《陈书·列传第四-程灵洗传》阅读试题答案及翻译译文

《陈书·列传第四|程灵洗传》阅读试题答案及翻译译文《陈书·列传第四|程灵洗传》阅读试题答案及翻译译文

程灵洗，字玄涤，新安海宁人也。少以勇力闻，步行日二百余里，便骑善游。梁末，海宁、黟、歙等县及鄱阳、宣城郡界多盗贼，近县苦之。灵洗素为乡里所畏伏，前后守长恒使召募少年，逐捕劫盗。

侯景之乱，灵洗聚徒据黟、歙以拒景。景军据有新安，新安太守湘西乡侯萧隐奔依灵洗，灵洗奉以主盟。梁元帝于荆州承制，又遣使间道奉表。刘神茂自东阳建义拒贼，灵洗攻下新安，与神茂相应。神茂为景所破，景偏帅吕子荣进攻新安，灵洗退保黟、歙。及景败，子荣退走，灵洗复据新安。进军建德，擒贼帅赵桑乾。

仍令灵洗率所部下扬州，助王僧辩镇防。迁吴兴太守，未行。绍泰元年，授使持节、信武将军、兰陵太守，助防京口。

随周文育西讨王琳，于沌口败绩，为琳所拘。明年，与侯安都等逃归。高祖崩，王琳前军东下，灵洗于南陵破之，虏其兵士，并获青龙十余乘。侯瑱等败王琳于栅口，灵洗乘胜逐北，据有鲁山。

天嘉四年，周迪重寇临川，以灵洗为都督，自鄱阳别道击之，迪又走山谷间。华皎之反也，遣使招诱灵洗，灵洗斩皎使，以状闻。朝廷深嘉其忠，增其守备，给鼓吹一部，因推心待之，使其子文季领水军助防。是时周遣其将长胡公拓跋定率步骑二万助皎攻围灵洗，灵洗婴城固守。及皎退，乃出军蹑定，定不获济江，以其众降。因进攻周沔州，克之，擒其刺史裴宽。

灵洗性严急，御下甚苛刻，士卒有小罪，必以军法诛之，造次之间，便加捶挞，而号令分明，与士卒同甘苦，众亦以此依附。性好播植，躬勤耕稼，至于水陆所宜，刈获早晚，虽老农不能及也。光大二年，卒于州，时年五十五。

(选自《陈书·列传第四》，有删节)

4．对下列句子中加点词语的解释，不正确的一项是(3分)()

A．近县苦之苦：以……为苦

B．灵洗乘胜逐北北：向北

C．周迪重寇临川寇：侵犯

D．因进攻周沔州，克之克：战胜，攻破

5．下列六句话，分别编为四组，全都表现程灵洗“战功”的一组是(3分)() ①刘神茂自东阳建义拒贼，灵洗攻下新安②景偏帅吕子荣进攻新安，灵洗退保黟、歙

③增其守备，给鼓吹一部④灵洗于南陵破之，虏其兵士

⑤进军建德，擒贼帅赵桑乾⑥士卒有小罪，必以军法诛之

A．①③⑤B．②④⑥C．①④⑤D．②③⑥

6．下列对原文有关内容的理解和分析，不正确的一项是(3分)() A．程灵洗年少时勇猛有力，闻名远近，擅长步走和骑术，后来当海宁、黟、歙等地出现盗贼之患时为官府重用。

B．侯景叛乱，程灵洗聚集众人守卫黟、歙两地，抗拒侯景叛军；新安太守萧隐投靠他，程灵洗被尊奉为抗拒侯景的盟主。

C．程灵洗曾随周文育讨伐王琳，但战败被王琳所拘，后成功脱逃，在南陵打败王琳前军，并在侯瑱等打败王琳后，乘胜占据鲁山。

D．程灵洗性情严厉急躁，对待下属非常苛刻，但因他赏罚分明，能与士卒同甘共苦，大家都依顺归附他。

7．把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。(10分)

(1)灵洗素为乡里所畏伏，前后守长恒使召募少年，逐捕劫盗。(3分)

