天津科技大学英语艺术类大二上复习资料
791复习资料
Unit 1 – Section A
●Language Focus – Words in Use
deficit缺乏，不足adjust调整，调节，适应exposure接触，体验，暴露condense将...压缩asset有利条件，长处，资产，财产competent合格的，能干的precise精确的，准确的exceed超过，超出beneficial有利的，有帮助的，有用的adequate足够的，充分的，合乎需要的
1. The mayor decided to condense his speech in order to leave enough time for his
audience to raise questions.
市长决定精简演讲稿，以便留出足够的时间让听众提出问题。
2. It was reported that there was a vehicle missing every 20 seconds in the US. If the
trends continue, experts predict annual vehicle thefts could exceed two million.
据报道，美国每20秒钟就有一辆车失踪。如果趋势继续下去，专家预测每年的汽车盗窃率可能超过二百万。
3. Researchers put patients through a set of psychological tests to determine the
negative consequences of sleep deficit .
研究人员通过一系列心理测试来确定睡眠不足的负面后果。
4. Too much exposure to dirty air can cause people to suffer from allergies and
diseases that will eventually affect people's health.
过多的暴露在肮脏的空气会导致人患有过敏疾病，最终会影响人的健康。
5. Moving forward even in the face of great difficulties has become my most important
asset in my life since it has helped me accomplish something remarkable.
即使在困难面前向前迈进，也成了我一生中最重要的财富，因为它帮助我取得了非凡的成就。
6. The lawyer proclaimed they couldn't jump to conclusions because acceptable
conclusions must be supported by adequate facts and evidence.
律师声称他们不能妄下结论，因为接受的结论必须有充分的事实和证据支持。
7. To help the employees be more communicative, the company is offering workshops
for those who may be professionally competent but socially awkward.
为了帮助员工更多地交流，公司正在为那些专业能力强但社交笨拙的员工提供工作坊。
8. Most parents, in fact, aren't very helpful with the problems that their sons and
daughters have in adjusting to their college life.
事实上，大多数父母对他们的子女在适应大学生活方面所遇到的问题并不是很有帮助。
9. You can count how many students passed an exam, but psychological and emotional
feelings cannot be precisely measured.
你可以统计有多少学生通过了考试，但心理和情感的感受无法精确测量。
10. In short, participation in sports is extremely beneficial for college students not only
physically but also emotionally and socially.
简言之，参加体育运动对大学生不仅有身体上的好处，而且在感情上和社会上都是有益的。
●Banked Cloze
The Internet has made English learning much easier. English learners used to be (1) (obliged) to spend their time in libraries looking for the books that would help them in their language studies. It was very inconvenient because a lot of materials could only be found in (2) (tedious) and uninteresting textbooks and readers. But today authentic content on a variety of subjects is only a click away. This is especially (3) (beneficial) for those who wants to learn English earnestly.
In order to achieve fluency in English, you need to be comfortable using at least 10,000 words. The (4) (abundant) materials on the Internet make it possible for you to choose appropriate content to read and listen to. These materials can be (5) (adjusted) to your level if you input some key words in the search engine. But how can you remember
the (6) (bulk) of unfamiliar words?
In this case, the Internet (7) (evidently)makes it easier to learn vocabulary. You can use online dictionaries to instantly find out their grammatical (8) (functions) and the specific meaning of these words. The Internet helps you to (9) (efficiently) accumulate vocabulary based on lively and interesting language content, which greatly reduces your (10) (distress) caused by inability to remember the new words. The efficiency of this vocabulary learning is one of the reasons why the Internet has become an ideal place to learn English.
因特网使英语学习变得容易多了。英语学习者过去（1）（不得不）花时间在图书馆寻找能帮助他们学习语言的书籍。它非常不便，因为很多材料只能在（2）（乏味）和乏味的教科书和读者中找到。但如今，各种题材的真实内容只是一个点击而已。这是（3）（有益的）对于那些想学英语的认真。
为了达到流利的英语，你至少要用10000个字。因特网上的（4）（丰富）资料使你有可能选择适当的内容来阅读和聆听。这些材料可以是（5）（调整）你的水平，如果你在搜索引擎中输入一些关键词。但你怎么能记住（6）（体积）不熟悉的单词吗？
在这种情况下，因特网（7）（显然）使学习词汇更加容易。你可以使用在线词典，即时找出他们的语法（8）（函数）和它们的具体含义。因特网可以帮助你（9）（有效地）根据生动有趣的语言内容积累词汇，这大大减少了你（10）因无法记忆生词而造成的（痛苦）。他新单词。这种词汇学习的效率是互联网成为英语学习的理想场所的原因之一。
Language Focus – Expressions in Use
be serious about对...是认真的，并非开玩笑的make sense有意义，理解，讲得通run into偶然遇见distinguish between区分，辨别thrust upon迫使做某事，迫使接受某事be attracted to对...产生兴趣get lost迷惘，困惑，不知所措feel obliged to非做不可，迫使look upon as把...看作be allergic to对...过敏
1. Since we have invited all the other neighbors to our 25th wedding anniversary party,
we feel obliged to invite the Browns too.
由于我们邀请了所有其他的邻居都来参加我们第25个的婚礼周年聚会，我们觉得有必要也要邀请布朗一家。
2. Most of the time, no one will care about natural disasters, and they won't be serious
about avoiding disasters till one has really struck.
大多数时候，没有人会关心自然灾害，他们不会认真考虑避免灾难，直到一个真正击中。
3. When you run into a friend that you haven't seen for a long time and have a good
chat with him, you may feel very happy and delighted.
当你遇到一个朋友，你很长时间没见和他好好的聊一聊，你会觉得非常开心。
4. It is very important to distinguish between facts and opinions in order to have a
better understanding of what a reading passage is talking about.
这是非常重要的区分事实和观点之间要有一个更好的理解什么是阅读文章讲的是什么。
5. Though he was very excited about being elected as president of the student
association, many extra responsibilities have been thrust upon him ever since then.
虽然他很高兴被选为学生会主席，但从那时起，他又承担了许多额外的责任。
6. The doctor, having no knowledge that I was allergic to this particular drug,
prescribed the medicine.
医生不知道我对这种药过敏，却开了药。
7. It's understandable that, without any support, a 16-year-old can easily get lost in a
committee of people in their forties.
可以理解的是，如果没有任何支持，16岁的人很容易在四十多岁的人委员会中迷路。
8. It is hoped that some new high-tech companies will be attracted to this small, old
town to encourage loans for building houses and factories.
希望一些新的高科技公司能吸引到这个小的老城镇来鼓励建造房屋和工厂的贷款。
9. It doesn't make sense to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just
as good.
买这些昂贵的外套，当这些便宜的也一样好时，那是没有意义的。
10. A few years later, Franklin got married, started his own printing shop, and was looked
upon as a successful young businessman.
几年后，富兰克林结婚，开始了自己的印刷店，被看作是一个成功的年轻商人。
●Translation
汉译英
中国书法（calligraphy）是一门独特的艺术，是世界上独一无二的艺术瑰宝。中国书法艺术的形成、发展与汉文字的产生与演进存在着密不可分的关系。汉字在漫长的演变发展过程中，一方面起着交流思想、继承文化的重要作用，另一方面它本身又形成了一种独特的艺术。书法能够通过作品把书法家个人的生活感受、学识、修养、个性等折射出来，所以，通常有"字如其人"的说法。中国书法不仅是中华民族的文化瑰宝，而且在世界文化艺术宝库中独放异彩。
Chinese calligraphy is a unique art and the unique art treasure in the world. The formation and development of the Chinese calligraphy is closely related to the emergence and evolution of Chinese characters. In this long evolutionary process, Chinese characters have not only played an important role in exchanging ideas and transmitting culture but also developed into a unique art form. Calligraphic works well reflect calligraphers' personal feelings, knowledge, self-cultivation, personality, and so forth, thus there is an expression that "seeing the calligrapher's handwriting is like seeing the person". As one of the treasures of Chinese culture, Chinese calligraphy shines splendidly in the world's treasure house of culture and art.
