MTI备考,外刊《经济学人》
外刊的语言积累在备考的过程中也是很有必要的，阅读外刊可以帮我们加强语感，同时在阅读的过程中也会学习他们的技巧，今天凯程陈老师给大家找了《经济学人》这本说的外刊好句，供大家参考。
外刊好句1：
原文：Public disagreement between Conservatives and Liberal Democrats at the heart of the coalition government, as well as a widespread belief among Tory MPs that Lib Dems are steering the ship, has made dissent seem more acceptable.
译文：保守党和自由民主党在联合政府的核心问题上公开不和，托利党议员也普遍认为自由民主党在掌舵，这就使异议看起来更可以接受。
读书笔记：
dissent [d?'sent]n. 异议；（大写）不信奉国教vi. 不一致，持异议；不信奉国教
Eg: No one dissents from the decision to unify.
无人对统一的决议持有异议。
外刊好句2：
原文：The plan is still preliminary.
译文：这仍是初步计划。
读书笔记：
preliminary [pr?'l?m?n(?)r?] adj. 初步的；开始的；预备的
Eg: A physical examination is a preliminary to joining the army.
体格检查是参军的初步。
外刊好句3：
原文：The long economic slump and the rising price of food and energy have already made life harder for the very poorest.
译文：漫长的经济衰退时期以及粮食和能源价格的不断上涨，使得贫困者的生活更加举步维艰。
读书笔记：
economic slump：经济衰退
slump [sl?mp]vi.
1.掉下；猛地掉下：
Eg：suddenly slump down to the floor
突然倒在地板上
2.弯下腰；弯着腰坐着(或行走等)：
Eg：Sit up straight. Don't slump !
坐直了，别垂头丧气的。
Eg：The old woman slumped in the sofa.
那个老妇人团坐在沙发上。
3.塌陷，倒塌：
Eg：The old house had slumped.
那所老屋坍塌了。
4.陷入(泥、雪等中)：
Eg：to slump into the mud
陷入泥潭
5.(经济等)衰落；(身体、质量等)变坏，下降；(价格等)暴跌：
Eg：The shop is slumping.
小店的经营一天不如一天。
Eg：His health slumped after a long illness.
久病之后，他的身体衰弱得很。
6.(精神等)消沉：
Eg：Don't slump. Brace up!
别灰心，振作起来!
vt.
1.使倒下；使弯垂：
Eg：to slump one's body in the bed
一头扎在床上
Eg：He slumped his back and took the boy in his arms. 他弯下腰，抱起了那个小男孩。
2.使衰落；使降低：
Eg：Drinking too much would slump your health.
饮酒过量有碍你的健康。
Eg：to slump the cost by automation
以自动化作业降低费用
经济学人精读
中文导读 外资风投：黯然离场？ 上世纪90年代开始,“copy to China”风潮涌起,外资在中国这块赚钱的风水宝地如鱼得水。 如今,中国市场的魅力依然吸引着众多外资入局,但他们日子并不好过。 中国本土孵化器遍地开花、本土企业不断崛起,对外资风投形成了强有力的挤压。 当下中国科技大爆发、政策逐渐健全,“copy from China”的时代已经开启。未来,外资还会青睐中国市场吗？ less where that came from 与文章最后一句呼应,改用习语More Where that Came from:A greater number of similar things can be pro-vided in the future 陆续有来 skittish adj.not very serious and with ideas and feelings that keep changing 轻浮的;易变的;反复无常的 venture capitalist n.someone who makes money by investing in high risk projects 风险投资者 demo (=demostration)n.an act of showing or explaining how sth works or is done 示范;示范表演;演示 Y Combinator 美国著名创业孵化器,Y Combinator 扶持初创企业并为其提供创业指南 startup n.a small business that has recently been started by someone 新创办的小公司 vie (with sb)(for sth)与某人争夺某物SYN contend with sb for sth high-profile adj.receiving or involving a lot of attention and discus-sion on television,in newspapers,etc.经常出镜/见报的;高姿态的 accelerator a company that helps new companies get started by giving them such things as office space,legal help and marketing services in exchange for payment 企业加速器/孵化器SYN incubator the like of sb/sth (also sb’s/sth’s like )something similar to someone or a particular person or thing,or of equal importance or value 像某人(物)一样的人/物SYN equivalent ,match Dropbox 一款网络文件同步工具,提供在线存储服务,类似于百度云pull out of to move away from sth or stop being involved in it 脱离,退出 nurture v.to help sb/sth to develop and be successful 扶持;帮助;支持SYN foster It’s important to nurture a good working relationship.维持良好的工作关系非常重要。 localised adj.地方化的,本土化的incarnation n.化身,代表 in the context of 在?情况下;在?背景下 rift a serious disagreement between people that stops their relation- ship from continuing 分裂;分歧;严重不和SYN rupture ominous suggesting that sth bad is going to happen in the future 预兆的;恶兆的;不吉利的SYN foreboding By China,For China,Of China 建于中国、为了中国、属于中国,陆奇加入YC 时提的条件 arm a section of a large organization that deals with one particular activity 分部;职能部门 at odds with to be different from sth,when the two things should be the same (与?)