation Practice Exercise 1 A. 1. 麦当劳有很多让农民恼怒的事：千篇－律，平淡无味，还有其所代表的烹饪霸权 2. 至少有40种植物已经通过了政府审核。 3. 到目前为止，还没有任何迹象表明基因重组作物会对任何人造成任何伤害。 4. 即使还没有法律措施，公众舆论正以更加怀疑的态度看待基因改良技术。 5. 这种优质作物受到农民的欢迎是情有可原的，因为对他们来说，产量即使有一丁点 的增长也就意味着利润上的极大提高。 B. 1. In recent years Europeans have become increasingly jumpy about bad food – and with good reason. 2. This year the E.U. banned the importation of non-approved GM corn. 3. It is crucially important that we take stock of this technology’s probable effects on our planet’s ecosystems. 4. We should also take a sober look at the effect of genetic engineering in the social and political realms. 5. Nature is never idle. Through random mutations, nature constantly tests new genetic models of organisms. Exercise 2. A. 1. 全世界的人们都在密切地注视他们食品中的基因构成——并地为他们所看到的一切 越发感到不安。在过去的十年里，随着科学家们将无数的水果和蔬菜的基因重组，使平常的农作物变成了能抵御霜冻、经得起除草剂，甚至产生消灭自身害虫作用的超级作物，基因改良食品已日益成为普遍现象。就总数而言，超过4,500的基因改良植物已经过测试，其中至少有40种——包括13种玉米，11种西红柿和4种大豆——已经通过了政府的审核。 2. 但是，一个国家的禁令对另一国家而言就是一种贸易保护主义，美国对欧洲的举动 持怀疑态度。自从欧洲决定继续禁止进口助长荷尔蒙的美国牛肉以来，美国通过对欧洲某些出口食品征收100%的关税作为反击，欧美之间的关系近来变得越发紧张。在这种激烈的争斗中，转基因食品禁令的审慎态度与报复差不多/ 看似是报复行为，其实是一种审慎。此外，假如欧洲如此担忧转基因食品的话，为什么还要生产它们呢？法国生产的转基因粮食规模不大，而消费得却比其它欧洲国家多。 B. 1. Ready or not, the world is entering the age of genetic engineering. Altered environments and human-created life forms will be part of this new age. Plants may be transformed into miniature factories producing plastics, medicines, or perfumes. Animals may be given human genes to make their tissues compatible with humans, allowing animal hearts and other organs to be transplanted into critically ill people. 2. We should also take a sober look at the effects of genetic engineering in the social and political realms. Because the agricultural and medical benefits of genetic engineering are expensive, poor individuals and poor nations will not be able to afford them – at least not for years to come. As a result, the economic gap between rich and poor is likely to widen. In
2020年考研《英语一》翻译真题答案(跨考版)
2020年考研《英语一》翻译真题答案(跨考版) 文章来源于An Outline of American History，《美国历史纲要》，是一本历史学方面的专著。 46 We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone. 【句子结构】分号连接的两个并列句，第一个并列句主干是 We don’t have to learn ，how引导宾语从句做learn的宾语，第二个 并列句主干是it is built into us in the same way，that引导定 语从句修饰先行词way，that定语从句中主干是our bodies know，how引导宾语从句做know的宾语。 【参考译文】我们无需刻意去了解学习才能让心理更健康，它正 如我们的身体知道怎样让伤口愈合和修复骨折一样，是根植于我们体 内的/是我们与生俱来的水平。 47 Our mental health doesn’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant. 【句子结构】分号连接的两个并列句, 第一个并列句主谓结构， 很简单，第二个并列句中，like the sun behind a cloud是状语， but 连接两个并列分句，包括短语be hidden from 和be capable of. 涉及被动语态的翻译方法。 【参考译文】我们的心理健康并不是真的消失不见，就像云朵背 后的太阳，它也许暂时被遮挡，但是它也能够在瞬间重焕光芒。 48 Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are.
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题真题与翻译
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding ―yes!‖ 1 helping you feel close and 2to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4getting sick this winter. In a recent study5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs6 the participants’ susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8with a cold,and the researchers9that the stress-reducing effects of hugging10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe12. ―Hugging protects people who are under stress from the13 risk for colds that’s usually14 with stress,‖ notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging ―is a marker of intimacy and helps15 the feeling that others are there to help16difficulty.‖ Some experts 17the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called ―the bonding hormone‖18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.
