古代散文名篇英译1

中国古典散文英译（第一辑）

目录

1.岳阳楼记

2.项脊轩志

3.滕王阁序

4.前赤壁赋

5.桃花源记

6.醉翁亭记

7渔夫

8.鸿门宴

9.鱼我所欲也

10.邹忌讽齐王纳谏

11.马说

12.为学

13塞翁失马

14.庖丁解牛

15.苛政猛于虎

16.孔子世家赞

17.爱莲说

18.师说

19. 前出师表

20. 核舟记

1、岳阳楼记（宋）范仲淹

庆历四年春，滕子京谪守巴陵郡。越明年，政通人和，百废具兴。乃重修岳阳楼，增其旧制，刻唐贤、今人诗赋于其上。属予作文以记之。

予观夫巴陵胜状，在洞庭一湖。衔远山，吞长江，浩浩汤汤，横无际涯；朝晖夕阴，气象万千。此则岳阳楼之大观也。前人之述备矣。然则北通巫峡，南极潇湘，迁客骚人，多会于此，览物之情，得无异乎？

若夫霪雨霏霏，连月不开，阴风怒号，浊浪排空；日星隐耀，山岳潜形；商旅不行，樯倾楫摧；薄暮冥冥，虎啸猿啼。登斯楼也，则有去国怀乡，忧谗畏讥，满目萧然，感极而悲者矣。

至若春和景明，波澜不惊，上下天光，一碧万顷；沙鸥翔集，锦鳞游泳；岸芷汀兰，郁郁青青。而或长烟一空，皓月千里，浮光跃金，静影沉璧，渔歌互答，此乐何极！登斯楼也，则有心旷神怡，宠辱偕忘，把酒临风，其喜洋洋者矣。

嗟夫！予尝求古仁人之心，或异二者之为，何哉？不以物喜，不以己悲；居庙堂之高则忧其民；处江湖之远则忧其君。是进亦忧，退亦忧。然则何时而乐耶？其必曰“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”乎。噫！微斯人，吾谁与归？

时六年九月十五日。

译文：

Yueyang Pavilion

Fan Zhongyan

In the spring of the fourth year of the reign of Qingli, Teng Zijing was banished from the capital to be governor of Baling Prefecture. After he had govern the district for a year, the administration became efficient, the people became united, and all things that had fallen into disrepair were given a new lease on life. Then he restored Yueyang Pavilion, adding new splendor to the original structure and having inscribed on it pomes by famous men of the Tang Dynasty as well as the present time. And he asked me to write an essay to commemorate this. Now I have found that the finest sights of Baling are concentrated in the region of Lake Dongting. Dongting, nibbling at the distant hills and gulping down the Yangtze River, strikes all beholders as vast and infinite, presenting a scene of boundless variety; and this is the superb view from Yueyang Pavilion. All this has been described in full by writers of earlier ages. However, since the lake is linked with Wu Gorge in the north and extends to the Xiao and Xiang rivers in the south, many exiles and wandering poets gather here, and their reactions to these sights vary greatly. During a period of incessant rain, when a spell of bad weather continues for more than a month, when louring winds bellow angrily, tumultuous waves hurl themselves against the sky, sun and stars hide their light, hills and mountains disappear, merchants have to halt in their travels, masts collapse and oars splinter, the day darkens and the roars of tigers and howls of monkeys are heard, if men come to this pavilion with a longing for home in their hearts or nursing a feeling of bitterness because of taunts and slander, they may find the sight depressing and fall prey to agitation or despair. But during mild and bright spring weather, when the waves are unruffled and the azure translucence above and below stretches before your eyes for myriads of li, when the water-birds fly down to congregate on the sands and fish with scales like glimmering silk disport themselves in the water, when the iris and orchids on the banks grow luxuriant and green; or when dusk falls over this vast expanse and bright moon casts its light a thousand li, when the rolling waves glitter like gold and silent shadows in the water glimmer like jade, and the fishermen sing to each other for sheer joy, then men coming up to this pavilion may feel complete freedom of heart and ease of spirit, forgetting every worldly gain or setback, to hold their winecups in the breeze in absolute elation, delighted with life. But again when I consider the men of old who possessed true humanity, they seem to have responded quite differently. The reason, perhaps, may be this: natural beauty was not enough to make them happy, nor their own situation enough to make them sad. When such men are high in the government or at court, their first concern is for the people; when they retire to distant streams and lakes, their first concern is for their sovereign. Thus they worry both when in office and when in retirement. When, then, can they enjoy themselves in life? No doubt they are concerned before anyone else and enjoy themselves only after everyone else finds enjoyment. Surely there are the men in whose footsteps I should follow!

2、《项脊轩志》

项脊轩，旧南阁子也。室仅方丈，可容一人居。百年老屋，尘泥渗漉，雨泽下注；每移案，顾视无可置者。又北向，不能得日，日过午已昏。余稍为修葺，使不上漏。前辟四窗，

垣墙周庭，以当南日，日影反照，室始洞然。又杂植兰桂竹木于庭，旧时栏楯，亦遂增胜。借书满架，偃仰啸歌，冥然兀坐，万籁有声；而庭阶寂寂，小鸟时来啄食，人至不去。三五之夜，明月半墙，桂影斑驳，风移影动，珊珊可爱。

然余居于此，多可喜，亦多可悲。先是庭中通南北为一。迨诸父异爨，内外多置小门，墙往往而是。东犬西吠，客逾庖而宴，鸡栖于厅。庭中始为篱，已为墙，凡再变矣。家有老妪，尝居于此。妪，先大母婢也，乳二世，先妣抚之甚厚。室西连于中闺，先妣尝一至。妪每谓余曰：“某所，而母立于兹。”妪又曰：“汝姊在吾怀，呱呱而泣；娘以指叩门扉曰：‘儿寒乎？欲食乎？’吾从板外相为应答。”语未毕，余泣，妪亦泣。余自束发读书轩中，一日，大母过余曰：“吾儿，久不见若影，何竟日默默在此，大类女郎也？”比去，以手阖门，自语曰：“吾家读书久不效，儿之成，则可待乎！”顷之，持一象笏至，曰：“此吾祖太常公宣德间执此以朝，他日汝当用之！”瞻顾遗迹，如在昨日，令人长号不自禁。

轩东，故尝为厨；人往，从轩前过。余扃牖而居，久之，能以足音辨人。轩凡四遭火，得不焚，殆有神护者。

项脊生曰：“蜀清守丹穴，利甲天下，其后秦皇帝筑女怀清台；刘玄德与曹操争天下，诸葛孔明起陇中。方二人之昧昧于一隅也，世何足以知之？余区区处败屋中，方扬眉瞬目，谓有奇景。人知之者，其谓与坎井之蛙何异？”

余既为此志，后五年，吾妻来归。时至轩中，从余问古事，或凭几学书。吾妻归宁，述诸小妹语曰：“闻姊家有阁子，且何谓阁子也？”其后六年，吾妻死，室坏不修。其后二年，余久卧病无聊，乃使人复葺南阁子，其制稍异于前。然自后余多在外，不常居。

庭有枇杷树，吾妻死之年所手植也，今已亭亭如盖矣。

The Nape

Gui Youguang

The south passageway from our sidedoor known as the ―Nape‖ is barely ten square feet, j ust big enough to serve as a room for one. Our house is a hundred years old. Dust used to fall and rain to drip through the ceiling, and I could find nowhere else to move my desk. Moreover, facing north and getting no sun, the room grew dark after noon. I patched it up so that it no longer leaked, opened windows in front and built a wall south of the courtyard to reflect the sunlight and brighten

up the place. I also planted orchids, cassias and bamboos, showing off the old balustrades to better advantage. My shelves are piled with books, and here I rest and sing or sit quietly listening to the sounds all around in the stillness of the courtyard. Small birds alighting in search of food do not fly off at the approach of men, and when a full moon casts its bright light over half the wall the mottled shadows of the cassia trees stir in the wind with a dappled loveliness.

For me this place has happy occasions as well as sad ones. The north and south buildings were formerly connected, but my uncles divided up the house, adding various small walls and doors here and there, so that a dog on the east side barks at the west side, to enter the dining-room guests have to pass the kitchen, and hens roost in the hall. First fences were built in the courtyard, later walls, renovated more than once. An old family maid used to stay in this little chamber. Because she had been my grandmother's maid and nurse in our house for two generations, my mother showed her special consideration. Her chamber opened into the inner apartments and my mother sometimes visited her there. This old nurse told me where my mother had stood, recalling, ―When your elder sister was crying in my lap, your mother would tap on the door and ask, 'Is the child cold? Does she want to be fed?' And I would ans wer through the wooden door.‖ Before she finished my eyes were wet, and hers, too.

One day, after I have bound up my hair and started studying in this chamber, my grandmother came in to me and said, ―Child, I haven't seen so much as your shadow for days. Why shut yourself up here all the time, quiet as a girl?‖ On leaving, as she closed the door she mused, ―The men of our family have studied all these years without success, but perhaps this child will get somewhere.‖ So she came back with an ivory tablet and told me, ―My grandfather carried this tablet when he went to court as officer of ceremony. Who knows but some day you may use it?‖ It seems just like yesterday when I look at these relics, the sight of which now sets me weeping, unable to stop.

There used to be a kitchen east of this chamber, and as time went by I learned to recognize the steps of the passersby behind closed doors. Four times the place caught fire but was never destroyed, as if under the protection of kindly spirits.

The Master of the Nape comments: Widow Qing of Sichuan, who kept a cinnabar mine, was the richest women in the land —the First Emperor of Qin built a tower to commemorate her.

When Liu Bei and Cao Cao were contesting for power, Zhuge Liang arose in Longzhong. Yet while the widow and the wise man were staying quietly in their different corners, the world knew nothing of them. My content in this shabby room, where I hold forth with dancing eyebrows and sparkling eyes on the wonders around me, must remind those who know me of the proverbial frog in the well. That is why I have made this record.

