初二英语期中复习资料

初二英语期中复习资料

一、重点词汇解析：

1、get, arrive, reach三者均可表示“到达”，区别如下：

arrive和get 都是不及物动词，前者较正式，后者则较口语化。两者之后均不可接宾语，但可接 here, there, home 之类的表地点的副词作状语。

e.g.What time does the train arrive?火车什么时候到?

要表示“到达某地”，需借助适当介词：

arrive 之后通常接介词at (一般用于较小的地方)或 in (一般用于较大的地方)。

e.g.We arrived at the station five minutes late.我们到车站晚了5 分钟。

They will arrive in Paris next Monday.他们将于下周星期一到达巴黎。

get 之后通常接介词to。

e.g.When we got to the park, it began to rain.我们到达公园时，就开始下雨了。reach 通常是及物动词(较 get 更正式)，其后可直接跟地点名词作宾语(不能用介词)。

e.g.He reached Beijing yesterday.他昨天到达北京。

顺便说一句：reach 除可表示“到达某地”外，还用于其它意义的“到达”。

e.g.Your letter reached me last week.我是上周收到你的信的。

He has reached school age.他已达到上学年龄。

2．Remember not to waste or pollute me.[译文] 记着不要浪费或污染我。remember to do sth. 记住要做某事。

e.g.Remember to post the letter for me.记住给我邮这封信。

remember doing sth. 记得做过某事。

e.g.I remember seeing him once.我记得见过他一次。

3．A shower usually takes at least 5 minutes.[译文] 淋浴通常至少要花5分钟。take

（1）常常和it连用，it在句子中作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。意为“花费(时间、金钱)等”。

e.g.How long will it take you to do your homework every day?每天做作业要花费你多长时间？

It usually takes her 20 yuan to buy books every week.每周买书通常要花费她20元钱。

（2）拿，取

e.g.I want to take some books to the classroom.我想拿些书到教室。

（3）吃，喝，服用，放

e.g.Do you take sugar in your milk?你喝的牛奶里放糖吗？

（4）乘车(船)等

e.g.Shall we go there by bike or take a taxi?我们是骑自行车去那还是坐出租车去？

（5）“做……事情”, 常常和名词连用，表示与该名词意义相关的动作

e.g.take a walk 散步 take a rest 休息一下 take a look 看一看等等

（6）构成常用的重要词组：

（1）take away 拿走

e.g.Tom takes the knife away from the little boy.汤姆从小男孩手里把刀拿走了。（2）take care (=be careful=look out)当心

e.g.Take care! The car is coming!小心！车来了！

（3）take (good) care of (好好)照顾，照料

e.g.I can take care of the baby all by mysel

f.我自己能照顾这个小孩。

（4） take down 取下来

e.g.Take down the picture and put up the map of the world.摘下这张图画，挂上一幅世界地图。

（5）take out 拿出

e.g.Please take out a piece of paper and write down your names on it, OK?拿出一张纸，在上面写下你们的名字，好吗？

（6）take off 脱下；飞机(等起飞)

e.g.Sorry! You have to take off your shoes before getting into the computer room.对不起，在进入微机室之前，先要把你的鞋子脱掉。

The plane is going to take off soon.飞机马上就要起飞了。

（7）take one's time 别着急，慢慢来

e.g.Please take your time!别着急，慢慢来！

（8）take one's temperature 量体温

e.g.Mingming is ill. The doctor is taking his temperature now.明明生病了，大夫正在给他量体温。

4、decide 动词，意为“决定”，常用结构：

decide (not) to do sth. 决定(不)做某事

decide on doing sth 决定做某事

decide + 疑问代词/副词＋不定式决定……

decide ＋从句决定……

e.g.I decided to go to Beijing on Monday.我决定星期一去北京。

He has decided on going for a trip next week.他已决定下周去旅行。

He decided when to go to Beijing.他已经决定了什么时候去北京。

We decided that we didn’t take part in the basketball match.我们决定不参加篮球比赛。

5．Then we all voted for her.[译文] 然后我们都投票赞成（选乔伊斯为主编）。vote for sb. 意为“投票赞成某人”

