沪教牛津版八年级英语下册语法精讲及练习
语法知识
现在进行时
一.现在进行时表示的意义：
1.表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作，强调动作发生的时间是此时此刻。例如；
I am reading an English book. 我正在看一本英语书。
She is watching TV. 她正在看电视。
2.表示目前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。例如：
What lessons are you studying this week? 你们本周学哪些课了？
Tom’s parents are working in China this year. 汤姆的父母今年一直在中国工作。二.现在进行时的句子结构：
现在进行时由“助动词be + 动词的现在分词”构成，be (am, is, are)是助动词，不做联系动词用，不解释“是”。其句子结构为：
1.肯定句由“主语 + be + v.-ing + 其他”构成。例如：
I am cleaning the classroom. 我正在打扫教室。
They are playing the piano.
2. 否定句由“主语 + be + not + v.-ing + 其他”构成。例如：
He is not watching TV. 他没在看电视。
They are not writing. 他们没在写东西。
3. 一般疑问句由“Be + 主语 + v.-ing + 其他？”构成，其肯定答句为“Yes, 主语 + be”否定答句为“No, 主语 + be + not”。例如：
—Is she listening to the music? 她正在听音乐吗？
—Yes, she is. / no, she isn’t. 是的，她在听。/ 不，她不在听。
—Are they running? 他们正在跑步吗？
—Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t. 是的，他们在跑。/ 不，他们不在跑。
4. 特殊疑问句由“特殊疑问词 + be + 主语 + v.-ing + 其他？”构成。例如：
What are you doing? 你们正在做什么？
Who is he talking to? 他正在和谁谈话？
三.现在分词的构成：
1.直接在动词原形末尾加-ing。例如：
teach—teaching play—playing look—looking go—going
2.以不发音的字母e 结尾的动词，先去掉e 再加-ing。例如：
write—writing take—taking live—living give—giving
3.以重读闭音节结尾的动词，且末尾只有一个辅音字母时，应双写该辅音字母再加-ing。
例如：put—putting run—running begin—beginning swim—swimming
四.现在进行时的标志：
1.句中有副词now时，，常表示动作正在进行，这时要用现在进行时。例如：
The children are playing football now. 孩子们现在正在踢足球。
2.句首有look, listen 提醒注意时，提示我们动作正在进行，这时要用现在进行时。例如： Look! A train is coming. 看！火车来了。
Listen! He is reading. 听！他正在朗读。
3.句首有表示钟点的时间时，提示动作正在进行，这时要用现在进行时。例如：
It’s six o’clock. My mother is cooking breakfast. 现在六点了，我妈妈正在做早餐。
4.根据语境或上下文理解，如果是动作正在进行，这时要用现在进行时。例如：
Don’t make noise. The baby is sleeping. 不要吵，婴儿正在睡觉。
五.没有进行时态的动词：
在英语中有一些动词没有或很少有进行时态。到目前为止，我们学过的没有进行时态的动词可分为以下几类：
1. 表示感觉的感官动词，如see“看见”，hear“听见”，find “找到”，notice“留意”
等。
例如：Do you hear the noise of a plane？你听到飞机的声音了吗？
We see him. 我们看见他了。
注意：有些表示感观的动词，如listen to, look at强调的是听和看的动作，而不是结果，所以可用于现在进行时态中。例如：
They are listening to the teacher. 他们在听老师讲课。
2.表示态度和感情，心理状态等意思的动词，如like“喜欢”，love “爱”，know “知道”，
want“想要”，hope“希望”，hate“恨”，think“认为”，believe“相信”等。例如： I like dog. 我喜欢狗。
I want to go out for a walk now. 我现在想出去散步。
3.当have, has 表示“拥有”时。例如：
I have a lot of books. 我有许多本书。
注意：当have, has 表示“吃饭；开会；玩得痛快”等意思时，可用于进行时态。例如： We are having a good time. 我们玩得很愉快。
4. 表示状态的be动词“是”。例如：
He is at home. 他在家里。
六.现在进行时和一般现在时的区别：
1.时间状语：
（1）一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态，强调的是经常性和习惯性，通常与always, often, sometimes, usually 等频度副词以及in the day, in the morning / afternoon / evening, on Sundays, at weekends 等短语连用。例如：