Five years later, my wife came to our house. She often slipped into this chamber to ask about bygone days or practise her writing at my desk. Returning from a visit to her family, she told me her younger sister wanted to know, ―What is that passageway we hear your house has?‖ Six years later my wife died, I let the place go to ruin. After another two years, lying ill for months with nothing much to do, I got men to rebuild this south passageway with some slight changes. But since then my frequent absences from home have rarely allowed me to stay here. The loquat tree which I planted in the courtyard the year that my wife died has grown up now to give shade.

3、王勃·《滕王阁序》

豫章故郡，洪都新府；星分翼轸，地接衡庐；襟三江而带五湖，控蛮荆而引瓯越。物华天宝，龙光射牛斗之墟；人杰地灵，徐孺下陈蕃之榻。雄州雾列，俊采星驰。台隍枕夷夏之交，宾主尽东南之美。都督阎公之雅望，棨戟遥临；宇文新州之懿范，襜帷暂驻。十旬休假，胜友如云；千里逢迎，高朋满座。腾蛟起凤，孟学士之词宗；紫电清霜，王将军之武库。家君作宰，路出名区，童子何知，躬逢胜饯。

时维九月，序属三秋。潦水尽而寒潭清，烟光凝而暮山紫。俨骖騑于上路，访风景于崇阿。临帝子之长洲，得天人之旧馆。层峦耸翠，上出重霄；飞阁流丹，下临无地。鹤汀凫渚，穷岛屿之萦回；桂殿兰宫，即冈峦之体势。披绣闼，俯雕甍，山原旷其盈视，川泽纡其骇瞩。闾阎扑地，钟鸣鼎食之家；舸舰迷津，青雀黄龙之舳。云销雨霁，彩彻云衢。落霞与孤鹜齐飞，秋水共长天一色。渔舟唱晚，响穷彭蠡之滨；雁阵惊寒，声断衡阳之浦。

遥襟甫畅，逸兴遄飞。爽籁发而清风生，纤歌凝而白云遏。睢园绿竹，气凌彭泽之樽；邺水朱华，光照临川之笔。四美具，二难并；穷睇眄于中天，极娱游于暇日。天高地迥，觉宇宙之无穷；兴尽悲来，识盈虚之有数。望长安于日下，目吴会于云间；地势极而南溟深，天柱高而北辰远。关山难越，谁悲失路之人？萍水相逢，尽是他乡之客。怀帝阍而不见，奉宣室以何年？

嗟乎！时运不齐，命途多舛；冯唐易老，李广难封。屈贾谊于长沙，非无圣主；窜梁鸿于海曲，岂乏明时？所赖君子安贫，达人知命。老当益壮，宁移白首之心？穷且益坚，不坠青云之志。酌贪泉而觉爽，处涸辙以犹欢。北海虽赊，扶摇可接；东隅已逝，桑榆非晚。孟尝高洁，空余报国之情；阮籍猖狂，岂效穷途之哭？

勃三尺微命，一介书生。无路请缨，等终军之弱冠；有怀投笔，慕宗悫之长风。舍簪笏于百龄，奉晨昏于万里；非谢家之宝树，接孟氏之芳邻。他日趋庭，叨陪鲤对；今兹捧袂，喜托龙门。杨意不逢，抚凌云而自惜；钟期既遇，奏流水以何惭？

呜呼！胜地不常，盛筵难再；兰亭已矣，梓泽丘墟。临别赠言，幸承恩于伟饯；登高作赋，是所望于群公。敢竭鄙怀，恭疏短引；一言均赋，四韵俱成。

滕王高阁临江渚，佩玉鸣鸾罢歌舞。

画栋朝飞南浦云，珠帘暮卷西山雨。

闲云潭影日悠悠，物换星移几度秋。

阁中帝子今何在？槛外长江空自流。

A Tribute to King Teng’s Tower

Wang Bo

Nanchang, which was the capital of Yuzhang Prefecture during the Han Dynasty, now falls under the jurisdiction of Hongzhou. It straddles the border of the influence of the Ye and Zhen constellations (1), and is adjacent to the Heng and the Lu mountains (2). The three rivers (3) enfold it like the front part of a garment (4) and the five lakes encircle it like a girdle (5). It controls the savage Jing area (6) and connects Ou (7) and Yue (8), and its products are nature‘s jewels. The radiance of its legendary sword shoots directly upward between the constellations Niu and Dou (9). Its talented people are outstanding, and the spirit of intelligence pervades the place. This was the place where Xu Ru spent the night on his visit to Chen Fan (10). The mighty Hongzhou spreads out immensely amid the fog, and the intellectual luminaries are as numerous as meteors chasing one another. It borders both the uncultured and the civilized areas, and its host and guests are all prominent people from the East and the South. Under the escort of guard of honor with halberds in their hands, Governor Yan, a man of high repute, comes to attend this event from afar. Prefect Yuwen (11), a model of virtue, stops his carriage on the way to his new

appointment. On this official holiday, which falls on every tenth day, good friends gather together, and a galaxy of distinguished guests from distant places fill the hall. Also present at the gathering are Master Meng , whose literary grace is as imposing as a dragon soaring and a phoenix dancing, and General Wang, who has weapo ns as sharp as the famous swords ―Purple Lightning‖ and ―Blue Frost‖ in his armory. I, an ignorant boy, have the good fortune to take part in this grand banquet on my journey to visit my father, who is a magistrate of a county.

It is September, the third month of autumn. The puddles on the ground have dried up, and the water in the pond is cool and translucent. At dusk the rays of the setting sun, condensed in the evening haze, turn the mountains purple. In the stately carriages drawn by the horses we make our way ahead, visiting the attractive scenic spot in the mountains. Soon we arrive at the river bank, where the King Teng‘s Tower beckons, then we ascend the tower where the fairy once dwelled (12). Ranges upon ranges of green mountain rise as high as the sky. The red glow in the water is the reflection of the richly painted tower that seems hovering in the air. From its heights no land is visible. Circling around are the wild ducks on the sand-bars. Cassia-wood courts and magnolia-wood halls rise and fall like mountain ranges. Pushing open the door carved with decorative patterns, I look down upon endless waves of brightly tinted roof tiles, each elaborately engraved with lovely etchings. A panorama of mountains and plains stretches beneath me, and I am mesmerized by the mighty scene of the winding rivers and big lakes. In the city there are houses everywhere. There are families of great affluence, whose meals are served with many cooking tripods of food and to the accompaniment of music. Massive ships and fierce war vessels are densely moored at the ports. On the sterns of many ships are carved designs of blue birds and brown dragons. The rain has just let up and the rainbow has vanished. The sunlight shoots through the rosy clouds, and the autumn water is merged with the boundless sky into one hue. The fishermen can be heard singing the evening songs, their voices drifting as far as the banks of the Poyang Lake. Even the wild geese feel the chill of dusk settling upon them, and they cry all the way while flying southward, disappearing around the south bend of the Heng Mountain.

Looking afar and chanting, and then looking downward and singing, I feel a sudden rush of ecstasy soaring up in me. The music of the panpipe is like a gentle cool breeze. The soft singing lingers on; it is so soothing that even the passing white clouds seem to come to a halt. The gathering here can be compared to the banquet in the bamboo garden hosted by Prince of Xiao of the Liang State (13), and many a guest is a greater drinker than Tao Yuanming (14). It is also like

the feast at River Ye where Cao Zhi (15) composed the poem in praise of the lotus flower. Present are many talented scholars who are as gifted as Xie lingyun of Linchuan (16). It is not an easy thing to have four excellent things all at once, that is, good weather, beautiful scenery, full enjoyment and heartfelt happiness, and it is even more difficult to have a generous host and honored guests. I look into the vast expanse of the sky and amuse myself to my heart‘s conte nt on this festive day. The sky is high and the land is boundless; I cannot but feel the immensity of the universe. Sadness follows happiness. I am aware that success and failure are predestined. I look into the distance, but Chang‘an, the capital of the c ountry, is far beyond the setting sun in the west, and Wuhui (17) is unapproachable somewhere amid the clouds. At the farthest end of the south are the depths of the South Sea, and far away in the north is the pillar that upholds the sky, but the Polestar is still farther. Since the mountains and passes are hard to travel over, who would sympathize with the disappointed ones? The people I meet here are all politically frustrated, drifting together like duckweeds. I pine for the Emperor but am not summoned. How long should I wait before I am called to the court again like Jia Yi (18)?

Alas! I am ill fated, and my life is full of frustrations. Feng tang grew old quickly (19) and Li Guang had difficulty getting promoted (20). Jia Yi was unjustly exiled to Changsha. Was it because there was no wise emperor on the throne? Liang Hong had to seek refuge at the seaside (21). Was it because there was no good government in his time? Fortunately what supports one is the belief that a man of noble character always contented with his lot. Old as one is, he gains vigor with age and by no means wavers in his aspiration. Poor as one is, he is all the more determined in adversity and by no means gives up his ambition. One keeps his integrity even if he has drunk the water of the spring of Avarice (22) and is cheerful even is he is confronted with misfortune. Though the North Sea is far away, one can still get there with the help of the strong wind. Though the morning is gone, it is not too late to make up the loss in the evening. Meng Chang was noble and honest, but his devotion to the country was futile (23). Ruan Ji was unruly and untrammeled, but he burst out crying when in dire straits (24). How can we learn from him?

I am an insignificant scholar of a low official position and am of the same age as Zhong Jun

(25), but unlike him, I have no opportunity to serve in the army. I will follow the example of Ban Chao (26), who threw aside the writing brush to enlist in the armed services and I admire Zong Que (27) who made up his mind to seek a military career by braving the wind and waves. I am determined not to accept the offer of a lifelong government position by wearing a hair dress and

holding a tablet before the chest as court officials do. Rather, I will travel thousands of li to go home to wait on my parents, paying respect to them morning and evening. As a son I am not as good as Xie Xuan (28) but in my early years I had the fortune to have men of virtue as my neighbors. In a few days I will be with my father and I will take care of him and receive instructions from him as did Kong Li (29). On this day I have the honor to be invited by Governor Yan to this grand occasion. I am as blissful as if I had leaped over the Dragon‘s Gate (30). Since I do not have someone like Yang Yi to recommend me (31), I can only sigh with grief and caress this piece of writing which expresses my lofty aspiration. Now that I have met a bosom friend like Zhong Ziqi (32), why should I be ashamed of presenting this writing of mine?