e.g.I shall vote for Ben because he has experience.我将投票选本因为他有经验。vote against意为“投票反对”。

e.g. People vote against Henry.人们投票反对亨利。

6．Then Joyce took charge of the meeting.[译文] 于是，乔伊斯主持会议。

take charge of 意为“主管，主持；负责”。

e.g. Who will take charge of the meeting?谁将主持这次会议？

7．辨析：other, the other, the others与another

（1）other表示“其他的”，表示泛指，没有特定的范围。

e.g.Lei Feng always helped other people.雷锋总是帮助别人。(指其他的任何人)（2）the other意为“另一个”，一般用于两者之间。其句型为：one…the other…一个……另一个……

e.g. The old man has two sons. One is a soldier, the other is a worker.那位老人有两个儿子，一个是士兵，另一个是工人。

注意：the other和other后均可加名词，但意思有所不同，“the other＋名词”表示一定范围内除一部分外其余的全部，而“other＋名词”表示除去部分以后的另一些，但不是剩下的全部。

（3）the others 特指一定范围内的其余的全部人或事物。

e.g. I have three pencils. One is long, and the others are short.我有三支铅笔，一支是长的，另外（两个）是短的。（代词）

（4）another表示三者或三者以上的其他任何一个，意为“再一；又一”。

e.g. Would you like another cup of tea?你还要一杯茶吗?

8、辨析：pay, spend, cost与take四个单词都可以表示“花费”，但用法却不尽相同。（1）pay的基本用法是：

①pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买某物。

e.g.I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.我每个月要付给他们20英镑的房租。

②pay for sth. 付某物的钱

e.g.I have to pay for the lost book.我不得不赔偿丢失的书款。

③pay for sb. 替某人付钱

e.g.Don’t worry! I’ll pay for you.别担心，我会给你付钱的。

（2）spend的主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：

①spend time/ money on sth. 在某物上花费时间/ 金钱。

e.g. I spent two hours on this maths problem.这道数学题花了我两个小时。

②spend time/ money(in)doing sth. 花费时间/金钱做某事。

e.g. They spent two years (in) building this bridge.造这座桥花了他们两年时间。（3）cost的主语是物或某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常见的用法如下：

①“sth. cost (sb.)＋金钱”表示“某物花了(某人)多少钱”。

e.g.A new computer costs a lot of money.买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。

②“(doing)sth. cost(sb.)＋时间”表示“(做某事)某物花了(某人)多少时间”

e.g. Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.他花了大量的时间才记住了这些新单词。

（4）take常见的用法有以下几种：

①“It takes/took sb.＋时间＋to do sth. ”表示“做某事花了某人多少时间”。

e.g.It took them three years to build this road.他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。

