Rip_Van_Winkle_原文

作者简介：

华盛顿欧文(Washington Irving ) (1789-1895),美国浪漫主义作家，也是一个纯文学作家，他的写作态度是"writing for pleasure and to produce pleasure" 。欧文的代表作有《见闻札记》

(Sketch Book)，这是第一部伟大的青少年读物，也是美国本土作家第一部成功的小说。由于欧文对美国文学的伟大贡献，他获得了“美国文学之父”的光荣称号。这篇短篇小说，《瑞普凡温克尔》便是摘自《见闻札记》。

Rip Van Winkle

A Posthumous Writing of Diedrich Knickerbocker

By Washington Irving

(T HE FOLLOWING tale was found among the papers of the late Diedrich Knickerbocker, an old gentleman of New York, who was very curious in the Dutch history of the province, and the manners of the descendants from its primitive settlers. His historical researches, however, did not lie so much among books as among men; for the former are lamentably scanty on his favorite topics; whereas he found the old burghers, and still more their wives, rich in that legendary lore so invaluable to true history. Whenever, therefore, he happened upon a genuine Dutch family, snugly shut up in its low-roofed farmhouse, under a spreading sycamore, he looked upon it as a little clasped volume of black-letter, and studied it with the zeal of a bookworm.

The result of all these researches wasa history of the province during the reign of the Dutch governors, which he published some years since. There have been various opinions as to the literary character of his work, and, to tell the truth, it is not a whit better than it should be. Its chief merit is its scrupulous accuracy, which indeed was a little questioned on its first appearance, but has since been completely established; and it is how admitted into all historical collections as a book of unquestionable authority.

The old gentleman died shortly after the publication of his work, and now that he is dead and gone it cannot do much harm to his memory to say that his time might have been much better employed in weightier labors. He, however, was apt to ride his hobby in his own way; and though it did now and then kick up the dust a little in the eyes of his neighbors and grieve the spirit of some friends, for whom he felt the truest deference and affection, yet his errors and follies are remembered“more in sorrow than in anger ”; and it begins to be suspected that he never intended to injure or offend. But however his memory may be appreciated by critics, it is still held dear among many folk whose good opinion is well worth having; particularly by certain biscuit bakers, who have gone so far as to imprint his likeness on their New Year cakes, and have thus given him a chance for immortality almost equal to the being stamped on a Waterloo

medal or a Queen Anne 's farth ing.)

By Woden, God of Saxons, From whence comes Wensday, that is

Wodensday, Truth is a thing that ever I will keep Unto thylke day in

which I creep into My sepulchre —

C ARTWRIGHT.

Whoever has made a voyage up the Hudson must remember the Catskill Mountains. They are a dismembered branch of the great Appalachian family, and are seen away to the west of the river, swelling up to a noble height, and lording it over the surrounding country. Every change of season, every change of weather, indeed, every hour of the day, produces some change in the magical hues and shapes of these mountains, and they are regarded by all the good wives, far and near, as perfect barometers. When the weather is fair and settled, they are clothed in blue and purple, and print their bold outlines on the clear evening sky; but sometimes, whenthe rest of the landscape is cloudless, they will gather a hood of gray vapors about their summits, which, in the last rays of the setting sun, will glow and light up like a crown of glory.

At the foot of these fairy mountains the voyager may have descried the light smoke curling up from a village whose shingle roofs gleam among the trees, just where the blue tints of the upland melt away into the fresh green of the nearer landscape. It is a little village of great antiquity, having been founded by some of the Dutch colonists, in the early times of the province, just about the beginning of the government of the good Peter Stuyvesant (may he rest in peace!), and there were someof the houses of the original settlers standing within a few years, with lattice windows, gable fronts surmounted with weathercocks, and built of small yellow bricks brought from Holland.

In that samevillage, and in one of these very houses (which, to tell the precise truth, was sadly time-worn and weather-beaten), there lived many years since, while the country was yet a province of Great Britain, a simple, good-natured fellow, of the name of Rip Van Winkle. He was a descendant of the Van Winkles who figured so gallantly in the chivalrous days of Peter Stuyvesant, and accompanied him to the siege of Fort Christina. He inherited, however, but little of the martial character of his ancestors. I have observed that he was a simple, good-natured man; he was, moreover, a kind neighbor and an obedient, henpecked husband. Indeed, to the latter circumstance might be owing that meeknessof spirit which gained him such universal popularity; for those men are most apt to be obsequious and conciliating abroad who are under the discipline of shrews at home. Their tempers, doubtless, are rendered pliant and malleable in the fiery furnace of domestic tribulation, and a curtain lecture is worth all the sermons in the world for teaching the virtues

of patience and long-suffering. A termagant wife may, therefore, in some respects, be considered a tolerable blessing; and if so, Rip Van Winkle was thrice blessed.

Certain it is that he was a great favorite among all the good wives of the village, who, as usual with the amiable sex, took his part in all family squabbles, and never failed, whenever they talked those matters over in their evening gossipings, to lay all the blame on DameVan Winkle. The children of the village, too, would shout with joy whenever he approached. He assisted at their sports, made their playthings, taught them to fly kites and shoot marbles, and told them long stories of ghosts, witches, and Indians. Whenever he went dodging about the village, he was surrounded by a troop of them, hanging on his skirts, clambering on his back, and playing a thousand tricks on him with impunity; and not a dog would bark at him throughout the neighborhood.

