2018年1月8日研究生学位考试题

北京林业大学2017—2018学年第1 学期学位考试试卷

试卷名称：硕士英语一外

班级学号姓名成绩

试卷说明：

1.本次考试为闭卷考试。本试卷共计8 页，共7 大部分，请勿漏答；

2.考试时间为150分钟，请掌握好答题时间；

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4.本试卷所有试题答案写在答题纸上，否则视为无效；

5.答题完毕；请将试卷和答题纸正面向外对叠交回；不得带出考场。

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Part I Listening (20 points, 1 point each)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be read only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Answer Sheet.

1. A. She had a drink with her elder brother.

B. She has already given up drinking.

C. She used to look like her elder brother.

D. She didn?t drink with her elder brother.

2. A. 68511688. B. 68156608.

C. 86150608.

D. 68156688.

3. A. Listen to some soft music.

B. Switch off the light.

C. Help the woman out.

D. Leave this room quickly.

4. A. Supportive.

B. Pleased.

C. Hesitant.

D. Opposed.

5. A. She should go to see a doctor at once.

B. She deserves his sympathy.

C. She was allowed to give her presentation.

D. She can ask the professor for an apology.

6. A. It is perfect in each possible way.

B. It can bring many good neighbors.

C. It is nearer to her p arents? home.

D. It has advantages and disadvantages.

7. A. They are of the same opinion.

B. They are reading the same book.

C. They are reading in the same room.

D. They are writing about the same topic.

8. A. She has no school assignment.

B. She can?t go to the concert.

C. She?d like to go to the concert.

D. She will attend a concert next week.

9. A. Read grammar books.

B. Learn grammar from reading.

C. Talk to native speakers.

D. Do grammar exercises.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear two mini-talks. At the end of each talk, there will be some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by

marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scored Answer Sheet.

Mini-talk One

10. A. Those with a three-year bachelor?s degree.

B. Those with a master?s degree or its equivalents.

C. Those with a potential to excel academically.

D. Those who are new to academic research.

11. A. By September 1 of each year.

B. By December 15 of each year.

C. In the fall of each year.

D. By early March each year.

12. A. The work of fellow researchers.

B. Requirements for PhD oral defense.

C. The school?s intellectual environment.

D. Individual research interests of students.

Mini-talk Two

13. A. Purple and pink.

B. Black and white.

C. Red and yellow.

D. Orange and blue.

14. A. Calm. B. Excited. C. Creative. D. Alert.

15. A. Curiosity. B. Creativity. C. Tranquility. D. Affection.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a short lecture. Listen to the recording and complete the notes about the lecture. You will hear the recording twice. After the recording you are asked to write down your answers on the Answer Sheet. You now have 25 seconds to read the notes below. 16. Tourism can be sustainable …… so that potential ____________ (two words) on the host

community do not surpass the financial benefits. 17. The tourism industry also provides opportunities for small-scale businesses, which is

especially important in _______________ (two words).

18. Tourism encourages the preservation of traditional customs, folk music and festivals that

________________ (two words) have been lost.

19. Tourism, particularly ecotourism, helps promote ________________ (three words) and

natural resources.

20. It also helps generate funding for maintaining animal preserves and marine parks through

________________ (two words) and guide fees.

Part II Paraphrase (10 points, 2 points each)

Directions: Read the following sentences and then paraphrase them.

1.Unless you seem sincere when you give compliments during a conversation, you are not

going to get a good response.

2.It has long been known that Cairo is the most populous city on earth, but no-one knew

exactly how populous it was until last month.

3.This is likely to be an underestimate as the screening was voluntary and a number of

clients declined the screening altogether.

4.Brown recommended that older adults structure their days by maintaining a regular cycle

and planning activities that give them pleasure, purpose and a reason for living.

5.In developed countries there are rigorous standards for food preparation, whereas in

poverty-stricken countries the main issue is the availability of adequate safe water.

Part III Put the selected sentences in the correct order (10 points, 2 points each)

Directions: The following passage is selected from the Abstract of a research paper. Please fill in the blanks with the appropriate sentences listed below the passage.