Unit 1 – Section B
●Language Focus – Words in Use
recall回想，回忆起ignorance无知，愚昧desperate拼命的，绝望的；非常需要的negotiate解决，处理，克服confusion困惑，混乱mysterious神秘的，难以解释的devise相出，设计，发明specifically特定地，具体地，专门地expand使扩大，使增加depict描写，描写，描绘
1. As she was about to go to bed around 11:00 p.m. last night, a(n) mysterious telephone call came and gave the girl a sleepless night.
当她正要上床睡觉，晚上11点左右的最后一个晚上，一个神秘电话过来给了女孩一个不眠之夜。
2. Developing modern telecommunications is a(n) desperate necessity for the small African country since it will help the country develop new technologies.
发展现代电信是一个孤注一掷的非洲小国的因为它可以帮助该国开发新技术。
3. The function of teaching is to create the conditions that will make it possible for students to devise the most efficient method for teaching themselves.
教育的功能是创造条件，使学生能够设计出自己的教学最有效的方法。
4. When the airline saw how the strike was hurting its business, it became much eager to negotiate with the workers on strike to work out a solution.
当航空公司看到攻击伤害它的业务，它成为与罢工工人谈判解决的渴望。
5. Julie recalled that she and her freshman year roommate hadn't communicated with each other throughout the year since they were uncomfortable with each other.
朱莉回忆说，她和一年级的室友因为彼此不自在，一年来都没有联系过。
6. Another impact of computer technology that must be addressed by educators is the Internet, more specifically , the vast amount of information that it makes available.
教育工作者必须解决的计算机技术的另一个影响是因特网，更具体地说，它提供了大量的信息。
7. Television reporters argue that television can depict a news event more vividly and completely than newspapers can.
电视记者认为电视能比报纸更生动、更全面地描述一个新闻事件。
8. Many traffic accidents were attributed to drivers' ignorance of traffic rules or careless and drunken driving.
许多交通事故是由于司机的无知或粗心和酒后驾驶交通规则。
9. I want a broad education that would provide me with great insight and critical thinking skill to help open my eyes and expand my horizons.
我想要一个广阔的教育会给我很大的洞察力和批判性思维技能，帮助打开我的眼睛，拓展我的视野。
10. As he progresses through school, his confusion may become diminished, but meanwhile choices and decisions for a college student will increase.
随着他在学校的进步，他的困惑可能会减少，但同时，对大学生的选择和决定也会增加。
●Language Focus – Expressions in Use
speak of提到，提及leave behind永久地离开，脱离与...的关系in a bid to 为争取某物而努力appeal to请求... apply to适用，适宜end up最终处于focus on给予...特别的关注get hold of找/借来某物
1. Being able to determine the main idea of a passage is one of the most useful skills that can apply to any kind of reading.
能够确定一篇文章的主旨是最有用的技能之一，可以适用于任何类型的阅读。
2. At least 15 states have offered financial aid, typically in a bid to enroll top students in the states' public institutions.
至少有15个州提供财政援助，通常是为了在美国的公共机构招收最优秀的学生。
3. Those who could not get into the university of their first choice may end up going to the university of their second or third choice.
那些无法进入他们首选的大学可能会对他们的第二或第三选择的大学。
4. Speaking of the giants of high tech in this era, people would immediately mention Apple, Microsoft, Facebook and some other influential companies.
说到在这个时代高科技巨人，人们马上会提到苹果、微软、脸谱网和其他一些有影响力的公司。
5. In case people can't get hold of an application form from the company, can they still show up on the day when the interview session is held?
如果人们不能从公司拿到申请表，他们还能在面试的当天出现吗？
6. The California state government has already appealed to the households to make greater efforts to conserve water for the future.
加利福尼亚州政府已经呼吁这些家庭为将来节约用水作出更大的努力。
7. Leaving their families behind when getting aboard the plane departing for America is their most unforgettable experience in their life.
离开家庭的时候搭乘飞机前往美国是他们生命中最难忘的经历。
8. On one hand, the doctors prescribe pills for the patients; on the other hand, they require them to focus on healthy lifestyles by changing diets and doing more exercise.
一方面，医生给病人开药；另一方面，他们要求他们通过改变饮食和多做运动来关注健康的生活方式。
Unit 2 – Section A
●Language Focus – Words in Use
boost促进，推动，使兴旺prospect可能的事情，前景calculate估计，预测，计算accelerate使加快，促进promote支持，鼓励，提倡mystery不可思议的事物，无法解释的事物destruction毁灭，摧毁，破坏analysis分析insight 洞察力，领悟力barrier障碍
1. In our class, most discussions and activities take place in assigned small groups. These groups provide a supportive and safe environment that promotes learning.
在我们班，大多数讨论和活动发生在指定的小团体。这些组织提供支持和安全的环境，促进学习。
2. It is the development strategy of the company to accelerate its overseas expansion in order to take a slice of the world market.
这是加速其海外扩张以一片世界市场的公司发展战略。
3. Nearly six million people go to see the Mona Lisa every year, attracted by the mystery of her smile. When you're not looking at her, she seems to be smiling; when you look at her, she stops.
每年有近六百万人去看蒙娜丽莎，被她神秘的微笑所吸引。当你不看她的时候，她似乎在微笑；当你看着她时，她停了下来。
4. To live with a family whose native language is English is the ideal way to further improve one's English and to gain insight into its culture.
与母语为英语的家庭生活在一起，是进一步提高英语水平和了解其文化的理想途径。
5. There is a real need to boost academic achievement in schools and help with the development of a student's overall character.
有必要提高学校的学习成绩，帮助学生全面发展。
6. Einstein said his scientific discoveries grew from his imagination rather than from analysis, reason and language.
爱因斯坦说，他的科学发现是从他的想象而不是从理性和语言分析。
7. Being a single parent, there is no way for her to calculate the time and energy she has devoted to her children for the past 10 years.
作为一个单身母亲，她没有办法计算过去10年来她奉献给孩子们的时间和精力。
8. It is essential that you start by listening because one of the main barriers teenagers and their parents face in forming positive relationships is that neither listens to the other.
你必须从倾听开始，因为青少年和他们的父母在形成积极关系时所面临的一个主要障碍是彼此都不听。
9. We all know the dangers of an earthquake: the destruction to buildings, the troubles can be caused by falling trees, and the terror occurs when the earth actually opens up.
我们都知道地震的危险：对建筑物的破坏，可能是树木倒塌引起的麻烦，而恐怖发生在地球真正打开的时候。
10. Not until recently have we realized that the increasing world population may lead to a potential gloomy prospect for humanity: starvation.
直到最近我们才意识到，世界人口的增加可能导致人类潜在的暗淡前景：饥饿。
Banked Cloze
Through exploration of the humanities, we learn how to think creatively and critically, to analyze, and to ask questions. Because these skills allow us to gain new (1) (insight) into everything from poetry and paintings to business models and politics, humanistic subjects have been at the heart of a liberal arts (2) (education) since the ancient Greeks first used them to educate their citizens.
Research into the human experience helps to (3) (boost) our knowledge about our world. Through the work of humanities scholars, we learn about the values of different cultures,
about what goes into making a work of art, and about the (4) (mystery) of how history is made. Their efforts depict the great accomplishments of the past, help us understand the world today, and give us tools to imagine the (5) (prospect) of our future.
Today, humanistic knowledge continues to (6) (promote) the ideal foundation for exploring and understanding the human experience. Learning another language might help to (7) (invest) you with great insights as well as gain much (8) (appreciation) of different cultures. Taking a close look at a sculpture might make you think about how an artist's life (9) (affected) his creative decisions. Reading a book from another region of the world might help you (10) (speculate) about the meaning of democracy. Listening to history courses might give you a clearer picture of what the future will be like.