The great error in Rip's composition was an insuperable aversion to all kinds of

profitable labor. It could not be from the want of assiduity or perseverance; for he would sit on a wet rock, with a rod as long and heavy as a Tartar 's lance, and fish all day without a murmur, even though he should not be encouraged by a single nibble. He would carry a fowling piece on his shoulder, for hours together, trudging through woods and swamps,and up hill and downdale, to shoot a few squirrels or wild pigeons. He would never even refuse to assist a neighbor in the roughest toil, and was a foremost man at all country frolics for husking Indian corn, or building stone fences. The women of the village, too, used to employ him to run their errands, and to do such little odd jobs as their less obliging husbands would not do for them; in a word, Rip was ready to attend to anybody's business but his own; but as to doing family duty, and keeping his farm in order, it was impossible.

In fact, he declared it was of no use to work on his farm; it was the most pestilent little piece of ground in the whole country; everything about it went wrong, and would go wrong, in spite of him. His fences were continually falling to pieces; his cow would either go astray or get among the cabbages; weeds were sure to grow quicker in his fields than anywhere else; the rain always madea point of setting in just as he had someoutdoor work to do; so that though his patrimonial estate had dwindled away under his management, acre by acre, until there was little more left than a mere patch of Indian corn and potatoes, yet it was the worst-conditioned farm in the neighborhood.

His children, too, were as ragged and wild as if they belonged to nobody. His son Rip, an urchin begotten in his own likeness, promised to inherit the habits, with the old clothes of his father. He was generally

seen trooping like a colt at his mother 's heels, equipped in a pair of

his father ' s cast -off galligaskins, which he had muchado to hold up with one hand, as a fine lady does her train in bad weather.

Rip Van Winkle, however, was one of those happy mortals, of foolish, well-oiled dispositions, whotake the world easy, eat white bread or brown, whichever can be got with least thought or trouble, and would rather starve on a penny than work for a pound. If left to himself, he would have whistled life away, in perfect contentment; but his wife kept continually dinning in his ears about his idleness, his carelessness, and the ruin he was bringing on his family. Morning, noon, and night, her tongue was incessantly going, and everything he said or did was sure to produce a torrent of household eloquence. Rip had but one way of replying to all lectures of the kind, and that, by frequent use, had grown into a habit. He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said nothing. This, however, always provoked a fresh volley from his wife, so that he was fain to draw off his forces, and take to the outside of the house—the only side which, in truth, belongs to a henpecked husband. Rip's sole domestic adherent was his dog Wolf, who was as much henpecked as his master; for DameVan Winkle regarded them as companions in idleness, and even looked upon Wolf with an evil eye, as the cause of his master 's so often going astray. True it is, in all points of spirit befitting an honorable dog, he was as courageous an animal as ever scoured the woods—but what courage can withstand the ever-during and all-besetting terrors of a woman' s tongue? The momentWolf entered the house

his crest fell, his tail drooped to the ground, or curled between his legs; he sneaked about with a gallows air, casting many a sidelong glance at Dame Van Winkle, and at the least flourish of a broomstick or ladle would fly to the door with yelping precipitation.

Times grew worse and worse with Rip Van Winkle as years of matrimony rolled on; a tart temper never mellows with age, and a sharp tongue is the only edged tool that grows keener by constant use. For a long while he used to console himself, when driven from home, by frequenting a kind of perpetual club of the sages, philosophers, and other idle personages of the village, which held its sessions on a bench before a small inn, designated by a rubicund portrait of his majesty George the Third. Here they used to sit in the shade, of a long lazy summer 's day, talking listlessly over village gossip, or telling endless sleepy stories about nothing. But it would have been worth any statesman 's moneyto have heard the profound discussions which sometimes took place, when by chance an old newspaper fell into their hands, from some passing traveler. How solemnly they would listen to the contents, as drawled out by Derrick Van Bummel, the schoolmaster, a dapper, learned little man, who was not to be daunted by the most gigantic word in the dictionary; and how sagely they would deliberate upon public events somemonths after they had taken place.

The opinions of this junto were completely controlled by Nicholas Vedder, a patriarch of the village, and landlord of the inn, at the door

of which he took his seat from morning till night, just moving sufficiently to avoid the sun, and keep in the shade of a large tree; so that the neighbors could tell the hour by his movements as accurately as by a sun-dial. It is true, he was rarely heard to speak, but smoked his pipe incessantly. His adherents, however (for every great man has his adherents), perfectly understood him, and knew howto gather his opinions. When anything that was read or related displeased him, he was observed to smoke his pipe vehemently, and send forth short, frequent, and angry puffs; but when pleased, he would inhale the smoke slowly and tranquilly, and emit it in light and placid clouds, and sometimes taking the pipe from his mouth, and letting the fragrant vapor curl about his nose, would gravely nod his head in token of perfect approbation.

From even this stronghold the unlucky Rip was at length routed by his termagant wife, who would suddenly break in upon the tranquillity of the assemblage, and call the members all to nought; nor was that august personage, Nicholas Vedder himself, sacred from the daring tongue of this terrible virago, who charged him outright with encouraging her husband in habits of idleness.

Poor Rip was at last reduced almost to despair; and his only alternative, to escape from the labor of the farm and clamor of his wife, was to take gun in hand and stroll away into the woods. Here he would sometimes seat himself at the foot of a tree, and share the contents of his wallet with Wolf, with whom he sympathized as a fellow-sufferer in persecution. “Poor Wolf, ” he would say, “thy mistress leads thee a dog's life of it; but never mind, my lad, while I live thou shalt never

want a friend to stand by thee! ” Wolf would wag his tail, look wistfully in his master 's face, and if dogs can feel pity, I verily believe he reciprocated the sentiment with all

his heart.