有差异,相矛盾SYN conflict with venture capital money that is invested in a new company to help it develop,which may involve a lot of risk 风险资本(投入新公司的资金,风险很大) red-hot adj.new,exciting and of great interest to people 热门的,火爆的SYN sizzling operation n.a business organization;a company 商业机构;公司 Sand Hill Road 沙山路,硅谷一个普通地名,被称为“西海岸华尔街”,上百家声名如雷贯耳的风险投资公司在这里汇集,与华尔街不同,这里以投资高新技术产业为主 heavyweight n.a very important person,organization or thing that influences others 有影响力的人(或组织、事物)covet v.to want sth very much,especially sth that belongs to sb else 渴望;贪求(尤指别人的东西);觊觎 exchange n.a building where business people met in the past to buy and sell a particular type of goods 交易所 Investing in Chinese technology Less where that came from Homegrown rivals and skittish American investors are making life harder for foreign venture capitalists in China T HE FIRST “demo day”in Beijing last November of Y Combinator (YC)hosted two dozen local startups vying for the attention of high-profile investors.It marked the entrance into China of Silicon Valley’s most famous accelerator ,which has helped launch the likes of Airbnb and Dropbox .Then,days later,YC abruptly announced it was pulling out of the country. In a statement YC said that it was returning,under a new boss,to in- vesting in startups from its Californian base.Its Chinese startups will be nurtured by MiraclePlus,YC China’s new,fully localised incarna- tion .Yet in the context of a deepening Sino-American rift ,the retreat looks ominous .“Under the current global environment,to realise our mission—By China,For China,Of China —we must have the ability to master our own destiny,”wrote MiraclePlus in a social-media post,citing Lu Qi,its boss,whom YC had hired to set up its Chinese arm in 2018.(Mr Lu declined to be interviewed for this article.) At first glance,YC’s fate seems at odds with the broader health of foreign venture capital (VC)in China,with its red-hot tech indus-try.The Chinese operations of Sand Hill Road heavyweights such as Lightspeed Venture Partners and Sequoia Capital—whose fifth Chinese growth-stage fund raised $1.8bn,twice as much as its last—are thriv-ing.Chinese founders have coveted attention from foreign funds,seen as the best route to listing on American exchanges and keener than Chinese counterparts to back ideas that take longer to make money.
经济学人杂志
经济学人杂志 Suga Yoshihide became Japan’s 99th prime minister. He won the leadership of the Liberal Democratic Party with 377 votes of a possible535, following Abe Shinzo’s resignation due to ill health in August. Mr. Suga, who served as Mr. Abe’s chief cabinet secretary, has promised continuity. But his background and stated priorities suggest a narrower focus on the economy。 菅义伟成为日本第99届首相。在安倍晋三八月份由于生病离职之后，他赢得了自由民主党535票中377票，从而获得领导权。菅义伟先生（曾经作为安倍晋三的内阁官房长官）承诺继续安倍的政策。但是他的背景和陈述出来的施政的优先权显示他对经济的聚焦将会减弱。 Thailand became the first South-East Asian country to lose tourism restrictions introduced during the pandemic. Visitors who agree to a14-day quarantine and a minimum stay will be allowed to enter. Malaysia’s prime minister, by contrast, said he would tighten controls at borders. Singapore will give all adult residents vouchers worth S$100 ($73) to spend on local hotels and sights.
