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上海市虹口区2017-2018学年度高三第一学期英语期终教学质量监控测试

虹口区2017-2018学年度高三第一学期期终教学质量监控测试2017.12

第I 卷(共100分)

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

How to deal with Whiners（抱怨不停的人）?

There are always some people radiating negativity in the work place. For them, the temperature is never right, the boss is always a fool, the canteen food is awful, and they (21) ______ (treat) unfairly.

Career experts say such habitual complainers are highly contagious(会蔓延的) , (22) ______ attitude can easily affect an entire team in a company. “While some complaints might be reasonable, (23) ______ are taken from thin air. You need to see between these different types and adopt the right strategy towards each,” said Li Ming, HR manager at Wal-Mart (China).

It is especially hard to deal with complaints at work (24) ______ you can’t just walk away or put your colleagues’ words out of mind. If you do, it will hurt your co-workers and you might be isolated. In a team-based company you belong to a group and need to behave accordingly. But d on’t show too much sympathy. Listening passively to others’ complaints could damage your image and give others the impression (25) ______ you agree with them. “Listen to the whiners actively,” said HR Li. “Help them find a solution, or see (26) ______ ther e are ways to improve the situation.”

Zhai Min, 24, a software engineer at Kingdee International Software Group in Shenzhen, found that 3 elderly workers liked to complain about everything, from (27) ______ (extend) working hours to cheap hotels on business trips. “I let them talk about their opinions,” she said, “They feel better when (28) ______ (tell) someone how they want things to be.”

But listening actively is far from enough. Wang Dianxue, 27, is an Internet engineer at Beijing Push Marcom Group. His co-workers always complain that their computer systems are not working properly. “I ask about the specifics and work together with them (29) ______ (fix) everything technically.” he said.

HR managers believe that when staffs complain, it is more a matter of recognition than an actual problem. “The real problem is that the whiners don’t feel they are being taken seriously,” said Xu Jun, HR manager at Guangqi Honda Automobile Co., Ltd. “(30) ______ (give) them advice or perspectives attentively and the probl em will usually disappear.”Section B

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there

peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our 31 , by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid 32 problems in the future.

Making ethical （伦理的）decisions is a(n) 33 part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can’t see the risks we’re taking, we can’t make responsible choices. To34 risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn’t know the rules about plagiarism(剽窃) may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as 35 . But the fact that such a violation is “unintentional” does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a 36 .

Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool themselves about the risks they’re taking by using excuses: “Everyone else does it,” “I’m not hurting anyone,” or “I really need this grade.” Excuses can get very co mplex: “I know I’m looking at another’s exam, even though I’m supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that’s not37 because I’m just checking my answers, not copying.” We must be honest about our actions, and38

excuses. If we fool ourselves into

39 we’re not doing anything wrong, we can’t see the real choice we’re making--and that leads to bad decisions. To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public, and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. Would you feel proud or

40 of your actions? If you’d rather hide your actions, that’s a good indication that you’re taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself.

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Migrant workers

In the past twenty years, there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another. While some newly independent countries have 41 most jobs to local people, others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers. This is particularly the 42 in the Middle East, where increased oil incomes have enabled many countries to 43 outsiders to improve local facilities. Thus the Middle East has attracted oil-workers from the USA and Europe. It has brought in construction workers and technicians from many countries, including South Korea and Japan.

In view of the 44 living and working conditions in the Middle East, surprising it is not that the pay is high to attract suitable workers. Many engineers and technicians can earn at least twice as much money in the Middle East as they can in their own country, and this is a 45 attraction. An allied (联合的) benefit is the low 46 or a complete lack of it. This 47 the amount of pay received by visiting workers and is very popular with them.

Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating (补偿的) advantage. 48 , the difficult living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to depend on each other for safety and comfort. 49 , many migrant workers can save large sum of money partly because of the lack of entertainment facilities. The work is often complex and full of problems but this merely presents greater

50 to engineers who prefer to find solutions to problems rather than do 51 work in their home country.