My father often reads books after dinner. 我父亲经常饭后看书。
（2）现在进行时表示讲话时或目前一段时间内正在发生的事情，通常与now, these days, at this time 等时间状语连用。例如：
He is playing the piano now. 他现在正在弹钢琴。
Look! They are watching TV. 看！他们正在看电视。
2.谓语动词：
（1）一般现在时谓语动词的构成有三种情况：be动词用am, is, are；实意动词用原形或第三人称单数形式；情态动词 + 动词原形。例如：
My brother is a policeman. 我的哥哥是一名警察。（be动词用is）
She doesn’t wear a white uniform.她不穿白色工作服。（实意动词用单数第三人称形式）
He can speak English. 他会说英语。（情态动词 + 动词原形）
（2）现在进行时的谓语动词构成为：be (am, is, are) + v.-ing 。例如：
Are you cleaning the classroom? 你正在打扫教室吗？
She is eating dinner. 她正在吃饭。
现在进行时专练
II. 用括号中动词的适当形式填空：
1. My parents _______（watch）TV now.
2. Look. Three boys _______（run）.
3. What _______ your mother _______（do）
now? 4. _______ your dog _______ now?（sleep）
5. _______ you _______（listen）to music? Yes, I am.
6. Look, Miss Chen _______ football.（play）
7. Tom and his sister _______（wait）for you over there.
8. Now Class 3 and Class 4_______（have）a test.
9. Listen, someone _______（sing）in the classroom.
10. ——Where is Zhang Yan?
——She _______（talk）with her teacher in the teacher’s office.
III. 选择填空：
（）
1. Who ______ over there now? A. singing B. are sing C.
is singing
（）2. It’s nine ten. The students ______ a music class.
A. have
B. having
C. are having
（）
3. Listen! The boy _______. A. crying B. is crying C. cri es
（）4. Don’t talk here. Grandparents ______.
A. sleep
B. is sleeping
C. are sleeping
（）
5. Is the man _______ tea or milk? A. drinks B. drink C.
drinking
IV. 按要求进行句型转换：
1. Look! Lily is dancing.（改为一般疑问句）
________________________________________________
2. Kate is looking for her watch.（改为否定句）
________________________________________________
3. Mrs White is watching TV.（对划线部分提问）
________________________________________________
4. I am doing homework.（改为否定句）
________________________________________________
5. They are waiting for you at the library.（就划线部分提问）
________________________________________________
V. 根据中文提示完成句子：
1. 小花不是在写作业，她在画画。
Xiao Hua ______ ______ homework. She ______ ______ pictures.
2. 今天李老师穿着一件红色的连衣裙。
Miss Li ______ ______ a red dress today.
3. 你爷爷在看报纸吗？
______ your grandpa ______ the newspaper?
4. Tom和Jim在做什么？
______ ______ Tom and Jim ______?
5. 他们是在打篮球还是在打排球？
______ they ______ basketball ______ volleyball?
6. 孩子们在干什么？他们在唱歌、跳舞。
______ ______ the children ______? They ______ ______ and ___ ___.
7. 你喜欢跑步吗？不。
______ you ______ ______? No, ______ ______.
VI. 改错：
1. People like swiming in summer.（）
______________________________________________________
2. He is going to go the park with his mom. （）
______________________________________________________
3. Are you listen to me?（）
______________________________________________________
4. I not writing a letter.（）
______________________________________________________
5. Is she still helping Li Ling?（）
______________________________________________________
语法知识
一.句型 It is + adj. + for sb. (of sb.) to do sth. （对事加以评论 / 对人加以评论）不定式短语作主语时,常用形式主语it来代替,而真正的主语放在句子的谓语后面。例如：It is difficult for you to read through this book a week or so.
对你来说一星期左右看完这本书有困难。
It is useful for you to learn how to use the computer. 学习使用计算机对你有好处。
It was brave of you to go into the burning building to save the child.
