英语二200810

2008年10月自考英语（二）试题

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I．V ocabulary and Structure

1. If you ____ in ignoring my instructions, I shall have to punish you.

A. exist

B. resiste

C. persist

D. insist

2．Economics, student needs and our new understandings of how people learn are ____ to break the traditional education monopoly.

A. tempted

B. bound

C. obliged

D. determined

3. I shall come to the meeting. I can’t stay till the end, _____.

A.though

B. somehow

C. therefore

D. otherwise

4. They said he was _____ of holding public office, so they decided to deprive him of his post.

A. irrelevant

B. irresponsible

C. incapable

D. indifferent

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5. The sad condition of women working as domestics _____ much media attention.

A. received

B. perceived

C. inspected

D. suspected

6. The masses cannot ____ hunting, for very soon there would be no animals left to hunt.

A. go through

B. go in for

C. go over

D. go into

7. Not until quited recently _____ that language was closely related to culture.

A. I realized

B. did realize I

C. realized I

D. did I realize

8. Robots are programmed to take over such jobs _____ welding and painting.

A. for

B. like

C. of

D. as

10. Lots of dependent babies are ______ of a liability than numbers of the inactive aged.

A. better

B. more

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C. larger

D. greater

II. Cloze Test

Choise is the opportunity to select among alternatives. If there is no choise, there is no decision to be made. Decision __11__ is the process of choosing, and many decisions have a broad range of chlise. For example, a student __12__ be able to choose among a number of different courses in order to implement the decision to obtain a college degree. For manager, every decision has constraints based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the __13__. These constraints exist __14__ all levels of the organization.

Alternatives are the possible couses of action __15__ choices can be made. If there are no alternatives, there is no choice and, therefore, __16__ decision. __17__ no alternatives are seen, often it means that a thorough job of examining the problems has not been done. For example, managers sometimes __18__ problems in an either/or fashion; this is their way of simplifying complex problems. But the tendency to __19__ blinds them to other alternatives.

At the managerial level, decision making includes limiting alternatives as well as identifying them, and the range is from highly limited __20__ practically unlimited.

11. A. made B. making C. make D. to make

12. A. must B. can C. may D. should

13. A. similar B. same C. so on D. like

14. A. at B. for C. on D. over

15. A. among what B. between them C. of that D. from which

16. A. somewhat B. some C. no D. any

17. A. As B. If C. While D. Though

18. A. treat B. meet C. face D. deal

19. A. satisfy B. simplify C. identify D. modify

20. A. before B. in C. to D. after

3 2008年10月自考英语（二）试题

Passage One

In recent years many companies of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? There is evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the worker’s life more enjoyable, it does not actually make him work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned, variety is not an important factor.

Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important and there is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machines which must be used in a fixed way. Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is usually very little that can be done to create it. Another important consideration is how much each worker contributes to the product he is making. In most factories the worker sees only one small part of the product. Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than one large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line. It would seem that not only is the degree of workers’ contribution an important factor, therefore, but it is also one we can do something about.

To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this is important. But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, they will neither want more money, nor will shorter wirking hours be so important to them.

21. The passage is mainly about how to ____.

A. promote workers’ competition

B. meet worker’s need for variety

C. ensure workers’ right of choice

D. improve workers’ performance

22. According to the writer, variety enables a worker to _____.

4 2008年10月自考英语（二）试题

A. derive more enjoyment from life

B. work in his own way more freely

C. fulfill his job requirements better

D. undertake greater responsibilities

23. We learn from the passage that freedom of choice _____.

A. can hardly function in a flexible manner

B. can hardly lead to increased productivity

C. is hardly seen as effective by companies

D. is hardly available in the modern factory

24. It can be inferred from the passage that, compared with large production lines, smaller ones give workers ____.

A. a greater variety of interesting tasks

B. a stronger sense of accomplishment

C. a better idea of the modern industry

D. a clearer picture of essential factors

25. According to the writer, higher pay can _____.

A. make tiring work more interesting

B. make up for longer working hours

C. help workers to live more happily

D. help to create greater procuctivity

Passage Two

We live in a technological society. Almost every aspect of life in the modern world is influenced (for better or worse) by technology . Communications, transportation, manufacturing, mining and exploration, the service industries, medicine, agriculture all are dominated by methods and apparatus which are the results of technological advances. The basis of technology is science. without the fundamental discoveries and understanding provided by science, technology would be hit-or-miss(随意的) affair, lacking direction and

