18 19Module1SectionⅢGrammar被动语态Ⅰand主谓一致

Section 山Grammar 被动语态(I )&

主谓一致

［语境自主领悟］

［语法精要点拨］

一、一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态

1. 构成

一般现在时被动语态的构成：is/am/are+过去分词

一般过去时被动语态的构成：was/were+过去分词

My computer is repaired every few mon ths.

我的电脑每隔几个月修理一次。

My computer was repaired by the storekeeper yesterday.

昨天我的电脑被店主修理过了。

2. 用法

(1)需要强调动作的承受者时，此时可以用“by+动作执行者”指出动作的执行者。—Did you enjoy the party?

――你们在聚会上玩得开心吗？

—Yes.We were treated wel by our hosts

――很开心。主人把我们招待得很好。

(2)不知道动作的执行者或没有必要指出动作的执行者时。

Do you know whe n the new railway will be opened?

你知道新的铁路什么时候通车吗？

3. 主动形式表示被动意义

⑴连系动词(如look, sou nd, smell, feel, taste, remai n 等)后接表语时，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。

The food tastes delicious.

这种食品尝起来美味可口。

What he said at the meet in g pounded e ncourag ing.

他在会上说的话听起来令人备受鼓舞。

(2)当wash, write, sell, open, close, shut, lock 等不及物动词后加副词(有些可不加副词)且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。

This kind of cloth washes easily and lasts long.

这种布料很容易洗，并且耐穿。

The pen my father gave me as a birthday gif W rites smoothly.

父亲给我的作为生日礼物的钢笔写起来很流畅。

［名师点津］

⑴不及物动词(短语)无被动语态。常见的不及物动词(短语)有即pea, die, disappea, fail, happen, lie , break out, come true, lose heart, take place, run out 等。

(2)部分及物动词(短语)无被动语态。常见的有contain , fit , suit , cost , belong to , con sist of 等。

［即时演练1］单句语法填空

①All the broke n doors were repaired (repair)yesterday.

②All the housework is done (do)by my mother in our family.

③The wounded man was sent(send) to the hospital right away after the accident happened.

④A huge fire broke(break) out last nigh, causing great damage to the company.

二、主谓一致

主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词与其主语在数上必须保持一致。英语中的主谓

一致主要遵循：意义一致、语法一致和就近一致三个原则。

考点一意义一致

意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致。

1 .集合名词(family , team, class, government等)作主语时，若视为整体,

谓语动词用单数形式；若视为个体，谓语动词则用复数形式。

His family is going out.

他们全家要外出。

His family are all music lovers.

他们全家都是音乐爱好者。

［名师点津］

(1) 集合名词people, police, cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

(2) trousers, glasses clothes, shoes等词作主语时,谓语动词用复数,但如

果这些词前有a (the) pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。

2. 从句、动词不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；what 引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要视表语而定。

To learn English well is difficult.

学好英语是困难的。

Liste ning to loud music at rock con certs is caused heari ng loss in some teen agers.

在摇滚音乐会上听很吵的音乐已造成了一些青少年的听力丧失。

What he is faced with is a new project.

他所面对的是一项新的课题。

What we n eed are more volun teers.

我们所需要的是更多的志愿者。

3. 表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。

Three mon ths has passed since I came to the school.

我来到这所学校已经三个月。

Fifty dollars was a large sum of money for me at that time.

那时50美金对我来说是一大笔钱。

4. and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式；但如果and所连接的两个单数名词指的是同一个人、同一件事或表示整体概念，则谓语动词用单数形式。

A sin ger and dan cer is prese nt at the party today.

一位歌舞演员出席了今天的派对。

A sin ger and a dan ce are prese nt at the party today.

一位歌唱家和一位舞者出席了今天的派对。

5. 当主语是“ most/some/half/the rest分数/百分数+ of+名词” 时，如果of 后面的名词表示单数概念或为不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果of后面的名词表示复数概念，则谓语动词用复数形式。

Most of his time is spe nt on study.

他的大部分时间都用在了学习上。

Twe nty perce nt of the workers here are wome n.

这儿百分之二十的工人是女工。

6 ?“the+形容词/过去分词”表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

The old are well take n care of in our city.

老年人在我们城市被照顾得很好。

The injured have bee n take n to the n earest hospital.

受伤的人们已被送到了最近的医院。

［即时演练2］单句语法填空

①Twenty pounds was/is (be) miss ing from the wallet.

②Even the wise are (be) not always free from mistakes.

③The rest of the workers are (be) still very tired.

考点二语法一致

语法一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。

1. either，neither，each, every 或no+单数名词和由some, any，no, every 构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。

We went to see a couple of houses but neither was suitable.

我们去看了两处房子，但都不合适。

Is there anything wrong with your bike?

你的自行车有什么毛病吗？

2. 主语后接with，along with，rather than, but，except, besides including，together with，as well as等短语时，谓语动词的数与主语一致。

Tom, along with his friends，goes skating every Saturday.

每个星期六，汤姆都和他的朋友们一起去滑冰。

The teacher as well as the stude ntt kes the pain ti ng.

老师和学生都喜欢这幅画。

3. 当主语是由and, both...and..连接的并列结构时，谓语动词用复数；但由and连接的并列主语前面分别有every，each, no等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。

In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive educati on.

在我国，男孩和女孩都有受教育的权利。

［名师点津］

“many a(n)/more than on3单数可数名词”作主语时，尽管意义上是复数，

但谓语动词仍用单数形式。

［即时演练3］单句语法填空

①Both John and Ann are (be) interested in English.

②Tom, as well as the other students in his class likes (like) swimming.

③Read ing _is (be) a good way to improve your En glish.

考点三就近一致

就近一致就是谓语动词在人称和数上与最近的主语保持一致。

1. neither...nor.., either...or..., not only...but also..., not...but..., whether...or... 或or连接并列主语时，谓语动词要用就近原则。

Neither you nor he was allowed to go out at ni ght.

你和他都不允许晚上出去。

Is either she or you going to Beijing?

她还是你要去北京？

2. there, here引导的句子其主语是一系列事物时，使用就近一致原则。

There is a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk.

桌上有一支钢笔，两本书和许多铅笔。

There are many routes from China to Europe.

从中国到欧洲有很多条路线。

［即时演练4］单句改错

①Not on ly the stude nts but also the teacher want to go climbi ng.wan^wants

②There are an apple and three bananas in the basket .are

③Either you or I are going to the teacher's office after class.ar e am

［语法应用落实］

I ?单句语法填空

1. I need ten more minutes before my work is finished(finish)

2. We each have(have) a different point of view.Each of us has(have) got someth ing to say.

3. The father as well as his children goes(go) skating on the frozen river every Sun day after noon in win ter.

4. One-third of the country is covered(cover)with trees and the majority of the citize ns are(be) black.

【导学号:27932019】

5. Are(be) neither you nor your brother interested in swimming?

【导学号:27932019】

6. The water felt(feel) cool whe n I jumped in to the pool for morni ng exercise.

7. En glish isused(use) all over the world and has become a uni versal la nguage.

8 . Either you or one of your students is(be) to attend the meeting that will be hed(hold) tomorrow.

n .单句改错

1. The music that I heard last night was sounded beautifu去掉was

2. The cattle eats grass on the side of the hill every day.eatseat

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