《经济学人》科技类文章整合
Autism? 自闭症 Why it's not “Rain Woman”? 为什么它不是“雨女” Women have fewer cognitive disorders than men do because their bodies are better at ignoring the mutations which cause them? 与男性相比，患有认知障碍的女性较少，因为她们自身的身体能更好的忽略导致认知障碍的基因突变 AUTISM is a strange condition. Sometimes its symptoms of “social blindness”(an inability to read or comprehend the emotions of others) occur alone. This is dubbed high-functioning autism, or Asperger's syndrome. Though their fellow men and women may regard them as a bit odd, high-functioning autists are often successful (sometimes very successful) members of society. On other occasions, though, autism manifests as part of a range of cognitive problems. Then, the condition is debilitating. What is common to those on all parts of the so-called autistic spectrum is that they are more often men than women —so much more often that one school of thought suggests autism is an extreme manifestation of what it means, mentally, to be male. Boys are four times more likely to be diagnosed with autism than girls are. For high-functioning autism, the ratio is seven to one.?
TheEconomist《经济学人》常用
1、绝对优势（Absolute advantage） 如果一个国家用一单位资源生产的某种产品比另一个国家多，那么，这个国家在这种产品的生产上与另一国相比就具有绝对优势。 2、逆向选择（Adverse choice） 在此状况下，保险公司发现它们的客户中有太大的一部分来自高风险群体。 3、选择成本（Alternative cost） 如果以最好的另一种方式使用的某种资源，它所能生产的价值就是选择成本，也可以称之为机会成本。 4、需求的弧弹性（Arc elasticity of demand） 如果P1和Q1分别是价格和需求量的初始值，P2 和Q2 为第二组值，那么，弧弹性就等于 -（Q1-Q2）（P1＋P2）/（P1-P2）（Q1＋Q2） 5、非对称的信息（Asymmetric information） 在某些市场中，每个参与者拥有的信息并不相同。例如，在旧车市场上，有关旧车质量的信息，卖者通常要比潜在的买者知道得多。 6、平均成本（Average cost） 平均成本是总成本除以产量。也称为平均总成本。 7、平均固定成本( Average fixed cost） 平均固定成本是总固定成本除以产量。 8、平均产品（Average product） 平均产品是总产量除以投入品的数量。 9、平均可变成本（Average variable cost） 平均可变成本是总可变成本除以产量。 10、投资的β(Beta） β度量的是与投资相联的不可分散的风险。对于一种股票而言，它表示所有现行股票的收益发生变化时，一种股票的收益会如何敏感地变化。11、债券收益(Bond yield） 债券收益是债券所获得的利率。 12、收支平衡图（Break－even chart） 收支平衡图表示一种产品所出售的总数量改变时总收 益和总成本是如何变化的。收支平衡点是为避免损失而 必须卖出的最小数量。 13、预算线(Budget line） 预算线表示消费者所能购买的商品X和商品Y的数量的 全部组合。它的斜率等于商品X的价格除以商品Y的价 格再乘以一1。 14、捆绑销售（Bundling） 捆绑销售指这样一种市场营销手段，出售两种产品的厂 商，要求购买其中一种产品的客户，也要购买另一种产 品。 15、资本（Capital） 资本是指用于生产、销售及商品和服务分配的设备、厂 房、存货、原材料和其他非人力生产资源。 16、资本收益（Capital gain） 资本收益是指人们卖出股票（或其他资产）时所获得的 超过原来为它支付的那一部分。 17、资本主义（Capitalism） 资本主义是一种市场体系，它依赖价格体系去解决基本 的经济问题：生产什么？如何生产？怎样分配？经济增 长率应为多少？ 18、基数效用(Cardinal utility） 基数效用是指像个人的体重或身高那样在基数的意义 上可以度量的效用（它意味着效用之间的差别，即边际 效用，是有意义的）。序数效用与它相反，它只在序数 的层面上才有意义。 19、卡特尔（Cartel） 卡特尔是指厂商之间为了合谋而签订公开和正式协议 这样一种市场结构形态。 20、科布一道格拉斯生产函数（Cobb-Douglas production function） 科布一道格拉斯生产函数是指这样的生产函数 Q=AL"IK"2 Mi3。