研究生学位英语23
考试须知 1、本次考试试卷有试题册（试卷一）和答题纸（Answer Sheet)两种，答题时间 为120分钟。 2、请考生用钢笔在Answer Sheet上写上姓名、学号、专业班级。 3、请考生在Answer Sheet上答题，写在试题册上的答案一律作废。 4、选择题每题只能选一个答案，多选作废。选定答案后，在Answer Sheet中找到相应题号，将答案对应字母（A\B\C\D）填写在题号后的括号里。注意保持字迹清晰工整，容易识别。由于字迹潦草、答案模棱两可甚至无法识别者，一律判为0分，责任由考生本人负责。 5、简答题、翻译和作文等主观题部分的答题请考生用钢笔书写在Answer Sheet 指定位置上。 6、考试结束，考生不得将试题册和答题纸带出考场。请把试题册和答题纸分别 上交监考老师。 Test 23 Part I Situational Conversations (10%) Directions:In this part, there are ten short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that most appropriately suits the conversational context and best completes the dialogue. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center of the corresponding letter． 1. Christopher: If I am not mistaken, your birthday is coming up. Has your brother sent you anything? Samuel: Not yet. _____________. A. He never forgets though. B. After all, he’ll buy something for me. C. I expect so D. No, I don’t like it. 2. Flora: What's the matter? Don't you like the soup? Carl: _________ Flora: Oh, I'm sorry about that. A. Yes, I'm crazy about it. B. Well, not very much, I'm afraid. C. I see. It's a little hot. D. No. I like it, actually.
研究生英语 翻译+答案
1.Visual cues from audience members can indicate that a speech is dragging , that the speaker is dwelling on a particular point for too long , or that a particular point requires further explanation 听众的眼神足以表明，演说过于拖沓，演讲者在某一点上讲得太多，或者在某一点上还需要做进一步的解释。 2.But art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people , but also religious beliefs , emotions , and psychology. 但是艺术史注意的不仅仅是这些，因为艺术不仅反映了一个民族的政治价值，也反应了他们的宗教信仰，感情和心理特点。 3.One widely held belief is that a sharp fright will end a troublesome bout of hiccups , but many people prefer just waiting for them to go away as this “cure” is often worse than the ailment itself . 一个普遍认同的观点是，猛然的惊吓会止住一阵讨厌的打嗝，但是很多人更愿意等待打嗝自然过去，因为这种“止隔得方法”往往比打嗝本身更加的糟糕。 4.That our environment had little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. 这种理论的核心是，我们的环境同我们的才能、性格特征和行为即使有什么关系的话，也是微不足道的。 5.And I take heart from the fact that the enemy, which boasts that it can occupy the strategic point in a couple of hours , has not yet been able to take even the outlying regions , because of the stiff resistance that gets in the way. 敌人吹嘘能在几个小时内就占领战略要地，由于受到顽强抵抗，甚至还没有能占领外围地带，这一事实使我增强了信心。 6. A physically mature female deer in good condition who has conceived in November and given birth to two fawns during the end of May or first part of June , must search for food for the necessary energy not only to meet her body’s needs but also to produce milk for her fawns. 一只成熟健壮的母鹿，在十一月怀胎，五月底或六月初生下两只幼鹿，这时，她必须寻找食物以获得必要的能量，这不仅是为了满足自身的需要，而且也是为了给幼鹿生产乳汁。 7.The president said at a press conference dominated by questions on yesterday’s election results that he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered such a widespread defeat, which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of long-held superiority in the House. 在主要问及昨天选举结果的记者招待会上，总统说他无法解释为何共和党遭到如此惨痛的失败,这最终会使共和党丧失在众议院长期以来享有的优势。 8.The second aspect is the application by all members of society from the government official to the ordinary citizen, of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work. 第二个方面是，社会上的一切成员，从政府部门中任公职的官员到普通公民，都应运用科学家们在科研工作中所采用的专门的思维方法和工作方法。 9.The method was largely developed by physicists , chemists and biologists ; it was later adopted by people working in such areas as education, psychology and sociology , where the subjects of research were often people. 这种方法在很大程度上先是由物理学家、化学家和生物学家使用，后来为在教育学、心理学和社会学等领域内工作的研究人员所采纳而发展起来的。
研究生英语综合教程(上)熊海虹课后部分翻译答案 (1)1