1. __________________________________________________________________. In this paper we broadly characterize trends in global forest area by intensity of management, and provide an overview of changes in global carbon stocks associated with managed forests.

2. __ _____________________________________________________________________. The area of global forests has declined by 3% since 1990 but the area of planted forest has increased

in all regions of the world and now accounts for almost 7% of global forest land. The area of primary forest, which is typically defined as lacking direct human influence, is about 34% of all forest land according to country reports, but the area is declining especially in South America and Africa because of human-caused habitat fragmentation and degradation. 3.

________________________ __________________________________________. As a result of increasing management intensity, the area of unmanaged forest, typically defined as land lacking protected status or a management plan, dropped significantly since 1990 and now comprises only 21% of global forests. There have been significant increases in areas of forest used for non-wood forest products such as protection of soil and water, conservation of biodiversity, and provision of social services. Globally, timber production has been relatively stable since 1990, but increasing areas of forest used for non-wood forest products indicates that harvesting is taking place on a smaller proportion of the total forest area. 4.

_______________________________________________________________. Established forests currently offset about 30% of global emissions of CO2 from fossil fuel use, and there are mitigation opportunities involving forests that could increase the gross terrestrial C uptake from roughly 4.0 to 6.2 Pg C annually. 5. _____________________________________________ ______________________. In the future, indirect human influences such as increasing atmospheric CO2 and climate change, along with the direct effects of land management and projected increasing demand for wood biofuel, are likely to become increasingly important elements that influence land management strategies and the role of forests in the global carbon cycle.

A. Concurrently, the area of naturally regenerated forest that is not classified as primary forest has

declined.

B. We discuss different interpretations of ……management?? and highlight some important accounting

and analysis issues.

C. Global forests are increasingly affected by land-use change, fragmentation, changing management objectives, and degradation.

D. However, our results suggest that a diversifying use of forest land may have significant consequences for maintaining or increasing the current rate of terrestrial carbon sequestration.

E. Based on trends in the area of managed forest and regional studies, it is clear that historical and current forest management has been a very significant determining factor of current carbon stocks.

Part IV Cloze (10 points, 1 point each)

There is no doubt that air pollution is a global crisis: it causes an annual death 1 of 6.5 million. That is double the total number of people lost 2 HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria 3 , and four times the number killed on the world?s roads. Half the early deaths result from outdoor air pollution that is far more dispersed and harder to 4 .

Air pollution has increased the 5 of mental illness, diabetes and kidney disease. It is even thought to be prematurely ageing the faces of city dwellers by accelerating wrinkles and age __6 . What?s worse, almost 90% of the world?s children live where outdoor air pollution 7__ WHO limits.

Increasing efforts 8 global warming by cutting the fossil fuel consumption will help cut air pollution. Some major world cities are also doing something 9 traffic smog by setting dates 10 the worst polluting cars will be banned. The huge cuts in health costs that could be achieved with cleaner air are becoming better understood.

1. A. amount B. sector C. toll D. equivalent

2. A. in B. to C. for D. by

3. A. combined B. united C. integrated D. connected

4. A. deal B. cope C. cherish D. tackle

5. A. incident B. incidence C. accident D. instance

6. A. spots B. areas C. sections D. spans

7. A. recedes B. succeeds C. exceeds D. precedes

8. A. of fighting B. to fighting C. for fight D. to fight

9. A. for B. with C. about D. from

10. A. in which B. for which C. about which D. by which

Part V Reading Comprehension (20 points, 1 point each)

Directions: In this part of the test, there are four short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choices given and answer the questions on your Answer Sheet.

Passage One

Despite the enormous contribution of the music industry to the UK economy and the huge benefits to children, the government remains quiet about its importance in schools, but instead announced plans to try mental health training for pupils recently. It has not dawned on politicians that this can be achieved through the arts.

Music education has become harder to access since 2010, when new measures were introduced to boost the number of students studying science and languages, and since then the number of students taking music at A-level has dropped by about 9% as teachers homed in on “academic” subjects.

Children are compelled to take up private tuition, putting those who cannot afford such lessons at a disadvantage. In 2014, the National Children?s Orchestra of Great Britain found that out of its members aged 7 to 13, nearly 70% of those at state school received private education. In 2012-13, only 10% of music students at universities came from black, Asian and minority ethnic backgrounds.