②“doing sth. takes sb.＋时间”表示“做某事花了某人多少时间”。

e.g. Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.他花了一整下午修这辆小汽车。

8．One of the most popular types is the Sunday paper.[译文] 最畅销的类型之一是周日的报纸。

one of＋the＋（形容词）＋可数名词复数：“……之一”，表示单数意义。

e.g. Lincoln is one of the greatest presidents in America.林肯是美国最伟大的总统之一。

YaoMing is one of the basketball players in the Olympic Games.姚明是参加奥运会的篮球运动员之一。

9、辨析：happen与take place

（1）happen常指“偶然发生”或“碰巧……”。

e.g.It happened that he had some friends in that city.碰巧他在那个城市有几个朋友。

（2）take place常指事先安排的事情，不含“偶然”之意。

e.g.The meeting is to take place next Monday.会议将于下周召开。

10、辨析：instead of与instead

（1）instead of取代；而不是，相当于介词短语，后跟名词、动词不定式、形容词、介词、副词、动名词。

e.g.I’l l go to Italy instead of France.我要去意大利，而不是法国。

I enjoy reading instead of dancing.我喜欢读书而不是跳舞。

（2）instead代替；而是，是副词。单独置于句首或句尾。

e.g.He’s tired, let’s go instead.他累了，让我们替他吧。

三、语法点拨

（一）should与ought to的用法

1．一般说来，两者可替换，只是ought to语气稍重。

e.g. You ought to (should) go and see Mary sometime.你应该什么时候去看看玛丽。2．表示出于法令规则、行为准则、道德责任等客观情况而“应该”做某事时，一般应用ought to，若用should则含有个人意见，强调主观看法。

e.g. We ought to go and see Mary tomorrow, but I don’t think we will.

明天我们按理应该去看看玛丽，但是我认为我们不会去(此句不宜用should)。

3．在公告、须知或条例中，出于礼貌，常用should。

e.g. You should not run alongside the swimming-pool.不准在游泳池边奔跑。（二）感叹句

感叹句一般是用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用“what”和“how”引导，“what”和“how”与所修饰的词置于句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。

由“what”引导的感叹句：“what”意为“多么”用作定语，修饰名词（被强调部分），单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。这类句子的结构形式是：

what＋(a/an)＋adj.＋n.＋主语＋谓语.

e.g.What an interesting story it is!多么有趣的故事呀！

What good children they are!他们是多么好的孩子呀！

由“how”引导的感叹句：“how”意为“多么”，用作状语，修饰形容词或副词（被强调部分）。如果修饰形容词，则句中的谓语动词用系动词；如果how修饰副词，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词，这类句子的结构形式是：

How＋adj.（adv.）＋主语＋谓语.

e.g.How cold it is today!今天多么冷呀！

在表示同一意义时，英语感叹句既可用“what”引导，也可用“how”引导。

e.g.What a hot day it is!=How hot the day is!多么热的天气呀！

What tall buildings they are!=How tall the buildings are!多么高的楼房呀！（三）how many与how much的区别和用法：

1．所修饰词的不同

how many用来修饰可数名词的复数，它的句式是：How many＋复数名词＋一般疑问句＋……how much用来修饰不可数名词，表示数量，也可单独使用。

2．how many的用法

（1）对there be句型中主语的数量如:some, five, only one等提问时,如果主语是可数名词，不管主语是单数还是复数一般都用复数形式提问，因为问话人不知道具体的数量是多少，而且many只能接可数名词复数形式，所以be一定要用are.即用“How many＋可数名词复数＋are there＋地点/时间状语”的句型结构.

e.g.There is a book on the desk. (用how many改为特殊疑问句)

=====How many books are there on the desk？

There are seven days in a week. (对划线部分进行提问)

======How many days are there in a week？

(2)记忆口诀

how many在句首，名词复数跟着走，一般问句紧相随，其它成分不要丢.

3．how much 的用法

（1）用来询问事物的数量，后接不可数名词。

e.g.How much milk is there in the glass？玻璃杯里有多少牛奶？

（2）用来询问事物的重量。

e.g.－How much does the pig weigh？这头猪多重？

（3）用来询问数字计算的结果，相当于what。

many, few, a few, too many, too few 只能修饰可数名词

much, little, a little, too much, too little 只能修饰不可数名词

a lot of, none, no, enough, not enough 既能修饰可数名词，也能修饰不可数名词（四）三、语法点拨——动词不定式与动名词的用法

（1）动词不定式的句法功能

动词不定式可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语。

1．主语（有时候用it作形式主语）

e.g.To become a teacher is my dream.当老师是我的梦想。

2．宾语。带动词不定式作宾语的动词有：hope, wish, want, agree, decide, choose, learn, refuse, promise, offer, fail, start, begin, remember, forget, manage…