你冲入火场救那个孩子，真勇敢。
It’s necessary for us to learn English today. 现在对我们来讲，学英语非常重要。
二.（a）few 和（a）little 的用法
1. (a) few 用在可数名词n..[C]之前，(a) little 用在不可数名词n.[U]之前。例如：
He took a few biscuits. (a few = several) 他拿了几块饼干。
He took few biscuits. (few = not many) 他拿的饼干不多。
He took a little butter. (a little = some) 他拿了点黄油。
He took little butter. (little = not much) 他拿的黄油不多。
2. few 可由hardly any 或almost no 所替代，含否定的意味。例如：
The composition is well written; it has few mistakes. = The composition is well written; it has hardly any mistakes. 这篇作文很好写，几乎没有多少错误。
Few men can solve it. = Almost no men can solve it. 几乎没有人能解决它。
3. a few相当于some, several, 含肯定的意味。例如：
He has a few friends. = He has some friends. = He has several friends. 他有一些朋友。
4. a little 和little之间的差别，就和a few 和few的差别一样，只是(a) little 修饰不
可数名词,表量或程度。例如：
He grows worse; there is little hope of his recovery. 他病情恶化了，恢复的希望很小了。
He is not much better, but there is a little hope. 他病情不是那么好，但是有点希望。
三.其它的数量形容词
1. plenty of, a lot of, lots of 都表示许多，修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词。例如：
The room contained plenty of / a lot of / lots of students. 这个房间容纳了许多学生。（students是复数名词）
The room contained plenty of / a lot of / lots of furniture. 这个房间容纳了许多家具。(furniture 是不可数名词)
2. a great deal of, a good deal of, a large quantity of, a small quantity of, a large
amount of, a small
amount of 均表量，修饰不可数名词。例如：
The room contained a large quantity of furniture. (不可数名词)
The room contained a large amount of furniture. (不可数名词)
The room contained a small quantity of furniture. (不可数名词)
The room contained a small amount of furniture. (不可数名词)
3. a number of “许多；一些”；a great number of, a large number of, a good number of “许多”，修饰复数可数名词，并且要与复数动词连用。例如：
A number of books are missing from the library. 图书馆的许多书丢失了。
The number of books from the library is large. 图书馆的图书数量很大。
[the number of + 复数名词 + 单数(be)动词]
The room contained a great / large / good / number of students. （复数可数名词）这个房间容纳了许多学生。
相关练习题
1. —If there are ________ people driving, there will be ________ air pollution.
—Yes, the air will be fresher.
A. less; less
B. less; fewer
C. fewer; fewer
D. fewer; less
2. —Shall we leave now? —Don’t hurry. We still have ________ time left.
A. little
B. a little
C. few
D. a few
3. —Would you like some milk in your tea? —Yes, please. But just ________.
A. little
B. a little
C. a few
D. few
4. There’s ________ milk at home. We have to buy some this afternoon.
A. a little
B. little
C. a few
D. few
5. —Oh, dear. We have ________ food left. What should we do?
—Don’t worry. I’ll go and buy some.
A. a few
B. a little
C. few
D. little
语法知识
情态动词的基本用法
1. 情态动词can/ could 的用法
表示“能力；许可；可能性”等，在口语中可以代替may表示许可，而may比较正式。could 为can的过去式，可以表示语气较委婉，用于否定句中，表示推测，“不可能”之意。例如：Many people can use the computer now, but we couldn’t ten years ago.
现在许多人能使用电脑，但十年前我们不能。
2. 情态动词would和should的用法
（1）情态动词would是will的过去式，表示的语气比较缓和、委婉。例如：Would you please pass me the salt?
请递给我盐好吗？(表示语气委婉，希望得到对方的肯定回答)
I would like / love to help you. 我愿意帮助你。（表示缓和）
（2）should 表示义务，可用于各种句式，通常指将来。例如：
You should do what your teacher tells you. 你应该照你老师的话办。
He should do some work, but he doesn’t want to. 他应该做些工作，但是他不想做。用于第一人称疑问句，表示征询意见。例如：
Should I open the window? 我可以开窗户吗？
3. may 和might的用法
（1）情态动词may是现在时，might 是may的过去式，表示“许可”或征求对方意见。表示“可以”之意时，用may,它的否定形式是may not , 表示“不可以；禁止；阻止”等意思时，常用must not / mustn’t 代替may not。例如：
You may go home now. 你现在可以回家了。
—May I watch TV after super, Mum？妈妈，晚饭后我可以看电视吗？
—Yes ,you may. / No, you mustn’t. / No, you may not. / No, you’d better not.
是的，你可以。不，你不可以。不，你不可以。不，你最好不。
We may have a lot of work to do. 我们可能有许多工作要做。
（2）might为may的过去式，它表示“可能”时，其含义更不确定。例如：He might be ill. 他也许生病了吧。
My brother might come here soon. 我哥哥也许马上就会来这里。
4. must 的用法
must 表示“必须；应该”，否定式为must not / mustn’t,表示“不应该；不许可；不准；禁止”等。在回答带有must的问句时，否定式常用needn’t / need not 或don’t have to, 表示“不必”，而不用must not / mustn’t。例如：
You mustn’t speak like this. 你不应该这样说话。
—Must I stay here now? 我现在必须呆在这儿吗？
—Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to.