通过对人文科学的探索，我们学会了如何创造性地思考和批判性的分析，并提出问题。因为这些技能使我们获得新的（1）（洞察力）为一切从诗与画的商业模式和政治、人文学科已经在文科的心（2）（教育）自从古希腊人首先用他们教育他们的公民。
对人类经验的研究有助于（3）（促进）我们对世界的认识。通过人文学者的工作，我们了解了不同文化的价值观。国王是一部艺术作品，关于历史是如何创造的（4）（神秘）。他们的努力描绘了过去的伟大成就，帮助我们了解今天的世界，并给我们想象的工具。（5）（前景）我们的未来。
今天，人文知识继续（6）（促进）是探索和理解人类经验的理想基础。学习另一种语言可能有助于（7）（投资）你伟大的视觉，以及获得许多（8）（欣赏）不同的文化。仔细观察雕塑可能会让你思考艺术家的生活（9）如何（影响）他的创造性决策。阅读来自世界另一地区的一本书可能会帮助你（10）（猜测）民主的含义。听历史课可能会让你更清楚地了解未来会是什么样子。
Language Focus – Expressions in Use
prepare for使...做好准备be bound to注定，一定要，终归，不得不stand up for支持，保卫，维护in favor of支持，赞同speculate about猜测，推测in the company of和某人在一起in the form of以...形式，以...方式be liable to 有...的倾向，易于... invest...with赋予...以in succession连续发生地，接连发生地
1. Because women often restrict their diet in an effort to control weight, they may not consume enough iron-rich food and are liable to experience an iron deficiency.
因为女性经常为了控制体重而限制饮食，所以他们可能没有摄入足够的富含铁的食物，并且容易缺铁。
2. Some reform advocates ignore the impact of class size on student achievement, and they are in favor of what they call as a priority: teacher effectiveness.
一些改革倡导者忽略了班级规模对学生成绩的影响，他们赞成他们所说的优先事项：教师效能。
3. Because of easy access to the Internet, the new breakthrough to create something truly creative is bound to happen anytime now.
因为容易接入互联网，创造一些真正的创新必然发生任何现在的新突破。
4. Indeed, if teachers want to speculate about how far students might get in life, a better measurement than grades might be how hard the students try.
事实上，如果老师想推测学生在生活中能取得多大的成绩，衡量学生成绩的指标可能是学生们的努力程度。
5. Nature has invested these animals with a capacity for not showing fear.
大自然赋予了这些动物一种没有表现出恐惧的能力。
6. During the weeks of discussion, delegations from groups who are interested in the resolution may call on representatives to stand up for their point of view.
在讨论的几周内，对决议感兴趣的团体的代表团可以请代表们站出来讨论他们的观点。
7. Plato was a superb writer, and his works are part of the world's great literature. Most of his existing work is in the form of dialog and letters.
Plato是一位杰出的作家，他的作品是世界伟大文学的一部分。他现有的大部分工作都是以对话和信件的形式进行的。
8. Young people should enter into a broad flexible training program, through which they can learn a lot and be prepared for their future careers.
年轻人应该进入了广泛灵活的培训计划，通过它们可以学到很多东西，并准备为他们的未来职业生涯。
9. The young man is very happy and proud to be in the company of the old professor because he always feels great when talking with him.
年轻人因为他总是感觉很好跟他说话的时候是非常高兴和自豪的是在老教授的家。
10. One day they passed more than 20 villages in succession, and some of these are said to have stretched for six miles or more.
有一天，他们通过20多个村庄在继承，有些说是有伸展六英里或更多。
●Translation
汉译英
近年来，随着互联网技术的发展，我国的数字化教育资源建设取得了巨大的成就。很多高校建立了自己的数字化学习平台，数字化教学在教育中发挥着越来越大的作用。和传统教学方式相比，数字化教学方式有很大的优势。一方面，数字化教学使教学资源得以全球共享；另一方面，它拓展了学习者的学习时间和空间，人们可以随时随地通过互联网进入数字化的虚拟学校学习。这使得人类从接受一次性教育走向终身学习成为可能。
In recent years, with the development of Internet technology, the construction of digital ed ucation resources of our country has made great achievements. Many universities have s et up their own digital learning platforms, and digital teaching is playing an increasingly i mportant role in education. Compared with the traditional way of teaching, the digital way has a lot of advantages. On one hand, digital teaching makes global sharing of teaching r esources possible; on the other hand, it expands the learner's study time and space to le arn, allowing people to get access to the digital virtual schools through the Internet anyti me and anywhere. These advantages make it possible for people to shift from one-time l earning to lifelong learning.
Unit 2 – Section B
●Language Focus – Words in Use
shrink减少，下降，缩小revise改变，修订，订正evaluate评价，评估confirm 证实sufficient足够的，充足的recruit招聘，吸收，招收enroll招（生），吸收（成员），注册（学习）accumulate积累，积聚；堆积，聚积prime首要的，最重要的accord给予；与...一致；与...相符
1. I hear that English teachers are always in demand. If this is true, I could enroll in classes online and get a degree in English.
我听说英语老师总是供不应求。如果是这样的话，我就可以参加在线课程并获得学位英语。
2. Sometimes you'll need to revise your goal; for example, you may change your goal if you decide not to go to college but attend a training program instead.
有时候，你需要修改你的目标，例如，如果你决定不上大学，你可以改变你的目标，而是去参加一个培训计划。
3. I don't want to be confined by school while trying to get a four-year degree. I believe I can accumulate enough wealth over the next 20 years to retire early.
我不想被学校限制，而想获得四年制学位。我相信我能在未来20年积累足够的财富以提前退休。
4. The colleges have supplied several computer labs on campus so that all the students are accorded easy and free access to the Internet.
学院在校园内提供了数个计算机实验室，使所有学生都能轻松、自由地上网。
5. The university is conducting a survey to invite both the professors and students to evaluate the instructional materials and identify needs for technical support.
该大学正在进行调查，邀请教授和学生对教材进行评估，并确定技术支持的需求。
6. Parents in their prime working years face growing burdens caring for children and for their own parents, who are enjoying a longer lifespan nowadays.
父母在壮年时期面临着照顾孩子和父母的负担，他们现在的寿命更长。
7. Now you've got an interview! Be sure to call the day before to confirm it. Meanwhile, prepare yourself and get ready for it.
现在你有面试机会了！一定要在前一天打电话确认一下。同时，做好准备，做好准备。8. The number of adult smokers may be shrinking , but smokers between the ages of 13 and 23 have actually increased by 10 percent over the last 10 years.
成年烟民的数量可能会减少，但13和23岁之间的吸烟者实际上已经在过去10年增加了10%。
9. Judy's father was the manager of a store in a large supermarket chain, so he could receive a modest but sufficient pension from the company when he retired.
朱蒂的父亲是一家大型超市连锁店的经理，所以他退休后可以从公司得到微薄但足够的养老金。
10. When they recruit volunteers to help with their work, they pay particular attention to the volunteers' ability to solve problems.
当他们招募志愿者来帮助他们的工作时，他们特别关注志愿者解决问题的能力。
Language Focus – Expressions in Use
have sth. to do with与...有关be available to可获得，可利用(not) bother to （不想）费心，麻烦做某事rather than与其...倒不如describe...as把...说成；把...称为expose...to让某人接触某物；让某人体验某物be compelled to迫不得已for its own sake只是为了...本身；没有别的原因
1. She would not even bother to argue about the rights and wrongs of what had occurred since she knew that it would be useless for her to do so.
她甚至懒得去争论所发生的事情的是非曲直，因为她知道这样做是没有用的。
2. What makes these websites stand out is the amount of in-depth information that is available to parents, teachers, and kids.