5 2008年10月自考英语（二）试题

making little progress. One can argue that our society is beginning to suffer from too much technology, but we will never return to the primitive life of our ancestors – technology is with us and it will remain with us. Just as it is important to study history so that we can appreciate how the world came to its present state, it is important to learn some of the basic concepts of science so that we can appreciate the role that technology plays in modern society. For without some knowledge of the scientific principles by which technology operates, one can neighter cope with technology nor assist in directing it into the proper channels.

In recent times, we have had the general attitude that whatever is technologically possible should be done. It is now becoming increasingly apparent that our scientific and technological progress has outstripped (超越) our capacity to perform or absorb everything that is possible. More and more, we weill have decisions to make: in what directions should the thrust of our new discoveries be made? The situation requires that we make intelligent decisions – decisions based in a knowledge and an understanding of what can be done, what will be the benefits, and what weill be the comsequences. Scientists do not make these decisions; people make them. It is therefore incumbent (义不容辞的) on every individual to acquire the basic knowledge that weill permit him to participate intelligently in directing the course of our technological advancement.

26. According to the passage, technology can ____.

A. produce bad effects on society

B. suffer from hit-or-miss affairs

C. influence the course of science

D. restore life of the primitive age

27. According to the passage, one must learn basic concepts of science in order to ____.

A. assist in directing science in a proper way

B. contribute to the orientation of technology

C. discover the progress of science in history

D. find out about the existence of technology

28. Because the human capaity to perform or absorb everything that is possible has been outstripped, it is time for people to ____.

A. slow down the development of technology

B. reduce the role of science in modern times

6 2008年10月自考英语（二）试题

C. take a new point of view about technology

D. reevaluate the lifestyle of human ancestors

29. According to the write, it is everyone’s responsibility to participate in deciding on ____.

A. how fast scientific advancement should be

B. how fast technological progress should be

C. what to acquire and what to skip in science

D. what to do and what to avoid in technology

30. The passage is mainly about _____.

A. the influence of technology on modern society

B. the importance of learning scientific principles

C. the imp;act of scientific progress on civilization

D. the difference between science and technology

Passage Three

Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on out interpesonal relationships. One strength of the human condition is our tendency to give and receive support from one another under stressful circumstances. Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties. Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to cope with major life changes and daily problems. People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties. Studies over a range of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, reveal that the presence of social support helps people fight off illness, and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.

Social support cushions stress in a number of ways. First, friends, relatives, and co-workers may let us know that they value us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others despite our faults and difficulites. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Engaging in leisure-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the

7 2008年10月自考英语（二）试题

same time distracting us from our worries and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support – financial aid, material resources, and needed services – that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.

31. We learn from the passage that interpersonal relationships are important because _____.

A. they are essential to people’s social well-being.

B. they arouse people's desire for communication

C. they deal with problems in the informatoin era

D. they are effective in curing a range of diseases

32. Research shows that people's physical and mental health _____.

A. is related to stressful conditions

B. is related to support from others

C. relies on soical welfare systems

D. relies on the severity of diseases

33. The underlined word "cushions" (paragraph 2) most probably means ____.

A. adds up to

B. does away with

C. lessens the effect of

D. lays the foundation for

34. Social companionship is beneficial in that_____.

A. it enables people to eliminate their mistakes

B. it helps people to understand their problems

C. it adds a new meaning to people's social life

d. it creates a new focus of attention for people

35. Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work is an example of ____.