是，你必须。不，不必。不，你不一定要去。
情态动词用法的基本练习
1. —May I take my pet dog with me into the cinema? —The rule says no. So you ________.
A. can
B. mustn’t
C. may
D. needn’t
2. We hope that as many people as possible ________ join us for the charity show tomorrow.
A. need
B. can
C. must
D. should
3. —Must I get up early tomorrow? —No, ________.
A. you mustn’t
B. I don’t think you have to
C. you can’t
D. you need
4. —May I play computer games, mum? —No. You ________ finish your homework first.
A. will
B. can
C. would
D. must
5. —Let’s go to the concert tonight, Michael!
—Sorry, I ________ . I have to help my mother with the housework.
A. mustn’t
B. may not
C. needn’t
D. can’t
6. —Can you finish the work in two days? —Sorry, I ________. My computer doesn’t work.
A. don’t
B. can’t
C. mustn’t
D. needn’t
7. —________ you speak Japanese? —No, I can’t.
A. Can
B. Must
C. May
D. Should
8. If the traffic light is red, you ________ cross the road. It’s very dangerous.
A. don’t
B. mustn’t
C. needn’t
D. wouldn’t
9. —May I use your ruler? —________.
A. Yes, please
B. You are nice
C. It doesn’t matter
D. It was a pleasure
情态动词 should 、ought to
ought to是客观的，should是主观的。ought to表示我不做不行，是责任，虽然可能我不想去做但是还要去做。 should是主观想去做。有点像have to和must的关系。（ought to 是两个可加to的情态动词之一，另一个是used to）。ought to do 语气更强，常用于长辈对小辈的用语，或某规则上的要求。而 should do 可用于平辈朋友间，较为客气与口语化。（一）should的用法：
should 用作情态动词，三种人称单、复数通用，后面跟动词原形。其否定式为：should not (shouldn’t)
1. 表示“义务或责任”，意思是“应该”。例如：
We should keep our promise. 我们应该遵守诺言。
You shouldn’t be so careless. 你不应如此粗心大意。
【注意】should 后面跟：“have + 过去分词”结构，其肯定句表示过去应该做而未做的事，其否定句则表示过去不该做但做了的事情。例如：
You should have started 5 minutes earlier. 你应该早五分钟动身。（却没早动身）
I should have thought of that. 这一点我是应当想到的。（却没想到）
She looks very ill. She should have stayed at home. 她看样子病得很重，本应呆在家里。（却没呆在家里）
You should not have gone back to work without the doctor’s permission.
你不应该未经医生许可就回去工作。（却去工作了）
2. 表示可能性、推测、估计，意思是“可能”、“该”。例如：
She should be home by now, I think. 我想，她现在可能（该）到家了。
It’s two o’clock, the football game should begin soon.
已经是两点钟了，足球比赛不久就该开始了。
3. 表示说话人用委婉、谦虚的语气，提出意见、请求或建议，意思是“可”、“倒是”、“想”等。例如：
I should say it would be better to try it again. 我以为可以再试试。（提出建议）
I should advise you to pay more attention to your health. 我倒是想劝你多注意身体(建议)
I should like to have a talk with you. 我想跟你谈一谈。（请求）
（二）ought to 的用法：
ought 无时态和人称变化，后面跟(带to的）动词不定式，其疑问式为：Ought I / you to...?其否定式为ought not to...
1. 表示有义务必须做某事,意思是“应该”;其语气比should强,带有责备或督促的含义。例如：
You ought to punctual. 你应该守时。
—Ought he to do it at once? —Yes, he ought (to).
—他应该立刻就做吗？—是的，应该立刻就做。
They ought to go tomorrow. 他们应该明天去。
You ought not / oughtn’t to drink too much. 你不应该喝太多酒。
She said such a thing ought not to be allowed to happen.她说,这样的事不应当允许发生。
【注意】ought to 后面跟“have + 过去分词”结构，表示对过去该做而未做之事的责难、后悔或遗憾的心情。例如：
You ought to have helped her. 你本该帮助她的。（却没有帮助她）
He ought to have returned these books to the library last week.