使这些网站脱颖而出的是家长、教师和孩子们获得的大量信息。
3. Social funding to relieve poverty is slow in coming, and some farmers have been compelled to sell land as they could no longer endure poverty.
缓解贫困的社会资金很慢，一些农民被迫卖掉土地，因为他们再也无法忍受贫穷了。
4. Churchill accepted the gift. He described the painting as "a remarkable example of modern art", which drew loud laughter.
丘吉尔接受了礼物。他把这幅画描绘成“现代艺术的杰出典范”，引来了巨大的笑声。5. The school exposed the educationally disadvantaged students to creative, enriching educational experiences for a period of five years.
学校暴露的教育弱势学生创造性的期限为五年的丰富教育经验。
6. The best way to teach children gentleness is to be gentle in their everyday life rather than to shout at them or violently threaten them if they do something wrong.
教孩子们温柔的最好方法是在他们的日常生活中保持温柔，而不是对他们大喊大叫或是粗暴地威胁他们，如果他们做错了什么的话。
7. I'm sure her problems have something to do with what happened to her when she
was a child.
我相信她的问题都与她发生了什么事时，她还是个孩子。
8. After a student has done with secondary school courses, he should be interested enough in a subject to enjoy gaining knowledge for its own sake .
当一个学生完成中学课程后，他应该对某个学科有足够的兴趣，为自己的知识而获得知识。
Unit 3 – Section A
●Language Focus – Words in Use
phase阶段，时期label贴标签于；用标签标明parallel与...相当或相似；与...平行sensible合理的，切合实际的，明智的peculiar为某人/某地/某事物所特有的；奇怪的equivalent等价物，等同物，对应物radical彻底的，根本的；激进的，前卫的resent 对...感到愤恨predict预言，预料，预测witness目击，亲眼看见
1. Ernest Hemingway's keen insight into his society, ardent love for people and perceptive abilities helped him to form his own peculiar characteristic of writing.
Ernest Hemingway对社会的敏锐洞察力、对人的热爱和敏锐的洞察力，使他形成了自己独特的写作特色。
2. The project is on the point of collapse, and unless something very radical is done to repair the damage there will be no hope for the project.
该项目是在崩溃的边缘，除非有非常激进的做是为了修复损伤就没有对项目的希望。
3. It's not unusual for teenagers to go through a(n) phase when they feel ashamed of their parents, afraid that they might not live up to their friends' standards.
青少年常常要通过它的不寻常的阶段时，他们会觉得父母羞愧，担心他们可能会辜负他们的朋友的标准。
4. It is sensible for every family to make earthquake emergency plans and know how to leave the area during the chaos following an earthquake.
明智的做法是每个家庭地震急救计划，知道如何在地震过后的地区。
5. Economists are interested in all the factors that can help to predict the extent to which a price change will affect supply and demand in the market.
经济学家感兴趣的所有因素，可以帮助预测的程度，价格的变化会影响市场的供应和需求。
6. Starting Monday, all foods labeled"organic" must be up to the strict national standards that the government decided to put into effect now.
从星期一开始，所有标有“有机”的食品必须达到政府决定实施的严格的国家标准。
7. There is more to a woman than her looks, so I resent the fact that after a woman grows old and loses her looks people stop paying attention to her.
女人比相貌更重要，所以我讨厌女人老了，失去了容貌，人们不再注意她了。
8. Apart from technological development, the 20th century witnessed an enormous worldwide political, economic and cultural transformation.
除了技术发展，第二十世纪见证了一个巨大的世界性的政治、经济和文化转型。
9. Unlike the practice in China, if you're at a hotel restaurant in the United States, expect
a 15-20 percent service charge or add the equivalent amount yourself.
不像在中国的实践，如果你在美国的一家酒店餐厅，预计15-20%的服务费或添加等值自己。
10. The change in smoking habits parallels a change in the incidence of lung cancer. The more people smoke, the more chances of occurrence for lung cancer.
吸烟习惯的变化与肺癌发病率的变化。更多的人吸烟，发生肺癌的机会。
●Banked Cloze
There is a special life stage that our generation goes through. It is the (1) (transition) period, during which we move from teenage to adolescence. We learn who we are and what we stand for and what inspires us. Also, in this period we are (2) (saddled) with a lot of pressure from our parents who want us to make something out of ourselves.
My parents have already expressed feelings of (3) (anxiety) over my future with
academics and life. When I expressed to them recently that I would not mind graduating in five years instead of four in order to study abroad to (4) (acquaint)myself with the world, they seemed so shocked. That idea sounded foreign and to them was (5) (equivalent) to lack of ambition.
Apart from that, my mother has (6) (expressed) to me that she is worried that I am not searching for a boyfriend. I (7) (resent) this stupid idea of marrying out of college since it does not suit me one bit. Women today can get what they want out of life without a man, even children, as it becomes more (8) (acceptable) for women to adopt children.
I personally want to stay in school as long as I can to (9) (reinforce) my academic work, possibly complete a law degree and start a career, and then after, and only after, begin to think about (10) (shifting) to marriage. If my math is correct, that means I will be more or less "ready" for marriage at the age of 29 or 30, the age when my mother had me.
我们这一代经历了一个特殊的生命阶段。这是（1）（过渡）时期，从青少年时期到青春期。我们知道我们是谁，我们代表什么，什么给我们的启示。同时，在这个时期，我们（2）（背负）着来自父母的巨大压力，他们希望我们从自己身上有所收获。
我的父母已经用学术和生活表达了我对未来的（焦虑）（3）。最近我向他们表示，我不介意五年毕业，而不是四岁。为了出国留学（4）（熟悉）自己与世界，他们似乎很震惊。那种想法听起来很陌生，对他们来说（5）（相当于）缺乏雄心。
除此之外，我的母亲（6）（表示）对我说，她担心我不找男朋友。我（7）（不满）娶了大学因为它不适合我这种愚蠢的想法一位。今天的女性可以得到他们想要的生活没有一个男人，甚至孩子，成为（8）（接受）妇女领养孩子。
我个人想留在学校尽可能长时间（9）（加强）我的学术工作，可能完成一个法律学位，并开始一个职业，然后，然后，然后才开始思考（10）（转移）到婚姻。如果我的数学是正确的，那意味着在我29岁或30岁的时候，我会或多或少地“准备好”结婚。
Language Focus – Expressions in Use
resort to采取，凭藉，动用prior to在某事之前，先于某事make allowances for考虑到，体谅back off放弃，退出wonder at对...感到惊讶give way to 被...取代saddle with使某人承担苦差事base upon/on以...为基础以...为根基1. As the result of her divorce, she was obviously saddled with the double burden of playing the role of both mother and father.
当她离婚的结果，她显然是背负着扮演母亲和父亲的角色的双重负担。
2. Do not be intimidated by people who think they are smarter than you, and don't back off when facing competition; inner confidence is important.
不要被那些认为自己比你聪明的人吓倒，在面对竞争时不要退缩，内心的自信是重要的。
3. As our sweet childhood gives way to adolescence's temptation of love, we begin to learn, as adults, that most pleasures do not last forever.
当我们甜蜜的童年被青春期的爱的诱惑所取代时，作为成年人，我们开始学习到大多数的快乐不会永远持续下去。
4. In the economic recession, employers resorted to the reduction of costs, most particularly in wages, in order to survive in the competitive world markets.
在经济衰退期间，雇主采取降低成本，特别是工资，为了在竞争激烈的世界市场中生存。
5. People from abroad can take part in the intensified language program because schools have to make allowances for students whose English is not their first language. 境外人士可以参加强化语言程序，因为学校要为学生的英语不是他们的第一语言津贴。
6. Talking about negotiations, once an agreement is made, the Chinese sometimes wonder at the slow pace in which Westerners implement the decision.