e.g.I hope to go to the moon one day.我希望有一天能去月球。

3．宾语补足语。带动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：like, want, wish, ask, invite, tell, help, teach, let, make…

e.g.My brother asked me to clean my bedroom.我的哥哥要我打扫卧室。

4．状语

e.g.I often go to the park to do exercise in the morning.早上我经常去公园锻炼。

（2）动名词的句法功能

动名词在句子中可以充当主语、宾语。

1．主语

e.g.Drinking milk is good for our health.喝牛奶对我们身体有好处。

2．宾语

带动名词作宾语的动词有：like, love, hate, begin, start, remember, forget, finish, practice, suggest, consider, enjoy, allow, continue…

e.g.I began learning English at the age of ten.我十岁时开始学英语。

（3）动词不定式和动名词作宾语注意事项

1．接to do和 doing意思一致的动词有：start, begin, like, love, hate…

e.g.She hates doing housework.=She hates to do housework.她讨厌做家务。

Jenny started working in the school two years ago.= Jenny started to work in the school two years ago.珍妮两年前开始在这所学校工作。

2．接to do和 doing意思不同的动词有：forget, remember, stop, go on等。

e.g.I forgot to lock the door.我忘了锁门。（门没有锁）

I forgot locking the door.我锁了门，但是我忘记了。（门已经锁了）

remember的用法同forget。remember to do 记住要做；remember doing 记得已经做了

e.g.He stopped talking when the teacher came in. （stop doing 停止正在做的事情）老师进来的时候他停止讲话。

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初中英语总复习资料 1. a bit (of) 有一点 2. a few (表示肯定)一些;几个 3. a kind of 一种;一类 4. a little 少量;少许 5. a lot of 许多，大量 6. a number of 大量;许多 7. a pair of 一双，一副 8. a piece of 一张，一块，一根 9. according to 根据，按照 10. after all 毕竟，终究 11. again and again 反复地，再三地 12. agree to do sth. 同意做某事 13. agree with sh. 赞同，同意某人的看法 14. all kinds of 各种各样的 15. all over the world 遍及全世界 16. all right 行了，好吧，(病)好了 17. all the time 一直 18. all year round 终年;一年到头 19. arrive at (in) a place 到达某地 20. as long as 只要 21. as soon as 一…就…

22. as well as 也;又 23. as……as possible 尽可能…… 24. as…as 和……一样 25. as usual 通常，平常地 26. ask for 要，要求;请求 27. at first 首先 28. at last 最后 29. at least 至少 30. at once 马上，立刻 31. at the age of 在……岁的时候 32. at the end of 在……尽头 33. at the moment 此时;现在 34. at the same time 同时 35. at times 有时;偶尔 36. be able to 能够…… 37. be afraid of sth. 害怕 38. be angry with 生……的气 39. be bad for 对……有害 40. be different from 与……不同 41. be famous for 以……著名 42. be full of 充满，装满

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八年级上英语期中复习资料Array （）1.It’s only 19:00. we decide ______ home A going B go to C not to go D not to go to （）2.Da Shan speaks Chinese ______ for us to understand. A. good enough B. enough good C. well enough D. enough well （）3.She looks _______ because she has a _____ vacation. A. relaxed, relaxed B. relaxing, relaxing C. relaxed, re1axi ng D. relaxing, relaxed （）4.—Excuse me. I wonder ____________. —Turn left. There’s a supermarket next to the park. A. when I can leave B. where I can get som e snacks C. how can I play chess D. who did you travel wit h （）5.Tara and her sister_______ quiet and they _______ sports. A. are both, both like B. are both, like both C. both are, both like D. both are, like both ( )6. These cinemas have one thing _______. A. common B. in common C. commonly D. on common ( )7. The ______ is very________ ，and he________ an action. A. action；active；acts B.actor；active；acts C. actress；active；acts D.activity；act；action ( )8.The old woman doesn’t mind ______other people think of_______.

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