英语职称B级试题
英语试题(综合B)
一、词汇辨析(共15题，合计15分)
She cancelher trip to New York because she was ill.
A. called off
B. closed down
C. put up
D. went of
Before you decide on a vocation, it might be a good idea to consult a few good friends.
A. career
B. holiday
C. plan
D. research
3He must not allow this unusual barrier to stop him from fighting against the enemy.
A. interior
B. obstacle
C. interruption
D. interference
4Even in a highly modernized country, manualwork is still needed.
A. expressive
B. physica l
C. exaggerated
D. dubious
Hundreds of years ago cloves were used to remedy headaches.
A. disrupt
B. diagnose
C. evaporate
D. cure
6Sulphur has occasionally been found in the earth in an almost pure state.
A. regularly
B. accidentally
C. sometimes
D. successfully
7John has made up his mind not to go to the meeting.
A. wanted
B. promised
C. decided
D. agreed
8They have been living under the most appalling conditions for two years.
A. dreadful
B. bad
C. unpleasant
D. poor
When Jack eventually overtook the last truck he pulled over to the inside lane.
A. skipped
B. passed
C. reached
D. led
10These old buildings in Shanghai are gorgeous.
A. ridiculous
B. lovely
C. magnificent
D. peculiar
11From my standpoint, you know, this thing is just ridiculous.
A. place
B. point of view
C. knowledge
D. opinion
12Reading the job ad, he wondered whether he was eligible to apply for it.
A. competitive
B. diligent
C. qualified
D. competent
13My boss often finds fault with my work.
A. criticizes
B. praises
C. evaluates
D. talks about
14Mary said mildly, "I'm just curious. "
A. gently
B. shyly
C. weakly
D. sweetly
15Because of the popularity of the region, it is advisable to book hotels in advance. A. possible B. profitable C. easy D. wise
二、阅读判断(共1题，合计7分)
根据材料，回答16-22问题。
Highways
The increase in auto production, private turnpike (收费公路) companies under local authorities began to spring up, and by 1921 there were 387, 000 miles of paved roads. At that time, there were no national standards for size, weight restrictions, or weight of trucks. During the World War I, roads throughout the country were nearly destroyed by the weight of trucks.
When General Eisenhower returned from Germany in 1919, he noted: "the old convoy (车队)had started me thinking about good, two-lane highways, but Germany's Autobahn or motorway had made me see the wisdom of broader ribbons across the land. "
The interstate highway system was f'mally started in 1956. To build its 44, 000-mile web of highways, bridges, and tunnels, hundreds of unique engineering designs and solutions had to be worked out. Considering the many geographic features of the country such as mountains, steep
grades, wetlands, rivers, deserts and plains, innovative designs of roadways began to weave their way across the country, forever altering the face of America.
Today, the interstate system links every major city in the U. S. , and the U. S. with Canada and Mexico. Built with safety in mind, the highways have wide lanes and shoulders,dividing medians, or barriers, long entry and exit lanes, curves engineered for safe turns, and limited access. The death rate on highways is half that of all other U. S roads (0. 86 deaths per 100 million passenger miles compared to 1.99 deaths per 100 million on all other roads).
By opening the North American continent, highways have enabled consumer goods and services to reach people in remote and rural areas of the country, spurred the growth of suburbs,and provided people with greater options in terms of jobs, access to cultural program, health care, and other benefits. Above all, the interstate system provides individuals with what they cherish most: personal freedom of mobility.
The interstate system has been an essential element of the nation's economic growth in terms of shipping and job creation: more than 75 percent of the nation's freight deliveries arrive by truck; and most products that arrive by rail or air use interstates for the last leg of the journey
by vehicle. Not only has the highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping routes, it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations, motels,restaurants, and shopping centers. It has allowed the relocation of manufacturing plants and other industries from urban areas to rural.