谈到谈判，一旦达成协议，中国人有时会对西方人执行这一决定的速度感到惊讶。
7. Earthquakes occur without warning; however, it is claimed that some animals can feel earthquakes prior to occurrences because of their highly sensitive organs.
地震没有预兆地发生，然而，据说有些动物因为高度敏感的器官而在地震发生之前就能够感
受到地震。
8. An allowance can be based upon/based on your child's age, your own financial resources, the expenses it will cover and the goals you and your child wish to accomplish. 零用钱可以基于/根据孩子的年龄、自己的财政资源，费用将包括你和你的孩子想要达到的目标。
●
孝道（filial piety）是中国古代社会的基本道德规范（code of ethics）。中国人把孝视为人格之本、家庭和睦之本、国家安康之本。由于孝道是儒家伦理思想的核心，它成了中国社会千百年来维系家庭关系的道德准则。它毫无疑问是中华民族的一种传统美德。孝道文化是一个复合概念，内容丰富，涉及面广。它既有文化理念，又有制度礼仪（institutional etiquette）。一般来说，它指社会要求子女对父母应尽的义务，包括尊敬、关爱、赡养老人等等。孝道是古老的"东方文明"之根本。
Filial piety is the basic code of ethics in ancient Chinese society. Chinese people consider filial piety as the essence of a person’s integrity, family harmony, and the nation’s well-being. With filial piety being the core of Confucian ethics, it has been the moral standard for the Chinese society to maintain the family relationship for thousands of years. It’s undoubtedly a traditional Chinese virtue. The culture of filial piety is a complex concept, rich in content and wide in range. It includes not only cultural ideas but also institutional etiquettes. Generally speaking, it refers to the obligation of children to their parents required by the society, including respect, care, support for the elderly and so forth. Filial piety is fundamental to the ancient “Oriental civilization”.
Unit 3 – Section B
●Language Focus – Words in Use
exile流放，放逐；迫使...流亡国外hesitate犹豫，踌躇，迟疑feasible可行的，可能的hollow无意义的，虚有其表的；空的，中空的，空心的miserable 苦恼的，痛苦的，难受的erupt爆发，喷发；突然发生，爆发restless焦躁不安的，不耐烦的commercial商业的，商务的refine改进，完善demonstrate 说明，证明，证实；示范，演示
1. After his speech, the audience wondered if his good intentions would become realities or whether they would be just hollow promises.
演讲结束后，听众想知道他的好意会现实或他们是否会成为只是空洞的承诺。
2. Although every child is different, it's common for children at this age to get a little argumentative, restless and moody.
虽然每个孩子都是不同的，对于这个年龄的孩子有点争论是正常的，不安的情绪。
3. It is by participating in these activities that students can demonstrate their special talents, their level of maturity and responsibility, and their leadership qualities.
通过参加这些活动，学生可以展示他们的特殊才能，他们的成熟程度和责任感，以及他们的领导才能。
4. According to what we heard, she was exiled from her country three years ago because of her involvement in the plot against the government.
根据我们所听到的，她被流放三年前从她的国家，因为她在反政府阴谋的参与。
5. If you continue to feel lonely and miserable , you might consider coming to talk to someone at the University Counseling Service.
如果你继续感到孤独和痛苦，你可能会考虑来和大学咨询处的人谈谈。
6. Urban critics argue that people living in the cities really enjoy all the cultural, educational, and commercial advantages that are available to them.
城市评论家认为居住在城市的人们真正享受到他们所拥有的所有文化、教育和商业优势。7. He was a reserved man, so he usually hesitated before he spoke, as if he were not sure how his words would be received or remarked.
他是一个沉默寡言的人，所以在说话之前他通常会犹豫，好像他不知道他的话是如何被接受或评论的。
8. The miners' strike in July showed how quickly workers' discontent can erupt and how efficiently they can take organized action.
七月矿工罢工表明工人不满情绪爆发的速度和组织行动的有效性。
9. His first-year learning experiences allowed him to reflect and refine his learning methods and schedules and to go deeper in many ways.
他一年级的学习经历让他反思和完善自己的学习方法和计划，深入在许多方面。
10. It is not economically feasible to design buildings in Birstol to withstand a large earthquake as the chances of an earthquake are very small there.
它在经济上是不可行的建筑设计在Birstol承受大地震由于地震的可能性是很小的有。
●Language Focus – Expressions in Use
drift off慢慢入睡surrender oneself to听任某事摆布，屈服于某事fall into 陷入be tired of为（做）某事感到厌烦be strict with对（某人）严格/严厉bond with培养一种亲密或紧密的关系not amount to much不太重要，没什么了不起resign oneself to听从，顺从
1. Reasons for changing careers are different in nature, but many people move because they are tired of their current jobs and just want a change.
改变职业的原因在本质上是不同的，但是很多人之所以搬家是因为他们厌倦了现在的工作，只是想改变一下。
2. Just as it is easier to go downhill than to climb uphill, it is always easy to fall into bad habits unless people have a very strong will.
正如下山容易，爬上坡容易，除非人们有很强的意志力，否则容易养成坏习惯。
3. University students must be strict with themselves; otherwise, they will never complete their studies and get a bachelor's degree within four years.
大学生必须严格要求自己，否则四年内他们将永远无法完成学业并获得学士学位。
4. People used to think the development of electronics may not amount to much , but now more and more letters and documents travel electronically.
过去人们认为电子技术的发展可能不多，但现在越来越多的信件和文件以电子方式传播。5. He was sick and got a bad headache yesterday. It was only when he finally drifted off to sleep that his headache eased a little bit.
昨天他病了，头痛得厉害。直到他终于睡着了，他的头痛才稍微减轻了一点。
6. With two impressive personal stories, one featuring the author as a son, the other as
a father, the author has well bonded with his readers.
有两个令人印象深刻的个人的故事，一个作者作为一个儿子，另一个是父亲，作者与读者结合良好。
7. The young man had to resign himself to the inevitable fact that he would not be able to come back to his motherland again.
这个年轻人不得不承认他再也不能回到自己的祖国这一不可避免的事实。
8. The news report revealed that 16 US and British citizens in Kuwait were ordered to surrender themselves to the Iraqi authorities.
新闻报道显示，16的美国和英国公民在科威特被勒令自首的伊拉克当局。
Unit 4 – Section A
●Language Focus – Words in Use
commence开始，着手deserve应得，应受到tempting诱人的，吸引人的coordinate调节，协调lodge正式提出，借宿，提供住宿confess承认grant
给予，准予；补助金，拨款proceed继续进行，继续做display显示，显露consequently结果，因此，所以
1. When the police caught up with him, Mr. Foster had to confess that he'd broken the speed limit.
当警察赶上他时，Foster先生不得不承认他打破了车速限制。
2. Whenever my boss makes a decision that I don't agree with, I tell him what I really think, though it's tempting to make him happy by telling him his ideas are always right.
每当我的老板做出一个我不同意的决定时，我就告诉他我真正的想法，尽管告诉他他的想法总是正确的，使他高兴是很有诱惑力的。
3. As can be probably perceived, a manned trip to Mars may soon commence since scientists have achieved the manned moon mission.
可以或许认为，载人去火星可能很快开始以来，科学家已经实现了载人登月任务。
4. A number of countries are coordinating their efforts to send out food to the area worst affected by the flood.
一些国家正在协调他们的努力发出食物受水灾最严重的地区。
5. State governments and the colleges themselves have granted financial help to students with special abilities and those with financial needs.
州政府和高校自身赋予金融帮助有特殊能力的学生和那些与金融需求。
6. The committee agreed that his papers deserved a wider circulation because of their essential and fundamental interest to a larger audience.
委员会一致认为，他的论文应该得到更多循环由于其根本利益的一个更大的观众。
7. The anger and frustration displayed by the local people who do not understand what is happening to them will be a terrible and dangerous force.