Ah! A beautiful scenic spot is rarely seen, and a sumptuous banquet like this one is even less likely to be held again. The grand gathering at the Orchid Pavilion (33) is an event in history and the famous Jinggu Garden (34) is now in ruins. I have the good fortune to attend this feast and I would like to leave this farewell message at the time of paring. I count on all the gentlemen here to ascend the tower and contribute their writings. I humbly compose this short piece in all sincerity. Since every one of us is required to write a poem, the following is what I write:

The lofty King Teng‘s Tower Overlooks the River.

The jade pendants (35) tinkle, and the carriage bells jingle.

The banquet‘s over, the guests are leaving, and the singing and the dancing have stopped.

In the morn the rosy clouds from the southern shore flit across the painted pillars.

In the eve the rain in the western mountains are drawn in by the red curtains.

The lazy clouds are reflected in the water and the days pass in leisure.

Things change and stars move; how many years have passed since the building of the Tower?

Where is its builder, King Teng?

Only the River outside the railing flows to the east all by itself.

(1)In old times the sky was divided into 28 constellations, and each constellation had influence on

a certain area on the earth. Nanchang was under the influence of the Ye and the Zhen constellations.

(2)The Heng Mountain is located to the southwest of Nanchang and the Lu Mountain to its north.

(3)The three rivers are the Jing, the Song, and the Zhe rivers.

(4)In old times there was a piece of cloth in the upper part of a long gown, with which people used

to wrap things.

(5)The five lakes are the Tai, the Poyang, the Qingcao, the Danyang, and the Dongting lakes.

(6)The Jing area was the Chu area prior to the Qin Dynasty. It was less developed than the rest of the country.

(7)It now mainly refers to Zhejiang Province.

(8)The name of a kingdom during the Zhou Dynasty (1046B.C.- 256 B.C.) , mainly referring to the east of Zhejiang Province, Jiangsu Province, and part of Anhui Province.

(9)It was said that during the Jin Dynasty, there appeared a purple vapor between the Niu and the Dou constellations. Later people discovered a precious sword in Hongzhou.

(10)Xu Ru was a poor scholar in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Despite poverty, he declined to be a government official. When Chen Fan was the prefect of Yuzhang County, he received no guests except Xu Ru, for whom a bed was always prepared in his home.

(11)It refers to Yuwen Jun, who was newly appointed as prefect of Lizhou.

(12)It refe rs to King Teng‘s Power.

(13)Prince of Xiao of the Liang State of the Western Han Dynasty often entertained scholars in the bamboo garden by the Sui River.

(14)Tao Yuanming was the author of ―A Tale of the Fountain of the Peach Blossom Spring‖.

(15)Cao Cao and his son Cao Zhi often entertained guests by River Ye. Cao Zhi had written a poem in praise of the lotus flowers.

(16)Xie Lingyun was an official in Linchuan Prefecture, Jiangxi Province. Another interpretation is that Wang Xizhi is referred to here, because he was also an official in Linchuan.

(17)Wuhui is today‘s City of Suzhou in Jiangsu Province.

(18)During the reign of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, Jia Yi was exiled to Changsha and was called back to the court four years later.

(19)Feng Tang was an official of a low rank in the Han Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Wu, he was recommended to a high-ranking official. But it was too late, as he was already over ninety and could no longer serve the emperor.

(20)Li Guang, a military man during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. He had performed many military exploits but had never been fully rewarded.

(21)Liang Hong was a scholar during the Eastern Han Dynasty. He wrote a satirical song to criticize the noblemen and offended the emperor. He had to escape to the Qi and the Lu areas, which were near the sea.

(22)It was believed that on the outskirts of Guangzhou there was the Spring of Avarice. People became avaricious after drinking its water.

(23)Meng Chang was an upright official during the Eastern Han Dynasty, but he never got a high position.

(24)Ruan Ji was a scholar in the Wei and the Jin dynasties. He was angry with the rotten politics of his time and often went out in his carriage. When the road was blocked, he would cry and turn back.

(25)Zhong Jun was a young man living in the Western Han Dynasty. He made up his mind to capture the king of the enemy when he was about twenty years of age.

(26)Ban Chao was a scribe during the Eastern Han Dynasty. He later performed military exploits and was rewarded.

(27)Zong Que was a young man during the Southern Dynasty (420-589). When asked what he would do in the future, he answered that he would go to the front and ―brave the wind and waves‖. Later he became a general.

(28)Xie Xuan, a young man dur ing the Eastern Jin Dynasty. His uncle praised him as ―the treasure tree of the Xie family.‖

(29)Kong Li was the son of Confucius.

(30)The Dragon‘s Gate is a narrow pass in the shape of a gate in the Longmen Mountain where the Yellow River flows through. It was believed that if a carp leaped over the gate, it would turn into a dragon.

(31)Yang Deyi recommends Sima Xiangru, a great poet, to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

(32)Zhong Ziqi, a man living the Spring and Autumn Period. It was said that he was a master in playing the qin, a seven-stringed plucked musical instrument. Bo Ya regarded him as his bosom friend because he understood the music Bo Ya played.

(33)See ―Prologue to the Collection of Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion‖.

(34)See ―Entertainment Given in the Peach and Plum Garden on a Spring Evening‖.

(35)In old times people wore a jade pendant to the body and it gave a tinkling sound when the person moved.

4、《前赤壁赋》（宋）苏轼

壬戌之秋，七月既望，苏子与客泛舟游于赤壁之下。清风徐来，水波不兴。举酒属客，诵明月之诗，歌窈窕之章。少焉，月出于东山之上，徘徊于斗牛之间。白露横江，水光接天。纵一苇之所如，凌万顷之茫然。浩浩乎如凭虚御风，而不知其所止；飘飘乎如遗世独立，羽化而登仙。

于是饮酒乐甚，扣舷而歌之。歌曰：“桂棹兮兰桨，击空明兮溯流光。渺渺兮予怀，望美人兮天一方。”客有吹洞箫者，倚歌而和之。其声呜呜然，如怨如慕，如泣如诉；余音袅袅，不绝如缕。舞幽壑之潜蛟，泣孤舟之嫠妇。

苏子愀然，正襟危坐而问客曰：“何为其然也？”客曰：“月明星稀，乌鹊南飞，此非曹孟德之诗乎？西望夏口，东望武昌，山川相缪，郁乎苍苍，此非孟德之困于周郎者乎？方其破荆州，下江陵，顺流而东也，舳舻千里，旌旗蔽空，酾酒临江，横槊赋诗，固一世之雄也；而今安在哉！况吾与子渔樵于江渚之上，侣鱼虾而友麋鹿，驾一叶之扁舟，举匏樽以相属。寄蜉蝣于天地，渺沧海之一粟。哀吾生之须臾，羡长江之无穷。挟飞仙以遨游，抱明月而长终。知不可乎骤得，托遗响于悲风。”

苏子曰：“客亦知夫水与月乎？逝者如斯，而未尝往也；盈虚者如彼，而卒莫消长也。盖将自其变者而观之，则天地曾不能以一瞬；自其不变者而观之，则物与我皆无尽也，而又何羡乎？且夫天地之间，物各有主，苟非吾之所有，虽一毫而莫取。惟江之清风，与山间之明月，耳得之而为声，目遇之而成色，取之无禁，用之不竭。是造物者之无尽藏也，而吾与子之所共适。”

客喜而笑，洗盏更酌。肴核既尽，杯盘狼藉。相与枕藉乎舟中，不知东方之既白。

译文：

First Visit to the Red Cliff

Su Shi

In the autumn of the year Renxu, at the time of the full moon in the seventh month, I went by boat with some friends to the Red Cliff. There was a fresh, gentle breeze, but the water was unruffled. I raised my winecup to drink to my friends, and we chanted the poem on the bright moon, singing the stanza about the fair maid. Soon the moon rose above the eastern mountain, hovering between the Dipper and the Cowherd. The river stretched white, sparkling as if with dew, its glimmering water merging with the sky. We let our craft drift over the boundless expanse of water, feeling as free as if we were riding the wind bound for some unknown destination, as light as if we had left the human world and become winged immortals. Drinking, we became very merry; and we sang a song, beating time on the side of the boat. This was the song:

Our rudder and oars, redolent of cassia and orchids;

Strike the moon‘s reflection, cleaving the glimmering water;

But my heart is far away,

Longing for my dear one under a different sky.

One friend, who was a good flutist, played an accompaniment to this song. The notes rang out nostalgic, mournful and plaintive, trailing on and on like a thread of gossamer, arousing the serpents lurking in dark caverns, drawing tears from a widow in her lonely boat. Sad at heart, I sat up straight to ask my friend why the music was so mournful.

He replied, ―Didn‘t Cao Cao describe a scent like this in his poem: ?The moon is bright, the stars are scattered, the crows fly south…?‘ And isn‘t this the place where he was defeated by Zhou

Yu？See how the mountains and streams intertwine, and how darkly imposing they are with Xiaokou to the west and Wuchang to the east. When Cao Cao took Jingzhou by storm and conquered Jiangling, then advanced eastward along the river, his battleships stretched for a thousand li, his armies‘ pennons and banners filled the sky. When he offered a libation of wine on the river and lance in hand chanted his poem, he was the hero of his times. But where is he now? We are mere fishermen and woodcutters, keeping company with fish and prawns and befriending deer. We sail our skiff, frail as a leaf, and toast each other by drinking wine from a gourd. We are nothing but insects who live in this world but one day, mere specks of grain in the vastness of the ocean. I am grieved because our life is so transient, and envy the mighty river which flows on forever. I long to clasp winged fairies and roam freely, or to embrace the bright moon for all eternity. But knowing that this cannot be attained at once, I give vent to my feelings in these notes which pass with the sad breeze. ‖

Then I asked him, ―Have you considered the water and the moon? Water flows away but is never lost; the moon waxes and wanes, but neither increases nor diminishes. If you look at its changing aspect, the universe passes in the twinkling of an eye; but if you look at its changeless aspect, all creatures including ourselves are imperishable. What reason have you to envy other things? Besides, everything in this universe has its owner; and if it does not belong to me not a tiny speck can I take. The sole exceptions are the cool breeze on the river, the bright moon over the hills. These serve as music to our ears, as colour to our eyes; these we can take freely and enjoy forever; these are inexhaustible treasures supplied by the Creator, and things in which we can delight together.‖

My friend was pleased and laughed. Then we rinsed our cups and filled them with wine again. When we had finished the dishes, and cups and plates lay about us in disorder, we stretched out in the boat and did not notice the coming of dawn in the east.