In a long ramble of the kind on a fine autumnal day, Rip had unconsciously scrambled to one of the highest parts of the Catskill Mountains. He was after his favorite sport of squirrel shooting, and the still solitudes had echoed and re?choed with the reports of his gun. Panting and fatigued, he threw himself, late in the afternoon, on a green knoll, covered with mountain herbage, that crowned the brow of a precipice. From an opening between the trees he could overlook all the lower country for manya mile of rich woodland. He saw at a distance the lordly Hudson, far, far below him, moving on its silent but majestic course, the reflection of a purple cloud, or the sail of a lagging bark, here and there sleeping on its glassy bosom, and at last losing itself in the blue highlands.

On the other side he looked down into a deep mountain glen, wild, lonely, and shagged, the bottom filled with fragments from the impending cliffs, and scarcely lighted by the reflected rays of the setting sun.

For sometime Rip lay musing on this scene; evening was gradually advancing; the mountains began to throw their long blue shadows over the valleys; he saw that it would be dark long before he could reach the village, and he heaved a heavy sigh when he thought of encountering the terrors of Dame Van Winkle.

As he was about to descend, he heard a voice from a distance, hallooing, “Rip Van Winkle! Rip Van Winkle! ” Helooked around, but could see nothing but a crow winging its solitary flight across the mountain. He thought his fancy must have deceived him, and turned again to descend, when he heard the same cry ring through the still evening air: “Rip Van Winkle! Rip Van Winkle! ”—at the same time Wolf bristled up his back, and giving a low growl, skulked to his master 's side, looking fearfully down into

the glen. Rip now felt a vague apprehension stealing over him; he looked anxiously in the same direction, and perceived a strange figure slowly toiling up the rocks, and bending under the weight of something he carried on his back. He was surprised to see any human being in this lonely and unfrequented place, but supposing it to be some one of the neighborhood in need of assistance, he hastened down to yield it.

On nearer approach, he was still more surprised at the singularity of the stranger 's appearance. He was a short, square-built old fellow, with thick bushy hair, and a grizzled beard. His dress was of the antique Dutch fashion —a cloth jerkin strapped around the waist —several pair of breeches, the outer one of ample volume, decorated with rows of buttons downthe sides, and bunches at the knees. He bore on his shoulders a stout keg, that seemed full of liquor, and made signs for Rip to approach and assist him with the load. Though rather shy and distrustful of this new acquaintance, Rip complied with his usual alacrity, and mutually relieving one another, they clambered up a narrow gully, apparently the dry bed of a mountain torrent. As they ascended, Rip every now and then heard long rolling peals, like distant thunder, that seemedto issue out of a deep ravine, or rather cleft between lofty rocks, toward which their rugged path conducted. He paused for an instant, but supposing it to be

the muttering of one of those transient thunder showers which often take place in mountain heights, he proceeded. Passing through the ravine, they cameto a hollow, like a small amphitheater, surrounded by perpendicular precipices, over the brinks of which impending trees shot their branches, so that you only caught glimpses of the azure sky and the bright evening cloud. During the whole time, Rip and his companion had labored on in silence; for though the former marveled greatly what could be the object of carrying a keg of liquor up this wild mountain, yet there was something strange and incomprehensible about the unknown that inspired awe and checked familiarity.

On entering the amphitheater, new objects of wonder presented themselves. On a level spot in the center was a company of odd-looking personages playing at ninepins. They were dressed in a quaint, outlandish

fashion: some wore short doublets, others jerkins, with long knives in their belts, and most had enormous breeches, of similar style with that of the guide 's. Their visages, too, were peculiar: one had a large head, broad face, and small, piggish eyes; the face of another seemedto consist entirely of nose, and was surmounted by a white sugar-loaf hat set off with a little red cock 's tail. They all had beards, of various shapes

and colors. There was one who seemed to be the commander. He was a stout old gentleman, with a weather-beaten countenance; he wore a laced doublet, broad belt and hanger, high-crowned hat and feather, red stockings, and high-heeled shoes, with roses in them. The whole group reminded Rip of the figures in an old Flemish painting, in the parlor of Dominie Van Schaick, the village parson, and which had been brought over from Holland at the time of the settlement.

What seemedparticularly odd to Rip, was that though these folks were evidently amusing themselves, yet they maintained the gravest faces, the most mysterious silence, and were, withal, the most melancholy party of pleasure he had ever witnessed. Nothing interrupted the stillness of the scene but the noise of the balls, which, whenever they were rolled, echoed along the mountains like rumbling peals of thunder.

As Rip and his companion approached them, they suddenly desisted from their play, and stared at him with such fixed statue-like gaze, and such

strange, uncouth, lack-luster countenances, that his heart turned within him, and his knees smote together. His companion now emptied the contents of the keg into large flagons, and made signs to him to wait upon the company. He obeyed with fear and trembling; they quaffed the liquor in profound silence, and then returned to their game.

By degrees, Rip's aweand apprehension subsided. He even ventured, when no eye was fixed upon him, to taste the beverage, which he found had much of the flavor of excellent Hollands. He was naturally a thirsty soul, and was soon tempted to repeat the draught. One taste provoked another, and he reiterated his visits to the flagon so often, that at length his senses were overpowered, his eyes swamin his head, his head gradually declined, and he fell into a deep sleep.