One major problem which affects migrant workers in the Middle East is that their jobs are

52 ones. They are nearly always on contract, so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence. This is to be 53 since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents. In any case, migrant workers accept this 54 , along with others, because of the 55 financial benefits which they receive.

41. A. presented B. devoted C. adapted D. restricted

42. A. style B. evidence C. case D. hint

43. A. call in B. bring up C. turn down D. help out

44. A. excellent B. difficult C. fair D. stable

45. A. casual B. familiar C. major D. final

46. A. consumption B. pressure C. competition D. taxation

47. A. occupies B. increases C. blocks D. protects

48. A. For example B. In particular C. By comparison D. In other words

49. A. Therefore B. Likewise C. Consequently D. However

50. A. agreement B. outcome C. prediction D. challenge

51. A. skillful B. vivid C. routine D. potential

52. A. temporary B. ordinary C. voluntary D. revolutionary

53. A. claimed B. criticized C. considered D. expected

54. A. sacrifice B. reminder C. disadvantage D. appreciation

55. A. limited B. considerable C. reasonable D. potential

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.

For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

Forty-three years ago, a man took a “small step” on the moon and brought mankind a “giant leap” forward. As the first person to walk on the moon, American astronaut Neil Armstrong is a man whose name will be remembered for generations to come.

But being the first is never easy. With so many unknowns about space at that time, Armstrong himself was surprised that Apollo 11 actually worked. He thought he and his partners had only a 50 percent chance of a successful landing back in 1969.

It was tough indeed. When the module (登月舱) was approaching the moon’s surface, the computer wanted to rest them on a steep slope covered with rocks, but Armstrong realized it was an unsafe place to stop.

As a last minute decision, he safely landed the module by himself. When they finally to uched the ground, “there was something like 20 seconds of fuel left,” he said in an interview earlier this year.

Unfortunately, some people doubted his visit to the moon, saying it was faked. But Armstrong responded with a chuckle (轻声笑), saying: “It was ne ver a concern to me because I knew one day, somebody was going to go fly back up there and pick up that camera I left.”

For all his global fame, Neil Armstrong is a remarkably modest man. He rarely gave interviews and didn’t like talking about his achievement. He stopped giving his signatures when he found that people sold them for thousands of dollars.

“I guess we all like to be recognized not for one piece of fireworks but for the ledger (记账簿) of our daily work,” Armstrong said in a CBS interview in 2005. When asked how he felt knowing his footprints would be likely to stay on the moon’s surface for thousands of years, he said: “I kind of hope that somebody goes up there one of these days and cleans them up.”

Armstrong passed away last month at the age of 82, but he will be remembered. “The next time you walk outside on a clear night and see the moon smiling down at you, think of Neil Armstrong and give him a wink (眨眼示意),” his family said to Reuters.

56. It can be inferred from the article that before his expedition to the moon, Armstrong ______.

A. was certain that Apollo 11 would work well

B. believed the module would land safely on the moon

C. had prepared himself to face possible failure

D. planned to land the module on the moon by himself

57. How did Armstrong respond when people doubted that he had been to the moon?

A. He was angry.

B. He was troubled by it.

C. He tried to find evidence that they were wrong.

D. He believed they would be proved wrong some day.

58. By saying “I guess we all like to be recognized not for one piece of fireworks but for the ledger of our daily work”, Armstrong meant that _______.

A. the more daily work you’ve done, the more easily you will be recognized

B. things that look spectacular are not as useful as ordinary successes

C. achieving greatness can make other successes feel less important

D. everyday’s hard work is more appreciated than one successful moment

59. Which of the following best describes Armstrong?

A. He was ambitious.

B. He tried to avoid the spotlight.

C. He balanced his life and work well.

D. He was talkative and loved telling jokes.

(B)

You may read the questions first.