5、《桃花源记》

晋太元中，武陵人捕鱼为业；缘溪行，忘路之远近。忽逢桃花林。夹岸数百步，中无杂树，芳草鲜美，落英缤纷，渔人甚异之。复前行，欲穷其林。林尽水源，便得一山。山有小口，仿佛若有光，便舍船从口入。初极狭，才通人。复行数十步，豁然开朗。土地平旷，屋舍俨然，有良田、美池、桑竹之属，阡陌交通，鸡犬相闻。其中往来种作，男女衣着，悉如外人；黄发垂髫，并怡然自乐。见渔人，乃大惊，问所从来，具答之。便要还家，设酒杀鸡作食。村中闻有其人，咸来问讯。自云先世避秦时乱，率妻、子、邑人来此绝境，不复出焉，遂与外人间隔。问今是何世，乃不知有汉，无论魏晋。此人一一为具言所闻，皆叹惋。余人各复延至其家，皆出酒食。停数日，辞去。此中人语云：“不足为外人道也。” 既出，得其船，便扶向路，处处志之。及郡下，诣太守说如此。太守即遣人随其往，寻向所志，遂迷不复得路。南阳刘子骥，高尚士也。闻之，欣然规往，未果，寻病终。后遂无问津者。

A Tale of the Fountain of the Peach Blossom Spring In the year of Taiyuan of the Jin Dynasty, there lived a man in Wuling jun who earned his living by fishing. One day, he rowed his boat along a stream, unaware of how far he had gone when all of a sudden, he found himself in the midst of a wood full of peach blossoms. The wood extended several hundred footsteps along both banks of the stream. There were no trees of other kinds. The lush grass was fresh and beautiful and peach petals fell in riotous profusion. The fisherman was so curious that he rowed on, in hopes of discovering where the trees ended. At the end of the wood was the fountainhead of the stream.

The fisherman beheld a hill, with a small opening from which issued a glimmer of light. He stepped ashore to explore the crevice. His first steps took him into a passage that accommodated only the width of one person. After he progressed about scores of paces, it suddenly widened into an open field. The land was flat and spacious. There were houses arranged in good order with fertile fields, beautiful ponds, bamboo groves, mulberry trees and paths crisscrossing the fields in all directions. The crowing of cocks and the barking of dogs were within everyone's earshot. In the fields the villagers were busy with farm work. Men and women were dressed like people outside. They all, old and young, appeared happy. They were surprised at seeing the fisherman, who, being asked where he came from, answered their every question. Then they invited him to visit their homes, killed chickens, and served wine to entertain him. As the words of his arrival spread, the entire village turned out to greet him. They told him that their ancestors had come to this isolated haven, bringing their families and the village people, to escape from the turmoil during the Qin Dynasty and that from then onwards, they had been cut off from the outside world. They were curious to know what dynasty it was now. They did not know the Han Dynasty, not to mention the Wei and the Jin dynasties. The fisherman told them all the things they wanted to know. They sighed. The villagers offered him one feast after another. They entertained him with wine and delicious food. After several days, the fisherman took his leave. The village people entreated him not to let others know of their existence. Once out, the fisherman found his boat and rowed homeward, leaving marks all the way. When he came back to the jun, he reported his adventure to the prefect, who immediately sent people to look for the place, with the fisherman as a guide. However, the marks he had left could no longer be found. They got lost and could not find the way. Liu Ziji of Nanyang jun, a learned scholar of high repute, was excited when he heard the fisherman's story. He devised a plan to find the village, but it was not carried out. Liu died soon afterwards, and after his death, no one else made any attempt to find it. Notes: 1. Taiyuan was the title of the reign of Emperor Xiaowu of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (376－396). . Wuling is today's Changde City, Hunan Province. Nanyang is today's Nanyang City, Henan Province. About the author: Tao Yuanming (365－427) was a great poet during the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and was born in Jiujiang County, Jiangxi Province. Dissatisfied with the politics of his time, he resigned from his post as magistrate of Pengze County. He retired to his home village and lived there for the next twenty-three years till his death. This piece of writing is regarded as one of the earliest pieces about Utopianism in Chinese literature.

6. 醉翁亭记The Roadside Hut of the Old Drunkard

环滁皆山也。其西南诸峰，林壑尤美。望之蔚然而深秀者，琅琊也。山行六七里，渐闻水声潺潺，而泄出于两峰之间者，酿泉也。峰回路转，有亭翼然临于泉上者，醉翁亭也。坐亭者谁？山之僧曰智仙也。名之者谁？太守自谓也。太守与客来饮于此，饮少辄醉，而年又最高，故自号曰醉翁也。醉翁之意不在酒，在乎山水之间也。山水之乐，得之心而寓寓酒也。The District of Chu is enclosed all around by hills, of which those in the southwest boast the most lovely forests and dales. In the distance, densely wooded and possessed of a rugged beauty, is Mt. Langya. When you penetrate a mile or two into this mountain you begin to hear the gurgling of a stream, and presently the stream -------the Brewer's Spring-------comes into sight cascating between two peaks. Rounding a bend you see a hut with a spreading roof by the stream, and this is the Roadside Hut of the Old Drunkard. This hut was built by the monk zhixian. It was given its

name by the governor, referring to himself. The governor, coming here with his friends, often gets tipsy after a little drinking; And since he is the most advanced in years, he calls himself the Old Drunkard. He delights less in drinking than in the hills and streams, taking pleasure in them and expressing the feeling in his heart through drinking.

若夫日出而林霏开，云归而岩穴冥，晦明变化者，山间之朝暮也。野芳发而幽香佳木秀而繁阴，风霜高洁，水落而石出者，山间之四时也。朝而往，暮而归，四十之景不同，而乐亦无穷野。Now at dawn and dusk in this mountain come the changes between lights and darkness: when the sun emerges, the misty woods become clear; when the clouds hang low, the grottoes are wrapped in gloom. Then in the course of the four seasons. You find wild flowers burgeoning and blooming with a secret fragrance, the stately trees put on their mantle of leaves and give a goodly shade, until wind and frost touch all with austerity, the water sinks low and the rocks at the bottom of the stream emerge. A man going there in the morning and returning in the evening during the changing pageant of the seasons can derive endless pleasure from the place.

至于负者歌于途，行者休于树，前者呼，后者英，伛偻提携，往来而不绝者，滁人游也。临溪而鱼，溪深而鱼肥；酿泉为酒，泉香而酒洌(亦作:泉洌而酒香)；山肴野蔌，杂然而前趁者，太守宴也。宴酣之乐，非丝非竹，射者中，弈者胜，觥筹交错，起坐而喧哗者，众宾欢也。苍颜白发，颓然乎其间者，太守醉也。And the local people may be seen making their way there and back in an endless stream, the old and infirm as well as infants in arms, men carrying burdens who sing as they go, passersby stopping to rest beneath the trees, those in front calling out and those behind answering. There the governor gives a feast with a variety of dishes before him, mostly wild vegetables and mountain produce. The fish are freshly caught from the stream, and since the stream is deep and the fish are fat; the wine is brewed with spring water, and since the spring is sweet the wine is superb. There they feast and drink merrily with no accompaniment of strings or flutes; when someone wins a game of touhu or chess, when they mark up their scores in drinking games together, or raise a cheerful din sitting or standing, it can be seen that the guests are enjoying themselves. The elderly man with white hair in the middle, who sits utterly relaxed and at his ease, is the governor, already half drunk.

已而夕阳在山，人影散乱，太守归而宾客从也。树林阴翳，鸣声上下，游人去而禽鸟乐也。然而禽鸟知山林之乐，而不知游人之乐；人之从太守游而乐，而不知太守乐其乐也。醉能同其乐，醒能述以文者，太守也。太守谓谁？庐陵欧阳修也。Then the sun sinks towards the hills, men's shadows begins to flit about and scatter; and now the governor leaves, followed by his guests. In the shade of the woods birds chirp above and below, showing that the men have gone and the birds are at peace. But although the birds enjoy the hills and forests, they cannot understand the men's pleasure in them; and although men enjoy accompanying the governor there, they cannot understand his pleasure either. The governor is able to share his enjoyment with others when he is in his cups, and sober again can write an essay about it. Who is this governor? Ouyangxiu of Luling.

7.屈原·《渔夫》

屈原既放，游于江潭，行吟泽畔，颜色憔悴，形容枯槁。

渔父见而问之曰：“子非三闾大夫与！何故至于斯？”

屈原曰：“举世皆浊我独清，众人皆醉我独醒，是以见放。”

渔父曰：“圣人不凝滞于物，而能与世推移。世人皆浊，何不淈其泥而扬其波？众人皆醉，何不哺其糟而歠其酾？何故深思高举，自令放为？”

屈原曰：“吾闻之，新沐者必弹冠，新浴者必振衣；安能以身之察察，受物之汶汶者乎？宁赴湘流，葬于江鱼之腹中；安能以皓皓之白，而蒙世俗之尘埃乎！”

渔父莞尔而笑，鼓枻而去，乃歌曰：“沧浪之水清兮，可以濯吾缨；沧浪之水浊兮，可以濯吾足。”遂去，不复与言。

The Fisherman’s Reply

Ch‘ü-P‘ing

When Ch‘ü-P‘ing was dismissed, he wandered away to the banks of a river, and there poured forth his soul in verse. His colour changed. His body wasted to a skeleton.