On awaking, he found himself on the green knoll from whence he had first seen the old man of the glen. He rubbed his eyes —it was a bright

sunny morning. The birds were hopping and twittering among the bushes, and the eagle was wheeling aloft and breasting the pure mountain breeze. “Surely, ” thought Rip, “I have not slept here all night. ” He recalled the occurrences before he fell asleep. The strange man with a keg of liquor —the mountain ravine —the wild retreat among the rocks —the woe-begone party at ninepins —the flagon —“Oh! that flagon! that wicked flagon! ” thought Rip —“ what excuse shall I make to Dame Van Winkle? ”He looked round for his gun, but in place of the clean, well-oiled fowling piece, he found an old firelock lying by him, the barrel incrusted with

rust, the lock falling off, and the stock worm-eaten. He now suspected that the grave roysters of the mountain had put a trick upon him, and having dosed him with liquor, had robbed him of his gun. Wolf, too, had disappeared, but he might have strayed away after a squirrel or partridge. He whistled after him, shouted his name, but all in vain; the echoes repeated his whistle and shout, but no dog was to be seen.

He determined to revisit the scene of the last evening 's gambol, and if he met with any of the party, to demand his dog and gun. As he rose to walk, he found himself stiff in the joints, and wanting in his usual activity. “These mountain beds do not agree with me,” thought Rip, “and if this frolic should lay meup with a fit of the rheumatism, I shall have a blessed time with D ame Van Winkle. ” With some difficulty he got down into the glen; he found the gully up which he and his companion had ascended the preceding evening; but to his astonishment a mountain stream was now foaming down it, leaping from rock to rock, and filling the glen with babbling murmurs. He, however, made shift to scramble up its sides, working his toilsome way through thickets of birch, sassafras, and witch-hazel, and sometimes tripped up or entangled by the wild grape vines that twisted their coils and tendrils from tree to tree, and spread a kind of network in his path.

At length he reached to where the ravine had opened through the cliffs to the amphitheater; but no traces of such opening remained. The rocks presented a high, impenetrable wall, over which the torrent cametumbling in a sheet of feathery foam, and fell into a broad, deep basin, black from the shadows of the surrounding forest. Here, then, poor Rip was brought to a stand. Heagain called and whistled after his dog; he was only answered by the cawing of a flock of idle crows, sporting high in air about a dry tree that overhung a sunny precipice; and who, secure in their elevation, seemed to look down and scoff at the poor man 's perplexities. What was

to be done? the morning was passing away, and Rip felt famished for want of his breakfast. He grieved to give up his dog and gun; he dreaded to meet his wife; but it would not do to starve amongthe mountains. He shook his head, shouldered the rusty firelock, and, with a heart full of trouble and anxiety, turned his steps homeward.

As he approached the village, he met a number of people, but none whom he knew, which somewhat surprised him, for he had thought himself acquainted with every one in the country round. Their dress, too, was of a different fashion from that to which he was accustomed. They all stared at him with equal marks of surprise, and whenever they cast their eyes upon him, invariably stroked their chins. The constant recurrence of this gesture induced Rip, involuntarily, to do the same, when, to his

Rip Van Winkle

Rip Van Winkle” is the quintessential American fairy tale. It gives a very young nation a culture and history equal to Europe’s and is Irving’s way of thumbing his nose at a Europe that saw America as an upstart with no real traditions to make it great. Finally, Irving uses it to take a shot at what he saw was a Europe that was long on talk but short on action. The story is essentially a German folktale transplanted to New York. There are many similarities between “Rip Van Winkle” and traditional German folklore. German folklore is replete with stories of mysterious little men (usually in a forest) who waylay and trouble innocent mortals. Irving has transformed Rumplestilskin into Henry Hudson. Irving mimics the tendency that traditional folktales have for aphorisms to creep into the narrative. He tells the reader that “a sharp tongue is the only edged tool that grows keener from use,” directly echoing the same aphorism in Grimms’ “The Three Wishes” (“a sharp tongue never grows dull”). There is als o the cautionary aspect of folk tales inherent in “Rip Van Winkle.” Dame Van Winkle is a

Rip_Van_Winkle_原文

作者简介： 华盛顿欧文(Washington Irving ) (1789-1895),美国浪漫主义作家，也是一个纯文学作家，他的写作态度是"writing for pleasure and to produce pleasure" 。欧文的代表作有《见闻札记》 (Sketch Book)，这是第一部伟大的青少年读物，也是美国本土作家第一部成功的小说。由于欧文对美国文学的伟大贡献，他获得了“美国文学之父”的光荣称号。这篇短篇小说，《瑞普凡温克尔》便是摘自《见闻札记》。 Rip Van Winkle A Posthumous Writing of Diedrich Knickerbocker By Washington Irving (T HE FOLLOWING tale was found among the papers of the late Diedrich Knickerbocker, an old gentleman of New York, who was very curious in the Dutch history of the province, and the manners of the descendants from its primitive settlers. His historical researches, however, did not lie so much among books as among men; for the former are lamentably scanty on his favorite topics; whereas he found the old burghers, and still more their wives, rich in that legendary lore so invaluable to true history. Whenever, therefore, he happened upon a genuine Dutch family, snugly shut up in its low-roofed farmhouse, under a spreading sycamore, he looked upon it as a little clasped volume of black-letter, and studied it with the zeal of a bookworm. The result of all these researches wasa history of the province during the reign of the Dutch governors, which he published some years since. There have been various opinions as to the literary character of his work, and, to tell the truth, it is not a whit better than it should be. Its chief merit is its scrupulous accuracy, which indeed was a little questioned on its first appearance, but has since been completely established; and it is how admitted into all historical collections as a book of unquestionable authority. The old gentleman died shortly after the publication of his work, and now that he is dead and gone it cannot do much harm to his memory to say that his time might have been much better employed in weightier labors. He, however, was apt to ride his hobby in his own way; and though it did now and then kick up the dust a little in the eyes of his neighbors and grieve the spirit of some friends, for whom he felt the truest deference and affection, yet his errors and follies are remembered“more in sorrow than in anger ”; and it begins to be suspected that he never intended to injure or offend. But however his memory may be appreciated by critics, it is still held dear among many folk whose good opinion is well worth having; particularly by certain biscuit bakers, who have gone so far as to imprint his likeness on their New Year cakes, and have thus given him a chance for immortality almost equal to the being stamped on a Waterloo medal or a Queen Anne 's farth ing.) By Woden, God of Saxons, From whence comes Wensday, that is Wodensday, Truth is a thing that ever I will keep Unto thylke day in which I creep into My sepulchre —