当地人不了解发生在他们身上的愤怒和沮丧将是一种可怕和危险的力量。
8. Americans defend the right to obtain a gun, and they have consequently been willing to turn a blind eye to the harm that people owning guns have caused.
美国人捍卫获得枪支的权利，因此他们愿意对拥有枪支的人造成的伤害视而不见。
9. As the finance ministry rejected the deal for its "lack of clarity", it lodged a complaint with the European Commission that this deal was against the law.
作为财政部拒绝为其“清晰”缺乏交易，它向欧洲委员会投诉，这交易是违法的。
10. Dogs cannot distinguish the color of traffic lights, so the master must make the decision of when it is safe to proceed across the road.
狗不能分辨交通信号灯的颜色，所以主人必须作出决定时，它是安全的进行过马路。
Banked Cloze
Traditional dating is a self-paced, general meeting of two people. The two usually(1) (commence) with spending extra time together, getting to know one another and seeing how (2) (tempting) they could be to each other. A good example is a man meeting a woman and sensing her (3) (charm). He then extends a formal invitation for a date. With traditional dating, you get to go at a steady pace, (4) (allowing) yourself and your date to get to know each other through extensive contact.
There are many (5) (components) that can be expected from traditional dates. Men, who are supposed to (6) (display) these traditional values, will open the door for the woman, stand up when she leaves the table, pay for everything, and (7) (proceed) to the next move. In the1950s, a man would usually ask a woman out several days ahead for a specific date and time. If she accepted, they would (8) (arrange) for a time to pick her up.
He would then take her to a dinner and a movie.
Today the rules of traditional dating are less clear. Twenty years ago, if a young lady asked a men out on a date, it was thought to be (9) (weird). Now, women are being encouraged to take the initiative and ask men out. A date may consist of a brief meeting at a café or a trip to the (10) (local) art museum. Men often pay on the first date, but the woman may offer to go Dutch. The traditional dating style has been found much less common now.
传统的约会是两个人的一个自定步调的一般性会议。这两个通常（1）（开始）花额外的时间在一起，了解彼此，看看如何（2）（诱人）他们可以对彼此。一个很好的例子是一个男人遇见一个女人并感觉到她的（3）（魅力）。然后他正式邀请了一个约会对象。在传统的约会中，你会以稳定的速度前进，（4）（允许）你和你的约会对象通过广泛接触了解对方。
有许多（5）（组件）可以从传统的日期。男人，（6）（显示）这些传统的价值观，将打开门的女人，站起来，当她离开，支付一切，和（7）（继续）下一步行动。在20世纪50年代，男人通常会问一个女人，未来几天，具体的日期和时间。如果她接受，他们会（8）（安排）一时间去接她。然后，他会带她去吃晚餐和看电影。
今天传统约会的规则不太清楚。二十年前，如果一个年轻女士邀请一个男人出去约会，人们会认为这是（9）（怪异的）。现在，妇女被鼓励采取主动我请男人出去。约会可以是在咖啡馆举行一个简短的会议，或是去（10）（当地）艺术博物馆参观。男人通常在第一次约会时付钱，但女方可能主动提出各自付账。现在人们发现传统的约会方式已经不那么常见了。
Language Focus – Expressions in Use
immune to不受...影响的，对...有免疫力的fall in love with爱上，倾心go along with同意，支持on one’s behalf为...的利益，代表be filled with充满，装满take the liberty of擅自做某事expel from驱逐出，排除，开出be pessimistic about对...持悲观看法
1. She authorized her partner to carry out the daily responsibilities on her behalf when she was on her business trip.
她授权她的合伙人在她出差时替她履行日常职责。
2. On hearing the latest news about your mother's ill health, I took the liberty of canceling your reservation at the Sheraton.
听到你母亲生病的最新消息，我将在喜来登取消您的预订的自由。
3. There was an obvious indication that the police who have to enforce the new law were not immune to the general discontent.
有明显的迹象表明，必须执行新法律的警察不能免受普遍不满。
4. When she heard of her failure in the experiment, her eyes were filled with tears; whether it was of shame, frustration, or grief was difficult to tell.
当她听到她的实验失败了，她的眼睛里充满了泪水；无论是耻辱，沮丧或悲伤，很难分辨。
5. Rose knows that continuous letters from John, together with countless roses, are aimed at making her fall in love with him.
罗斯知道约翰源源不断的来信，连同数不清的玫瑰花，都是为了使她爱上他。
6. Expelled from public school for drinking and smoking and then failing in show business as a singer, she joined her father's business 10 years ago.
她因酗酒抽烟而被开除出公立学校，后来当歌手失败了，10年前她加入了她父亲的公司。
7. Since the great scandals in banking, many people in the country have been pessimistic about the prospects of economic recovery within a few years.
自从银行业发生重大丑闻以来，国内许多人对几年内经济复苏的前景持悲观态度。
8. The parents were quite happy to go along with our suggestion because it had taken their most important concerns into consideration.
父母很乐意接受我们的建议，因为他们把他们最重要的问题考虑在内了。
●Translation
汉译英
农历七月初七是中国的七夕节(Qixi Festival)，是中国传统节日中最具浪漫色彩的一个节日。一些大的商家每年都举办不同的活动，年轻人也送礼物给他们的情人。因此，七夕节被认为是中国的“情人节”(Valentine's Day)。七夕节来自牛郎与织女（Cowherd and Weaving Maid）的传说。相传，每年的这个夜晚，天上的织女都会与牛郎相会。所以，在七夕的夜晚，人们可以看到牛郎织女在银河（the Milky Way）相会。姑娘们也会在这一天晚上向天上的织女
乞求智慧，以获得美满姻缘。但随着时代的变迁，这些活动正在消失，唯有标志着忠贞爱情的牛郎织女的传说一直流传民间。
July 7th on the Chinese calendar is Chinese Qixi Festival, the most romantic of all the traditional Chinese holidays. Every year, some big businesses organize various activities, and young people send gifts to their lovers. As a result, the Qixi Festival is considered to be Chinese "Valentine's Day". The Qixi Festival is derived from the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid. The legend holds that on this particular night every year the Weaving Maid in heaven meets with Cowherd. So, people can see Cowherd and Weaving Maid meeting in the Milky Way on the night of Qixi. On this night, girls would also beg Weaving Maid for some wisdom for a happy marriage. But,
with the changing of times, these activities are diminishing. All that remains is the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid, a sign of faithful love, continuously circulated among the folk.
Unit 4 – Section B
●Language Focus – Words in Use
conceal隐藏，隐瞒frown皱眉conquer克服，制服reckon认为，以为convey表达，传递，传达forge形成，缔结；伪造，假冒abnormal不正常的，反常的，变态的thrill激动，狂喜，令人激动的事clarify澄清，讲清楚，阐明thrive兴旺，欣欣向荣，茁壮成长
1. To American politicians, the handshake has long been a way of conveying intimacy with the voters, and the world record for greeting was probably achieved by Roosevelt at a New Year's reception in 1907.
美国的政客们，握手已久的方式与选民传达亲密，和迎接世界纪录可能是通过罗斯福在新年招待会1907 .
2. A happy marriage can only be forged through years of commitment to caring for and understanding each other.
幸福的婚姻只能通过致力于关心和理解对方年伪造。
3. With the financial help from his parents, his business is thriving even during this time of economic recession.
在父母的经济帮助下，即使在经济衰退时期，他的生意也蒸蒸日上。
4. By carrying out a small test, doctors can detect the abnormal cells that might cause cancers in time and then treat them easily and simply.
通过一个小测试，医生可以及时检测出可能导致癌症的异常细胞，然后简单而简单地治疗它
们。
5. After the little girl lost her parents in the traffic accident, she kept frowning all the time and never smiled again.
小女孩在交通事故中失去双亲后，她一直皱着眉头，再也没有笑过。
6. We're going to have a baby! Let's start off by calling our families and telling them the good news. I believe our parents are going to be as thrilled as we are.