One day a fisherman accosted him, say ing, ―Are you not his Excellency the Prime Minister? What has brought you to this pass?‖

―The world,‖ replied Ch‘ü-P‘ing, ―is foul; and I alone am clean. There they are all drunk, while I alone am sober. So I am dismissed.‖

―Ah!‖ said the fisherman, ―the t rue sage does not quarrel with his environment, but adapts himself to it. If, as you say, the world is foul, why not leap into the tide and make it clean? If all men are drunk, why not drink with them, and teach them to avoid excess? Of what avail are these subtle thoughts, these lofty schemes, which end only in disgrace?‖

―I have heard,‖ rejoined Ch‘ü-P‘ing, ―that the bather fresh from the bath will shake the dust from his hat and clothes. How should he allow his pure body to be soiled with the corruption of earth? I am willing to find a grave in the bellies of the fishes that swim in this stream: I will not let my purity be defiled by the filth and corruption of the world.‖

The fisherman laughed, and keeping time with his oar, sculled off, singing:--

―My tassel I‘ll wash if the water is sweet;

If the water is muddy ?twill do for my feet.‖

8. 司马迁·《史记·项羽本纪·鸿门宴》（节选）

沛公旦日从百余骑来见项王，至鸿门，谢曰：“臣与将军戮力而攻秦，将军战河北，臣战河南，然不自意能先入关破秦，得复见将军于此。今者，有小人之言，令将军与臣有郤。”项王曰：“此沛公左司马曹无伤言之，不然，籍何以至此？”

项王即日因留沛公与饮。项王、项伯东向坐；亚父南向坐——亚父者，范增也；沛公北向坐；张良西向侍。

范增数目项王，举所佩玉玦以示之者三。项王默然不应。范增起出，召项庄，谓曰：“君王为人不忍。若入，前为寿，寿毕，请以剑舞，因击沛公于坐，杀之。不者，若属皆且为所虏！”庄则入为寿。寿毕，曰：“君王与沛公饮，军中无以

为乐，请以剑舞。”项王曰：“诺。”项庄拔剑起舞。项伯亦拔剑起舞，常以身翼蔽沛公，庄不得击。

于是张良至军门见樊哙。樊哙曰：“今日之事何如？”良曰：“甚急！今者项庄拔剑舞，其意常在沛公也。”哙曰：“此迫矣！臣请入，与之同命！”哙即带剑拥盾入军门，交戟之卫士欲止不内，樊哙侧其盾以撞，卫士仆地，哙遂入。披帷西向立，瞋目视项王，头发上指，目眦尽裂。项王按剑而跽曰：“客何为者？”张良曰：“沛公之参乘樊哙者也。”项王曰：“壮士！赐之卮酒！”则与斗卮酒。哙拜谢，起，立而饮之。项王曰：“赐之彘肩！”则与一生彘肩。樊哙覆其盾于地，加彘肩上，拔剑切而啖之。项王曰：“壮士！能复饮乎？”樊哙曰：“臣死且不避，卮酒安足辞！夫秦王有虎狼之心，杀人如不能举，刑人如恐不胜，天下皆叛之。怀王与诸将约曰：‘先破秦入咸阳者王之。’今沛公先破秦入咸阳，毫毛不敢有所近，封闭宫室，还军霸上，以待大王来。故遣将守关者，备他盗出入与非常也。劳苦而功高如此，未有封侯之赏，而听细说，欲诛有功之人，此亡秦之续耳，窃为大王不取也！”项王未有以应，曰：“坐！”樊哙从良坐。

坐须臾，沛公起如厕，因招樊哙出。沛公已出，项王使都尉陈平召沛公。

沛公曰：“今者出，未辞也，为之奈何？”樊哙曰：“大行不顾细谨，大礼不辞小让；如今人方为刀俎，我为鱼肉，何辞为！”于是遂去。乃令张良留谢。良问曰：“大王来何操？”曰：“我持白璧一双，欲献项王；玉斗一双，欲与亚父。会其怒，不敢献。公为我献之。”张良曰：“谨诺。”

当是时，项王军在鸿门下，沛公军在霸上，相去四十里。沛公则置车骑，脱身独骑，与樊哙、夏侯婴、靳彊、纪信等四人持剑盾步走，从郦山下，道芷阳间行。沛公谓张良曰：“从此道至吾军，不过二十里耳，度我至军中，公乃入。”

沛公已去，间至军中；张良入谢，曰：“沛公不胜桮杓，不能辞。谨使臣良奉白璧一双，再拜献大王足下；玉斗一双，再拜奉大将军足下。”项王曰：“沛公安在？”良曰：“闻大王有意督过之，脱身独去，已至军矣。”项王则受壁，置之坐上。亚父受玉斗，置之地，拔剑撞而破之，曰：“唉！竖子不足与谋！夺项王天下者，必沛公也！吾属今为之虏矣！”

沛公至军，立诛杀曹无伤。

The Feast at Hongmen

Sima Qian

The next day Liu Bang, Lord of Pei, escorted by some one hundred horsemen, went to interview King Xiang. Upon their arrival at Hongmen, he apologized, ―Your Highness joined hand with me to attack Qin. You fought north of the Yellow River, I battled south of it. But I did not expect that I should be the first to break through

Han‘gu Pass and annihilate the Qin Empire, and now have the fortune to visit Your Highness at this place. Because of the mischief done by some maligners, there exists some misunderstanding between me and Your Highness.‖ Xiang said, ―It was your general Cao Wushang who said so. Otherwise, why should I have been like that?‖That day Xiang had Liu stay at his quarters and drank with him. Xiang and his uncle s at on the east side of the table, Fan Zeng, Xiang‘s ―Second Father‖, on the south side and Liu on the north side, while Zhang Liang, as a companion of Liu, was seated on the west side.

Fan winked at Xiang several times, prompting him to take action by raising thrice a jade ring. Nevertheless, Xiang kept silent, ignoring his hint. Then Fan rose and went out to call Xiang Zhuang into the tent, saying to him, ―As a sovereign, your cousin is too relenting. You just go in and give them a toast. Then you try to perform a sword dance, and striking Liu in his sitting posture, kill him. Failing this, you later will all be taken captive by him.‖ Acting upon this instruction, Xiang Zhuang entered the tent. Having toasted them both, he said, ―As Your Highness drinks wit h General Liu and there is no other pleasure in the camp, please allow me to treat you a sword dance.‖ Xiang said, ―Good.‖ So Xiang Zhuang drew his sword and started to dance. Xiang‘s uncle followed suit, deliberately shielding Liu with his body, making it impossible for the young man to give him a thrust.

Zhang Liang hurried to the gate of the camp to see Fan Kuai, who asked, ―How are things now?‖

―Dangerous indeed!‖ he said. ―Just now Xiang Zhuang unsheathed his sword and danced, aiming evidently at our l ord.‖

―As things are so emergent, I beg to go in and fight it out with them.‖ Fan Kuai rejoined. And he, bringing his sword and shield, attempted to enter the camp, but was denied admittance by the guards with crossed spears. So he turned his shield against them, knocking them down on the ground, and forced an entry. Then he drew aside the curtain of the tent and came to stand on the west, glaring at King Xiang with bristling hair and goggling eyes.

―What did he come for?‖ pressing his sword and drawing him self up, Xiang demanded.

―He is Fan Kuai, Lord of Pei‘s bodyguard.‖ Zhang Liang replied.

―Bravo! Grant him a cup of wine!‖ Xiang said.

A waiter gave Fan a tankard of wine. Then the latter kowtowed to Xiang in token of gratitude and rose to his feet, emptying it at one gulp.

―Grant him a pig‘s trotter!‖ Xiang ordered again.

As he was given a raw one, he put it on the shield which was placed upside down on the ground. Then he cut it with his sword into pieces and ate it up.

―Bravo!‖ Xiang applauded, ―Can you have more wine?‖

―I do not shun death, let alone a cup of wine!‖ Fan Kuai rejoined. Then he added, ―The Emperor of Qin, having the heart of a wolfish tiger, could never sufficiently slaughter and torture people. So the whole country rebelled against him. King Huai of Chu made this pledge with the generals: ?He who first overthrows the Qin dynasty and captures Xianyang is to be acclaimed King.‘ Now Lord of Pei was the first to annihilate Qin and occupy Xianyang. Yet he dared not appropriate a single trifle, but sealed up the palaces and led his army back to Bashang to await the arrival of Your Highness. Although troops were dispatched to guard the Pass, it was to block the passage of bandits and provide against eventualities. Despite all his troubles and great merits, he was not awarded with a principality or a fief. On the contrary, you listened to some malicious gossips and wanted to slay a man of great merit. This is but a sequel of the history of the collapsed Qin. I presume to think it inadvisable for Your

Highness to do like this!‖ King Xiang was rendered speechless and only said, ―Be seated.‖ And Fan Kuai took a seat beside Zhang Liang.

Having sat for some time, Liu rose and went to a latrine, while beckoning Fan Kuai out. Xiang immediately sent his captain Chen Ping to call him back.

Liu said, ―I did not take my leave when I went out, what is to be done?‖ Fan answered, ―No need for mean prudence when doing a great deed, nor for petty courtesies when performing great rites. Since they behave towards us like knife and chopping board and we are looked upon as fish and meat, what need is there to take our leave?‖ So they decided to depart at once, leaving Zhang Liang to make due apologies. Zhang asked, ―What did you bring along as gifts?‖ Liu replied, ―I brou ght with me a pair of white jades, which I meant to present to King Xiang and a pair of jade rings, which I intended to give to Xiang‘s Second Father. But I dared not do as planned, seeing that they were angry. Please present the gifts to them in my stead.‖ Zhang said, ―Yes, I shall.‖

At that time, the troops of King Xiang were stationed at Hongmen, while those

of Lord of Pei at Bashang, separated from the former by a distance of forty li. The Lord, having left behind his equipage, rode off, followed by Fan Kuai, Xiahou Ying, Jin Qiang and Ji Xin, a retinue of four, who walked on foot, carrying their swords and shields. They escaped by skirting the foot of Lishan Mountain and by taking the bypaths through Zhiyang County. Before leaving, Lord of Pei had told Zhang Liang, ―It is but twenty li‘s walk to our camp by that route. When you reckon that I have arrived at home, do return to Xiang‘s tent.‖

After Lord of Pei had gone for some time, Zhang Liang thought that they must have reached their camp by taking the bypaths. So he entered the tent and apologized, ―Lord of Pei, overwhelmed by the wine, was unable to take leave of Your Highness. However, he charged me to present a pair of white jades to Your Highness and a pair of jade rings to the Generalissimo.‖ King Xiang asked, ―Where is Lord of Pei?‖ The answer was: ―Having learned that Your Highness meant to find fault with him, he left all by himself and must be at home by now.‖ King Xiang accepted the gift and put it on the seat, while the Second Father took the jade rings, and casting them on the ground, broke them up with his sword, exclaiming, ―Alas, the stupid fellow is no good for State affairs! The one who will seize the country from King Xiang is sure to be Lord of Pei! We shall all become his captives!‖

After Lord of Pei had arrived at his camp, he had Cao Wushang executed without

a moment‘s delay.