But that?s not the only problem. For a creative subject, music has always been taught in a far too academic way, meaning that theoretical knowledge is the main route to advancement. While there are routes into musical careers for the untrained, there are also dozens of choirs and amateur collectives that put a huge focus on musical notation.

This is an obscure, tricky language that can only be read by a small number of people, most of whom have benefited from private education. Children who cannot comprehend it are written off even when they are capable performers.

The insistence on theoretical understanding is supported by the Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music, which sets the most widely-used music exams. To meet its requirements, pupils must work through limited repertoires of old, mostly classical music, focusing their efforts on mastering musical literacy, above songwriting, composing or enjoyment.

So there is not only a wealthy elite presiding over music, but an academic one, which decides what sort of knowledge and ability make children competent –even though, like artists, musicians vary immensely in their tastes, tools and learning mechanisms.

Sure, we may not be able to tell the difference between a low sound and a high sound, but we can play our favorite songs. That is all I wanted from music.

I worry that the current state of play means many children are locked out. As a discipline, music needs to attract a bigger crowd. Diversity breeds diversity, and teaching is where this needs to start.

1.It can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that ______.

A.politicians are aware of the importance of music

B.music education is worsening around the country

C.arts have little to do with mental health training

D.students prefer music to science or languages

2.Which of the following is NOT one of the problems with music education?

A.Children have to receive private music education.

B.Excessive weight is given to theoretical knowledge.

C.Music tests focus on knowledge of classical music.

D.Children are taught to write songs or compose music.

3.In Paragraph Eight, the author expresses the belief that ______.

A.learners of music should try to be professional

B.music can be learned from your favorite songs

C.music is learned mainly for personal enjoyment

D.many people actually know little about music

4.The author argues in the last paragraph that ______.

A.current teaching methods of music lack variety

B.classical music should be made more popular

C.not everyone can become a great musician

D.music learning requires rigorous disciplines

5.It can be inferred from this passage that advanced music education in the UK ______.

A.has become much more accessible

B.will be written off from school curricula

C.is now mainly for the white and the wealthy

D.is absolutely unnecessary in high schools

Passage Two

You can?t predict the future, but in Silicon Valley you can invent it. This is a popular saying at some companies that deliver digital delights. But underneath the surface of modernity, openness and progress there?s a problem that technology can?t fix. Relatively young white males overwhelmingly run Silicon Valley firms and are stealing our future.

Facebook is more than a social hub. It has become an important centralizing authority for news. More than 40% of American adults rely on the social network to stay on top of the news. However, its trending news stories are softly manipulated by free-willed people.

Another example of Silicon Valley bias is the almost complete absence of the female perspective. These large companies are really designing the future unless the many can introduce the few to some more diverse perspectives about what?s useful or important.

Another big problem is that these corporations seem to know very little or care even less about other people. This bold claim has some basis in brain science –––all tech people are slightly autistic. Autism (自闭症) can be a useful trait for seeking technical brilliance, but becomes an obstacle if a general naiveté about human beings is translated directly into the design of products and services used worldwide.

How digital technologies enhance or diminish our humanity depends largely upon how much developers of technologies care about their fellow beings.

Privacy is a good example. If internet culture is autistic, this could explain how some companies can regard privacy as accidental damage, how some companies constantly ignore or offend customers, and how some technology companies can?t see that an open, connected and copyright-free world isn?t necessarily better for everyone.

Jonathan Franzen has said that the internet is “an incredible concentrator of wealth in the hands of the few while giving the appearance of voice and the appearance of democracy to people who are in fact being exploited by the technologies.”

But if you?re an autistic corporation, you probably can?t see that “free” can come at a cost, that some privacy is fundamental to functioning government, that physical presence can matter or that some people don?t want to be online all the time or read everything on a screen.

After all, technology is a choice, not a destiny. We shape our future by the decisions we make today. We still have time to push things along in any direction we wish, commanding, altering and deleting technologies as we see fit.

6.Silicon Valley is mentioned in this passage to ______.