他上星期就应该把这些书还给图书馆。（却没有还书）
I ought not to have done it. 我本不该做这件事。（却做了）
2. 表示非常可能的事，意思是“一定会”、“该……”
We ought to win. 我们一定会赢。
If he started at ten, he ought to be there by time. 假如他十点出发，现在该到那里了。
相关练习题
1. We ________ fight against pollution.
A. may
B. should
C. mustn’t
D. needn’t
2. Thomas, please be quiet. The others ________ hear very well.
A. can’t
B. mustn’t
C. shouldn’t
D. needn’t
用should或ought to 填空：
1. We ________drink about eight cups of water a day.
2. John _________ take a rest after hours of hard work.
3. We ________ keep our home clean and tidy.
4. You ________________(not/tell)lies to your parents.
5. You ________ listen to the doctor's advice if you want to recover soon.
6. Such things ____________ (not) be allowed.
7. I missed the class. I _________ have come earlier.
8. I ________ (not) have made such a foolish mistake.
宾语从句
一、当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：
She said that she would leave the message on the headmaster's desk.
He said that he could finish his work before supper.
二、当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：
Alice wanted to know if/whether her grandmother liked the bag.
I don't know whether he'll come the day after tomorrow.
但直接与or not连用时,往往用whether如：
Let me know whether he will come or not.(= Let me know whether or not he will come )
I don't know whether he does any washing or not.(= I don't know whether or not he
does any washing. )
I wonder whether we stay or whether we go.
三、如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的疑问词引导。如：
Could you tell me where we will have the meeting this afternoon?
I don't know who bought the present for me. Is it Jack?
宾语从句是初中阶段一个非常重要的语法项目。宾语从句也是历年全国各地中考必考项目之一,考查点涉及到"语序"、"时态"、"引导词"三个要素。而宾语从句的时态。语序是中考题的热点。宾语从句热点问题：
①宾语从句一般要用陈述句语序,即主语之后接谓语动词?例如:Can you find out where he lives(不说where does he live)。
②主句谓语动词为一般过去时,则宾语从句通常要用过去的某种时态。不过,若宾语从句所叙述的是客观事实,普遍真理,自然现象等时,要用一般现在时.例如:Our teacher said light travels faster than sound.
③连词that引导由陈述句充当的宾语从句,that在句中不充当任何成分,在口语和非正式文体中常可省略;
④主句谓语是一般现在时,宾语从句可根据需要使用任何时态。例如:Nobody knows where he was born.没有人知道他出生在哪儿。
⑤主句谓语动词是guess, think或believe等,且主句主语是第一人称时,从句的否定概念一般要转移到主句中去,即"否定转移"。例如:I don't think he is a good student. (不说I think he isn't a good student.)我认为他不是个好学生。
⑥不少中考题是将两类从句(宾语从句与状语从句的区别)综合起来考查的。这时要注意:
A.从句式看,宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后,而状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面;
B.从引导词看,if充当宾语从句的引导词时,相当于whether,词义为"是否";充当从属连词,引导条件状语从句时,词义为"如果"。when充当宾语从句的连接词时,词义为"什么时候";充当从属连词,引导时间状语从句时,词义为"当……的时候"。
C.从时态看,if和when作连接词,引导宾语从句时,其谓语动词的时态应根据主句的谓语动词的时态作相应的变化;if和when充当从属连词,引导表示将来动作或状态的条件状语从句或时间状语从句时,若主句中的谓语动词用了一般将来时,则从句中的谓语动词通常用一般现在时表示将来。
例如:1. I don't know if it will rain tomorrow. 2. If it rains, I will not go fishing.
专项精选试题
1 The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them.
A. took
B. take
C. takes
D. will take
2 Catherine said that she ___ to Guangzhou.
A. has never gone
B. had never gone
C. has never been
D. had never been
3 .The students want to know whether they___ dictation today.
A. had
B. has
C. will have
D. are
4 She asked Linda if___ go and get some.
A. could she
B. she could
C. she can
D. she may
5 Linda said the moon___ round the earth.
A. traveled
B. has traveled
C. travels
D. had traveled
6. Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty?