式中，Q为产量；L为劳动的数量；K为资本的数 量；M为原材料的数量；A，31，12，23均为常数。 21、勾结（Collision） 勾结是指一个厂商和同业内其他的厂商签订有关价格、 产量和其他事宜的协议。 22、比较优势（Comparative advantage） 如果与生产其他商品的成本相比，一个国家生产的某种 产品的成本比另一个国家低，那么，该国就在这种商品 的生产上与另一个国家相比具有比较优势。 23、互补品（Complements） 如果X和Y是互补品，X的需求量就与Y的价格成反向 变化。 24、成本不变行业（Constant-cost industry） 成本不变的行业是指具有水平的长期供给曲线的行业， 它的扩大并不会引起投入品价格的上升或下降。 25、规模收益不变（Constant returns to scale） 如果所有投入品的数量都以相同的百分数增加，并导致 产量也以相同的百分数增加，就是规模收益不变的。 26、消费者剩余（Consumer surplus） 消费者剩余是指消费者愿意为某种商品或服务所支付 的最大数量与他实际支付的数量之差。 27、可竞争市场（Contestable market） 可竞争市场是指那种进入完全自由以及退出没有成本 的市场。可竞争市场的本质在于它们很容易受到打了就 1
经济学人科技类文章中英双语
The Brain Activity Map 绘制大脑活动地图 Hard cell 棘手的细胞 An ambitious project to map the brain is in the works. Possibly too ambitious 一个绘制大脑活动地图的宏伟计划正在准备当中，或许有些太宏伟了 NEWS of what protagonists hope will be America’s next big science project continues to dribble out. 有关其发起人心中下一个科学大工程的新闻报道层出不穷。 A leak to the New York Times, published on February 17th, let the cat out of the bag, with a report that Barack Obama’s administration is thinking of sponsoring what will be known as the Brain Activity Map. 2月17日，《纽约时报》刊登的一位线人报告终于泄露了秘密，报告称奥巴马政府正在考虑赞助将被称为“大脑活动地图”的计划。 And on March 7th several of those protagonists published a manifesto for the project in Science. 3月7日，部分发起人在《科学》杂志上发表声明证实了这一计划。 The purpose of BAM is to change the scale at which the brain is understood. “大脑活动地图”计划的目标是改变人们在认知大脑时采用的度量方法。 At the moment, neuroscience operates at two disconnected levels. 眼下，神经学的研究处在两个断开的层次。 The higher one, where the dimensions of features are measured in centimetres, has many techniques at its disposal, notably functional magnetic-res onance imaging, which measures changes in tissues’ fuel consumption. 在相对宏观的层次当中各个特征的规模用厘米来衡量，有很多技术可以使用，尤其是用来测量组织中能量消耗变动情况的核磁共振成像技术。 This lets researchers see which bits of the brain are active in particular tasks—as long as those tasks can be performed by a person lying down inside a scanner. 该技术可使研究人员找出在完成具体的任务时，大脑的哪些部分处于活跃状态。At the other end of the scale, where features are measured in microns, lots of research has been done on how individual nerve cells work, how messages are sent from one to another, and how the connections between cells strengthen and weaken as memories are formed. 而另一个度量的层次则要求用微米来测量各种特征，这一层次的研究很多都是关于单个神经细胞是如何工作的、信息在神经细胞之间是如何传递的以及当产生记忆的时候神经细胞之间的联系是如何得到加强和减弱的。 Between these two, though, all is darkness. 然而，位于这两个层次之间的研究还处于一片漆黑当中。 It is like trying to navigate America with an atlas that shows the states, the big cities and the main highways, and has a few street maps of local neighbourhoods, but displays nothing in between.
