不定式用法详解

不定式用法详解

定义：在句子中充当除了谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。

非谓语动词有三种：不定式，动名词，分词。

注：非谓语动词具有时态和语态的变化，可以同否定词not连用，构成否定形式，可以带宾语，状语，补语。非谓语动词的名词，形容词，副词的特征；可用在句中做主语，宾语，补语，状语，和定语等。

—不定式（原形动词前加to, 构成动词不定式。不定式不做谓语，属于非谓语动词）

不定式的时态，语态

一般式：不定式所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作或状态同时发生或几乎同时发生或存在。但多数情况下是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生。

e.g :They often watch us play football. (同时)

She hopes to go there again. (之后发生)

完成式：不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前。

e.g : I’m glad to have seen your mother yesterday

注：1）用在intended, expected, meant, hoped. promised, wanted, planned. wished.

thought, desired, was, were等后，表示过去没有实现的愿望，期待或计划的等，也用来表示先于谓语动词发生的动作或状态。

e.g: He wanted to have met (=had wanted to meet) you at the airport,but he didn’t get

there in time.

他原想去机场接你（事情已经发生），但他没及时赶到那儿。（没接成）

e.g: We planned to have done (had planned to do) good deeds for the poor people last

month.

我们原计划上个月为贫困的人们作些好事。（没作成）。

2）用在seem. appear. think . consider. believe. 等后，表示一个动作先于另一发生

e.g: The novel is believed to have been translated into Chinese.

相信这本小说已被翻译成汉语

e.g: I’m sorry to have kept you waiting .

对不起让你久等了。

3）在should (would) like, would love 等后，表示没有实现的愿望。

e.g: I should like to have seen her face when she read the letter.

进行式：1）当谓语动词的动作或状态发生时，不定式动词所表示动作正在进行时，用进行时。

e.g: They seemed to be talking about you.

He pretended to be sleeping.

2）不定式的进行式表示将来。

He is believed to be coming

3)不定式的进行式表示逐渐地变化

The weather seems to be improving

不定式的被动语态

▲在下列情况下要用被动语态

(1) 当句子的主语是这个不定式所表示动作的承受者。

e.g: She is glad to be taken to the Great Wall.

This book is said to be put into English.

(2)当不定式所修饰的名词是此不定式的逻辑宾语且句中又没有它的逻辑主语

时。

e.g: He wanted the letter to be typed at once.

(3)当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语时，且不定式本身又带有一个宾语时，

e.g: She is too nervous to be told such a bad news.

I’m glad to be given a gold ring.

(4)当句子的主语和表语指同一人或物，不定式修饰这个表语名词时，且与这

个名词有动宾关系时。

e.g: He is a man to be trusted

(5)不定式做宾语，且与所修饰的名词有动宾关系时。

e.g: The plan to be made is a five-year plan.

▲不定式的主动语态表示被动含义。

（1）当不定式与最近的名词（代词）有动宾关系，且与句中另一个名词（代词）有主谓关系。

e.g: He has nothing to eat

I’ll give you a book to read

（2）当不定式在“主+表（形容词）”结构中做状语，且句中主语是这个不定式

的逻辑宾语时。

The text is easy to recite.

(3) 当不定式修饰there be /here be 引导的句子中的主语时。

There are two tractors to repair.

Here is a baby to take care of.

注：在there be 结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式；如果说话人强调的是事情本身必须被完成，则用被动形式。

There is a lot of work to do ( Someone has to do the work)

There is a lot of work to be done.( The work has to be done)

(4) to let to blame 则只用主动语态。

e.g: The house is to let

I’m to blame

不定式的句法功能

1做主语

直接做主语

To help each other is good.

动词不定式做主语时，一般可用it 做形式主语，而把真正的主语不定式放在句末。It is good to help each other.

但如果动词不定式做主语，句中又有一个动词不定式做表语时，就不使用上述的句型。

To see is to believe 眼见为实。

2 做表语

▲常常说明或解释主语的内容，在很多情况下不定式做表语可转化为做主语。如：His job is to raise pigs

=To raise pigs is his job

▲表示计划或安排

A new bridge is to be built over the river soon.

不久这条河上要架新桥。

▲表示事态发展的结果，预期的结果，不幸的命运或预言。

You must speak out, if we are to remain friends. 如果我们想继续做朋友，你必须痛痛快快的把话说出来。

▲表示情态意义，相当与can. Could. (可能) should, ought to .（应该），must ( 必须)

The books are not to be found .这些书不应该卖。

He is nowhere to be found. 哪也找不到他。

▲表示“同意，命令，决定，劝告，意愿，禁止等”

You must be patient if you are to succeed. 要想成功，必须有耐心。

In such dry weather,the flowers will have to be watered if they are to survive.

不定式在系动词be 之后做表语与将来时的be+动词不定式结构有所区别。

！）Our plan is to ser up another middle school.

句中的谓语动词是is ,动词不定式to set up 为表语，主语为plan,并不是不定式的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up 所表示的动作不是主语plan 产生的。

！）We are to set up another middle school.