RipVanWinkle译文

瑞普-凡-温克尔 卡兹吉尔出脉位于纽约州哈得逊河西边，山峰高耸人云，俯瞰着四周的山村。季节更替，阴晴转换，甚至旦夕间的时辰变幻，都会引来山容峰色午姿百态。所以山区周围的村民只要观看卡兹吉尔山脉就能猜出天气的变化。就在这些山脉下面，航行者可以看见缕缕青烟从一个古老的荷兰小山村袅袅升起。瑞普-凡-温克尔就在这个村里。许多年前，他就住在这里，那时这个国家还发球英国。瑞普-凡-温克尔是一个朴素单纯，性格温和的家伙。在荷兰决督统治时期，他的祖先曾英勇地与英国人战斗过。然而，瑞普的血液里没有多少祖先的军人性格。我已经说了，他是一个朴素单纯，性格温和的家伙。此外他还是一个善良的邻居，也是一个在老婆面前唯唯诺诺的丈夫。由于在家里被老婆管得太严所以他似乎养成了处处与人为善的习惯。因此，除了他老婆外，大这都对他评价很高。当然，他在村子里所有的良家妇女中很受欢迎。每当她们知道了凡-温克尔家吵架，她们总是认定瑞普是对的，而凡-温克尔夫人是错的。孩子们也一样，瑞普-凡-温克尔一来，他们总是欢叫起来。他总是望着他们玩耍，为他们做玩具，教他们怎么玩各种游戏，还给他们讲最精彩的故事。不管他去哪儿，他的四周常常围着一群孩子。村子里没有哪条狗对他狂吠过。瑞普-凡-温克尔有一个缺点：什么赚钱的活儿他都不喜欢，甚至是憎恨。很难理解究竟是什么原因让他不爱劳动。可他从不拒绝帮助邻居，哪怕是干最粗的活儿，比如帮人家砌石墙。村里的妇女也常使唤他，让他传信，或做一些她们的丈夫不愿意做的小活计。换言之，除了自各儿的事情外，别人家的事瑞普都乐意管。至少家庭责任，收拾农场，他觉得这样的活儿绝对做不来。事实上，他宣称在他农场上折腾毫无用处，因为那是整个那一带最差的小块地，一无是处。结果由于他经营不善，失去不少土地，他的小农场比他周围的农场更差了。他的孩子也到处游荡，他们的可怜样和他的农场一样。他的儿子小瑞普，和他很像，整天四处晃荡。他穿着一条他父亲的旧裤子，不得不用一只手提着，免得掉了下来。然而，瑞普-凡-温克尔是那种有福分的人。他一副傻样，与世无争，待人接物从容快乐；他吃好吃差无所谓，只要得来全不费工夫。如果由着他的性子，他会非常心安理得地虚度一生。可是他老婆在他耳朵边不停地数落他，说他游手好闲，对家庭漠不关心，这个家快给他毁了。从早到晚，她唠叨个没完。他说的每句话，做的每件事，定公招徕她一顿臭骂。瑞普对付他那长舌老婆，倒是有个办法，这个办法用多了。已经成了一个习惯。他只是把头耷拉在肩膀上，眼望天空，一言不发。然而，这又引来老婆的一阵发火。这么一来，瑞普无事可做，只有离开家。在家里，瑞普唯一的朋友就是他的狗，名叫沃尔夫。沃尔夫常常是凡-温克尔太太的出气筒，因为她把他们看做是游手好闲的难兄难弟，有时她甚至指责说：瑞普之所以吊儿郎当都是这条狗的错。不错，沃外交活动夫在树林里像条狗，很勇敢，可是再勇敢的狗也经不住一个长舌妇的数落。每当沃尔夫走进家门，他总是耷拉着脑袋，尾巴垂掉在地上或夹在两腿间。他在屋里溜达，一脸心虚的样子，时刻从眼角观察着凡-温克尔太太，一看到她有一丝不快的迹象，便拨腿开溜。瑞普-凡-温克尔结婚后，随着岁月的推移，他的麻烦也越来越多。有很长一段时间，当凡-温克尔太太的唠叨迫使他出门时，他总是和其他闲人坐在一块儿安慰自己。他和这些闲人常坐在村里的小酒馆前面，酒馆的名字就是因英王乔治三世下的肖像而起的。在漫长的夏天里，他们常常坐在树要荫下，没完没了地讲述那些让人打盹的无聊故事。有时候，他们中有