16National standards for paved roads were in place by 1921.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
7Eisenhower felt that the broad German motorways had better quality than the highways of America.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
18In the 1950s that the American government finally took action to build a national highway system.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
19Many of the problems presented by the country's geographical features found solutions in innovative engineering projects.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
0With safety considerations, the death rate on interstate highways is still higher than that of other American roads.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
21The interstate highways system provides access between major military installations in America.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
22Service stations, motels and restaurants promoted the development of the interstate highway system. A. Right B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
三、概括大意(共1题，合计8分)
根据材料，回答23-30问题。
Science Fiction
1. Amongst the most popular books being written today are those which are usually classified as science fiction. Hundreds of titles are published every year and are read by all kinds of people. Furthermore, some of the most successful films of recent years have been based on science fiction stories.
2. It is often thought that science fiction is a fairly new development in literature, but its ancestors can be found in books written hundreds of years ago. These books were often concerned with the presentation of some form of ideal society, a theme which is still often found in modem stories.
3. Most of the classics of science fiction, however, have been written within the last hundred
years. Books by writers such as Jules Veme and H. G Wells, to mention just two well-known authors have been translated into many languages.
4. Modem science fiction writers don't write about men from Mars (火星) or space adventure stories . They are more interested in predicting the results of technical developments on society and the human mind; or in imagining future worlds which are a reflection of the world which we live in now . Because of this, their writing has obvious political undertones(含义).
5. In an age where science fact frequently overtakes (超过) science fiction, the writers may find it difficult to keep ahead of scientific advances. Those who are sufficiently clear-sighted to see the way we are going, however, may provide a valuable lesson on how to deal with the problems which society will inevitably face as it tries to master its new technology.
23Paragraph 2______
A. A Fairly New Development
B. Classics of Science Fiction
C. Difficulty in Keeping Ahead of Scientific Advances
D. Origins of Science Fiction
E. Themes of Modern Science Fiction
24Paragraph 3______
A. A Fairly New Development
B. Classics of Science Fiction
C. Difficulty in Keeping Ahead of Scientific Advances
D. Origins of Science Fiction
E. Themes of Modern Science Fiction
25Paragraph 4______
A. A Fairly New Development
B. Classics of Science Fiction
C. Difficulty in Keeping Ahead of Scientific Advances
D. Origins of Science Fiction
E. Themes of Modern Science Fiction
26Paragraph 5______
A. A Fairly New Development
B. Classics of Science Fiction
C. Difficulty in Keeping Ahead of Scientific Advances
D. Origins of Science Fiction
E. Themes of Modern Science Fiction
27Some form of ideal society is_____
A. concerned with the problems to solve in the future
B. to keep ahead of scientific advances
C. implication
D. a current theme
E. read worldwide
F. a recurrenl theme
28Books written by J. Verne are______
A. concerned with the problems to solve in the future
B. to keep ahead of scientific advances
C. implication
D. a current theme
E. read worldwide
F. a recurrenl theme
29Modem science fiction have political______
A. concerned with the problems to solve in the future
B. to keep ahead of scientific advances
C. implication
D. a current theme
E. read worldwide
F. a recurrenl theme
30The writers find it difficult_______
A. concerned with the problems to solve in the future
B. to keep ahead of scientific advances
C. implication
D. a current theme
E. read worldwide
F. a recurrenl theme
四、阅读理解(共3题，合计45分)
根据材料，回答31-35问题。
Nap, Good or Bad?
American society is not nap (午睡) friendly. In fact, says David Dinges, a sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. "There's even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep. " Nobody wants to be caught napping or found asleep at work. To quote a proverb: "Some sleep five hours, nature requires seven, laziness nine and wickedness eleven. "
Wrong. The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them. "We have to totally change our attitude toward napping," says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University, the godfather of sleep research.
Last year a national commission led by Dement identified an "American sleep debt" which one member said was as important as the national debt. The commission was concerned about the dangers of sleepiness: people causing industrial accidents or falling asleep while driving.This may be why we have a new sleep policy in the White House. According to recent reports,president Clinton is trying to take a half hour snooze (打瞌睡)
every afternoon. About 60 percent of American adults nap when given the opportunity. We seem to have "a midafternoon quiet phase" also called "a secondary sleep gate". Sleeping 15 minutes to two hours in the early afternoon can reduce stress and make us refreshed. Clearly, we were born to nap.
We Superstars of Snooze don't nap to replace lost shut eye or to prepare for a night shift.
Rather, we "snack" on sleep, whenever, wherever and at whatever time we feel like it. I myself have napped in buses, cars, planes and on boats; on floors and beds; and in libraries,offices and museums.