整个结构为句中谓语，主语为we，同时也是动词不定式to set up 所表示的动作的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up 所表示的动作是we 产生的。

3做宾语

1) 一般来说，不定式只做动词的宾语，但介词except, but后可接不定式做宾语。She wishes to be a musician.

Peter’s not going anywhere except to work.彼得除了上班之外哪也不去。

特别提示：

某些动词后须跟不定式to do 做宾语

afford（有足够的金钱或时间做…）；agree （同意）；ask （要求做）；attempt （尝试做，试图做）beg（恳求）；choose（选择）；decide（决定）；demand（要求）；desire（希望）；determine（决定）expect（期望）；fail（未能）；happen （碰巧）；hate（不喜欢做。。。）；help（帮助）；hope（希望）；learn（学习）；long （渴望）；manage（设法做好）；offer（提议）；prefer（喜欢）；pretend(假装)；prepare(准备)；promise（允诺）；refuse（拒绝）；remain（尚待）；seem （好象）want（想要）wish（希望）wonder（感到奇怪）

某些结构后面接省to的不定式（即动词原形）：

would /had rather do, had better do, do nothing but do

2)用代词it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语不定式结构放在句末。需用it代不定式作宾语的动词有：find, make, think, consider, feel 等。

He feels it his duty to say that you are wrong.

3)有些动词后可用“疑问词+不定式”做宾语，常用的动词有：decide, discover, forget. inquire, know,

learn, see, think, wonder.

Eg: we don’t know where to go.

4 做宾语补足语

1）可接不定式做宾补的动词有：advise （建议）；allow（允许）；ask（请求）；beg（乞求）；cause（导致）；choose（选择）；consider（认为）；drive（驱使）；encourage（鼓励）；enable（使能够）；expect（期望）；forbid（禁止）；force （强迫）；get（使）；help（帮助）；invite（邀请）；intend（打算）；like（喜欢）；order（命令）；permit（允许）；persuade（劝说）；prefer（喜欢）；request （请求）；require（要求）；remind（提醒）；teach（教）；tell（告诉）；want （想要）；warn（警告）；wish（希望）；think（认为）；trouble（麻烦）。。。e.g: Tell the students not to play on the street.

The teacher advised us to have a rest first.

2）动词let, have, make, notice, watch, observe, feel. hear, listen to . see , look at.等后用动词原形做宾补，如改为被动语态，省掉的to 要还原。

e.g: I heard Mary sing last night.

Mary was heard to sing last night

3) tell advise. show. teach 等还可接连接代词/连接副词+不定式作宾补。

e.g: The old driver showed me how to drive the car.

4) think, consider, believe, suppose, suppose, know, feel , find understand, declare, imagine, take 等动词接不定式做宾补，但这个不定式多为to be +adj/ adv/ n

e.g: We thought him to be a naughty boy.

He felt the plan to be practical

5 不定式做定语

不定式做定语和它所修饰名词存在三种关系。

1)动宾关系：不定式所修饰的名词是这个不定式的逻辑宾语。

e.g: I want something to eat

He had a meeting to attend.

注：如果这个不定式是vi ，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点，工具等，不定式后面要加必要的介词。

e.g: I have a house to live in

Please give me a knife to cut with.

Here is some paper to write on.

2) 主谓关系：不定式所修饰的名词是这个不定式的逻辑主语（即动作的发出者）

e.g: He is the first man to work out the problem.

3) 所属关系：不定式与所修饰的名词存在一种所属关系。可形成这种关系的名词

有：way, need, time, plan, right, chance, opportunity, movement, reason,

promise, wish. effort, struggle.

e.g: Liu Mei is on her way to see a film.

4) 起限定作用，表示将来

e.g: The question will be discussed at the meeting to be opened in Beijing.

6做状语

不定式做状语时，其逻辑主语一般为句子的主语，否则用for引导主语。

1）跟在某些表示感情的词后面表原因。

e.g: I’m sorry to have troubled you .对不起麻烦你

He was surprised to learn how much she’d spent

2) 做目的状语，既可放于句首，也可置于句末；为加强语气，也可用“so as to do （只能放在句尾）”或“in order to do（可放在句首或句尾）”表目的。

e.g: He gets up early to read English

Many farmers fertilize their crops in order to make them grow more quickly.

许多农民上化肥为的是让作物长得更快。

3)做结果状语。通常置于谓语动词后面，所表示的行为通常发生在谓语动词之后。▼不定式短语表示结果时，常于only连用，暗示一种“意外的结果，意想不到，不料”

▼不定式做结果状语常用于以下结构。

so adj /adv as to…

such n as to…

too…to…

enough…to…

eg: He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.

In 1935, he left home never to return 他离家结果一去不复返。

I’m too tired to walk any further tonight.

My son is old enough to go to school alone.

Would you be so kind as to give me an early reply?

I’m not such a fool as to believe that.