Rip Van Winkle 评论

A Brief Comment on Rip V an Winkle Rip Van Winkle is a short story by American writer Washington Irving, as well as the name of the story's main character. It is part of a collection of stories called The Sketch Book. There is no doubt that rip van winkle is an interesting and attractive story. One day, Rip van winkle went to mountain with his dog named wolf. On the way home, he heard someone calling his name. Then he downed to glen and met a strange person. Rip helped him and went to a palace with him. Rip drank with those folks in the palace and fell asleep. The next morning, he lied in the glen with sand. When rip went back to his village, the strange circumstance and people amazed him. After talking with those folks, he got that his friends and wife all died, and times have gone 20 years since he left his home. I like to read the story because of the fate of the main character and the description of person. The fate of the main character is so pathetic. Rip was henpecked and whatever he did, his wife always blamed him and babbled. It is so horrible. Imagine if a man marry with a woman who is so naggish every day like a bird. It cannot be tolerant as a man. Then, he only drank a little, and was a drink. When he awaked up, it was after 20 years. It is so scared and pathetic. The description of person is very vivid and visual. Author described

rip van winkle中自然描写的作用

The Functions of Nature 王雯In Rip Van Winkle, there are many descriptions about nature. And,it’s obvious that the writer paid much attention to them. In my personal view, nature has three functions in this novel. Firstly, descriptions of nature is necessary for setting the scene. Rip Van Winkle is an imaginative novel,writer uses dreamlike environment description and the people’s fancy experience to create atmosphere. Most of natural environment described in this novel is so beautiful that give people the sense of unreality. Secondly, descriptions of nature express the writer’s preference of nature. The writer himself loves nature in his real life. That makes him use flowery language and fertile imagination to present the expected nature in his heart. And one of the literary characteristics of Romanticism is they have a presumption that the natural world was a source of goodness and man’s society a source of corruption. They want to go back to nature and enjoy the leisure time. Puritan life style are no longer that popular among Americans,they begin to pursue what they really want. Nature is just a sample of what they are seeking. Thirdly, descriptions of nature convey the main idea of the novel--the desire for an escape from society. In this novel,Rip Van Winkle want to escape from his wife who rattles all the time and escape from his family

Ripvanwinkle中英对照

Rip van winkle, however, was one of those happy mortals, of foolish, well-oiled dispositions, who take the world easy, eat white bread or brown, whichever can be got with least thought or trouble, and would rather starve on a penny than work for a pond. If left to himself, he would have whistled life away in perfect contentment; but his wife kept continually dinning in his ears about his idleness, his carelessness, and the ruin he was bringing on his family. Morning, noon, and night, his tongue was incessantly going, and every thing he said or did was sure to produce a torrent of household eloquence. Rip had but one way of replying all lectures of the kind, and that, by frequent use, had grown into a habit. He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said nothing. This, however, always provoked a fresh volley from his wife, so that he was fain to draw off his forces, and take to the outside of the house——the only side which, in truth, belongs to a hen-pecked husband. 瑞普.凡.温克尔，一个凡夫俗子，为人乐观，品行憨厚，天生圆滑，与世无争，只要不劳他思索，不费其吹灰之力,粗茶淡饭便可打发他，他宁可缺少一个便士而挨饿，也不愿为挣一英镑而工作。如果依着他的想法，他便会自鸣得意地吹着口哨，以此虚度光阴，但他妻子总会在他耳边唠叨他的好逸恶劳、粗心大意和他给家庭造成的伤害。无论早晨、中午、晚上，他总会滔滔不绝，而他所说或所做

Rip_Van_Winkle_原文

作者简介： 华盛顿·欧文（Washington Irving）（1789-1895）, 美国浪漫主义作家，也是一个纯文学作家，他的写作态度是"writing for pleasure and to produce pleasure"。欧文的代表作有《见闻札记》（Sketch Book），这是第一部伟大的青少年读物，也是美国本土作家第一部成功的小说。由于欧文对美国文学的伟大贡献，他获得了“美国文学之父”的光荣称号。这篇短篇小说，《瑞普·凡·温克尔》便是摘自《见闻札记》。 Rip Van Winkle A Posthumous Writing of Diedrich Knickerbocker By Washington Irving (T HE FOLLOWING tale was found among the papers of the late Diedrich Knickerbocker, an old gentleman of New York, who was very curious in the Dutch history of the province, and the manners of the descendants from its primitive settlers. His historical researches, however, did not lie so much among books as among men; for the former are lamentably scanty on his favorite topics; whereas he found the old burghers, and still more their wives, rich in that legendary lore so invaluable to true history. Whenever, therefore, he happened upon a genuine Dutch family, snugly shut up in its low-roofed farmhouse, under a spreading sycamore, he looked upon it as a little clasped volume of black-letter, and studied it with the zeal of a bookworm. The result of all these researches was a history of the province during the reign of the Dutch governors, which he published some years since. There have been various opinions as to the literary character of his work, and, to tell the truth, it is not a whit better than it should be. Its chief merit is its scrupulous accuracy, which indeed was a little questioned on its first appearance, but has since been completely established; and it is how admitted into all historical collections as a book of unquestionable authority. The old gentleman died shortly after the publication of his work, and now that he is dead and gone it cannot do much harm to his memory to say that his time might have been much better employed in weightier labors. He, however, was apt to ride his hobby in his own way; and though it did now and then kick up the dust a little in the eyes of his neighbors and grieve the spirit of some friends, for whom he felt the truest deference and affection, yet his errors and follies are remembered “more in sorrow than in anger”; and it begins to be suspected that he never intended to injure or offend. But however his memory may be appreciated by critics, it is still held dear among many folk whose good opinion is well worth having; particularly by certain biscuit bakers, who have gone so far as