A. who
B. what
C. when
D. that
7. I don't know ___ they have passed the exam.
A. what
B. if
C. when
D. where
8. I hardly understand. ___ he has told me.
A.that
B. what
C. which
D. who
9. She didn't know___ back soon.
A. whether he would be
B. if would he be
C. he will be
10. I don't know _____ he still lives here after so many years.
A. whether B where C. what D. when
11. Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening?
A. what B when C why D how
12. He asked me _____told me the accident.
A whom
B which
C who
D whose
13. They don't know ________ their parents are.
A that
B what
C why
D which
14. Please tell me ______ last year.
A. where does your sister work B where did your sister work
C where your sister works
D where your sister worked
15. She asked me if I knew ______.
A. whose pen is it
B. whose pen it was
C. whose pen it is
D. whose pen was it
16. You must remember ________.
A. what your mother said
B. what did your mother say
C. your mother said what
D. what has your mother said
17. Did you know ____?
A. who he was looking after
B. who was he looking for
C. who he is looking for
D. who he is looking after
18. Could you tell me ___?
A. when will they leave Beijing
B. when would they leave Beijing
C. when they will leave Beijing
D. when did they leave Beijing
19. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeper _____ Who Moved My Cheese was an
interesting book.
A. that
B. how
C. what
D. if
20. —I don't know _____ Mr. Green will come to see us. —He will help us with our English.
A. why
B. when
C. how
D. where
21. —We never know _____ the old man is. —They say he is a teacher.
A. what
B. who
C. which
D. where
22. I was told _____ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers.
A. that how
B. how that
C. when that
D. that when
23. —Do you know _____ ? I'm going to see him. —Sorry, I don't know.
A. where does Mr. Li live
B. where did Mr. Li live
C. where Mr. Li lives
D. where Mr. Li lived
24. —W here do you think _____ he _____ the computer? —Sorry, I have no idea.
A. ／; bought
B. has; bought
C. did; buy
D. does; buy
25. I don't feel very well. Mum asked me _____ this morning.
A. what the matter is
B. what is wrong
C. what the matter was
D. what wrong was
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2015-2016沪教牛津版初中英语八年级上册 全套教学案 Content 第一讲................................................................... .. (2) Unit1 Language points............................................................... .. (2) 第二讲................................................................... .. (9) Grammar-不定代词................................................................... .. (9) 第三讲................................................................... . (13) Unit2 Language points............................................................... . (13) 第四讲................................................................... . (27) Grammar-数词................................................................... .. (27) 第五讲................................................................... . (35) Unit3 Language points............................................................... . (35) 第六讲................................................................... . (46) Grammar-形容词和副词................................................................... . (46) 第七讲...................................................................
牛津沪教版英语六年级上重点知识复习及练习
六年级上重点知识复习及练习 Part 1 单词梳理 1.spend v. 度过 拓展①spend v. 花费s b spend some time / some money (in) doing sth sb spend some time / some money on sth Eg: Lucy spends five hours in doing her homework.. 注：spend-spent-spent ②. cost 花费sth cost sb some money. 某物花费了某人多少钱 ③take 花费It takes sb some time to do sth 做某事花了某人多久时间 2.island n. 岛屿 住在某岛上用live on. Eg: He lives on Chong Ming Island. 3.bay n. 海湾 近义词harbour 海港 4.weekend n. 周末 短语：at weekends 在周末 5.seaside n. 海边 拓展side n. 边 6.lucky adj. 幸运的，好运的 luckily adv. 反义词unlucky; unluckily 7.market n. 市场 supermarket 超市 8. activity n. 活动activities （复） active adj. 活跃的 9．barbecue n. 烧烤 10.sandcastle n. 沙堡 11. collect v.收集 collection n. 收集物（可数） 12. plan v. 计划 短语：plan to do sth. 计划做某事 Eg: I plan to buy a new bag. 13. shall modal v. 将要，好吗（主要对第一人称复数提问） Eg: Shall we go out and play together? 过去式should 14. cost 花费 短语：sth cost sb some money. 某物花费了某人多少钱 Eg: The book costs me ten dollars. 15. trip n. 旅行 短语：a trip/ visit to some place去某地旅游
沪教版小学英语语法及练习上课讲义
第1讲改否定句 【知识点】 1、句子中有am/is/are/can时，直接在后面加not，其他不变，抄下来； 2、句子中没有am/is/are/can时，找到动词，在动词前面加don’t/doesn’t，其 他不变，抄下来。 【练习题】 1、I am Mike. 否定句：____________________________________________________ 2、This is a pen. 否定句：____________________________________________________ 3、You are a boy. 否定句：____________________________________________________ 4、They can swim. 否定句：____________________________________________________ 5、I like apples. 否定句：____________________________________________________ 6、I am Danny. 否定句：____________________________________________________ 7、This is my ruler. 否定句：____________________________________________________ 8、Those are his robots. 否定句：____________________________________________________ 9、You can go to have a look. 否定句：____________________________________________________ 10、I know his name. 否定句：____________________________________________________ 11、I am a student. 否定句：____________________________________________________ 12、It is an apple.