第一单元 “一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’！这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。 “Business happens 24/7/365, which means that competition happens 24/7/365, as well,” says Haut. “One way that companies win is by getting …there? faster, which means that you not only have to mobilize all of the functions that support a business to move q uickly, but you have to know how t o decide where …there? is! This creates a requirement not only for people who can act quickly, but for those who can think fast with the courage to act on their convictions. This needs to run throughout an organization and is not exclusive to management.” 最后，职业地位包含对职业标准的遵守。很多律师通过在行业内外把自己塑造成一个具有良好职业道德的典范来找到自我价值。对那些在所有职业行为中都表现出极度正直和谦逊有礼的律师们来说，当管理阶层对他们理应受到的特别尊重表示肯定时，便又获得了另一种形式的精神报酬。 Lastly, professional status encompasses adherence to ethical standards. Most lawyers find self worth in setting an example—both within the profession and within the larger society—as ethical actors. When management affirms the special respect due to lawyers who act with the utmost integrity and civility in all of their professional dealings, it provides yet another form of compensation. 第四单元 很多研究发现婴儿获得关爱的质量会影响到他们以后的交友，在学校的表现，如何应对陌生的或可能充满压力的情况，以及他们成年后如何建立并且维系情感连系。正是因为这些原因，人们与家庭成员的早期亲密关系才如此至关重要。在人情冷漠的环境中(如孤儿院，某些寄养家庭，或缺乏关爱的家庭)长大的孩子会出现情感和社会性发育不良，语言和运动技能迟缓，以及精神健康问题。Much research shows that the quality of care infants receive affects how they later get along with friends, how well they do in school, how they react to new and possibly stressful situations, and how they form and maintain loving relationships as adults. It is for these reasons thatpeople's early intimate relationships within their family of origin1 are so critical. Children who are raised in impersonal environments (orphanage, some foster homes, or unloving families) show emotional and social underdevelopment, language and motor skills retardation, and mental health problems. 一开始让人相互吸引的是什么?许多人相信“世上有一个人是你为之而生的”，而且命运会将你俩带到一起。这样的想法很浪漫却不现实。实证研究发现，是文化标准和价值观而非命运，将人们连系在一起。我们错过了成千上万的可能的爱人，因为他们早就被正式的或非正式的挑选理想爱人的准则筛选出局，这些准则包括年龄、种族、地域、社会阶层、宗教、性倾向、健康状况或外表。 What attracts individuals to each other in the first place? Many people believe that "there's one person out there that one is meant for" and that destiny will bring them together. Such beliefs are romantic but unrealistic. Empirical studies show that cultural norms and values, not fate, bring people together We will never meet millions of potential lovers because they are "filtered out" by formal or informal rules on partner eligibility due ton factors such as age, race, distance, Social class, religion, sexual orientation, health, or physical appearanc e. 第五单元 做瑜伽没有场地的限制，一套瑜伽动作通常需要20 分钟到两个小时或者更多的时间，而一个小时左右的时间则是一系列动作和冥想的最佳选择。根据瑜伽师和学派的不同，一些瑜伽动作做起来辛苦异常，而另一些却只是在呼吸和心跳平稳的情况下调整和伸展肢体。每天练习瑜伽会达到最好的效果，随着动作越来越熟练，你就可以加大强度和难度这样瑜伽就能成为你相伴终生的日常锻炼方式了。练习基础的瑜伽动作即可收到增强力量，改善柔韧性并使人感到舒适的效果，但要想达到完美和高深的境界还是需要日积月累的练习，这也是瑜伽吸引人的地方之一。 Yoga routines can take anywhere from 20 minutes to two or more hours, with one hour being a good time investment to perform a sequence of postures and a meditation. Some yoga routines, depending on the teacher and school, can be as strenuous as the most difficult workout, and some routines merely stretch and align the body while the breath and heart rate are kept slow and steady. Yoga achieves its best results when it is practiced as a daily discipline, and yoga can be a life-long exercise routine, offering deeper and more challenging positions as a practitioner becomes more adept. The basic positions can increase a person?s strength, flexibility and sense of well-being almost immediately, but it can take years to perfect and deepen them, which is an appealing and stimulating aspect of yoga for many. 第七单元 人性的恒定性是众所周知的，因为没有人相信一个人能够从根本上改变他的本性。这就是为什么一个恶名远扬的人很难重建公众对他的信心。人们凭经验知道某一年中表现出无赖性格的人不太可能在第二年有任何改观。小偷也不会变成值得信赖的员工。吝