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英语句子结构分析讲解(精编文档).doc

英语句子结构分析讲解(精编文档).doc
英语句子结构分析讲解(精编文档).doc

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定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;

主要成分:主语和谓语

次要成分:表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语

I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday .

㈠主语(subject)

句子说明的人或事物

Jane is good at playing the piano.(名词)

She went out in a hurry.(代词)

Four plus four is eight.(数词)

To see is to believe.(不定式)

Smoking is bad for health.(动名词)

The young should respect the old.(名词化的形容词)

What he has said is true. (句子)

找出下列句中的主语:1、The sun rises in the east.

2、Twenty years is a short time in history.

3、The poor are now living in the shelter.

4、Seeing is believing.

5、To see is to believe.

6、He likes dancing.

7、What he needs is a book.

8、It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. ㈡谓语

说明主语的动作、状态和特征

简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成

I saw the flag on the top of the hill?

He looked after two orphans.

复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词;

He can speak English well.

She doesn’t seem to like dancing.

找出下列句中的谓语(注:只有动词才可作谓语。):

1. We love China.

2. We have finished reading this book.

3. He can speak English.

4. She seems tired. (三)宾语动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语Show your passport, please. (名词)

She didn't say anything. (代词)

How many do you want? - I want two. (数词)

They sent the injured to hospital. (名词化的形容词)

They asked to see my passport. (不定式)

I enjoy working with you. (动名词)

Did you write down what he said? (句子)

宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.He gave me some books.

宾语宾语

指出下面句子的间接宾语和直接宾语:please pass me the book. He bought his girlfriend some flowers.

找出下列句子的宾语部分:

1. We often help him.

2. He likes to play basketball.

3. We enjoy listening to the music.

4. She said that he felt sick.

5. They are talking about the new student.(四)连系动词,其后面的成分叫作表语。The war was over.

They seem to know the truth.

Time is precious.

I’m not quite myself today.

That remains a puzzle.

I don’t feel at ease.

找出下列句中的表语。

1. I am a teacher.

2. They are on the playground.

3. My job is teaching English.

4. It gets cold.

5. It sounds interesting.

常见的系动词有be 动词,还有get ,become, turn, grow 等表“变得”的词, 和感观动词sound, look, smel,taste,feel等。

(五)定语

修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句

He is a clever boy.(形容词)

His father works in a steel work.(名词)

There are 54 students in our class.(数词)

Do you known betty’s sister?(名词所有格)

He bought some sleeping pills.(动名词)

There is a sleeping baby in bed.(现在分词)

His spoken language is good.(过去分词)

定语后置:

如果定语是由一个单词表示时,通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时,通常则后置

The girl in red is his sister.

We have a lot of work to do.

The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.

Do you know the man who spoke just now?

找出下列句子的定语。

1. The black bike is mine.

2. She is a chemistry teacher.

3. The man in blue is my brother.

4. The girl playing the piano is my younger sister.

5. The lady who is wearing red dress is our new teacher.

(六)状语

状语的功用:状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。

I will be back in a while.

They are playing on the playground.

He was late because he got up late.

He got up so late that I missed the train.

I waited to see you.

He often went to school by bus.

His parents died, leaving him an orphan.

Please call me if it is necessary.

This book is very interesting.

He went to school in spite of his illness.

找出下列句中的状语1. We often help him.

2. I really don’t like the food.

3. He did his homework carefully

at home.

4.Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.

5. When I grow up, I am going to be a doctor.

(七)宾语补足语

有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补足语,说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足,使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有:

make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let.

I found the book interesting.

Do you smell something burning?

He made himself known to them.

She asked me to lend her a hand.

宾语补足语:和宾语构成复合宾语。宾语和宾补之间存在内在逻辑上的主谓关系。找出下列句子的宾语补足语:

1. They elected John monitor.

2. We call him Iron Ox.

3. The doctor told me to do more

exercise.

4. They made her happy.

5. He is going to have his hair cut.

6. They saw a bird flying in the sky.

(八)同位语位于名词或代词后面,说明它们的性质和情况We young people should respect the old.(名词)

He himself will do the experiment.(代词)

He is the oldest among them four.(数词)

He told me the news that our team won the game.(从句)

句子结构:

1)You are a student.

2)He felt happy today.

3)What you said made

me happy.

4)Could you give me

some advice on how

to learn English well?

5)After he finished his

homework, he went

away.

6)He likes pop music.

7)The sound sounds

strange.

8)The food tastes

good.

9)He gave me a book

yesterday.

10)We all think it a

pity that she didn’t

come here.

Private Conversation

Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. “I can't hear a word!”I said angrily.

“It's none of your business,”the young man said rudely.