注：在有些句子中，too…to…可表示肯定含义。

▼too 前有only, never, not, all, but , just, simply时( only too, all too , but too)表非常。

I’m only too glad to see you.

▼不定式符号to前有not 时。

You’re too sad not to cry.

▼too后接easy, happy, really, willing. glad, surprise, eager, anxious等表示心情或描述性的形容词时，

This book is too easy to understand.

7 不定式的否定形式：

句型“not+ 不定式”；“never +不定式”

My father told me not to skate on the lake. 我爸爸告诉过我不要在湖上溜冰。Father told me never to see her again. 父亲告诉我不要再去看她了。

特别提示：不定式作目的状语时，否定形式不能用not to do sth. 应用in order not to do sth 或so as not to do sth.

e.g: I’m going to start now, in order not to miss the beginning.

我现在就出发为的是不错过开头。

重点关注：

1．It is + adj for sb to do 或It is adj of sb to do

我们常用for sb 或of sb.来做不定式的逻辑上的主语。但是什么情况下用for 或of,主要从以下两方面来进行区别：

A: for sb 的句型通常使用表示客观情况的形容词。如: easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible. necessary, unnecessary. Interesting等。如：

e.g: It is important for us to express our opinions

.对于我们来说，表达我们的意见是很重要的。

It is hard for him to get rid of his bad habits.

他很难改掉他的坏毛病。

B: of sb 的句型一般用表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如：good, kind, nice, wise, clever, silly. Stupid, foolish. right . wrong . careful. careless. polite. impolite, rude 等e.g: It is clever of him to leave that country.

It was very kind of you to come to help me .你来帮我忙太好了。

2 疑问词+不定式在句中起名词的作用，可做主语，表语，宾语。

e.g: How to prevent from swimming in this river is a problem.

We didn’t know why not to give them an exact answer at that time.

He will teach us how to study.

My question is when to begin the experiment.

We must think of what to do next.

3 不定式符号to 保留问题

有时为了避免重复，可用to 代替前面的不定式，这种情况常出现在下列动词之后。Expect/ hope/ wish/ mean/ prefer/care/ forget/ want/ try/plan/hate…后或出现在be glad/happy/,would like/ love等的后面。

--Would you like to have some coffee?

--Yes, I’d like to

但是如果在省略的不定式结构中含有be, have, have been,这些词要保留。

--Are you on holiday?

--No, but I’d like to be

--I didn’t tell him the news.

--Oh, you ought to have.

My father wanted me to be a lawyer, but I didn’t want to be ( a player)

4省去to的不定式

1）两个或两个以上作用相同的不定式并列使用时，除第一个外其余不定式的to 可省略。

She told the child to stay there and wait till she came back.

但两者若有对比关系时，每个不定式前都要加to.

He hasn’t decided whether to go home or to stay at school.

2）主语被不定式修饰时，不定式做表语时省略to.

The thing for you to do is face the facts.你要做的事是面对事实。

5不定式在句中作为独立成分

有时不定式在句中作为独立成分出现，用来说明说话人的态度，一般来讲，人们已经把这些不定式作为固定词组或固定搭配来运用。

e.g: He can’t walk fast, not to speak of running

他走不快，更不用说跑。

Strange to say, his hair turned white during the night.

说来奇怪，他头发一夜间变白了。

there being的用法

there being与there to be用法区别 1. "There being" 的用法及意义: 1). "There being"可以用作一个介词的复合宾语,跟 "There to be"不同的是:"There to be"往往表 示目前"没有存在"的事物;而"There being"则通常表示"已经存在"的事情。请看: (1). The Chinese are proud of there being the Great Wall in North China. 中国人以在中国北部有个长城而自豪。 注意： there being 还可以作主语： (2)There being a shop here is a great advantage. 这儿有个商店，真是方便极了。 2). "There being" 还可以用作副词, 在语法上叫"独立结构"。如: There being no teacher in the classroom, the pupils began to talk freely. 由于教室里没有教师,学生们开始自由交谈。 3). 作介词的宾语一般用There being句式，但如果是for时,一般用there to be句式。 (1 ) This depended on there being a sudden change. 这需要有一个突然的改变。 (2) The teacher was waiting for there to be complete silence.老师在等着大家都安静下来。 2. "There to be"的用法及意义: 1). "There to be" 可以用作一个动词的宾语,我们通常称之为复合宾语,其意义常表示对将来 的一种意愿或希望,但目前还没"存在"。例: She doesn't hope there to be any quarrel between me and her. 她不希望我们之间有什么争吵。(对将来的一种希望) 2). "There to be"也可以用在句型 "It be + adj. for..."中。例: It is important for there to be a free school for the poor children. 给贫困的孩子建一所免费学校太重要了。