A. instrumental support

B. informational support

C. social companionship

D. increasing self-respect

8 2008年10月自考英语（二）试题

第二部分非选择题

IV. Word Spelling

36. 增长，增加v. i_ _ _ _ _ _ _

37. 想象;料想vt. i_ _ _ _ _ _

38. 特征;相貌n. f_ _ _ _ _ _

39. 贵重的,有价值的adj. v_ _ _ _ _ _ _

40. 寂静;沉默n. s_ _ _ _ _ _

41. 散布,传播v. s_ _ _ _ _

42. 放松;缓和n. r_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

43. 暗示,含有...的意思vt. i_ _ _ _

44. 敏感的,灵敏的adj. s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

45. 护照n. p_ _ _ _ _ _ _

46. 感情,情绪n. s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

47. 批评的,紧要的adj. c_ _ _ _ _ _ _

48. 城市的,都市的adj. u_ _ _ _

49. 运输vt. t_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

50. 大约的,近似的adj. a_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

51. 追求;从事vt. p_ _ _ _ _

52. 替换;代替n. r_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

53. 装置;方法n. d_ _ _ _ _

54. 分开;部门n. d_ _ _ _ _ _ _

55. 停止,结束v. c_ _ _ _

V. Word Form

56. Picture yourself vividly as ___________(defeat) and that alone will make victory impossible.

57. The most _______________(convince) evidence of black holes comes from research into binary star

9 2008年10月自考英语（二）试题

58. _______________(affect) with a serious disease, van Wendel was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery.

59. It is not yet known whether robots ____________(have) vision as good as human vision one day.

60. My family _______(be) loving and supportive. They are always ready to help me.

61. Their positive leisure attitudes are essential for ________(motivate) them to use their leisure in creative ways.

62. To these now familiar facts a number of further facts may be added, some of them only recently ____________(recognize).

63. If only he ___________________(take) my advice years ago.

64. In 1966-1967, the transformation in England __________ (lead) by the Beatles, who were already established as a fine rock group.

65. Increasingly new technology is making it __________(easy) for us to find alternative methods of testing.

VI. Translation from Chinese into English

66. 许多成功者在取得成功很久以前就曾梦想过他们的成功.

67. 任何想要理解未来工业的人都得了解机器人技术.

68. 我明天想做的就是呆在家里睡一天觉.

69. 在美国每四年举行一次总统大选.

70. 很难专心致志地干一件枯燥无味的事.

VII. Translation from English into Chinese

71. The biggest single need in computer technology is not for increase speed, or enlarged capacity, or prolonged memory, or reduced size, but for better questions and better use of the answers. Without taking anything away from the technicians, we think it might be fruitful to effect some sort of junction between the computer technologist and the poet. A genuine purpose may be served by tuning loose the wonders of the creative imagination on the kinds of problems being put to electronic technology. The company of poets may enable the men who tend the machines to see a wider range of possibilities than technology alone may

10 2008年10月自考英语（二）试题

A poet, said Aristotle, has the advantage of expressing the universal; the specialist expresses only the particular. The poet, moreover, can remind us that man's greatest energy comes not from his dynamos but from his dreams. But the quality of a man's dreams can only be a reflection of his subconscious. What he puts into his subconscious, therefore, is quite literally the most important nourishment in the world.

11 2008年10月自考英语（二）试题

自考英语二怎么学

自考英语二怎么学 自考英语二怎么学 1 英语(二)词汇记忆方法 英语二词汇要求达到3800词，词组750.有的同学问是不是就只要背下册书的词汇就行了，回答是不够的，肯定是不够的，因为词汇没有说只考下册，上册也要背。但是有人说我短期内怎么记住这些大量的词汇呢?大家词汇学习第一个应该是有一定的时间，因为有的同学说一个星期或者两个星期教给你方法能够记住几千，他这个方法有点儿像变魔术，不太现实，我觉得词汇是一个积累。因为从心理学角度来讲学词汇有两个方向，一个方向是要把词汇学习的时候印象深刻，一个词能够像串葡萄似的串出一串来，比如同义词、反义词、近义词，应该把有关联的词相互记忆。第二，词汇一定得重复，从心理学角度学词必须这样。 2 英语(二)学习重点 英语是一种语言，任何语言都是由词和句子构成的，所以光会了词，不会把这些词组成句子是不行的，因此怎么组成句子呢?得知道组成句子的规则，还有一些习惯用法，你必须要了解这种语言的文化，所以说学英语光学词是不行的，因此是除了学词以外还得学词的用法以及文化，习惯用法就是一种文化，死背根本记不住。为什么记不住?背的这个词应该是灵活的，怎么灵活呢?这个词首先要知道词性是什么，做个句子，学了一个词不会做句子造一个短语，还要大声的念，李阳疯狂英语为什么风靡全国，就是要把词大声地念出来，这样从耳朵里能够听进去的，对大脑的刺激比眼睛里看见的要强得多，所以学习词汇的一个技巧要大声念，要组一个词或者组一个短语，这样记忆比光看两遍、写几遍要好得多。