沪教版牛津上海小学六年级上册英语阅读试题含答案解析
沪教版牛津上海小学六年级上册英语阅读试题含答案解析 一、阅读理解 1．阅读理解阅读短文，判断句子对“正确”错“错误”。 I'm a girl from Guangzhou. I have a pen pal. His name is John. He's an Australian boy. He's twelve years old. He studies in Guangzhou now. John is a good student. He studies hard every day. John often cooks breakfast, lunch and dinner by himself. He likes Chinese food very much. He is interested in cooking. And he's good at cooking. （1）John is from Australia. （2）John studies in Australia. （3）John is 20 years old. （4）John likes cooking very much. （5）He doesn't like Chinese food. 【答案】（1）1 （2）0 （3）0 （4）1 （5）0 【解析】【分析】（1）句意：约翰来自于澳大利亚。根据句子His name is John. He's an Australian boy. 可知答案正确，故填：正确。 （2）句意：约翰在澳大利亚学习。根据句子He studies in Guangzhou now. 可知答案错误，故填：错误。 （3）句意：约翰20岁。根据句子He's twelve years old. 可知答案错误，故填：错误。（4）句意：约翰非常喜欢做饭。根据句子He is interested in cooking. 可知答案正确，故填：正确。 （5）句意：约翰不喜欢中国食物。根据句子He likes Chinese food very much. 可知答案错误，故填：错误。 【点评】此题考查阅读判断。先在文章中找到和题干相关的信息，再进行判断分析。2．阅读理解根据短文内容判断下列各句的正误
2017-2018学年沪教牛津版初中英语初二8年级上英语单词(含音标)
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(完整)五年级上册沪教版英语语法
Module 4 The natural world Unit 1 Fire Vocabulary: 禁止吸烟禁止篝火不要在火边玩耍不要玩弄火柴 Sentences: S1: For fire safety, what mustn't we do? S2: We mustn't... We mustn't smoke. We mustn't play with matches. We mustn't play near fires. We mustn't start campfires 【考考你】 For __ safety, what mustn't we do? A. fire B. life C. water 情态动词must 的用法
1. 基本情况 must 和其他情态动词一样，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形，表示某种语气和情态。如： We must work hard at English. 我们应该努力学习英语。 2. 详细用法 a. 在肯定句中，must 表示“必须；应该”的意思，后者一般指在第一人称中。如：I must （我应该），we must （我们应该），其它人称一般表示“必须”的意思。如： You must talk to them about their study. 你必须同他们谈谈关于他们学习的事。 b. 变成否定句，要在must 之后加not，常常缩写成mustn’t，均表示“禁止；不可以；不许可；不允许”等意思。如： Children mustn’t play on the road. It’s very dangerous. 孩子们不允许在路上玩耍，这样非常危险。 You mustn't leave here.你不能离开这儿。 考考你： 1、我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。We __ do everything step by step. A. can B.could C. might D. must 2、禁止在这儿吸烟。We__smoke here. A. can't B. mustn't ---------------------------------------------- Module 4 The natural world Unit 1 Wind
沪版牛津英语六年级上知识点整理
Module 1 Family and friends Unit 1 Family and relatives 1.family and relatives 家庭和亲戚 2. a family tree 一个家谱 3.grandsons and granddaughters 孙子和孙女们/外孙和外孙女们 4.get a lot of presents 得到许多礼物 5.Happy Birthday (to sb.) ! 生日快乐！ 6.get a birthday card from sb. 从某人那儿得到一张生日卡 7.one of my family members 我的家庭成员之一 8.only have one aunt 仅仅有一个阿姨 9.my classmates 我的同班同学 10.go shopping 去购物 11.what else 其他什么 12.play badminton 打羽毛球 13.go cycling 去骑自行车 14.go swimming 去游泳 15.two cousins 两个堂/表兄弟/妹 16.how many + 名词复数多少…… 语言点 1. This is my grandfather.这是我的（外）祖父。 These are my family and relatives.这些是我的家人和亲戚。 注意句中各成分保持单复数同形。 2. I?m their son.. 我是他们的儿子。 We?re their sons.我们是他们的儿子。 3. How many uncles do you have?你有多少个叔叔？ How many后面接可数名词的复数形式。 4. What do you do with your…?你和你的…干什么？ 5. What else do you do with your…?你和你的…还干什么？ 6. What else do you do with your…?你和你的…还干什么？With是个介词，后面接人称代词时，要用宾格的形式。With me/him/her/it/us /them 7. always/sometimes/usually是频度副词，提问应该要用How often…?