不定式用法详解

不定式用法详解 定义：在句子中充当除了谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。 非谓语动词有三种：不定式，动名词，分词。 注：非谓语动词具有时态和语态的变化，可以同否定词not连用，构成否定形式，可以带宾语，状语，补语。非谓语动词的名词，形容词，副词的特征；可用在句中做主语，宾语，补语，状语，和定语等。 —不定式（原形动词前加to, 构成动词不定式。不定式不做谓语，属于非谓语动词） 不定式的时态，语态 一般式：不定式所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作或状态同时发生或几乎同时发生或存在。但多数情况下是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生。 e.g :They often watch us play football. (同时) She hopes to go there again. (之后发生) 完成式：不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前。 e.g : I’m glad to have seen your mother yesterday 注：1）用在intended, expected, meant, hoped. promised, wanted, planned. wished. thought, desired, was, were等后，表示过去没有实现的愿望，期待或计划的等，也用来表示先于谓语动词发生的动作或状态。 e.g: He wanted to have met (=had wanted to meet) you at the airport,but he didn’t get there in time. 他原想去机场接你（事情已经发生），但他没及时赶到那儿。（没接成） e.g: We planned to have done (had planned to do) good deeds for the poor people last month. 我们原计划上个月为贫困的人们作些好事。（没作成）。

初中不定式todo的用法

初中不定式todo的用法

1. 不定式的用法------1.1 不定式作主语 不定式作主语，往往用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式放至句子的后面。 例如：It's so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。 It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。 It's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。 It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。 但是，用不定式作主语的句子中还有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型。另外，这样的句子，不能用动名词作表语。例如： （对）To teach is to learn. （错）It is to learn to teach. （错）To teach is learning. （错）Teaching is to learn. 典型例题 The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___. A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on 答案：B. 如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时，常位于"形容词+动词不定式"结构的末尾。 1.1.1 不定式做主语It's for sb/It's of sb to do sth 这样的句子中，由于表语形容词性质的不同，导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for或of 的区别。 1）for sb.句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：例如： It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。

动词不定式用法讲解·优选.

动词不定式的用法讲解 一、动词不定式： 构成：to + 动词原形（to只是不定式符号，没有意义） 动词不定式作主语较长时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末。 1.It + is/was+形容词+(for sb.) +动词不定式 To learn English well is useful. = It’s useful to learn English well.学好英语是有用的。 To protect environment is important for us. = It’s impor tant for us to protect environment.对于我们来说保护环境是很重要的。 2. It is / was + kind / good/ nice/ clever + of sb. + 动词不定式 It’s very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。 It’s very clever of you to do like that. 你那样做真的太聪明啦。 3. It takes ( took , will take ) sb. some time to do something. (做某事花费某人…时间) 4.It is a good idea to do sth. 作宾语 1.常见的跟不定式作宾语的动词有： want to do sth. decide to do sth. hope to do sth. plan to do sth. offer to do sth. agree to do sth. learn to do sth try to do sth prefer to do sth promise to do sth. need to do sth. expect to do sth. 2. 主语+ find / think + it +形容词+ (for sb.) + to do I find it easy to read English every day. 我发现每天读英语和容易的。 He felt it hard to sleep.他觉得很难入睡。 I think it very interesting to learn English. 我认为学英语很有趣。 We found it impossible to cross the river. 我们发现过河是不可能的。 3.特殊疑问词+动词不定式作宾语 Can you tell me how to get to the post office? I didn’t know what to do next.

高中动词不定式用法讲解及练习电子教案

高中动词不定式用法讲解及练习

Grammar Presentation---动词不定式 一、不定式的句法功能 ●不定式作主语 ?To learn a foreign language is not easy.学习外语不是一件容易的事。 ◎不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语来代替它的位置，而将真正的主语（不定式短语）移到谓语之后 ?It’s a great honor to be invited to Mary’s birthday party.很荣幸被邀请参加玛丽的生日聚会。 ●不定式作宾语 ◎作动词宾语 ◇下列动词常接不定式作宾语，如：agree, arrange, ask, beg, choose, dare, decide, demand,expect, fail, fear, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, ?They hope to find new resources for mankind.他们希望为人类找到新资源。 ◇如果不定式作宾语且有自己的补语，常用“it”作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在后面。 下列动词常用it作形式宾语，如：believe, consider, feel, find, know, make ?I know it impossible to finish so much homework in one day. 我知道在一天中完成这么多的作业是不可能的。 ●不定式作表语 ◎不定式作表语时，一般紧跟在系动词后，说明主语的内容 ?The first step is to check the victim’s breathing.