Rip Van Winkle &Dame Van Winkle

Rip Van Winkle &Dame Van Winkle Rip Van Winkle written by Washington Irving tells a story that the hero called Rip Van Winkle goes for a walk to the woods and falls asleep for twenty years, missing the Revolutionary war. To start with, Rip Van Winkle and Dame Van Winkle both have distinctive characters. Rip V an Winkle is a kind, easygoing, and peaceful man who is popular with all of his neighbors. His wife’s bad temper earns him the sympathy of women and children love him because he told stories and gave toys to them His only shortcoming is that he was not willing to do any work from which he could make a living. He often helps neighbors work for a day but takes little care of his farm and idles away his time. During his long sleep, his wife supported the family alone and the world gets along fine without him. Dame Van Winkle, Rip Van Winkle’s wife is a sour-tempered woman who spends all her time berating Rip. She is cantankerous and nagging and no one can stand her bad temper. However, when her husband is v ery lazy and don’t want to undertake agricultural work, she worked very hard for the family. Two heroes’ different characters may lead to the unhappy marriage. Then their relationship is not very well and they don’t get along well with each other. Rip’s wife” kept continually dinning in his ears about his idleness, his carelessness, and the ruin he was bringing on his family. Morning, noon, and night, her tongue was incessantly going.” His wife always throws her criticism of him into his face. Rip is very afraid of his wife, even obedient to his quite domineering wife. In this book, readers can see his fear towards Dame from many plots. When Rip woke up after 20 years ago, the first thing he thought was which excuse can be made to explain his late returning. And when Rip went back from the mountain and found that his wife has been dead for years, he felt real freedom. Her death released Rip. It is a heart-breaking thing that husband ignores, even hates his wife who tried her best to plant crops and educate their children to support their family. Someone thought Dame represents colonist, but the theme is changing according to times. Dame is a hardworking, capable and responsible woman and dares to challenge patriarchal society, although she is well known by his bad temper. She cleaned up the room, took care of two young children and farmed the land. The responsibility for her family bears down on a poor woman because Rip is very lazy in life. But everyone in the pleasant village adores Rip and hates Dame. Rip do es nothing and earns people’s sympathy and respect, Dame works diligently and conscientiously and is hated by many people including her husband and dog. Women can’t accept this treatment and discrimination. This comparison shows that it is not fair. And this is the world that men rule everything and women are discriminated, violated and unjustly treated. After reading this book, we should get rid of the belief that every woman should be sympathetic, gentle and pure and struggled to gain equality, respect, freedom and the same right as men.

Rip Van Winkle 译文资料

R i p V a n W i n k l e译 文

瑞普-凡-温克尔 卡兹吉尔出脉位于纽约州哈得逊河西边，山峰高耸人云，俯瞰着四周的山村。季节更替，阴晴转换，甚至旦夕间的时辰变幻，都会引来山容峰色午姿百态。所以山区周围的村民只要观看卡兹吉尔山脉就能猜出天气的变化。就在这些山脉下面，航行者可以看见缕缕青烟从一个古老的荷兰小山村袅袅升起。瑞普-凡-温克尔就在这个村里。许多年前，他就住在这里，那时这个国家还发球英国。瑞普-凡-温克尔是一个朴素单纯，性格温和的家伙。在荷兰决督统治时期，他的祖先曾英勇地与英国人战斗过。然而，瑞普的血液里没有多少祖先的军人性格。我已经说了，他是一个朴素单纯，性格温和的家伙。此外他还是一个善良的邻居，也是一个在老婆面前唯唯诺诺的丈夫。由于在家里被老婆管得太严所以他似乎养成了处处与人为善的习惯。因此，除了他老婆外，大这都对他评价很高。当然，他在村子里所有的良家妇女中很受欢迎。每当她们知道了凡-温克尔家吵架，她们总是认定瑞普是对的，而凡-温克尔夫人是错的。孩子们也一样，瑞普-凡-温克尔一来，他们总是欢叫起来。他总是望着他们玩耍，为他们做玩具，教他们怎么玩各种游戏，还给他们讲最精彩的故事。不管他去哪儿，他的四周常常围着一群孩子。村子里没有哪条狗对他狂吠过。瑞普-凡-温克尔有一个缺点：什么赚钱的活儿他都不喜欢，甚至是憎恨。很难理解究竟是什么原因让他不爱劳动。可他从不拒绝帮助邻居，哪怕是干最粗的活儿，比如帮人家砌石墙。村里的妇女也常使唤他，让他传信，或做一些她们的丈夫不愿意做的小活计。换言之，除了自各儿的事情外，别人家的事瑞普都乐意管。至少家庭责任，收拾农场，他觉得这样的活儿绝对做不来。事实上，他宣称在他农场上折腾毫无用处，因为那是整个那一带最差的小块地，一无是处。结果由于他经营不善，失去不少土地，他的小农场比他周围的农场更差了。他的孩子也到处游荡，他们的可怜样和他的农场一样。他的儿子小瑞普，和他很像，整天四处晃荡。他穿着一条他父亲的旧裤子，不得不用一只手提着，免得掉了下来。然而，瑞普-凡-温克尔是那种有福分的人。他一副傻样，与世无争，待人接物从容快乐；他吃好吃差无所谓，只要得来全不费工夫。如果由着他的性子，他会非常心安理得地虚度一生。可是他老婆在他耳朵边不停地数落他，说他游手好闲，对家庭漠不关心，这个家快给他毁了。从早到晚，她唠叨个没完。他说的每句话，做的每件事，定公招徕她一顿臭骂。瑞普对付他那长舌老婆，倒是有个办法，这个办法用多了。已经成了一个习惯。他只是把头耷拉在肩膀上，眼望天空，一言不发。然而，这又引来老婆的一阵发火。这么一来，瑞普无事可做，只有离开家。在家里，瑞普唯一的朋友就是他的狗，名叫沃尔夫。沃尔夫常常是凡-温克尔太太的出气筒，因为她把他们看做是游手好闲的难兄难弟，有时她甚至指责说：瑞普之所以吊儿郎当都是这条狗的错。不错，沃外交活动夫在树林里像条狗，很勇敢，可是再勇敢的狗也经不住一个长舌妇的数落。每当沃尔夫走进家门，他总是耷拉着脑袋，尾巴垂掉在地上或夹在两腿间。他在屋里溜达，一脸心虚的样子，时刻从眼角观察着凡-温克尔太太，一看到她有一丝不快的迹象，便拨腿开溜。瑞普-凡-温克尔结婚后，随着岁月的推移，他的麻烦也越来越多。有很长一段时间，当凡-温克尔太太的唠叨迫使他出门时，他总是和其他闲人坐在一块儿安慰自己。他和这些闲人常坐在村里的小酒馆前面，酒馆的名字就是因英王乔治三世下的肖像而起的。在漫长的夏天里，他们