9. 《孟子·告子上·鱼我所欲也》

孟子曰：“鱼，我所欲也；熊掌，亦我所欲也。二者不可得兼，舍鱼而取熊掌者也。生，亦我所欲也；义，亦我所欲也。二者不可得兼，舍生而取义者也。生亦我所欲，所欲有甚于生者，故不为苟得也。死亦我所恶，所恶有甚于死者，故患有所不辟也。如使人之所欲莫甚于生，则凡可以得生者何不用也？使人之所恶莫甚于死者，则凡可以辟患者何不为也？由是则生，而有不用也。由是则可以

辟患，而有不为也。是故所欲有甚于生者，所恶有甚于死者。非独贤者有是心也，人皆有之，贤者能勿丧耳。一箪食，一豆羹，得之则生，弗得则死。嘑尔而与之，行道之人勿受。蹴尔而与之，乞人不屑也。”

“万钟则不辩礼义而受之，万钟于我何加焉？为宫室之美，妻妾之奉，所识穷乏者得我与？乡为身死而不受，今为宫室之美为之。乡为身死而不受，今为妻妾之奉为之。乡为身死而不受，今为所识穷乏者得我而为之。是亦不可以已乎？此之谓失其本心。”

Fish Is What I Desire

Mengzi

Mencius says, ―Fish is what I desire, and so are bear‘s paws. If I cannot have them both, I would choose the latter and forsake the former. Life is what I desire, and so is righteousness. If I cannot have them both, I would choose the latter and forsake the former. To be sure, life is desirable, but I will not stick to it discreditably if something more precious is to be desired. I hate death, but I will not shun it when there is something more abhorrent than it. To make life one‘s greatest desire, what one would not resort to if only he could preserve it? To make death one‘s greatest abhorrence, what one would not do if only he could avert it? Hence there is something not to be resorted to even for the preservation of life and something not to be done even for the evasion of death. Therefore, that one would prefer righteousness to

life and abhor iniquity more than death is not only the case with sages, but is also true of everybody. What makes the difference is that the former would on no account lose this inclination. A morsel of food and a bowl of soup, however indispensable to his survival, would be rejected by a wanderer if given with indignities, and would be distained by a beggar if given with kicks. ‖

―Thousands of piculs of grain acquired as reward without paying regard to honor and justice —what good would they do to me? Just useful for building splendid houses, supporting wife and concubines, or for winning the gratitude of poor acquaintances? Previously I refused them, even setting death at defiance. Yet now I accept them for the sake of building splendid houses, supporting wife and concubines and winning the gratitude of poor acquaintances—could it be said to be reasonable? It is called being destitute of one‘s inborn nature. ‖

10. 《战国策·齐策·邹忌讽齐王纳谏》

邹忌修八尺有余，而形貌昳丽。朝服衣冠，窥镜，谓其妻曰：“我孰与城北徐公美？”其妻曰：“君美甚，徐公何能及君也！”城北徐公，齐国之美丽者也，忌不自信，而复问其妾曰：“吾孰与徐公美？”妾曰：“徐公何能及君也！”旦日，客从外来，与坐谈，问之：“吾与徐公孰美？”客曰：“徐公不若君之美也。”明日，徐公来，孰视之，自以为不如；窥镜而自视，又弗如远甚，暮寝而思之，曰：“吾妻之美我者，私我也；妾之美我者，畏我也；客之美我者，欲有求于我也。”

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中国古典散文发展史 外语二班陈紫珺1421611033 散文是我国古代的主要文体之一。我国古代把与韵文、骈体文相对的散体文章称为“散文”。我国古代散文的发展大致经历了以下几个时期： （一）先秦时期 1. 第一部散文集《尚书》。自汉以来，《尚书》一直被视为中国封建社会的政治哲学经典，既是帝王的教科书，又是贵族子弟及士大夫必遵的“大经大法”，在历史上很有影响。 2。历史散文 随着时代的需求，产生了描述现实的历史文学，这就有了《左传》、《国语》、《战国策》等历史著作。《左传》与《战国策》是先秦历史散文的代表。 3. 诸子散文 春秋战国时期，列国纷争，游说之士蜂起。在百家争鸣的政治文化环境中，产生了一批政治家和思想家，写作了大量以说理透辟、逻辑严密、言辞锋利、善用比喻为特点的论说散文，又称诸子散文。诸子散文各具特色：《论语》雍容和顺富有哲理性、《孟子》雄畅犀利富有鼓动性、《墨子》朴实谨严富有逻辑性、《荀子》淳厚富赡富有学术性、《韩非子》峻峭透辟富有政治性、《老子》玄妙精警富有思辨性、《庄子》汪洋谲怪富有浪漫性。在诸子散文中，文学性最强当数《庄子》、《孟子》、《荀子》、《韩非子》。与诸子散文辉映一时的，是以记言记事为主的历史散文。《左传》、《国语》和《战国策》，或以年为序，或以国为别，多出于各国史官之手。其中许多优秀篇章，情节曲折，人物生动，剪裁得体，有很高的艺术性，如《左传》中的《鞍之战》、《郑伯克段于鄢》，或叙述激烈的战争进程，或表现统治集团内部的争斗，在叙事写人方面均很出色。《战国策》中的人物形象更有个性光彩，描写技巧愈加高明，是历史散文中文学价值最高的一部。 （二）两汉 两汉崇文，大一统的鼎盛帝国，要求用文学来歌舞升平。于是一种以铺写帝王和都市生活为主的文学样式——辞赋便应运而生。赋是两汉最流行的文体，是一代文学的标志。其体式导源于荀子的《赋篇》，并吸收了楚辞的某些形式要素而形成的。汉初贾谊、淮南小山的赋，尚未脱楚辞形迹，被称为骚体赋；枚乘的《七发》奠定了汉代大赋的形式格局；至汉武帝时代，献赋诵赋风气大盛，产生了一大批赋家。司马相如的《子虚赋》、《上林赋》，极写帝王苑囿之盛、田猎之乐，稍后的扬雄，有《甘泉》、《羽猎》诸赋。这些赋写得铺张扬厉：多以歌功颂德为宗旨。到了东汉，班固的《东都赋》《西都赋》，张衡的《东京赋》《西京赋》仍是散体大赋中的煌煌巨作。随着社会矛盾的日益激化，帝国强势不再，一些有识之士开始用辞赋来抒情志、来刺时世。张衡的《归田赋》，赵壹的《刺世疾邪赋》，蔡邕的《述行赋》等是这方面的名作。他们的创作突破了大赋原有的体制，对以后魏晋时期的抒情小赋和唐宋时期的散文赋产生了积极的影响。 1. 政论文 贾谊的文章《过秦论》，晁错以主张募民备塞的《守边劝农疏》、《论贵粟疏》两篇散文最为著名。 2. 史传文

张培基英译现代散文选1

张培基英译现代散文选1 1. Phrasal Expression & Words …amid(st) thun derous applause a bare subsistence A be characteristic of B = B be characterized by A A bend in a river / mountain A blind alley A brass drum 小铜鼓 A bygone age a clot of blood A cobbled path A con fused mass of … A faint scent of A forgone conclusion 预料中的必然结局A hired hand on contract A jumble of … 一大堆 A keen sense of A long-timer of Beijing A loose community of smaller family A man of profound learning A mere drop in the ocean A niche in the temple of fame A passing glance A philosophical approach to life a positive outcome A scene of poetic charm A sensation of blissfulness A speck of mud A stone's throw A trace / shade / tint/ sprinkle of … aptly 恰如其分地Art troupe 文工团At a stretch/sitting At one'scommand at the present moment Avaricious desires 贪念 Bark up the wrong tree 攻击错了目标 bashful Bask in the sunshine Be ablaze/aglow with light be advanced in years be an encumbrance to … Be beset/troubled with/by Be blurred by … Be bogged down = be trapped Be bound up with …密切关联be central/indispensable to sb. Be cooped up = be caged be deeply grieved to learn of … be distinguished by Be en grossed in … Be exquisite and nicely arranged be forever cherished / treasured Be hale and hearty Be havened from be humanly impossible Be imprinted/carved/engraved/ingrained on/upon … be in a fix Be instrumental in 交织着 be irrelevant / foreign to Be keenly aware of be keyed up 紧张Be led by the nose be of southern breed Be off and on be on an equal footing with … Be on the lips of … Be on the minds of.. be out to do … be overgrown with wild woods be packed with … Be plagued = annoyed = upset Be possessed Be possessed of be reconciled to … be reduced to be saddled with be sent to gallows Be short of/devoid of Be shrouded in = be covered in = be enveloped in Be sloppy in thinking Be strewn/covered/festooned with … Be stumped by = baffled Be tantamount to ??= equal Be tinted / colored by … Be troubled / seized with … Be tucked away in … Be weaned 断奶 Be weighed down/ troubled with be wet with perspiration/ … Be wide of / far from the mark 离谱 Be wild with excitement / joy Be worthy of … 无愧于 Beam = a big smile on face Bear a thi n coati ng of … begin by degrees 逐渐开始 Beguile = while / idle / fritter away Bibliomania bicker Birds of a feather flock together Blackout: (战时)灯火管制 Blurt 脱口而出bookish / pedantic / impractical view Border sth on the west boudoir 闺房 Bountiful free gifts Bow down to Brazenly claim / credit 厚颜无耻邀功 Break into uncontrolled sobs Brilliant talent burst with vitality Bury the hatchet Button up clothes By dint of 凭借Capon Carcass: slaughtered animal for food Cavernous mouth Chant ancient Chinese books 诵读古籍 chicken-and-egg 因果难断的 Chit chat Click away the seconds Come dimly into sight Come out exceedingly well Come to pass 出现，发生 Come up against Come upon a windfall Come/be of age A Treasury of Best Chinese Prose 古文观Be interwoven with 止 A vast tract of land A virtuous man / a man of supreme virtue / moral integrity A widening expanse of water abandon … to fate Ache/agonize with pain Adjoining room admire sb for sth affected 做作aim high amiable by nature Amuse on eself by =-do …for fun Amusing episode an enlightened king An odd-jobber An opportune moment 合适时机Ancestral home Approach senility 1