being的用法小结

being的用法小结 句子中的being是不能随便去掉的，在句子中出现being的情况大致分为以下几种： 一，being用作现在分词用法。 （1）一种用作现在分词，是强调正在进行，尤其是在被动语态中的使用，这个时候，being只是一个描述进行时态的符号，如，The trees are being planted,这种用法比较简单，我们也很好分辨。 （2）用作现在分词的时候.being用于作定语中，一般和过去分词连用，放在被说明名词后，表示进行时被动意义：（1）The house being built will be our new laboratory. （2）any text being（作定语，和过去分词translated连用，放在被说明名词any text之后） translated can also be read aloud by GT（google translateor） voice engine。任何被翻译后的文字也都可以被google语音大声的读出来。 （3）being用于状语，一般有逗号，翻译时常加表示状语的词汇，如“由于……”、“……时”等：Being very tiny, ants cannot often be seen by us. （4）还有一种现在分词的用法，是用作独立分词结构，含蓄的表示各种状态：1.There are a large number of different shapes of files, each being made for some particular kind of work.（伴随情况）各种锉刀的形状大不相同，每一种都是为特殊的一类加工而制作的。 （5）being用于介词后“主谓”结构中，即“介词+名词或代词+being+…”。这时介词宾语是一种复合宾语。其中being为现在分词。例如： 1.The pressure of a gas varies inversely as its volume, with temperature being constant.在温度不变条件下，气体压力是和其体积成反比的。 二，being用作动名词时，“being+过去分词”作介词宾语或动词宾语的用法 1.Water has the property of dissolving sugar, sugar (has)the property of being dissolved by water.（介词宾语）水具有溶解糖的特性，糖则具有被水溶解的特性。

英语动词不定式的完成式用法小结

英语动词不定式完成式在使用语境中的学习与考查 江苏省沛县湖西中学鹿俊先221611 综观近年的英语高考试题，我们可以看到题目的设置往往强调语言知识在特定语境中的使用，把语言知识放在了语用层面上，即考察实际应用知识的能力。 英语动词不定式的完成式，即(to) have +动词的过去分词形式，是中学英语学习中的重点及难点知识之一，也是高考试题中频繁出现的形式。对于这一形式考查的题目设置通常围绕三类语境，即陈述已经发生过了的事实，推测可能已经发生过了的事实，表达与过去实际情况相反的事实。下面分别加以叙述，以便从语用角度掌握这一语言知识。 1.陈述已经发生过了的事实。 1.1.置于表示情感反应的动词、形容词、分词之后，作为引起该反应的刺激，表示情感反应之前完成的动作。例如： I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble. (=I'm sorry that I gave / have given you so much trouble.) It is good to have finished work for the day. (=I am pleased because I have finished.) She said she was sorry to have missed you. (=She said she was sorry that he had missed you.) There was a smile on the boy's face, which seemed to show that he was happy to have given his life to his country. (=…he was happy that he had given his life to his country.) 1.2.置于be said, be considered, be believed, seem, appear, happen, turn out,等之后表示这些动作之前完成的动作。例如： I don't know whether you happen to have heard, but I am going to study in the U.S.A. this September. Charles Babbage is generally considered to have invented the first computer. (=It is generally considered that Charles Babbage invented the first computer.) He is said to have studied abroad, but I don't know which country he studied in. (= It is said that he studied abroad, b ut….) I appear to have made a small mistake. (=It appears that I made / have made a small mistake.) He seems to have missed the train. (=It seems that he missed the train.) 1.3.置于should之后，表达说话人对已发生了的事实的情感的反应，如惊奇、遗憾、喜悦、不安、失望，等，should相当于汉语中的“竟然”，“居然”。例如：They were surprised (that) a child should have worked out the problem while they themselves couldn't. It is strange that she should have married such an old man. 2.推测可能已经发生过了的事实。 2.1.置于must, will, would, can't, couldn't 之后，表示很有把握的推论。例如： The city must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization. An ambulance is waiting in the street. Somebody must have been hurt or killed. --I met her soon after the war.

高中动词不定式用法讲解及练习

Grammar Presentation---动词不定式 一、不定式的句法功能 ●不定式作主语 ?To learn a foreign language is not easy.学习外语不是一件容易的事。 ◎不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语来代替它的位置，而将真正的主语（不定式短语）移到谓语之后 ?It’s a great honor to be invited to Mary’s birthday party.很荣幸被邀请参加玛丽的生日聚会。 ●不定式作宾语 ◎作动词宾语 ◇下列动词常接不定式作宾语，如：agree, arrange, ask, beg, choose, dare, decide, demand,expect, fail, fear, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, ?They hope to find new resources for mankind.他们希望为人类找到新资源。 ◇如果不定式作宾语且有自己的补语，常用“it”作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在后面。 下列动词常用it作形式宾语，如：believe, consider, feel, find, know, make ?I know it impossible to finish so much homework in one day. 我知道在一天中完成这么多的作业是不可能的。 ●不定式作表语 ◎不定式作表语时，一般紧跟在系动词后，说明主语的内容 ?The first step is to check the victim’s breathing. 第一步是检查受害人的呼吸。 ●不定式作补语 ?I’d like the problem to be discussed at the next meeting.我希望这个问题在下一次会上讨论。 ●不定式作定语 ?The students have a lot of homework to do every day.学生们每天都有很多家庭作业要做。 ●不定式作状语 不定式可以作原因状语、结果状语、目的状语以及方式状语 不定式在下列句式中作目的状语：so as to do, in order to do ?In order to ensure your hair looks its best, pay attention to what you eat. 为了保证你的头发是最佳状态，请注意你的饮食。 二：不定式考点归纳： 考点1：不定式的时态和语态： 1.---Is Bob still performing? ---I’m afraid not. He is said ____the stage already as he has become an official. A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left 2.The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ____ the film stars had left. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told 1．A. 根据句子的意思“据说他已经离开了舞台”，要用不定式的完成式的主动形式。2．B. 用动词的不定式的被动形式表示结果状语。 考点2：不定式的功能：不定式具有名词的特征，可以作主语或宾语（例5），具有形容词的特征，可以作表语、定语或补足语（例4）；具有副词的特征，在句子中可以作状语（例3）。