A.highlight its important role in digital technology

B.list the digital delights that have been delivered

C.impress us with the young executives there

D.illustrate its profound influence on our future

7.It can be inferred from Paragraph Two that Facebook ______.

A.has been a reliable source of news

B.can determine the popularity of news

C.is no longer a social hub in the US

D.is the fastest source of news reports

8.According to Paragraph Four, autism ______.

A.poses a big challenge to technical breakthroughs

B.can hinder product design and services in some cases

C.is a strong personality trait of all brilliant scientists

D.is prevalent among people engaged in brain science

9.The central idea of Paragraph Six is that ______.

A.technology companies care about our privacy

B.the internet culture is by no means autistic

C.technological advances will enhance humanity

D.our humanity is diminished by tech companies

10.This passage is intended to argue that young white males in Silicon Valley ______.

A.can serve as role models worldwide

B.are stealing the future from the others

C.cannot shape the future of any of us

D.can help to make our future much better

Passage Three

The Department for Education is considering new penalties for students who plagiarise essays, for 50,000 students had been caught cheating on their university degrees in the three years before. With a generation paying￡50,000 for their degree, is anybody surprised that a university education now feels like another asset that can simply be bought?

Since tuition fees were introduced in the 1990s, a number of changes have taken place that have made the decision of whether to go to university more about your ability to afford it and less about your desire to learn.

Fees have increased drastically since then, and scholarships have been removed for the poorest students, who will inevitably end up paying more, as it will take them longer to pay off their loans. This sends a very clear message to students: the right grades aren?t enough t o get you into university. You need money to pay for it. Buying essays is clearly wrong, but it feels like the logical extension of an education that comes with a high and rising price tag.

For many people, university is about knowledge or self-improvement. The government insists that students will end up earning more if they go to university – and so, for many, a degree feels like a route to a career rather than an opportunity to learn. For students who feel they?re just buying a rubber sta mp, what?s the point in putting in the effort?

There are many ways to purchase your degree. You read your pre-decided list of writers, normally white male authors who have been on the list for years – often past the time when their novels felt culturally relevant or their theories genuinely held water. In fact, you don?t even have to read these writers – you can just go on to find a summary. Then you make some common criticisms that have probably been made by many others before.

When large amounts of money are necessary to attend university, and degrees are increasingly described simply as a route to a profitable job, it?s not surprising that a pure interest in education is discarded.

I find the sudden dismay about all this cheating a joke. Of course action should be taken - cheating is a serious offence. But we might want to ask how we got into this position in the first place. The ￡50,000 cost of a degree, rather than the comparative pennies spent on stolen essays, might be the first place to look.

11. Cheating as mentioned in this passage mainly involves .

A. taking others? ideas as one?s own

B. copying answers from class notes

C. receiving text messages on tests

D. helping each other on a test

12. The consequences of the rising tuition fees include the following except .

A. weakened interest of students in learning

B. a heavier financial burden on poor students

C. harsher punishment for cheating on essays

D. the belief that a college degree is a commodity

13. Paragraph Five is concerned with .

A. how to buy a degree online

B. how to plagiarize essays

C. how to use references online

D. how to write a good thesis

14. It seems to the author that .

A. people should be tolerant of cheating on tests

B. ways of cheating on tests have become diverse

C. stealing essays is always expensive and risky

D. the high cost of a degree is the root of trouble

15. The central idea of this passage is that .

A. more students cheat, for a degree is considered a commodity

B. rising tuition fees make higher education less accessible

C. cheating on university degrees has different causes

D. plagiarism and cheating on tests should be punished

Passage Four

Retail is tough. Customers have to be able to figure out which item will best suit their needs while retailers need to make sure their customers are happy enough with their purchases to keep them. One way to serve both needs is with a solid “try before you buy” system, which lets consumers get some hands-on time with items before committing to a full purchase. This is even more useful when customers are looking for big-ticket items like fancy wearables and high-end cameras. Big-box electronics retailer Best Buy has partnered with gadget rental startup Lumoid to

provide just such a system, which is due later this month.