31It is commonly accepted in American society that too much sleep is______
A. unreasonable.
B. criminal.
C. harmful.
D. costly.
32The research done by the Dement commission shows that Americans______
A. don't like to take naps.
B. are terribly worried about their national debt.
C. sleep less is good for them
D. have caused many industrial and traffic accidents.
33The purpose of this article is to_______
A. warn us of the wickedness of napping.
B. explain the danger of sleepiness.
C. discuss the side effects of napping.
D. convince the reader of the necessity of napping.
34The "American sleep debt" (Line 1, Para. 3) is the result of_____
A. the traditiona! misconception the Americans have about sleep.
B. the new sleep policy of the Clinton Administration.
C. the rapid development of American industry.
D. the Americans' worry about the danger of sleepiness.
35The author's attitude towards naps is_______
A. neutral.
B. positive.
C. negative.
D. objective.
根据材料，回答36-40问题。
Difficult to Have Hard Discoveries
If there is one thing scientists have to hear, it is that the game is over. Raised on the belief of an endless voyage of discovery, they recoil (畏缩) from the suggestion that most of the best things have already been located. If they have, today's scientists can hope to contribute no more
than a few grace notes to the symphony of science.
A book to be published in Britain this week, The End of Science, argues persuasively that this is the case. Its author, John Horgan, is a senior writer for Scientific American magazine,who has interviewed many of today's leading scientists and science philosophers. The shock of realizing that science might be over came to him, he says, when he was talking to Oxford mathematician and physicist Sir Roger Penrose.
The End of Science provoked a wave of denunciation ( 谴责) in the United States last year. "The reaction has been one of complete shock and disbelief," Mr. Horgan says.
The real question is whether any remaining unsolved problems, of which there are plenty, lend themselves to universal solutions. If they do not, then the focus of scientific discqvery is already narrowing. Since the triumphs of the 1960s -- the genetic code, plate
tectonics (板块构造说), and the microwave background radiation that went a long way towards proving the Big Bang -- genuine scientific revolutions have been scarce. More scientists are now alive, spending more money on research, than ever. Yet most of the great discoveries of the 19th and 20th centuries were made before the appearance of state sponsorship, when the scientific enterprise was a fraction of its present size.
Were the scientists who made these discoveries brighter than today's? That seems unlikely.A far more reasonable explanation is that fundamental science has already entered a period of diminished returns. "Look, don't get me wrong," says Mr. Horgan. "There are lots of important things still to study, and applied science and engineering can go on for ever. I hope we get a cure for cancer, and for mental disease, though there are few real signs of progress. "
36The sentence "most of the best things have already been located" could mean_______
A. most of the best things have already been changed.
B. most of the best things remain to be changed.
C. there have never been so many best things waiting to be discovered.
D. most secrets of the world have already been discovered.
37John Horgan_______
A. has published a book entitled The End of Science.
II. has been working as an editor of Scientific American.
III. has been working many years as a literary critic.
IV. is working as a science writer.
B. land II
C. Ionly
D. land IV
E. I, Iland IV
8There have not been many genuine scientific revolutions in the past few decades because____
A. there have been decreased returns in the research of fundamental science.
B. there are too many important things for scientists to study.
C. applied science and engineering take up too much time and energy.
D. today's scientists are not as intelligent as those in the past.
39The term "the Big Bang" probably refers to_____
A. the genetic code theory.
B. a geological theory.
C. a theory of the origin of the universe.
D. the origin and the power of atomic energy.
40The best title of this passage can be______
A. Great Scientific Discoveries Will Never Be Possible.
B. The Harsh Challenge Has to Be Met by Modern Scientists.
C. The State Sponsorship and Scientific Enterprise Are All in Vain.
D. The Chance for Great Scientific Discoveries Becomes Scarce.
根据材料，回答41-45问题。
How to Avoid Car Crimes
For more than 10 years there has been a bigger rise in car crime than in most other
types of crime. An average of more than two cars a minute are broken into, "vandalized (破坏) or stolen in the UK. Car crime accounts for almost a third of all reported offences with no signs
that the trend is slowing down.