我们要有个孩子了！让我们先打电话给我们的家人，告诉他们好消息。我相信我们的父母会像我们一样兴奋。
7. As the three of us were sitting together eating cake, I reckoned that it was quite a luxury to be able to spend time with my family.
当我们三个人坐在一起吃蛋糕的时候，我估计能和家人在一起度过是一种奢侈。
8. The governor of this state has clarified the state government's decision that it is necessary to stop giving money away so easily.
这个州的州长已经澄清了州政府的决定，要停止给钱那么容易。
9. Playing musical instruments shapes the character of self-assurance and has the added bonus of public performance, which helps to conquer the fear of getting up in front of people.
演奏乐器塑造了自信的性格，增加了公众的表演，有助于克服害怕在人前起床的恐惧心理。
10. With the downturn of economy, many people are having a hard time controlling their temper and concealing their anger.
随着经济的衰退，许多人都很难控制自己的脾气，掩饰自己的愤怒。
Language Focus – Expressions in Use
whip out很快地拿出，抽出thrive on乐意做be inclined有做某事的倾向，倾向于做某事chip in凑钱，凑份子indifferent to（对...）不关心的，不在乎的take the initiative采取主动，首先采取行动in the pit of one’s stomach 在胸口，在心窝make contact with取得联系
1. I have met some interesting people at the golf course, and I can make contact with them by email when I don't have time to see them personally.
我在高尔夫球场遇到了一些有趣的人，当我没有时间亲自去看他们的时候，我可以通过电子邮件与他们联系。
2. Everyone was standing around in silence when the owner of the house asked us a question, so took the initiative I and tried to explain why we had come.
当主人问我们一个问题时，大家都静静地站着，于是我主动向大家解释为什么我们来了。3. In my opinion, students who are inclined to cheat are going to cheat regardless of the technology. It's just a question of honesty. We're here to learn, so we've got to make the most of it ourselves.
依我看，倾向于作弊的学生不管技术如何都会作弊。这只是一个诚实的问题。我们来这里是为了学习，所以我们必须充分利用它。
4. Creative people, along with their persistence, are usually very inspirational and determined to thrive on overcoming obstacles.
有创造力的人，以及他们的坚持，通常是非常鼓舞人心的，并决心克服障碍而茁壮成长。5. Some of us are too often indifferent to losing an hour or a day by wasting time, forgetting that our life is the sum total of the days and of the hours we live.
有些人往往对浪费时间失去一个小时或一天，忘记了我们的生命是活着的日子和小时的总和。
6. We're all familiar with seeing business people whip out their card at every occasion. The name of their business and their phone number will be remembered.
我们都很熟悉商业人士在任何场合都会掏出名片。他们的企业名称和电话号码将被记住。7. She closed her eyes for a moment, trying to calm down and fight off the fear that she felt somewhere in the pit of her stomach .
她闭了一会儿眼睛，试图冷静下来，战胜恐惧，她感到她胸口的地方。
8. The brothers have decided to chip in a certain amount of money each month to hire
a housekeeper to take care of their mother who is now very sick.
兄弟俩决定芯片在一定数量的钱每个月雇了个保姆照顾他们的母亲现在病得很厉害。
Unit 5 – Section A
●Language Focus – Words in Use
manipulate操纵，控制contradict与…抵触，与…矛盾，违背paradox自相矛盾perspective角度，观点，想法defy违反，违抗，不服从suspend暂停，终止，使…暂时停学tackle处理，对付retain保留，保有，继续拥有derive 得到，获得；源自，源于explicit清楚明确的，直截了当的
1. The "discipline" message asks people to save, while the "enjoy yourself" message asks people to spend; therefore, they contradict each other.
纪律”信息要求人们储蓄，而“享受自我”的信息要求人们花钱，因此，他们互相抵触。
2. It is a(n)paradox that in some odd way world peace appears to depend on our spending millions of pounds on weapons that can kill us all.
这是一个悖论，在某种程度上，世界和平似乎取决于我们花费数百万英镑购买能杀死我们所有人的武器。
3. It is far more effective for parents to allow for the child's perspective and let him make his own choice rather than make a decision for him.
对于父母来说，允许孩子的观点更有效，让他自己做出选择，而不是为他做决定。
4. When you are writing any directions for people, you've got to be direct and explicit to make everything rightly understood.
当你写的任何方向的人，你要直接和明确的让一切正确的理解。
5. The new teaching program was suspended last semester because the teachers in the department protested its demand for more intense work.
新的教学计划上学期暂停了，因为系里的老师抗议要求加强工作。
6. He is a very considerate and generous person, and he is also one of those who can often derive pleasure from helping others.
他是一个非常体贴和慷慨的人，他也是那些经常能从帮助别人中获得乐趣。
7. Many children are addicted to computers, so they often defy their parents and play the computer games for hours every day.
许多孩子沉迷于电脑，所以他们经常违抗父母，每天玩几个小时的电脑游戏。
8. My roommate is always very optimistic, and that's why he still retains his good humor after all the setbacks.
我的室友总是很乐观的，这就是为什么他仍然保留着他的幽默毕竟挫折。
9. There is a widely held suspicion that the politician, though retired, still has great power and is manipulating events behind the scenes.
人们普遍认为，这位政治家虽然已经退休，但仍有很强的权力，他正在幕后操纵事件。10. The organization has been working with local authorities as well as regional government and officials to tackle the problem of climate.
该组织一直在与地方当局以及地区政府和官员合作，解决气候问题。
●Banked Cloze
To spend or save is a question which many people have. There is always a(n) (1) (dilemma) whether one should spend the money that he has earned or save that money for the future. Well, there is no (2) (explicit) answer to the question as different people have different (3) (perspectives) on their life, and that is the reason why some people tend to spend all the money earned while others (4) (retain) control over their money.
People who spend all the money do not think much about the future. The only thing that they enjoy doing most is to (5) (derive) pleasure from spending money. For example, if they like a particular car, mobile phone or laptop, they will buy it without giving it a thought. For them, the most important thing is to satisfy their material (6) (appetite). People who have their first job or who haven't married often fall in this category.
In the long run, saving is a good (7) (option) for one's life as saving helps an
individual to plan for future (8) (urgent) needs. That is also the reason why many people save money for a rainy day. Individuals who can (9) (suspend) their spending save money successfully. Instead of buying on impulse, they delay their purchasing decision and won't be easily (10) (manipulated) by commercial ads. Individuals who have responsibility for their family belong to this category.
花钱还是储蓄是许多人都有的问题。总有一个（1）（进退两难）的问题：一个人应该把他赚的钱花掉，还是把钱留到将来。嗯，没有（2）（显式）问题的答案，因为不同的人有不同的（3）（观点）对他们的生活，这就是为什么有些人倾向于把所有挣来的钱而其他人（4）（保留）控制他们的钱。
花钱的人对未来不怎么想。他们最喜欢做的事情就是从花钱中（获得）（5）快乐。例如，如果他们喜欢某一辆车手机或笔记本电脑，他们会毫不犹豫地买下它。对他们来说，最重要的是满足他们的物质（6）（食欲）。有第一份工作或没有工作的人得到的往往就属于这一类。
从长远来看，储蓄是一种好的（7）（选项）为自己的生命拯救帮助一个人未来的计划（8）（紧急）的需求。这也是为什么很多人存钱以备不时之需的原因。我个人谁能（9）（暂停）消费省钱成功。而不是冲动购买，他们推迟购买决定，并不会很容易（10）（操纵）的商业广告。那些为他们的家庭责任，属于这一类个体。
Language Focus – Expressions in Use
take stock of（对形势）作出评估（判断）put off推迟某事，使某事延期at odds with与…不和，与…争吵on track在（可能通向成功的）轨迹上take in领会，理解，记住consult with与某人商量refer to提到，谈到do one’s utmost 竭尽全力做某事
1. People who work in offices are referred to as "white-collar workers" for the simple reason that they traditionally wear a white shirt with a collar and a tie to go to work.