Indian Heroes and Great Chieftains

The book mainly presents us with the American Indian leaders of the past. It features many profiles and biographies including Sitting Bull, Red Cloud, Little Crow and Lozen Quanah etc. written by author Charles Eastman, and I’m sure you will be interested in it.

60. Which of the following is NOT true about Crazy Horse?

A. He was friendly to his soldier.

B. He showed great courage.

C. He was a great talker.

D. He was respected.

61. From the passage we can infer that _______.

A. Sitting Bull disliked traveling

B. Indian Heroes was a book on Indian history

C. in the 1880s Indian soldiers were mainly armed with bows and arrows

D. in the 1850s Indian women were not allowed to ride horses

62. The main purpose of the passage is to _______.

Name: Sitting Bull Birth: 1831 Death: 12-15-1890 He was a great hero and is respected by many American Indians. In a 1997 documentary (纪录片) — The Great Tribes, he was known as a holy man, a composer of songs and an artist. Under him, the Sioux and Cheyenne Nations unified. He was advised to go on a European tour in 1887, but he turned it down to defend these two nations from being separated again. He led his people during years of resistance to United States government policies and was killed by Indian agency police on the Standing Rock Indian Reservation.

Name: Crazy Horse Birth: 1842 Death: 9-5-1877 Crazy Horse was a legendary warrior （勇士） and a gentle leader as well as a brave man who stood for the highest ideal of the Sioux, celebrated for his battle skills as well as his efforts to preserve Native American traditions and way of life. Resisting efforts to force the Sioux on to reservations, he fought alongside Sitting Bull and others in the American-Indian Wars. Charles Eastman described him in his book Indian Heroes as “a m an of deeds and not of words”.

Name: Red Cloud Birth: 1822 Death: 12-10-1909 He was against the movement of the white settlers into the Black Hills. In 1868, he refused to sign a treaty (条约), which stated that the Black Hills didn’t belong to people. The treaty also stated that these areas couldn’t be entered without the government’s permission. According to Eastman’s book Indian Heroes, he was said to have fought against the treaty, forcing the government to give in and pull out of the area.

Name: Lozen Quanah Birth: late 1840s Death: 1890 Known as the youngest sister of Red Cloud, she devoted herself to the people. She was described in Peter Aleshire’s Warrior Woman as a heroine good at riding horses and using a bow and arrow to drive attackers away. This skill was considered to be “one of the most honored skills among the Indians”.

A. show Indians’ lives to readers

B. describe great Indian heroes and heroines

C. show the history of the Indians

D. comment on a history book

(C)

Crude awakening

A battle between two energy exchanges

[1] OPEN-OUTCRY trading is supposed to be an odd, outdated practice, rapidly being replaced by sleeker, cheaper electronic systems. Try telling that to the New York Mercan tile Exchange (NYMEX), the world’s largest commodities exchange. On November 1st the NYMEX opened an open-outcry pit (公开叫价交易厅）in Dublin to handle Brent crude futures（布伦特原油期货）, the benchmark （基准）contract for pricing two-thirds of the world’s oil.

[2] The NYMEX is trying to grab liquidity from London’s International Petroleum Exchange (IPE), which trades the most Brent contracts; the New York exchange has so far concentrated on West Texas Intermediate, an American benchmark grade. The new pit is a response t o the IPE’s efforts to modernise. On the same day as NYMEX traders started shouting Brent prices in Dublin, the IPE did away with its morning open-outcry session: now such trades must be electronic, or done in the pit after lunch.

[3] The New York exchange claims that customers, such as hedge funds (对冲基金) or energy companies, prefer open-outcry because it allows for more liquidity. Although most other exchanges are heading in the opposite direction, in commodity markets such as the NYMEX, pressure from “locals”--self-employed traders--is helping to support open-outcry, although some think that customers pay up to five times as much as with electronic systems. Even the IPE has no plans to close its floor. Only last month it signed a rental agreement, lasting until 2017, for its trading floor in London.