Although there are highly professional criminals involved in car theft, almost 90 percent of car crime is committed by the opportunist. Amateur thieves are aided by our carelessness. When the Automobile Association (AA) engineers surveyed one town centre car park last year, 10 percent of cars checked were unlocked, a figure backed up by a Home Office national survey that found 12 percent of drivers sometimes left their cars unlocked.
The vehicles are sitting in petrol stations while drivers pay for their fuel. The AA has discovered that cars are left unattended for an average of three minutes and sometimes much longer as drivers buy drinks, cigarettes and other consumer items and then pay at the counter.
With payment by credit card more and more common, it is not unusual for a driver to be out of his car as long as six minutes providing the car thief with a golden opportunity. In an exclusive AA survey, carried out at a busy garage on a main road out of London, 300 motorists were questioned over three days of the holiday period. 24 percent admitted that they "always" or "sometimes" leave the keys in the car. This means that nationwide, a million cars daily become easy targets for the opportunist thief.
The AA recommends locking up whenever you leave the car -- and for however short a period. A partially open sunroof or window is a further come-on to thieves.
Leaving valuables in view is an invitation to the criminal. A Manchester probationary (假释期) service research project, which interviewed almost 100 car thieves last year, found many would investigate a coat thrown on a seat. Never leave any documents showing your home address in the car. If you have a garage, use it and lock it -- a garaged car is at substantially less risk.
There are many other traps to avoid. The Home Office has found little awareness among drivers about safe parking. Most motorists questioned made no efforts to avoid parking in quiet spots away from street lights just the places thieves love. The AA advises drivers to park in places with people around -- thieves do not like audiences.
41The passage seems to imply that payment by credit card______
A. is preferable for safe parking.
B. is now a common practice.
C. takes longer than necessary.
D. aids a car thief in a way.
2Which of the following statements is correct?
A. In the UK, a million cars are stolen daily.
B. In the UK, there are amateur car thieves only.
C. There are more car crimes than any other type of offences.
D. One in ten drivers invites car theft due to carelessness.
43The researches mentioned in the passage on car theft include all the following EXCEPT______
A. checking private garages.
B. interviewing motorists,
C. questioning car thieves.
D. examining parking lots.
44The best way for a driver to avoid car theft is_______
A. leaving documents showing one's home address in the car.
B. locking one's car in a parking lot at any time.
C. not leaving the car unattended for longer than necessary.
D. not leaving a sunroof or window partially open.
45In the last paragraph, the term "safe parking" means_____
A. not parking under street lights.
B. not parking in front of a theatre or cinema.
C. avoiding traps set by a possible car thief.
D. parking where a lot of people pass by.
五、补全短文(共1题，合计10分)
根据材料，回答46-50问题。
The First Four Minutes
When do people decide whether or not they want to become friends? During their first four minutes together, according to a book by Dr. Leonard Zunin. In his book, Contact: The first four minutes, he offers this advice to anyone(46): "Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes. A lot of people's whole lives would change if they did just that. "
You may have noticed that the average person does not give his undivided attention to someone he has just met. He keeps looking over the other person's shoulder, as if(47). If anyone has ever done this to you, you probably did not like him very much.
When we are introduced to new people, the author suggests, we should try to appear riendly and self-confident. In general, he says, "People like people who like themselves. "
On the other hand, we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves.
It is important to appear interested and sympathetic, realizing that the other person has his own needs, fears, and hopes.
Hearing such advice, one might say, "But I'm not a friendly, self-confident person. That's not my nature. It would be dishonest for me to act that way".
In reply, Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us (48) We canbecome accustomed to any changes we choose to make in our personality. "It is like gettingused to a new car. It may be unfamiliar at first, but it goes much better than the old one. "
But isn't it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-'confidence when we don't actually feel that way? Perhaps, but according to Dr. Zunin, "total honesty" is not always good for social relationships, especially during the first few minutes of contact. There is a time for everything, and a certain amount of play-acting may be best for the first few minutes of contact with a stranger. That is not the time to complain about one's health or to mention faults one finds in other people. It is not the time to tell the whole truth about one's opinions and mpressions.