GMAT备考：《经济学人》The Economist常用词汇总结(8)完整篇.doc
GMAT备考：《经济学人》The Economist 常用词汇总结(8) 141、富有价格弹性(Price elastic) 如果需求的价格弹性大于1，那么商品的需求就是富有价格弹性。 142、需求的价格弹性(Price elasticity of demand) 需求的价格弹性是指价格变化1%导致的需求量变化的百分比(习惯上通常以正数表示)。 143、供给的价格弹性(Price elasticity of supply) 供给的价格弹性是指价格变化1%导致的供给量变化的百分比。 144、最低限价(Price floor) 最低限价是指政府对某种商品所规定的。例如，联邦农业计划规定了小麦和玉米的。 145、缺乏价格弹性(Price inelastic) 如果需求的价格弹性小于1，那么商品的需求就是缺乏价格弹性。 146、价格( Price leader) 价格是指在寡头垄断的行业中制定价格并且其他厂商愿意
跟随的厂商。 147、价格系统(Price system) 在价格系统下，商品和服务都有一个价格，在纯粹的资本主义经济中价格执行一个经济系统的基本职能(决定生产什么、怎样生产、每个人应该得到多少以及一个国家的增长率应该是多少)。 148、委托--代理问题(Principal-agent problem) 由于经理或工人可能会追求自己的目标，即便这样做会减少企业所有者的利润，从而导致了委托--代理问题。经理或工人是为所有者工作的代理人，所有者是委托人。 149、囚犯困境(Prisoner`s dilemma) 囚犯困境是指这样一种情形，此时两个人(或厂商)合作要比不合作好，但是每个人都觉得不合作符合他的利益，因此每个人的状况都要坏于如果他们合作时的境况。 150、私人成本(Private cost) 私人成本是指单个使用者为了能够使用某一资源而带来的费用。
比特币原文+译文(来自经济学人)
18Bitcoin’s future比特币的未来 Hidden flipside另一面；反面隐藏的另一面 How the crypto-currency could become the internet of money 加密货币是怎样变成互联网货币的 Mar 15th 2014 | From the print edition Bitcoin: the original 比特币的由来 1.THE father has been found in time for 及时赶上his child’s funeral. That would appear to be 似乎是，仿佛，显示为the sorry 遗憾的state of affairs 事态，状态，情况好坏in the land of Bitcoin, a crypto-currency, if recent press coverage 新闻报道is to be believed. On March 6th Newsweek新闻周刊（美国一杂志）reported that it had足迹，踪迹tracked down 追踪Satoshi Nakamoto,中本聪Bitcoin’s elusive [?'l(j)u?s?v]难以捉摸的creator. And on March 11th Mt Gox, the Japanese online exchange 交易所，交换，交流，兑换that had long dominated控制；支配；占优势；在…中占主要地位the trade in the currency before losing $490m of customers’Bitcoins at today’s prices, once more再一次，重新filed 提出for 再一次申请bankruptcy protection, this time in America. “父亲奔赴孩子的葬礼。”如果最近的新闻报道属实的话，那似乎会是比特币领域很遗憾的情况。3月6日，据《新闻周刊》报道，业已追踪到比特币发明人中本聪的踪迹，此人难以捉摸。日本的在线交易所Mt Gox长期以来一直是比特币行业的佼佼者，而如今，这一平台4.9亿客户的比特币被盗，于是，3月11日Mt Gox又在向美国申请破产保护。 2.In reality, things are rather different. Evidence证据，证明；迹象；明显is mounting 增加；爬上that Dorian Satoshi Nakamoto, whom Newsweek identified as Bitcoin’s father, is not the relevant Satoshi. More importantly, Bitcoin’s best days 得意时代；全盛时代may still be ahead of优于，超过it—if not as a fully fledged成熟的；快会飞的；羽毛丰满的currency, then as a platform for financial innovation金融创新. Much as虽然，尽管（表让步）；非常像，和…几乎一样the internet is a foundation for digital services数字化服务, the technology behind Bitcoin could support a revolution革命in the way people own and pay for things. Geeks极客，专业人士of all sorts各种各样的are getting excited—including a growing number of 越来越多的venture capitalists,风险投资家，风险资本家who know a new platform when they see one. 事实上，一切都是迥然不同的。不断增加的证据表明《新闻周刊》的报道是错的，多利安-蒲伦蒂斯-中本聪(Dorian Prentice Satoshi Nakamoto)和比特币之父中本聪并不是同一个人。更重要的是，如果比特币没有作为一种完全成熟的货币，而是作为金融创新的平台，那么达到比特币的全盛时代依然任重而道远。