散文译文赏析

竭诚为您提供优质文档/双击可除 散文译文赏析 篇一：散文诗名篇赏析《Youth青春》中英文 经典英语名篇文章：青春 作者：samuelullman 青春不是年华，而是心境；青春不是桃面、丹唇、柔膝，而是深沉的意志、宏伟的想象、炽热的感情；青春是生命的深泉在涌流。 经典英语文章《青春》背后的故事： 太平洋战争打得正酣之时，麦克阿瑟将军常常从繁忙中抬起头，注视着挂在墙上的镜框，镜框里是篇文章，名为《青春》。这篇文章一直伴随着他，也跟着他到了日本。后来，日本人在东京的美军总部发现了它，《青春》便开始在日本流传。 一位资深的日本问题观察家说，在日本实业界，只要有成就者，没有哪一个不熟知不应用这篇美文的，就连松下电器的创始人松下幸之助几十年来也把《青春》当作他的座右铭。

还有这么一件趣事，足以证明《青春》在日本的魅力。一天，美国影片销售协会主席罗森菲尔德参加日本实业界的聚会，晚宴之前的谈话，他随意说了一句：“《青春》的作者，便是我的祖父。”在座的各位实业界领袖大为惊讶，其中有一位一边激动地说“我一直随身带着它呢”，一边从口袋里掏出了《青春》。 Youthisnotatimeoflife;itisastateof mind.Itisnotamatterofrosycheeks,redlips andsuppleknees.Itisamatterofthewill,a qualityoftheimagination,vigorofthe emotions;itisthefreshnessofthedeepspring oflife. Youthmeansatemperamental predominanceofcourageovertimidity,ofthe appetiteforadventureovertheloveofease. Thisoftenexitsinamanof60,morethana boyof20.nobodygrowsmerelybythe numberofyears;wegrowoldbydeserting ourideas.Yearsmaywrinkletheskin,butto giveupenthusiasmwrinklesthesoul.worry, fear,self-distrust1bowstheheartandturns thespiritbacktodust.青春不是年华，而是心境；青春

怎么翻译散文

大家学习张培基散文选有所帮助。 张培基《英译中国现代散文选》要怎样使用？ 报考研究生的英专同学都知道，张培基先生的《英译中国现代散文选》在考研圈内很受欢迎，很多同学都把这本书作为必读教材，孜孜矻矻地研究，以求提高翻译的水平。更有甚者，把书从头到尾背下来，以求考试命中。虽然这种死记硬背的方法并不值得推介，但死记硬背也并非完全一无是处，一方面天上掉下馅饼，万一砸中也并非不可能；另一方面背书也有好处，多少增加一点语感吧。 但今天要讲的事情和死记硬背没有关系，也不是鼓励大家来背这本书，而是要说一点背道而驰的东西，这本书是不是值得用，要怎么用，为什么？因为老夫一贯不是很主张把《散文选》作为英语专业本科生的参考教材，更不主张把该书的翻译方法在本科教学阶段推广，这一点培训班的同学都知道。因为该书的译法在很大程度上不是很适合本科生，没有一定的识别能力，没有相当的翻译基础，初入门的学习者拿起该书来学习，难免会出现一些误区，误解，甚至误入歧途。 所以今天就来谈谈《散文选》要怎么用，尤其是对英语专业的本科生来说要怎么用，怎样才能够择其善者而从之，其不善者而去之，扬长避短，争取对考研有最大的帮助。话说回来，世界上的每一本书都是有优点也是有缺点的，《散文选》也不能够例外，这一点不必讳言。首先来谈谈《散文选》的优点。 这本书有什么优点呢？有什么地方值得我们学习呢？就老夫看来，首先要学习的是对原文的理解。理解是翻译的第一步，没有正确的理解，翻译勉为其难。尤其汉语的理解和英语的理解大相径庭。一般来说，我们中国人阅读英语时，理解更多是对词汇的理解，对文化的理解，以及字面逻辑关系的理解。而我们往往受限于词汇的不足，文化的缺失，以及对西文逻辑关系的不适宜，而在理解方面大费周章，难得到位。但是，另一方面，如果我们词汇认识，文化上没有误读，逻辑关系理清，那么理解就容易很多，翻译也就走好了第一步。 但是，汉语的理解不一样。中国人在阅读汉语时一般不会有单词不认识，不会有文化缺失，语言逻辑在很多时候也是没有问题的。但是，另一方面，汉语在逻辑关系上对于语境的依赖远远大于英语对于语境的依赖，也就是说，语境对于汉语的重要性是远远超过英语的。汉语一个单词的真实意义往往更多地在上下文中寻得，而英语虽然也受语境影响，但语境影响的度远不及汉语。这就是为什么汉语对语境的依赖性异常重要的原因所在。那么《散文选》对汉语的理解如何呢？老夫认为是很到位的，理解得很到位，翻译得很到位，很有参考价值。现举一例，《幼年鲁迅》的第一段第一句： 在家里，领着幼年鲁迅的是保姆长妈妈。她是一个淳朴的农村妇女。最初大约是一个生活在农村里的年轻的孤孀，死掉了丈夫和丧失了土地之后，就从农村来到城里谋生。她 的姓名，当时是没有人知道的，鲁迅的祖母叫她“阿长”，因此人们也就跟着叫她 “阿长”，但孩子们却叫她“长妈妈”。

张培基英译散文选3

张培基英译现代散文选3 The Commercial Press and I Unable to see the manuscripts well, I have to rely on someone to read out for me.只能听别人念 With a comment scribbled in red ink about my mistake Enter…on the recommendation of sb. 经…介绍 Co-compile with sb.与…合编 I acted on his behalf as editor of the magazine Fiction Monthly. 代他编…（小说月报）With sb. as my collaborator跟…合作 Do proofreading看校样 It was the post-Great Revolution days when the stirring times found expression in literature.时代的激荡会在文学领域反应出来。 He had up to then written no fiction.他过去不写小说。 Start its publication of the magazine…创办…杂志 Sports requisites体育器械 …boast a galaxy of talent…是知识分子聚集的地方。A galaxy of talent人才济济 Became concurrently director of the People’s Education Publishing House兼任社长 …are still living and enjoy good health健在 It is said that people in the publishing trade live longer.有人说做出版工作的人就是长寿。《什么事不可能》Nothing Is Impossible to a Willing Mind 中国古代神话classical Chinese mythology 《封神传》Canonization of the Gods Make aviation experiments 不过这还是极少数“痴子”的信心，一般人还是嗤之以鼻。 Yet the handful of“dreamers”of those days were subjected to jeers and laughters. 学徒出身的发明家an apprentice-turned-inventor Without the above-mentioned early trailblazers, there would be no human flight to speak of today. 对于飞机大饶兴趣(sb. be) enamored of the flying machine. …不是一蹴而成的。Orville’s 1903 plane was something he accomplished after going through numerous setbacks. Made their first glider(滑翔机)patterned after a paper kite(纸鸢) 所以能向前努力者，无论成败，都有贡献。Therefore, succeed or fail, one is considered to have made a contribution so long as he has tried his utmost. In the face of obstacles面对困难 You need to take much time, do a lot of planning, go through countless procedures and carry out many improvements. And you’ll never make it unless you show the utmost patience. 《说开卷有益》On “Reading Is Always Beneficial” 现在多了一点智识，反过来又觉得古人的不欺我了。Now I know better than to do that. （明事理而不至于…） 可是坏书读了，而知道它的坏的原因与地方，岂不也是一得？After reading a bad book, we know all the whys and wherefores of its being bad.Isn’t that something of benefit to us too? 《当教师的快乐》Joys of the Teaching Career

翻译 中英对译 英文散文赏析

原文 巷 柯灵译者-张培基 巷，是城市建筑艺术中一篇飘逸恬静的散文，一幅古雅冲淡的图画①。这种巷，常在江南的小城市中，有如古代的少女，躲在僻静的深闺，轻易不肯抛头露面②。你要在这种城市里住久了,和它真正成了莫逆，你才有机会看见她③，接触到她优娴贞静的风度。 人耐心静静走去，要老半天才走完。它又这么曲折, 什么时候，你向巷中踅去，都如宁静的黄昏，可以清晰地听到自己的 斑斑驳驳的苔痕，墙上挂着一串串苍翠欲滴 的藤萝，简直像古朴的屏风。春来 小巷的动人处就是它无比的悠闲。无论是谁， 你的心情就会如巷尾不波的古井，那是一种和平的静穆，而不是阴森和肃杀⑩。它闹中取静，别有天地，仍是人间。它可能是一条现代的乌衣巷(11)，家家有自 己的一本哀乐帐， 使人忘忧。 译文 The Lane Ke Ling The lane, in terms of the art of urban architecture, is like a piece of prose of gentle gracefulness or a painting of classic elegance and simplicity①.

a small the lane, a maiden of ancient times hidden away in a secluded boudoir, is reluctant to make its appearance long time.③ The does not taste of the countryside at all. It is long and deep, so it will take you a long while to walk patiently and quietly through it from end to end. It is also so winding that it seems ⑤when you look far ahead, but if you keep walking until you take a turning, you’ll find it again lying endless and still more quiet. There is nothing but stillness there⑥. At any hour of day, you can even distinctly hear in the , which, moss-covered and hung with clusters of fresh green wisteria, look almost like screens of primitive simplicity. Inside the walls are residents’ gardens with In spring, beautiful peach and apricot blossoms atop the walls, ⑧waving their red sleeves, will sway hospitably to beckon the pedestrians. The charm of the lane lies in its absolute serenity. No matter who you are, if you in the lane for a while⑨, your mind will become as unruffled as the ancient well at the end of the lane. There you will a kind of peaceful calmness rather than gloomy sternness⑩. There reigns peace and quiet in the midst of noisy bustle. It is a world of its own on earth. It may be a modern (11)where each family, secluded behind closed doors, has its own covered-up story of （12）The all-pervading and all-purifying atmosphere of water-like placidness makes one forget all cares and worries.