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华盛顿·欧文是美国早期浪漫主义文学的代表，被誉为“美国文学之父”，是第一个为美国文学赢得欧洲乃至世界声誉的作家。在作品中，欧文常常把美国的现实状况与欧洲的历史传说融合在一起，展现了一幅幅生动的画面。《瑞普·凡·温克尔》是《见闻札记》中很有特色的一篇。 该小说以哈得逊河流域的一个小村子背景，讲述了一个神奇的故事：主人公瑞普·凡·温克尔脾气温和，天性懒惰，不事生产，“什么赚钱的活儿他都不喜欢，甚至是憎恨。”经常遭到妻子的责备数落。为逃避妻子的唠叨，他经常带着猎枪和狗到山中去打猎。一天，瑞普在山中遇到一群古怪的老人在玩九木桩（some odd-looking personage playing at ninepins）游戏。贪杯的瑞普·凡·温克尔偷饮了古怪老人的仙酒后酣然入睡(fell into a deep sleep)。等他一觉醒来回到村子时，却惊奇的发现村里发生了天翻地覆的变化。村子比以前大了；老朋友死于一场战争或者去了别的地方；妻子已经过世。孩子们都已长大成人；睡觉前他还是乔治王的臣民，现在竟成了美利坚合众国的公民——原来他一睡就是20年。 在我看来，瑞普·凡·温克尔是个矛盾的人物形象。一方面他虽然担负着养家糊口的责任，却一切有好处的劳动都深恶痛绝。因此，瑞普家的田地是最糟糕的，杂草丛生，篱笆倒塌，牲畜乱跑，家人仅靠一小块玉米和马铃薯地勉强生活。即便这样，懒惰的瑞普也不为所动，依旧无所事事、不事耕耘。另一方面，瑞普这个对自家的农活儿

不理不睬的大懒汉，却一反常态地对帮助邻居表现出极大的积极性。比如。无论参加村里剥玉米垒石墙的劳动。还是给农妇们跑腿打杂，瑞普都有求必应．任劳任怨，乐而不疲。通过明显的对比体现出了瑞普·凡·温克尔是个惧怕承担家庭责任的胆小鬼，永远长不大的小孩子。其次，该作品采取对不同人物的描写以及采取不同视角的对人物的刻画，为读者描绘出一幅美国革命前的乡村美景。最后，该作品对女性的描写存在一定的鄙视，对瑞普妻子的描写时，所用的词语“火辣”，“泼辣”等贬义词，而对文中男性的描写采用的多为褒义词或中性词．如“可怜的”“高明的”等等。这些描写的鲜明对比，暗示了作者对女性不平等的态度。 Washington irving is a representative of the early American romantic literature, is known as the "Father of American Literature",He was the first to win the European American literature and even world reputation as a writer. In his works, Irving was often take the reality of the United States associated with the European historical legends , So formed a vivid

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The story Rip Van Winkle is about an idle, ambitionless, inagressive person named Rip Van Winkle. In order to avoid his wife non-stop nagging at home, he seeks refuge in the mountain where he meets several dwarfs and tastes the liquor . Overwhelmed by the magic of the liquor, he falls into a 20-year sleep. When he wakes up, everything has undergone a tremendous change. From the plot and the character of Rip Van Winkle we can see he escapes from his responsibilities and duties and the contradiction towards work. Rip Van Winkle, a good-natured man, is always ready to attend to anybody’s business . He has continuous trouble with Dame Van Winkle, who symbols the puritan thoughts, which consider idleness and laziness as evil thing. Rip Van Winkle has to search comfort by wandering with the dog “wolf”.He can’t really get comfort from philosophers in the village. The “despaired” Rip Van Winkle drinks and falls asleep. The drink is further escape from his woes. He is burdened once again with the thought of having his responsibilities. In the vivid setting picture described by Washington Irving, we can easily follow Rip Van Winkle’s exotic experience as well as it’s an interesting story in Washington’s humorous, easy, clear style. We can see America is an immature, childish, imaginative country from the character of Rip Van Winkle.