正确being的用法

认真将楼主的总结从头到尾看了一遍，总结起来，正确的being用法就是3种： 1、n.+be动词+being+done我们都知道being最典型的错误之一就是n.+being done，只要多加了一个be动词，这就成了合理的被动语态+进行时态，因此正确； 2、prep./固定接动名词的短语或动词+being，因为这是固定搭配，这里边就拿being当be动词的ing形式，自然很好理解； 3、n.+being done，实际上being done是being引导的短语作n.的后置定语。 我们知道，分词短语可以作后置定语，那么为什么不直接用doing做后置定语，而用being done呢？就是有的时候这个doing的动作和被修饰的n.之间是被动关系，所以用being done 来表示被动。 第9题即是如此：The computer software being designed for a project studying Native American access to higher education will not only meet the needs of that study, but also have the versatility and power to facilitate similar research endeavors. (D-P10-15) 这里的being done相当于是software的后置定语，但是design和software之间又不是主谓关系，而是动宾关系，需要用被动，所以就多加了一个being，将doing的后置定语改成了being done的形式 Over... 欢迎补充和指正！ 我觉得三点当中，prep.+being和n+be动词+being+done. 做题目的时候，也发现几乎全是对的. （我做过的OG和prep笔记上，至少是这样的）. 并且，我还总结了3点being必错的，也是看语法说看来的：（格式非常严格，要不然不能排除） 1. n+being+done（n 和being中间加上其他东西，就不一定了！！） 2. being+adj. （being后面不论是so adj，还是直接adj等等，必错！） 3. being+n. （也是直接排除，不用看being前面是什么） 4. there+being（这是there句型必错的4个之一. 其他3个好像是：there+be+n+done. / there+be+a/an+抽象名词/....还有一个忘记了，there be是表自然存在的，因此，there be 出现的选项很可能是错的，因为它不能表具体动作间的关系） 还有个就是，很多人说逗号后面直接加to do，选项错误率很高. 但是，根据做题经验，这是不一定的，要看清，前边的逗号是不是放了个插入语什么的. 总的来说，我觉得做语法题，最好的一个方法还是看逻辑意思. 小技巧只是用来加快速度，增强排除信息的. 祝大家考试都加油^-^....

不定式用法讲解

高中英语语法讲解不定式 （The Infinitive） 定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语。 E.g. He want his students to read the book aloud. A． 1 2 不定式的意义 不定式的一般式(to do ) 一般式表示的动作或状态，发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后My wish is to become a doctor He seemed to be tired. She stopped to have a rest. 不定式的被动式 (to be done) 当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般要用被动式. The building to be finished next month is for our teachers. I am going to Beijing, I have something to take to my parents, do you have something to be taken to your parents? 如果谓语表示的动作(情况)发生时, 不定式表示动作正在进行,这时候不定式就要用进行式.（to be doing） They are said to be building another bridge across the street. They seemed to be talking about something important. When I went to his home, he happened to be traveling around the world. I’m glad to be working with you. 如果不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前，就用完成式 (to have done) ；若是在此基础上的被动含义，就用完成被动式( to have been done). He is said to have written a novel about the Long March. He thought it a pity not to have invited us. The assistant seemed to have been fired. He is said to have been taught French when he was a child. Einstein is said to have built up his theory when he was in his twenties. 如果不定式的动作是在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行的动作，就要用完成进行式. They are said to have been collecting folk song in Xinjiang. We’re happy to have been working with the experts all the month.

动词不定式用法讲解

动词不定式用法讲解 1、构成及特征 动词不定式(infinitive)是动词的一种非限定形式，即非谓语动词形式，它有两种形式：一种是“to + 动词原形”构成（to- infinitive）；另一种是不带to的不定式,即动词原形(bare- infinitive)。所有行为动词都有不定式形式，其否定式是在不定式前加not。动词不定式（或不定式短语）没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍保留有动词的特点：（1）可以有时式和语态的变化，也可以有自己的宾语或状语，它们一起构成了不定式短语。He tried to work out the problem in five minutes.他试图在五分钟之内算出这道题。（带宾语和状语） The factory to be built here next year is a car factory.明年在这里建的工厂是一家汽车制造厂。（有语态的变化） （2）动词不定式还具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语、状语等成分。 He wants to study English.他想学英语。（to study English在句中作want的宾语，而to study又有自己的宾语English, to study和English一起构成了不定式短语。）Never to offend anyone is his principle.不得罪人是他的原则。（不定式作主语） 注意：不定式在许多场合具有情态意义。作主语时，相当于一个带有情态动词的主语从句；作宾语时，相当于一个带有情态动词的宾语从句；作定语时，相当于一个带有情态动词的定语从句；作目的状语时，相当于so that 或in order that引导的目的状语从句。 It is right for her to say so.(= It is right that she should say so.)她这样说是对的。 He has a lot of work to do.(=…that he should do)他有很多工作要做。 I don’t know where to get the ticket.(= …where I could get the ticket.)我不知道哪