佳作名篇赏析

佳作名篇赏析

佳作名篇赏析 吹箫人（耿林莽） 不是瀑布，不是缓缓而流的山泉，是有人在吹箫。木筏散了，号子声远。我们的船顺流而下，江声已经睡去。只有一管箫在吹着，吹着，呜呜咽咽。 无语的悲凉，反反复复。抚摸，伤口流着血。 找不着人诉说，沉甸甸的竹叶，滴着露。 屈原、李白、苏东坡，一代代人传下来的那条江，在流。 神女无恙吗？她老了。 经不住秋风，发已稀疏。云哦雨哦雾哦，朝朝暮暮。帝王之恋已老化为衰草，不再返绿。 （是她在吹箫么？） 神女峰边，流出来洁白的羊群。 （箫声将它们唤出？） 穿紫衣的牧羊女，在寻觅失踪了的小哥哥。 （骑在水牛背上，溜进了哪一座山谷？） 云哦雨哦雾哦，山脚下的黄昏来了。

羊群咩咩地叫着，寻不着哥哥。 （剪不断的箫声，该换一支曲了。） 吹着，吹着，吹了两千年。 不知道吹箫人在哪里坐着…… 耿老散文诗有一种流淌和飘逸美。像月光挥洒下来，像清风拂过河面。《吹箫人》可推为早期代表。“不是……，不是……，是有人在吹箫。” 起句即特有舒展之姿。继而，是平静如睡的江面，木筏、号子都仿佛消隐在昨日，一管箫显得是那样悲凉，孤独。时光逝去，岁月不在，那“伤口流着血”，而又找谁诉述呢？如果，此时诗人只把箫固定在吹箫那个特定人身上，这章散文诗可能就会大打折扣。但诗人的高明之处就在于此：“屈原、李白、苏东坡，一代代人传下来的那条江，在流”。那么，是什么没有衰老？是箫声？不！是美丽的传说，是不老永恒的爱情。“穿紫衣的牧羊女，在寻觅失踪了的小哥哥。”这是凄婉的歌唱，述说不尽的爱情的歌唱。江水无情，而江水流淌的纯洁的爱有情。两千年了，“不知道吹箫人在哪里坐着……”，不知便是知，知便

张培基英译现代散文选1

张培基英译现代散文选1 1. Phrasal Expression & Words … amid(st) thunderous applause a bare subsistence A be characteristic of B = B be characterized by A A bend in a river / mountain A blind alley A brass drum 小铜鼓 A bygone age a clot of blood A cobbled path A confused mass of … A faint scent of A forgone conclusion 预料中的必然结局 A hired hand on contract A jumble of … 一大堆 A keen sense of A long-timer of Beijing A loose community of smaller family A man of profound learning A mere drop in the ocean A niche in the temple of fame A passing glance A philosophical approach to life a positive outcome A scene of poetic charm A sensation of blissfulness A speck of mud A ston e’s throw A trace / shade / tint/ sprinkle of … A Treasury of Best Chinese Prose 古文观止 A vast tract of land A virtuous man / a man of supreme virtue / moral integrity A widening expanse of water abandon … to fate Ache/agonize with pain Adjoining room admire sb for sth affected 做作 aim high amiable by nature Amuse one self by… = do … for fun Amusing episode an enlightened king An odd-jobber An opportune moment 合适时机 Ancestral home Approach senility aptly 恰如其分地 Art troupe 文工团 At a stretch/sitting At one ’s command at the present moment Avaricious desires 贪念 Bark up the wrong tree 攻击错了目标 bashful Bask in the sunshine Be ablaze/aglow with light be advanced in years be an encumbrance to … Be beset/troubled with/by Be blurred by … Be bogged down = be trapped Be bound up with …密切关联 be central/indispensable to sb. Be cooped up = be caged be deeply grieved to learn of … be distinguished by Be engrossed in … Be exquisite and nicely arranged be forever cherished / treasured Be hale and hearty Be havened from be humanly impossible Be imprinted/carved/engraved/ingrained on/upon … be in a fix Be instrumental in Be interwoven with 交织着 be irrelevant / foreign to Be keenly aware of be keyed up 紧张 Be led by the nose be of southern breed Be off and on be on an equal footing with … Be on the lips of … Be on the minds of.. be out to do … be overgrown with wild woods be packed with … Be plagued = annoyed = upset Be possessed Be possessed of be reconciled to … be reduced to be saddled with be sent to gallows Be short of/devoid of Be shrouded in = be covered in = be enveloped in Be sloppy in thinking Be strewn/covered/festooned with … Be stumped by = baffled Be tantamount to …= equal Be tinted / colored by … Be troubled / seized with … Be tucked away in … Be weaned 断奶 Be weighed down/ troubled with be wet with perspiration/… Be wide of / far from the mark 离谱 Be wild with excitement / joy Be worthy of … 无愧于 Beam = a big smile on face Bear a thin coating of … begin by degrees 逐渐开始 Beguile = while / idle / fritter away Bibliomania bicker Birds of a feather flock together Blackout: (战时)灯火管制 Blurt 脱口而出 bookish / pedantic / impractical view Border sth on the west boudoir 闺房 Bountiful free gifts Bow down to Brazenly claim / credit 厚颜无耻邀功 Break into uncontrolled sobs Brilliant talent burst with vitality Bury the hatchet Button up clothes By dint of 凭借 Capon Carcass: slaughtered animal for food Cavernous mouth Chant ancient Chinese books 诵读古籍 chicken-and-egg 因果难断的 Chit chat Click away the seconds Come dimly into sight Come out exceedingly well Come to pass 出现，发生 Come up against Come upon a windfall Come/be of age Confirmed = habitual Confirmed = habitual Congenial disposition 天性 convulsive sob cool one ’s heel Cordially

张培基英译现代散文选1

1 张培基英译现代散文选1 1. Phrasal Expression & Words … amid(st) thunderous applause a bare subsistence A be characteristic of B = B be characterized by A A bend in a river / mountain A blind alley A brass drum 小铜鼓 A bygone age a clot of blood A cobbled path A confused mass of … A faint scent of A forgone conclusion 预料中的必然结局 A hired hand on contract A jumble of … 一大堆 A keen sense of A long-timer of Beijing A loose community of smaller family A man of profound learning A mere drop in the ocean A niche in the temple of fame A passing glance A philosophical approach to life a positive outcome A scene of poetic charm A sensation of blissfulness A speck of mud A ston e’s throw A trace / shade / tint/ sprinkle of … A Treasury of Best Chinese Prose 古文观止 A vast tract of land A virtuous man / a man of supreme virtue / moral integrity A widening expanse of water abandon … to fate Ache/agonize with pain Adjoining room admire sb for sth affected 做作 aim high amiable by nature Amuse one self by… = do … for fun Amusing episode an enlightened king An odd-jobber An opportune moment 合适时机 Ancestral home Approach senility aptly 恰如其分地 Art troupe 文工团 At a stretch/sitting At one ’s command at the present moment Avaricious desires 贪念 Bark up the wrong tree 攻击错了目标 bashful Bask in the sunshine Be ablaze/aglow with light be advanced in years be an encumbrance to … Be beset/troubled with/by Be blurred by … Be bogged down = be trapped Be bound up with …密切关联 be central/indispensable to sb. Be cooped up = be caged be deeply grieved to learn of … be distinguished by Be engrossed in … Be exquisite and nicely arranged be forever cherished / treasured Be hale and hearty Be havened from be humanly impossible Be imprinted/carved/engraved/ingrained on/upon … be in a fix Be instrumental in Be interwoven with 交织着 be irrelevant / foreign to Be keenly aware of be keyed up 紧张 Be led by the nose be of southern breed Be off and on be on an equal footing with … Be on the lips of … Be on the minds of.. be out to do … be overgrown with wild woods be packed with … Be plagued = annoyed = upset Be possessed Be possessed of be reconciled to … be reduced to be saddled with be sent to gallows Be short of/devoid of Be shrouded in = be covered in = be enveloped in Be sloppy in thinking Be strewn/covered/festooned with … Be stumped by = baffled Be tantamount to …= equal Be tinted / colored by … Be troubled / seized with … Be tucked away in … Be weaned 断奶 Be weighed down/ troubled with be wet with perspiration/… Be wide of / far from the mark 离谱 Be wild with excitement / joy Be worthy of … 无愧于 Beam = a big smile on face Bear a thin coating of … begin by degrees 逐渐开始 Beguile = while / idle / fritter away Bibliomania bicker Birds of a feather flock together Blackout: (战时)灯火管制 Blurt 脱口而出 bookish / pedantic / impractical view Border sth on the west boudoir 闺房 Bountiful free gifts Bow down to Brazenly claim / credit 厚颜无耻邀功 Break into uncontrolled sobs Brilliant talent burst with vitality Bury the hatchet Button up clothes By dint of 凭借 Capon Carcass: slaughtered animal for food Cavernous mouth Chant ancient Chinese books 诵读古籍 chicken-and-egg 因果难断的 Chit chat Click away the seconds Come dimly into sight Come out exceedingly well Come to pass 出现，发生 Come up against Come upon a windfall Come/be of age