[4] Dublin’s new pit is “showing promise”, says Rob Laughlin, a trader with Man Financial, despite a few technical glitches. On its first day it handled 5,726 lots of Brent (each lot, or contract, is 1,000 barrels), over a third of the volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session. By the year’s end, predicts Mr Laughlin, it should be clear whether the venture will be feasible. It would stand a better chance if it moved to London. It may yet: it started in Ireland because regulatory approval could be obtained faster there than in Britain.

[5] In the long run having both exchanges offering similar contracts will be unsustainable (不可持续的). Stealing liquidity from an established market leader, as the NYMEX is trying to do, is a hard task. Eurex, Europe’s largest futures exchange, set up shop in Chicago this year, intending to grab American Treasury-bond contracts from the Chicago Board of Trade. It has made little progress. And the NYMEX has tried to get Brent contracts before, without success.

[6] Given the importance of liquidity in exchanges, why do the IPE and the NYMEX not work together? There have been talks about cooperation before, and something might yet happen. Some say that the freewheeling NYMEX and the more serious IPE could never mix. For now, in any case, the two exchanges will compete until one has won --across the Irish Sea as well as across the Atlantic.

63. According to the text, the NYMEX and IPE are __________.

A. both using open outcry trading as a major trading form

B. partners that benefit each other in their business activities

C. rivals that are competing in the oil trading market

D. both taking efforts to modernize their trading practice

64. The word “glitches” in Line 2, Paragraph 4 most probably means __________.

A. backwardness

B. disappointments

C. engineers

D. problems

65. From Paragraph 4 we can infer that ______.

A. trading volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session is falling

B. London is a better business location for energy exchanges than Dublin

C. Britain’s regulators are less efficient than those of Ireland

D. the Dublin pit of the NYMEX will be more prosperous next year

66. We can draw a conclusion from the text that _______.

A. it’s very unlikely that the NYMEX and the IPE could combine their businesses

B. the NYMEX will fail in Ireland as many precedents have shown

C. the two energy exchanges will figure out a way to cooperate with each other

D. the market environment for both energy exchanges is getting better

Section C

Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be

organization’s activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keep s their interest in the work.

Let’s begin with the question of why people volunteer. 67 For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.

People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory (义务的) volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift people’s wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g., “I volunteer because it’s important to me”) to an external factor (e.g., “I volunteer because I’m required to do so”). When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. 68 Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question, researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. 69 The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with th e problem they do experience”.

Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role. 70 Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “V olunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.” Consistent with the researchers’ expectations, they found a positive relationship between the strength of role identity and the length o f time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again, lead to definite advice: “Once an individual begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity.... Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recog nized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity”.

IV. Summary Writing

Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Wilderness Therapy

When most people hear the term “psychotherapy”, they picture traditional talk therapy – someone sitting on a couch or chair talking about their troubling thoughts and feelings with a psychologist or other mental health professional. However, talk therapy isn’t the only type of psychotherapy used to help individuals struggling with depression, anxiety, and a whole host of other challenging disorders, emotional struggles, and other types of problems. In reality, therapy takes place in all kinds of settings. One of them is wilderness therapy.

When the campsite is set up and the fire is lit, the doctor is in. Wilderness therapy is a successful, and sometimes controversial (有争议的) way to help troubled youth by teaching life and social skills on the hiking trail. Intensive group therapy and one-on-one sessions are coupled with outdoor activities like mountain climbing and fly-fishing to teach self-reliance and responsibility. Programs promise to reform even the most wayward (任性的) of offenders, including teens with depression, anger management issues, or eating disorders.

While wilderness therapy can be effective, certain methods have come under fire for using unethical, and sometimes abusive (施虐的) techniques to help struggling youth. Wilderness programs are loosely regulated, so not all programs are staffed by qualified professionals. Upon closer examination, some “therapy” groups seemed to be just military-style boot camps with little mental health benefit.