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意义；意思手势 (书面或口头的)信息；消息(对某人/某物)厌倦的；烦闷的兼职的 衣着入时的；穿着讲究的女士；女子叹气；叹息(询问某人的情况)怎么了表情；神色 外貌；外表印象向；朝；对着 以后；后来提醒；使想起颈；脖子 使交叉；使交叠点头 (与某人)握手；摇头确信；肯定 （短语） 身势语；肢体语言发生坐起来；坐直 给….留下好印象提醒某人某事 Unit3 （单词） 说明；形容描述；形容渔民网的 虽然；尽管健壮的；健康的鸬鹚 下潜准备好到达；抵达吸引；更喜欢悬挂；吊柱；桩；杆需要；依靠从事 用具；器具剪刀图案 文字；符号；人物；角色健康幸运 婚礼；结婚庆典生面团粗糙的 大小简单的有吸引力的；迷人的
剪纸 (某数量、程度等)；至多有出发；动身起伏；上下波动天黑后；黄昏后 不再；再也不 (在某段时间内)一直；始终 Unit4 （单词） 动画片；卡通片警告；警示角色扮演符号泡；气泡心思；思想粗糙的速写；概述程序录制；录(音) 效果基本的；基础的段；步；步骤 友好的；和善的；文雅的详细的；细致的 显得；看来；似乎演员与….相配 单独地；分别地播放得分 队明星；体坛高手神秘岛 暴风雨夹克衫；短上衣海浪；波涛；波浪 （短语） 连环漫画 (眼睛)(因激动、惊奇)张大；睁大；瞪起决定；选定摄影机同….比赛 天气预报救生衣谢天谢地
2017-2018年沪教牛津版八年级英语下册期末试卷含答案
期末检测题 (时间：60分钟；满分：100分) 一、听力部分(满分20分) (一)听句子，选出句子中所包含的信息。每个句子读一遍。 1. A. family B. future C. favorite 2. A. book B. job C. cook 3. A. hotel B. home C. tell 4. A. different B. difficult C. delicious 5. A. animals B. elephants C. whales (二)听句子，选择适当答语。每个句子读两遍。 6. A. He is fine. B. He is seventy. C. He is short. 7. A. His favorite food is pizza. B. He likes all of us. C. He is tall and fat. 8. A. I have already eaten. B. Good idea. C. What a beautiful park! 9. A. I’m sorry to hear that. B. Wow! A blue bike. C. That sounds beautiful. 10. A. It’s three-thirty. B. It’s Friday. C. It’s June 14th. (三)听对话，根据问题选出正确答案。每段对话读两遍。 11. What’s wrong with the girl? A. She has a cold. B. She wants to eat something. C. She has a headache. 12. Why does the man want to go to Green Restaurant? A. Because the music there is loud. B. Because it’s the cheapest. C. Because it’s the nearest. 13. Where did Tim go last week? A. To a flower show. B. To a talent show. C. To a magic show. 14. What is Tom eating? A. A pear. B. An apple. C. A banana. 15. Where does the woman’s grandmother live? A. In Paris. B. In London. C. In Macao. (四)听短文，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。短文读两遍。 16. Where was I playing football with my classmates? A. On the playground. B. On the street. C. In the garden. 17. Who took me to the hospital at once? A. My parents. B. My classmates. C. The policemen. 18. During my stay in bed, some of my classmates ________. A. sent me some flowers B. called me every day C. helped me with my lessons 19. Did I pass all the exams? A. Yes, I did. B. No, I didn’t. C. We don’t know. 20. What will I do my best to do? A. I will give all my love to my family. B. I will give all my love to others.
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