在办公室工作的人被称为“白领”，因为他们通常穿白色衬衫的衣领和领带去上班。
2. When the police arrived, he had already destroyed the evidence that was at odds with his earlier statement made a few hours ago.
当警察到达时，他已经销毁了与他几小时前发表的声明不一致的证据。
3. In order to persuade his daughter to put off the marriage, the father quoted statistics showing mixed-race couples had higher divorce rates than same-race couples.
为了说服女儿推迟婚姻，父亲引用的统计数据显示混合种族的夫妇离婚率比同族结婚的高。
4. The mother made the decision to give cough medicine and Aspirin to her sick child without consulting with the child's doctor.
母亲决定不给孩子的医生咨询，给生病的孩子开咳嗽药和阿司匹林。
5. Both professional experts and school teachers say that children tend to do their utmost when they see their parents making similar efforts.
专业专家和学校教师都说，孩子们在看到父母做出同样的努力时，往往会尽最大努力。
6. As she entered the most dynamic period of her career, Kylie took stock of her success and tried to analyze the strong impact of her college education.
当她进入她职业生涯的最活跃的时期，Kylie把她成功的股票，试图分析她的大学教育的强烈冲击。
7. The chief executive George Grey is confident that current growth levels can be maintained since all the group's development projects stay on track .
首席执行官George Grey相信，由于集团的所有发展项目都在轨道上，目前的增长水平是可以维持的。
8. It is very important for students to understand and take in new information. Besides, they should examine and judge information carefully and then make the right decisions.
学生理解和掌握新信息是非常重要的。此外，他们应该仔细检查和判断信息，然后做出正确的决定。
●
丝绸之路（Silk Road）是我国古代一条连接中国和欧亚大陆（Eurasia）的交通线路，由于这条商路以丝绸贸易为主，故称"丝绸之路"。作为国际贸易的通道和文化交流的桥梁，丝绸之路有效地促进了东西方经济文化交流和发展，对世界文明进程有着深远影响。当前，在新的历史条件下，我国提出了"一带一路"（One Belt, One Road）（即"丝绸之路经济带"和"21世纪海上丝绸之路"）的战略构想。"一带一路"以合作共赢为核心，强调相关各国的互利共赢和共同发展。这一战略一经提出即受到沿线各国的积极响应。
The Silk Road is a traffic route in the ancient times connecting China and Eurasia. This trade route focuses on the trade of silk, hence the name "the Silk Road". As an international trade channel and a bridge of cultural exchanges, the Silk Road effectively improved the economic and cultural exchanges and development between the East and the West, exerting a profound impact on the progress of the world civilization. Nowadays, under the new historical circumstances, our country proposes the strategy of "One Belt, One Road" (namely the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road). The strategy of "One Belt, One Road" focuses on cooperation and mutual benefits, emphasizing mutual benefits, win-win, as well as common development of the related countries. Once proposed, the strategy has received positive responses from the related countries along the road.
Unit 5 – Section B
●Language Focus – Words in Use
feature特点，特征，特色issue发表声明，颁布，发出命令，警告submit呈交，递交，呈递artificial人造的，人工的，假的prohibit使不可能的，阻止，禁止principal最重要的，首要的，主要的impose强制推行，强制实行crisis 危机，紧要关头isolate孤立，隔离remedy补救，纠正，改善
1. Leaders in Europe, where most nations already prohibited human cloning, began examining the moral implications of cloning other species.
大多数国家已经禁止克隆人的欧洲领导人开始研究克隆其他物种的道德含义。
2. There are websites where students can submit math homework problems to a math expert and message boards where students with very specific needs can help each other. 有一些网站，学生可以向数学专家和留言板提交数学作业问题，有特殊需求的学生可以互相帮助。
3. It appears that enough sleep is of crucial importance to health; with a few extra hours of uninterrupted sleep, your health situation could have been remedied .
看来充足的睡眠对健康至关重要，只要多睡几个小时，你的健康状况就会得到改善。
4. Since the country didn't get along with the US, Washington imposed economic sanctions on this country, so its economy has gone into a steep decline.
由于国家没有随着美国、华盛顿实施经济制裁这个国家，因此它的经济已经进入了一个急剧下降。
5. People's Daily offers more news both at home and abroad, and its special emphasis on international events is a prominent feature that can never escape our attention.
《人民日报》在国内外提供了更多的新闻，特别强调国际赛事，是我们永远无法回避的突出特色。
6. The government is to launch a new building program in an attempt to solve the housing crisis , but they still face enormous other problems.
政府为了解决住房危机，推出一个新的建设项目，但他们仍面临着巨大的问题。
7. According to the news media, the fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are being developed and perfected right now.
据新闻媒体报道，目前正在开发和完善的具有人工智能的第五代计算机。
8. Although there might be some other reasons, the principal reason for my recent job change was that I found it difficult to get along well with my boss.
虽然可能还有其他原因，但我最近跳槽的主要原因是我觉得很难与老板相处融洽。
9. A study issued by the University of Washington shows that a lack of academic achievement is closely linked to improper behavior in the students' social environment.
华盛顿大学发表的一项研究表明，学习成绩的缺乏与学生社会环境中的不当行为有着密切的联系。
10. Emily Dickinson, the great American poet, isolated herself from society and was living a normal New England village life only with her family.
伟大的美国诗人艾米莉·狄金森脱离了社会，和家人一起过着一种普通的新英格兰乡村生活。 Language Focus – Expressions in Use
be entitled to使某人有权利/资格做某事in accordance with与…一致，依照，秉承shrug off对…满不在乎，对…不屑一顾out of the question不可能，不允许tear at撕扯suffer from经受，承受，蒙受access to进入权，使用权，接触的机会care about在乎，在意
1. Research shows that an increasing number of people in the high-powered jobs such as financial sectors are suffering from fatigue and stress-related illness.
研究表明，像金融业这样高绩效工作的人越来越多，他们正承受着疲劳和压力相关的疾病。
2. The government should advocate a campaign to improve morality and let people be aware of morality and do things in accordance with it.
研究表明，像金融业这样高绩效工作的人越来越多，他们正承受着疲劳和压力相关的疾病。
3. Mr. Jacob shrugged off the criticism, claiming he was working for the taxpayers in general, not for special-interest groups and politicians.
雅各伯先生对批评不以为然，声称他是为一般纳税人工作，而不是为特殊利益集团和政治家工作。
4. Although all California high school graduates ought to be entitled to an education at the California State University, many cannot afford the ever-rising cost of tuition.
虽然加利福尼亚所有的高中毕业生都应该有一个教育在加利福尼亚州立大学，许多无法负担学费的成本不断上升。
5. Since quite a few people have become successful without much education, many students perceive it as a good reason not to care about getting a college degree.
由于相当多的人没有受过多少教育就成功了，许多学生认为这是不考虑获得大学学位的一个很好的理由。
6. Hearing about the sudden death of her husband in the traffic accident, she began to scream high, sharp screams that tore at her chest and hurt her throat.
关于她丈夫的突然死亡交通事故听证会上，她开始尖叫，尖锐的尖叫，撕扯着她的胸部，伤了她的喉咙。
7. Fortunately, I soon got access to the necessary equipment, learned the technology from a friend, and participated in the virtual classroom five days a week.
幸运的是，我很快就得到了必要的设备，从一个朋友那里学到了技术，并每周参加了五天的虚拟教室。
8. It has been so cold and windy for more than 10 days that gardening has been out of the question, so we have to put it off until the weather gets better and warmer.
它是如此寒冷的天气10天以上，园艺已经出了问题，所以我们要把它推迟到天气好暖和。