Being done的用法

Being done的用法 一、与be动词一起构成现在进行时的被动语态（am/ is/ are being done）和过去进行时的被动语态（was/ were being done）。如： The new houses are being painted.这些新房子还在刷漆。 When I went to pay him a visit, he was being examined by a doctor. 当我去看他时，他正在接受医生的检查。 二、作后置定语，修饰某一名词，表示某一被动动作正在进行。如： The meeting being held now is of great importance. 现在正在开的会很重要。 上面的句子也可以变成含有定语从句的句子： The meeting which is being held now is of great importance. 注意：being done，to be done与done均可作后置定语，其区别为：being done表示正在发生的被动动作；to be done表示将要发生的被动动作；而done表示已经发生的被动动作。如： The house to be built here next year belongs to Fred. 明年将在这里建的房屋是弗雷德的。 The house built here last year belongs to Fred. 去年在这里建的房屋是弗雷德的。 三、作某些及物动词或介词的宾语。如： John hates being laughed at in public. 约翰不喜欢当众被嘲笑。 Do you mind being left alone at home. 把你一个人留在家里你介意吗？ My class teacher was honoured for being devoted to the cause of the education. 我的班主任因致力于教育事业受到了表彰。 四、有时作主语或用在see，hear，feel等少量感官动词后作宾语补足语。如：Being lost can be a terrifying experience.迷路可能是一种可怕的经历。（作主语）He heard the song being sung next door. 他听到隔壁有人在唱这首歌。（作宾补）Having been done 和done用法的区别 1.done是过去分词，having been done是现在分词完成时的被动语态。两个都可以表示“完成＋被动。”但作状语时，having been done表示该动作发生在主句动作之前；而done则不强调这层含义； Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking. Not having been invited, he felt very unhappy. （分词完成式的被动语态(having been done)强调分词动作先于谓语动词）Killed, she couldn't stop her blood from going chilled. Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent. （过去分词也表示被动，但没有强调动作先后的含义） 2. done可作定语而having been done一般不作定语。 The concert given by the symphony orchesta was a great success. They are problems left over by history. 完成体的分词一般不作定语，若要表达完成意义最好用定语从句。如： 我们一般不说：The girl having won the race is my deskmate. 而常这样说：The girl who has won the race is my deskmate. 但非限定性的完成体作定语或如果分词所修饰的词是泛指则没有这个限制。如：Anyone having passed the test has got a prize. 任何通过考试的人都能得到一份奖品。

情态动词+不定式完成式

“情态动词+不定式完成式”用法解析 【摘要】本文在分析历年高考中有关“情态动词+不定式完成式”试题的基础上，总结了“情态 动词 +不定式完成式”结构常见的几类用法，并辨析了其联系与区别。 【关键词】情态动词，不定式完成式 情态动词的“情态动词 +不定式完成式”结构是英语语法中的难点。在掌握情态动词基本用法的基础上，学习者需进一步结合各种句式与虚拟语气的用法才能更容易理解“情态动词+不定式完成式”这一结 构。 一、“情态动词+不定式完成式”结构表示对过去发生的事实的可能性的推测 当“情态动词 +不定式完成式”结构表示推测过去某动作发生的可能性时，在这些情态动词中，就表示的可能性程度而言， must最大， will ／would其次， should／ought to再次，could又次之， may更次之， might 最小（杨兆民， 1993）。 1．may／might+have+过去分词 “ may／ might+have+ 过去分词”译为“也许已经” ，表示对过去发生的动作或存在的状态的推测，其表示可能性的语气最弱；该结构的否定形式可译为“当时也许没有” 。表示可能性时一般用 might 指过去，用 may 指现在； may 有时也可用于完成式或完成进行式，指过去发生的动作或过去持续的动作。另外，“ may+have+过去分词”含有“至今可能仍存在”的意思；might 只用于间接引语中（薄冰， 1998）。例如： You may have read some account of the matter. 你也许读过关于这件事的一些报道。 He may have been waiting for us for an hour. 他也许等我们一个小时了。（指持续的动作） Whatever your parents may have told you —— there is a real Santa Claus. And I should know, because I've seen him myself! 不管你父母告诉过你什么——在我看来，圣诞老人真的存在。我当然知道，因为我曾亲眼见过。 Sorry I'm late. I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. 对不起，我迟到了。可能我当时把闹钟按了之后又睡着了。（ might have turned off 显得辩解苍白而底气不足。） They might not have gone to the movies yesterday evening. The light was still on at their home then. 昨晚他们可能没有去看电影，因为当时他们家的灯亮着。 You may have met each other before. 或许你们以前已经见过面。 He may not have achieved all his aims. But his effort is praise worthy. 他可能没有达到他的全部目标，但他的努力值得赞扬。 She may/might have gone to the hospital. 她或许到医院去了。 The children may have gone to bed. 孩子们可能已经上床睡觉了。 They might not have settled the problem. 他们可能尚未解决那个问题。 2．can／could+have+过去分词 （ 1）“can／ could+have+ 过去分词”可译为“当时可能” ，表示对过去发生的动作或存在状态的推测，其可能性要强于“ may／ might+have+ 过去分词”，可用于否定句、疑问句和感叹句中。 can 一般不用于肯定句，肯定句中多用 could ，用于疑问句时 could 的可能性比 can 弱（李丙尧， 2002）。 试比较： I didn 't see her at the meeting this morning; she can 't／ couldn 't have spoken at the meeting. 今天上午我在会议上没有见到她，她不可能在会上发言。