如同互联网是数字化服务的基石一样，比特币背后的科技可以引领一场革命，而这场革命可以改变买方和卖方的交易方式。各路极客们都异常兴奋，其中不乏渐多大批风险资本家，一旦一个新平台出现，这些人就会对其了如指掌。 3.To understand the enthusiasm in this modern currency, it helps to think about a very old one. Until the early 20th century the people on Yap,[j?p]雅浦岛an island in the Pacific Ocean,太平洋used large stone disks 圆盘，磁盘(pictured) as money货币，钱，钱币for big expenses, 开支；消费；损失，代价such as a daughter’s dowry.嫁妆，陪嫁，天资Being very heavy, they were rarely 很少地；难得；罕有地moved when spent. Instead, they simply changed owners. Every
经济学人
China in Laos Busted flush How a Sino-Lao special economic zone hit the skids May 26th 2011 | BOTEN, LAOS | from the print edition ?Tweet ? Soon all this will be jungle again AT HOME and abroad, China is a byword for fast-track development, where yesterday’s paddy field is tomorrow’s factory, highway or hotel. Less noticed is that such development can just as quickly go into reverse. Golden City, in Boten, just over the border from China in tiny Laos, is a case in point. When a Hong Kong-registered company signed a 30-year, renewable lease with the Lao government in 2003 to set up a 1,640-hectare special economic zone built with mainland money and expertise, Golden City was touted as a
如何看出老板在撒谎 经济学人杂志 双语阅读 Economist How to tell when your boss is lying
Economist 英汉双语阅读“经济学人”杂志 2010年8月19日 正文: Corporate psychology How to tell when your boss is lying It's not just that his lips are moving Aug 19th 2010 “ASSHOLE!” That was what Jeff Skilling, the boss of Enron, called an investor who challenged his rosy account of his firm’s financial health. Other bosses usually give less obvious clues that they are lying. Happily, a new study reveals what those clues are. David Larcker and Anastasia Zakolyukina of Stanford’s Graduate School of Business analysed the transcripts of nearly 30,000 conference calls by American chief executives and chief financial officers between 2003 and 2007. They noted each boss’s choice o f words, and how he delivered them. They drew on psychological studies that show how people speak differently when they are fibbing, testing whether these “tells” were more common during calls to discuss profits that were later “materially restated”, as th e euphemism goes. They published their findings in a paper called “Detecting Deceptive Discussions in Conference Calls”. Deceptive bosses, it transpires, tend to make more references to general knowledge (“as you know…”), and refer less to shareholder valu e (perhaps to minimise the risk of a lawsuit, the authors hypothesise). They also use fewer “non-extreme positive emotion words”. That is, instead of describing something as “good”, they call it “fantastic”. The aim is to “sound more persuasive” while talk ing horsefeathers.