According to ReCode, Best Buy you will soon be able to rent items like cameras, wearables and audio devices with a featured button on Best Buy?s website. However, a Best Buy spokesperson confirmed to Engadget that a remotely controlled micro-aircraft will not be on offer through the rental service.

Best Buy?s website will have a button that sends you to Lumoid?s site to manage the actual rental of these items, many of which may be “open box” returns instead of new items. You?ll earn about 20 percent of the rental price in Lumoid credits, which can then be applied to a purchase of the rented item. Best Buy gets to breathe new life into items people have already bought and customers get to check out big-ticket items for a low monthly fee.

This new program could give Best Buy an advantage over Amazon, which does not currently offer a similar rental service. Letting customers rent a higher-priced item like a Sonos speaker, Sony Alpha camera or Apple Watch could get them the time they need with the device to decide if the purchase is worth it. Lumoid?s founder, Aarthi Ramamurthy, says that wearables get the highest conversion rate from rental to purchase, with one in three renters deciding to buy after the try. We?ve reached out to Lumoid for more details on this partnership and will update this post.

Have you found anything that catches your fancy online? Why not try Lumoid to save yourself money? Once you have purchased a gadget this way, you will wonder why such business was not started earlier. Remember that retail is not all about quality and price. In some cases, innovation is what counts.

16. The first paragraph is intended to .

A. point out the difficulty in retail

B. introduce a new approach to retail

C. compare Best Buy with Lumoid

D. give tips on the selection of goods

17. The underlined words in Paragraph One probably mean a period of time that .

A. is not only big-ticket, but also high-end

B. is extremely uncomfortable but unique

C. can provide direct practical experience

D. allows you to put your hands on something

18. Which of the following is true about Lumoid?

A. It is a well-known electronics retailer.

B. It is a company that has a long history.

C. Customers can rent almost anything.

D. Items for rent are mostly returned goods.

19. It can be inferred from Paragraph Four that .

A. the “try before you buy” system works

B. Amazon is going to offer the same service

C. wearables are not suitable for the rental service

D. Lumoid alters some of the returned clothes

20. Which of the following summarizes the main idea of this passage?

A. You can rent cheap wearables at a low price at Lumoid.

B. Best Buy will let you rent gadgets before purchase.

C. Returned goods bring heavy losses to retailers.

D. Rent a house or purchase a house? Try Best Buy.

Part VI Translation (20 points)

Section A (10 points)

Directions: Put the following paragraph into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on the Answer Sheet.

There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live in harmony with its surroundings. The town lay in the midst of a checkerboard of prosperous farms, with fields of grain and hillsides of orchards where, in spring, white clouds of bloom drifted above the green fields. In autumn, oak and maple and birch set up a blaze of color that flamed and flickered across a backdrop of pines. Then foxes barked in the hills and deer silently crossed the fields, half hidden in the mists of the fall mornings.

Section B (10 points)

Directions: Put the following paragraph into English. Write your English version in the proper space on the Answer Sheet.

低碳生活倡导人们在生活中减少二氧化碳的排放，是一种低能量、低消耗和低开支的生活方式。它要求人们以更健康、更安全和更自然的方式进行人与自然的活动。为了实行低碳生活，人们需要改变一些生活细节，如节约用电、不使用塑料袋和一次性产品、乘坐公共交通工具等。

Part VII Writing (10 points)

Directions: The table gives information about students' opinions on different aspects of courses they attended in a university in 2012. Please summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write a composition of no less than 150 words.

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题及答案

2018年考研英语（二）试题及参考答案 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 . In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested. Student’s willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified, another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 subsequent experiments reproduced, this effect with other stimuli 9 the sound of finger nails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects. The drive to_10_is deeply rooted in humans. Much the same as the basic drives for_11_or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can _12_New Scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such_13_can backfire, the insight that curiosity can drive you to do _14_things is a profound one. Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 , however, in a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. ” Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity. Hsee says “in other words, don’t read online comments”. 1. [A]Protect [B] resolve [C] discuss [D] ignore 2. [A]refuse [B] wait [C] regret [D] seek 3. [A]hurt [B] last [C]mislead [D] rise 4. [A]alert [B] tie [C] treat [D] expose 5. [A]message [B] review [C] trial [D] concept

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