“情态动词+不定式的完成式”用法讲解

“情态动词+不定式的完成式”用法讲解 "情态动词+不定式的完成式"形式是近年来高考测试的重点语法项目之一,也是同学们容易出错的题。现将其常见用法归纳如下: 一、"can(could)+不定式的完成式"的疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑或不肯定。例如: He cannot have been to that town. 他根本不可能去过那座城市。 Can he have got the book? 他会有那本书吗? 二、"may(might)+不定式的完成式"表示对过去发生的行为的推测,意思是"可能已经"或"也许已经"。例如: He may not have finished the work.他可能还没有完成那项工作。 -Whatever has happened to George? -I don't know. He may have got lost. -乔治发生了什么事? -我不知道,他可能迷路了。 *might 表示的可能性比may小,语气较委婉。例如: How quickly time passed!It might have happened yesterday. 时间过得好快啊!这事好像就发生在昨天。 He might have seen the surprise in my face. 他或许已经看到了我惊异的表情。 三、"must+不定式的完成式"常用在肯定句中,表示对过去发生的行为的推测,意为"一定;想必"。例如: You must have seen the film Titanic.你一定看过电影《泰坦尼克号》。 He must have been to Beijing. 他肯定去过北京。

不定式完成式to have done用法

情态动词+have done用法 1. Something may have happened to her. 她可能发生了什么事情。 She might have had an accident. 她或许遭受了意外. So she must have taken that too. 因此，她肯定把它也带走了。 1) 这三句话都用了“情态动词＋不定式的完成时”，表示对发生过的事作某种猜测、推测。 (1) must have done 可用来对某件过去的事情作肯定推测，表示“一定已经，想必已经”做过某事，用于肯定的陈述句中。否定句中用can't have done。 She must have received the parcel, I sent it by registered post. 她一定已经收到包裹了，我是用挂号寄的。 (2) may have done, might have done, could have done “可能做过某事”，就语气而言could have done 所表的可能性更小些。 He may / might / could have left by nine. 他可能于九点前已离去。 (3) should have done / ought to have done表示“本该做某事”但实际未做。 I should / ought to have left London before nine but I didn't. 我本该在九点以前离开伦敦，但是我没有。 (4) shouldn't have done / oughtn't to have done 表示“本不该做事”，但实际上又做了。 He shouldn't / oughtn't to have left London before nine but he did. 他本不该在九点前离开伦敦，但是他离开了。 (5) can't / couldn't have done 表否定推测，“不可能做过某事”。 She can't / couldn't have gone to bed, for the light in her room is still on. 她不可能上床睡觉了，因为她房间的灯还亮着。 (6) could have done 可表示客观上“本来能做某事但实际上没做”。 He could have finished the work in time but he didn't work hard. 他本来可以按时干完活的，但他没有卖力。 (7) needn't have done 表示客观上“本不必做某事但实际上又做了”。 I needn't have gone to the office yesterday (but I went there). 昨天我没必要去办公室（但我却去了）。 (8) might have done 还可表示过去“本可能发生但实际上没有发生的动作”。用于表示说话人对已发生的事提出批评或意见。 He might have given more help, even though he was very busy. 即使他很忙，也可以多帮点忙。 情态动词+ 动词完成式即“情态动词+ 动词完成式即“情态动词+ have + done”，表示对过去行为或动作进行推测、评论或判断。这个结构是近几年高考情态动词的重点和难点。 一、在虚拟语气中的用法 1. should have done 表示“过去本应该做某事却未做。”其否定结构shouldn't have done 表示“过去本不该做某事却做了。” 2. ought to have done 表示“过去本应该做某事却未做。”其否定结构oughtn't to have done 表示“过去本不该做某事却做了。” 3. need have done 表示“过去本有必要做某事却未做。”其否定结构needn't have done 表示