Even legal wilderness therapy groups have been criticized for partnering with teen escort (陪同) companies to forcibly remove unwilling participants from their homes to attend the program. While controversy and risk exist, wilderness therapy might be a creative way to teach life skills when other methods have failed.

第II卷（共40分）

I. Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

1. 熬夜大大影响健康。(affect)

2. 等他明年回来，这个体育馆就建好了。(by the time)

3. 从长远来看，你的知识面越广，就越有能力应付工作中的问题。(capable)

4. 据信，过分溺爱孩子会不知不觉地造成孩子的坏脾气，甚至缺乏自理能力。(It)

II. Guided Writing

Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

假如你是李华，你的美国朋友（Stephen）来信说，要在圣诞节期间来沪旅游。他在网上选中了三个景点：外滩、豫园和东方明珠。他来信征求你的意见。请你根据自身经验，建议他舍弃其中的一个景点（要说明放弃理由）；并推荐一个新的景点供他参考（说明推荐理由）。

注意：作文中不得出现你本人的姓名、班级等真实信息。

虹口区2017学年度高三第一学期期终教学质量监控测试

语法：21 are treated 22. whose 23. others 24. because (since, as) 25. that

26. whether (if) 27. extended 28. telling 29. to fix 30. Give

词汇: 31-35 DKFIE 36-40 AGBCH

完形填空：41-45 DCABC 46-50 DBABD 51-55 CADCB

阅读理解：56-59: C D D B 60-62: C C B 63-66: C D B A

选句填空：67-70: F B E C

概要写作：

Wildness therapy is a kind of psychotherapy, which is a successful one with argument. It is aimed to reform youths in trouble by having them get involved in outdoor activities. It is criticized/blamed for some of its methods, lack of professional staff and not being mentally beneficial. However, it is a creative way to equip youths with life and social skills. (60ws)

翻译：

1. Staying up late affects one’s health greatly.

2. By the time he comes back next year, the stadium will have been set up.

3. In the long run, the wider range of knowledge you have, the more capable you are of dealing with the problems at work.

4. It is believed that spoiling children too much may unconsciously cause their bad temper, even the lack of ability to take care of themselves.

作文：

（略）

2018届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--阅读理解C篇-(带答案精准校对加强版)

III. Reading Comprehension Section B ( 22%) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (C) Open data-sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many researchers broadly agree that public access to raw data would accelerate science—because other scientists might be able to make advances not foreseen by the data's producers—most are reluctant to post the results of their own labours online. When Wolkovich, for instance, went hunting for the data from the 50 studies in her meta-analysis, only 8 data sets were available online, and many of the researchers whom she e-mailed refused to share their work. Forced to extract data from tables or figures in publications, Wolkovich's team could conduct only limited analyses. Some communities have agreed to share online—geneticists, for example, post DNA sequences at the GenBank repository(库), and astronomers are accustomed to accessing images of galaxies and stars from, say, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a telescope that has observed some 500 million objects –but these remain the exception, not the rule. Historically, scientists have objected to sharing for many reasons: it is a lot of work; until recently, good databases did not exist; grant funders were not pushing for sharing; it has been difficult to agree on standards for formatting data and the contextual information called metadata; and there is no agreed way to assign credit for data. But the barriers are disappearing in part because journals and funding agencies worldwide are encouraging scientists to make their data public. Last year, the Royal Society in London said in its report that scientists need to ‘shift away from a research culture where data is viewed as private preserve’. Funding agencies note that data paid for with public money should be public information, and the scientific community is recognizing that data can now be shared digitally in ways that were not possible before. To match the growing demand, services are springing up to make it easier to publish research products online and enable other researchers to discover and cite them. Although calls to share data often concentrate on the moral advantages of sharing, the

2 2018届普陀区高三英语一模(作文有范文)

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上海市虹口区2019届高三英语一模

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