2020考研英语《经济学人》常用词汇(4)-考研辅导
2020考研英语《经济学人》常用词汇（4）【导语】当你真正想完成一件事时，根本不会在意别人是否看到。备考漫漫长路，冠珠教育和你一起默默地走下去。以下是2020考研英语《经济学人》常用词汇，一起来看看吧！ 1、自由资源(Freeresource) 自由资源是指特别富裕以致在零价格就可以获得的资源。 2、一般均衡分析(Generalequilibriumanalysis) 一般均衡分析是指(与局部均衡分析相反)把各种市场和价格的相互作用都考虑进去的分析。 3、吉芬反论(Giffen`sparadox) 吉芬反论是指商品的需求量与价格成正向关系这样一种状况。当劣质商品价格的替代效应并不足以抵消收人效应时就会发生这样的情况。 4、隐成本(Implicitcost) 使用企业所有者拥有的资源(诸如他的时间与资本)的选择成本就是隐成本。 5、收入补偿的需求曲线(Income-compensateddemandcurve) 收入补偿的需求曲线表示，当消费者的收入调整到不论价格如何都可以购买最初的市场篮子，这时在每一种价格下消费者所需求的商品的数量有多少。 6、收入--消费曲线(Income-consumptioncurve) 收入一消费曲线是把代表与全部可能的消费者货币收入相应的
均衡市场篮子的点连接而成的一条曲线。这种曲线可以用于推导恩格尔曲线。 7、收人效应(Incomeeffect) 收入效应是指，所有价格不变时完全由于消费者满足水平的变化所引起的商品X的需求量的改变。 8、需求的收入弹性(incomeelasticityofdemand) 需求的收入弹性是指，当价格保持不变时消费者收入发生1%的变化时，所引起的需求数量变化的百分比。 9、成本递增的产业(Increasing-costindustry) 成本递增的行业是指具有向上倾斜的长期供给曲线的行业，它的扩大会引起投入品价格的上升。 10、规模收益递增(increasingreturnstoscale) 如果所有投入品的数量都以相同的百分数增加，并导致产量增加的百分数大于该百分数，就是规模收益递增的。 11、无差异曲线(Indifferencecurve) 无差异曲线表示对消费者没有区别的市场篮子的点的轨迹。 12、劣质商品(Inferiorgood) 劣质商品是指其收入效应使得实际收人增加导致需求量减少的商品。 13、创新(Innovation) 当一项发明第一次使用时，我们称之为创新。 14、投人品(Input)
0113期经济学人第一篇The digital proletariat
Free exchange 自由交易 The digital proletariat 数字无产阶级（无产阶级，不占有生产资料的阶级，这里意思我们产生数据，却无偿的交由互联网公司使用） 导读： Economists propose a radical solution to the problems posed byartificial intelligence 经济学家提出了一个彻底解决人工智能相关问题的方法。 正文： YOUhave multiple jobs, whetheryouknowitornot. 不管你有没有意识到，你身上都有多种生意。 Most begin first thing in the morning, when you pick up your phoneand begin generatingthe data thatmake up Silicon Valley’smost importantresource. 大多数生意在早晨开始，你拿起手机时就开始产生了数据。这些数据组成了硅谷最重要的资源 That, atleast, ishowwe oughtto think aboutthe role ofdata-creation in the economy, according to a fascinating new economics paper. 至少，这就是我们应该思考的：数据创造在经济里扮演怎样的角色，这是根据一篇很有吸引力的新经济文章提到的。
We are all digital labourers, helpingmake possible the fortunes generated by firms like Google andFacebook, the authors argue. 其中作者认为，我们就是所有数字的劳工，帮助像谷歌和脸书这样的公司创造财富。（fortunes命运，幸运，富有）Ifthe economy is to function properlyin the future—and ifa crisisoftechnological unemployment isto be avoided—we musttake accountofthis, and change the relationship between biginternetcompaniesand theirusers. 在未来经济运转良好的情况下，如果想要避免工业发展带来的失业危机，我们必须着眼于这件事情，并且改变大型互联网公司和他们用户之间的关系。 Artificial intelligence (AI) is getting better all the time, and stands poised totransform a host of industries, say the authors 作者说，人工智能势头一直越来越好，势必（准备）改变一大批工业。 But, in orderto learn to drive a carorrecognize a face, the algorithmsthatmake clever machines tick（滴答，拟声词，表示机器运作）mustusuallybe trained on massive amountsofdata. 但是，为了做到自动驾驶和人脸识别（主语是AI），使智能机器运作的法则必须经常用非常大量的数据进行测试。Internetfirms gather these data from users every time they click on aGoogle search result, say, orissue a command to Alexa.