“This is a private conversation!”

what什么who谁where哪里when什么时候why为什么H,how怎么

英语句子结构分析报告讲解

定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分; 主要成分:主语和谓语 次要成分:表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语 I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday . 主语谓语定语宾语同位语状语 ㈠主语(subject) 句子说明的人或事物 Jane is good at playing the piano.(名词) She went out in a hurry.(代词) Four plus four is eight.(数词) To see is to believe.(不定式) Smoking is bad for health.(动名词) The young should respect the old.(名词化的形容词) What he has said is true. (句子) 找出下列句中的主语:1、The sun rises in the east. 2、Twenty years is a short time in history. 3、The poor are now living in the shelter. 4、Seeing is believing. 5、To see is to believe. 6、He likes dancing.

7、What he needs is a book. 8、It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. ㈡谓语 说明主语的动作、状态和特征 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语(注:只有动词才可作谓语。): 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. (三)宾语动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语Show your passport, please. (名词) She didn't say anything. (代词) How many do you want? - I want two. (数词) They sent the injured to hospital. (名词化的形容词) They asked to see my passport. (不定式) I enjoy working with you. (动名词) Did you write down what he said? (句子)

英语句子结构详解(精华)

第一章简单句 一、简单句(simple sentence):是基础句型,只有包含一个主谓结构,而句子的各个结构都只由单词或短语表示。 有五种基本结构:“主语+谓语(SV)”、“主语+谓语+主语补语(SVC)”、“主语+谓语+宾语(SVO)”、“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语(SVOO)”、“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补语(SVOC)”等五种基本结构。其他各种句子基本上由此五种句型缩略或扩展而成。 1、“主语+谓语(SV)”结构,简称为主谓结构,谓语是不及物动词。此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思,这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等,如: (1)、Day│ broke. 天亮了 (2)、Things │change.事物是变化的。 (3)、The moon│rose.月亮升起来了。 (4)、They│are running very slowly. 他们跑得很慢 2、“主语+谓语+主语补语(SVC)”结构,简称为主谓补结构。 “主语+连系动词+表语(SLP)”句型实际上也是一种主、谓、主补结构,此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。be本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用,其它系动词仍保持其部分词义如: (5)、He │died│ young. 他年轻时就死了。 (6)、John │was│ cast as Hamlet. 约翰扮演哈姆雷特 (7)、This│is│an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。 (8)、The dinner│smells│good.午餐的气味很好。 3、“主语+谓语+宾语(SVO)”结构,可简称为主、谓、宾结构,其谓语一般是及物动词,宾语多是直接宾语。此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词 (9)、Who│knows│the answer? 谁知道答案?

英语句子结构分析

第一讲英语句子结构分析 教学重点: 1:掌握五种基本句型 2:了解除Be以外的其他四种系动词。 3:了解接TO和FOR的双宾语的动词有哪些。 4:能够区分双宾语和复合宾语得区别。 句子的划分 I. 根据结构划分:①简单句 S+V(主+谓) S+V+P(主+谓+表) S+V+O(主+谓+宾) S+V+o+O(主+谓+间宾+直宾) S+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补) ②并列句 and, but, or ③复合句:名词从句(宾,主,表,同) 副词从句(状语从句) 形容词从句(定语从句) II. 根据功能划分:陈述句 疑问句(一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问

句,反义疑问句,修辞疑问句) 祈使句 感叹句 III. 根据句子成分:单个词汇 短语 从句 一.陈述句(五种句型) 1.I am a webaholic.我是一个网虫。 Chatting on the internet is interesting. 我喜欢网上聊天。 2.Internet dating hurts.网恋有害。 3.I like chatting online.我喜欢网上聊天。 4.Chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun.网 上聊天给我带来很多乐趣。 5.We can call internet addicts a webaholic.我们管网上 一隐君子叫网虫。

I. 常用作连系动词: ①变成,变得:become, come, fall, get, go, grow, run, turn 口诀:好是come,坏是go;天气、外貌慢慢grow; 流水、金钱缓缓run;颜色、天气大不同turn;Get\ become口语化,如果要说就用它. 口诀解读: 如:Dreams come true. 梦想成真。

英语句子结构分析

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(完整版)英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

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初中英语句子成分详解

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(三)宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。S he is doing her homework now、(名词作宾语) She says(that)she is ill、(宾语从句作动词宾语) We often help him、(代词作宾语) He likes to play basketball、(不定式作宾语) We enjoy listening to the music、我们喜欢听音乐。(动名词短语作宾语)说明1:宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物,宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词,称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外,动词不定式可作动词宾语;动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。 说明2:及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象,直接宾语指物,间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人,间接宾语指人。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。 不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如:give, show(给……看),bring, pass, buy等。如:(1)Our teacher tells us a story、(2)The sun gives us light、间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后,在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词“to”或“for”。间接宾语前加“to”的有:

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