(2)华皎之反也，遣使招诱灵洗，灵洗斩皎使，以状闻。(3分)

(3)至于水陆所宜，刈获早晚，虽老农不能及也。(4分)

4．B/北，应为“败军”的意思。

5．C/②非灵洗战功；③是朝廷对程灵洗忠心的奖励；⑥表明程灵洗对部下严苛，非战功。

6．B/应是尊奉萧隐做盟主。

7．(1)程灵洗一向被乡里人敬畏，前后几任守长常常派他招募年轻人，驱逐拘捕窃贼强盗。(“为……所”“恒”“逐”各1分)

(2)华皎反叛，派使者招引诱惑程灵洗，程灵洗斩杀华皎的使者，并且把这件事报告给朝廷。(“招诱”“以状”“闻”各1分)

(3)至于水田旱地所适宜栽种的庄稼，收获时令的早晚，即使老农也比不上他。(“所宜”“刈获”“虽”“及”各1分)

【参考译文】

程灵洗字玄涤，新安海宁人。年轻时以骁勇有力闻名，一日能步行二百多里，熟悉骑马善于游泳。梁朝末年，海宁、黟、歙等县和鄱阳、

宣城郡边界上多有盗贼，邻近各县深受其苦。程灵洗一向被乡里人敬畏，前后几任守长常常派他招募年轻人，驱逐拘捕窃贼强盗。

侯景作乱时，程灵洗聚集众人据守黟县、歙县抵御侯景。侯景的叛军攻占了新安，新安太守湘西乡侯萧隐奔逃投靠程灵洗，程灵洗尊奉他主持抗侯联盟。梁元帝在荆州登上皇位，程灵洗派使者从偏僻小路到荆州上表致意。刘神茂在东阳树起义军旗帜抗御贼寇，程灵洗攻下新安，与刘神茂相呼应。神茂被侯景打败，侯景的偏军之帅吕子荣进攻新安，程灵洗退守黟县、歙县。到侯景失败，吕子荣退走，程灵洗又进据新安。进军到建德，擒获贼帅赵桑乾。

随后(朝廷)命令程灵洗率领部属攻下扬州，协助王僧辩镇守防御。又升任吴兴太守，但没有上任。绍泰元年，任命他为使持节、信武将军、兰陵太守，协助防京口。

程灵洗随周文育西讨王琳，在沌口大败，被王琳拘禁。第二年，与侯安都等逃回。高祖去世，王琳的前军东下，程灵洗在南陵打垮了他们，俘虏了他的士兵，并且缴获了青龙船舰十余艘。侯瑱等在栅口击败了王琳，程灵洗乘胜追逐败敌，进据鲁山。

天嘉四年，周迪第二次进犯临川，天子任程灵洗为都督，从鄱阳的另一条道进击，周迪又从山谷间逃走了。华皎反叛，派使者招引诱惑程灵洗，程灵洗斩杀华皎的使者，并且把这件事报告给朝廷。朝廷十分赞赏他的忠心，增强了他的防备兵力，赏给他鼓吹乐队一部，于是推心置腹地对待他，又派他的儿子程文季率领水军协助防守。这时周迪

派遣将领长胡公拓跋定率领步兵骑兵二万人援助华皎进攻围困程灵洗，程灵洗环城固守。等到华皎退走了，程灵洗就出兵暗中追击拓跋定，拓跋定过不了江，只好率领部属投降。程灵洗于是进攻周的沔州，攻取并活捉了该州刺史裴宽。

程灵洗性情严厉急躁，管理部下非常苛刻，士卒有点小罪，一定按军法惩治，鲁莽情急的时候，便用鞭棍抽打，但却号令分明，与士卒同甘共苦，所以部属也因此而依顺归附他。程灵洗生性喜欢播种栽植，亲自耕田种地，至于水田旱地所适宜栽种的庄稼，收获时令的早晚，即使老农也比不上他。光大二年逝世在州任上，时年五十五岁。

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专八翻译二

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