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2018年高考英语一轮复习每日一题(第12周)祈使句

2018年高考英语一轮复习每日一题(第12周)祈使句
2018年高考英语一轮复习每日一题(第12周)祈使句

考点祈使句

高考频度:★★★☆☆难易程度:★★★★☆

1. (2017·新课标卷I·短文改错)I The instructor kept repeating the word(改为

words), “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turning left!”

【答案】Turning改为Turn

【解析】分析语境可知教练的话“加速”,“减速”,“左转”都是祈使句,根据前文“Speed up!” “Slow down!”也可以看得出来。祈使句应该用动词原形,故将Turning改为Turn。

2. (2016·新课标卷Ⅱ·语法填空)It could be anything —gardening, cooking, music,

sports —but whatever it is, __________ (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.

【答案】make

3.Always _____________ in mind that your main task is to get this company running

smoothly.

A. to keep

B. to have kept

C. keep

D. have kept

【答案】C

【解析】考查祈使句。这是一个完整的句子,而that引导的是宾语从句,因此只能是祈使句。故选C。句意:永远记住,你的主要任务就是让这个公司平稳运行。

【名师点睛】祈使句表请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。祈使句分为第二人称祈使句及第—、三人称祈使句两大类。祈使句用于两个重要句型中:①"祈使句+and+表结果的陈述句"用来叙述肯定的条件;②"祈使句+or(else)+表结果的陈述句"用来叙述否定的条件,or(else)表示"否则";句首以动词原形开头。从本题的成分来判断,可以看出是考查祈使句。

一、祈使句的句式特征

祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此,祈使句中一般没有主语,但根据其句意,实际上是省略了主语you。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号,朗读时,常用降调。在表达请求或劝告时,在祈使句前或句末可加上please,以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。祈使句一般没有时态的变化,也不能与情态动词连用。

Keep off the grass! 勿踩踏草地!

Put the boxes in the small room. 把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。

二、祈使句的肯定句式

祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型:

1. 行为动词原形+其他成分。

Make sentences after the model. 根据例句造句。

2. Be动词+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。

Be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时要小心。

3. Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其他成分。

Let him go back now. 让他现在回去吧。

三、祈使句的否定句式

祈使句的否定句式,通常情况下在句首加上Don’t或Never,一般分为以下四种类型:

1. 在祈使句的肯定句式前加Don’t,构成"Don’t+行为动词原形+其他成分"。

Don’t say that again! 别再那样说了!

2. 在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Don’t,构成"Don’t be+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)"。

Don’t be careless. 不要粗心。

注意:在这种句型中be不能省略;否定副词not不可置于be之后。

3. Let引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种:(1)Let开头的祈使句,如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格,可在Let前加Don’t,也可在Let后宾格的名词或代词后面加not。

(2)如果以Let’s开头的祈使句,必须在Let’s后加not。

Don’t let me go with her tomorrow. =Let me not go with her tomorrow.不要让我明天跟她一起去。

Let’s not tell her the truth whenever we meet her.无论什么时候我们碰到她,

都不要告诉她真相。

4. 在公共场合的提示语中,否定祈使句常用"No+名词/V-ing形式"结构,表示"禁止做某事"。

NO PHOTOS! 禁止拍照!

四、祈使句的反意问句

祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分。通常有以下三种形式:

1. 祈使句为肯定句式,其反意疑问句表示请求时,通常用will you;表示邀请、劝说时,用won’t you。

Be sure to write to us, will you? 你一定要给我们写信,好吗?

Come to have dinner with us this evening, won’t you?今晚来和我们一起吃饭,好吗?

2. 祈使句为否定句式,其反意疑问句通常只用will you。

Don’t smoke in the meeting room, will you?不要在会议室抽烟,好吗?

3. Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时,除Let’s用shall we外,其他均用will you。

Let the boy go first, will you? 让个那男孩先走,好吗?

Let’s take a walk after supper, shall we?晚饭后我们去散步,好吗?

五、祈使句的回答

祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作,所以回答祈使句时,一般用will或won’t。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时,要注意两点:一是"形式一致",即Yes与will保持一致;No与won’t保持一致。二是"意思相反",即Yes是"不"的意思;No是"是"的意思。在回答时,要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。

—Don’t go out, please. It’s raining heavily outside.请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。

—Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport. 不行,我得去机场接我弟弟。

1. There are a few measures you can take to improve your grade, and one of them is:

_______________ the material you do poorly in.

A. doesn’t ignore

B. not to ignore

C. not ignore

D. don’t ignore

2. _______________ in the library, or you’ll be fined 10 dollars and banned from entering for one month.

A. If you smoke

B. Not smoke

C. Not smoking

D. No smoking

3. —Daddy, this is my favorite show. Could you...?

—No. _______________ before the TV set and I’ll cancel our plan to Disneyland tomorrow.

A. Have more minute

B. One more minute

C. Given one more minute

D. If you have one more minute

4. If you have a job, _______________ yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed.

A.do devote

B. don’t devote

C. devoting

D. not devoting

5. _______________ your homework before you watch TV.

A. Do

B. Doing

C. To do

D. Done

参考答案

3. B 【解析】考查"祈使句+and/or+表结果的分句"句型。答句句意:不行。如果你在电

视机前再多待一分钟,我就取消我们明天去迪士尼乐园的计划。题中的祈使句部分用一个名词短语来代替。One more minute"再多一分钟"。

4. A 【解析】句意:如果你有一份工作,一定要全身心投入,你最后一定会成功的。主句

是祈使句,排除C项和D项;由语境可知本句叙述的是肯定的情况,排除B项;强调谓语动词,此处要用助动词do。故选A项。

5. A 【解析】考查祈使句。句意:看电视之前要先完成你的作业。分析句子结构可知,before

you watch TV是时间状语从句,所以_______________ your homework是主句,主语省略,因此主句是祈使句,故谓语动词用原形。故选A。

进步,在于总结。我在这,总结在哪儿?

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________

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