Much of (49) also applies to relationships with family members and friends. For a husband and wife or a parent and child, problems often arise during their first four minutes together after they have been apart. Dr. Zunin suggests that these first few minutes
together be treated with care. If there are unpleasant matters to be discussed, they should be dealt with later.
The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course in every school, along with reading, writing, and mathematics. In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on _(50). That is at least as important as how much we know.
46请在第__(46)__处填上正确答案。
A. feel comfortable about changing our social habits
B. what has been said about strangers
C. how we get along with other people
D. interested in starting new friendships
E. hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room
F. who has made friends with everyone
47请在第__(47)__处填上正确答案。
A. feel comfortable about changing our social habits
B. what has been said about strangers
C. how we get along with other people
D. interested in starting new friendships
E. hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room
F. who has made friends with everyone
8请在第__(48)__处填上正确答案。
A. feel comfortable about changing our social habits
B. what has been said about strangers
C. how we get along with other people
D. interested in starting new friendships
E. hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room
F. who has made friends with everyone
9请在第__(49)__处填上正确答案。
A. feel comfortable about changing our social habits
B. what has been said about strangers
C. how we get along with other people
D. interested in starting new friendships
E. hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room
F. who has made friends with everyone
50请在第__(50)__处填上正确答案。
A. feel comfortable about changing our social habits
B. what has been said about strangers
C. how we get along with other people
D. interested in starting new friendships
E. hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room
F. who has made friends with everyone
六、完形填空(共1题，合计15分)
根据材料，回答51-65问题。
Advertising is a form of selling. For thousands of years there have been individuals
who have tried to (51) others to buy the food they have produced or the goods they have made or the services they can (52)
But in the 19th century the mass production of goods (53) the Industrial Revolution made person-to-person selling inefficient. The mass distribution of goods that (54) the development of the railway and highway made person-to-person selling too slow and expensive.At the same time, mass communication, first newspapers and magazines, then radio and television, made mass selling through (55) possible.
The objective of any advertisement is to convince people that it is in their best (56) to take the action the advertiser is recommending. The action (57) be to purchase a product, use a service, vote for a political candidate, or even to join the Army.
Advertising as a (58) developed first and most rapidly in the United States, the country that uses it to the greatest (59) . In 1980 advertising expenditure in the U. S. exceeded 55 billion dollars, or (60) 2 percent of the gross national product. Canada spent about 1.2 percent of its gross national product (61) advertising.
(62) advertising brings the economics of mass selling to the manufacturer, it produces benefits for the consumer (63) . Some of those economies are passed along to the purchaser so that the cost of a product sold primarily through advertising is usually far (64) than one sold through personal salespeople. Advertising brings people immediate news about products that have just come on the market. Finally, advertising (65) for the programs on commercial television and radio and for about two thirds of the cost of publishing magazines and newspapers.
51请在第__(51)__处填上正确答案。
A. request
B. oblige
C. affect
D. persuade
52请在第__(52)__处填上正确答案。
A. transfer
B. secure
C. enjoy
D. perform
53请在第__(53)__处填上正确答案。
A. resulting from
B. dealing with
C. leading to
D. going for
54请在第__(54)__处填上正确答案。
A. followed
B. preceded
C. achieved
D. induced
5请在第__(55)__处填上正确答案。
A. marketing
B. advertising
C. salespeople
D. agents
56请在第__(56)__处填上正确答案。
A. profits
B. benefits
C. interests
D. gains
57请在第__(57)__处填上正确答案。
A. should
B. would
C. may
D. will
58请在第__(58)__处填上正确答案。
A. business
B. service
C. product
D. profession
59请在第__(59)__处填上正确答案。
A. amount
B. extent
C. possibility
D. utility
60请在第__(60)__处填上正确答案。
A. similarly
B. supposedly
C. approximately
D. accountably
61请在第__(61)__处填上正确答案。
A. with
B. at
C. into
D. on
62请在第__(62)__处填上正确答案。
A. While
B. Therefore
C. But
D. If
请在第__(63)__处填上正确答案。
A. as well
B. as usual
C. as a result
D. as a rule 64请在第__(64)__处填上正确答案。
A. more
B. less
C. cheaper
D. dearer
65请在第__(65)__处填上正确答案。
A. works
B. calls
C. looks
D. pays