3 英语(二)考前冲刺方法 最好的方法应该是做冲刺的题目，所谓冲刺的题目就是要做一些题目跟考试的真题一样的，每一部分都是给自己做测试，做模拟题，比如要设定时间是2个半小时，考试是2个半小时，你就要用2个 半小时做模拟卷然后做考试题，因为考试的真题都有答案，最后对 一下答案看得多少分。 4 英语(二)考试如何安排考场时间 考试时间安排，总有最后的翻译题来不及做的这种情况，所以我跟大家讲主观性题目，我刚才说了有30%，一定要留出足够的时间，至少三分之一的时间来做。有一部分比较难的，就像完形填空，那 个只有10分，但是有大部分同学在那儿花的时间太多了，完形填空 一段文章是比较难的，把10个空填进去，如果耗费了很多时间不值得。因为完形填空一般的同学语法知识比较差的话，做不好这道题。但是像第一个题目词汇结构题，如果有一定的语法知识这道题应该 是可以拿到分的。再有阅读理解题，也是30分，有的同学最后来不 及把文章仔细看，就随便乱选了很容易选错，所以把三分之一的时 间一定要留给阅读理解，还有三分之一的时间留给主观性题目就是 翻译题。 注意事项 备考英语(二)最大的资本就是课本，考生最少要留一个月时间，把课文从头到尾复习一遍，力求吃透课本知识。 重复学习法当感到知识已经掌握得的差不多的时候，再重复学一次。这一次也许会获得更深的印象和更多的体会。 换位思考法在自学中，不要老是把你自己当成是“学生”，处于被动地位，而要不断的把自己摆放到“先生”的位置上，采取主动，产生不同的想法来。

自考英语二课后习题答案

自考英语二课后习题答案 【篇一：自考英语2课后练习答案(已经整理过)】 第一部分 text a 【课文译文】 怎样成为一名成功的语言学习者 决策是从可供挑选的行动方案中作出选择，目的在于确定并实现组 织机构的目标 或目的。之所以要决策是因为存在问题，或是目标或目的不对，或 某种东西妨碍目标或目的实现。 因此，决策过程对于管理人员非常重要。管理者所做的一切几乎都 与决策有关， 事实上，有人甚至认为管理过程就是决策过程。虽然决策者不能预 测未来，但他们的许多决策要求他们必须考虑未来可能会发生的情况。管理者必须对未来的事情作出最佳的猜测，并使偶然性尽可能 少地发生。但因为总是存在着未知情况，所以决策往往伴随着风险。有时失误的决策带来的后果不很严重，但有时就会不堪设想。 选择就是从多种选项中进行取舍，没有选择，就没有决策。决策本 身就是一个选 择的过程，许多决策有着很广的选择范围。例如，学生为了实现自 己获得学位的目标，可能会从多门课程中进行选择，对于管理者来说，每一个决策都受到政策、程序、法律、惯例等方面的制约，这 些制约存在于一个组织的各个部门里。 选项就是可供选择的种种可行的行动方案。没有选项，就没有选择，因而也就没 有决策。如果看不到任何选项，这意味着还没有对问题进行彻底的 研究。例如，管理者有时会用“非此即彼”的方式处理问题，这是他 们简化问题的方法。这种简化问题的习惯常常使他们看不到其他的 选项。 在管理这个层次上，制定决策包括：识别选项和缩小选项范围，其 范围小到微乎 其微，大到近乎无限。 决策者必须有某种方法来断定几种选项中的最佳选项，即哪个选项 最有利于实现

自考英语二历年试题真题及答案

2011年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试卷 I. Vocabulary and. Structure (10 points, 1 point each) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 1 .Students should_____their own interests as well as do their schoolwork. A. persuade B .pursue C. persist 2. I'd like to remind you that there is no_____on the part of suspects to answer questions. A. obligation 3. He blamed his poor performance_____jet lag. B .for 4 .We_____knowledge from our families,schools,jobs,and the mass media. 5. Not until recently_____that Thompson had ben telling the truth all along. realized I realize did realize I 6. I don’t need any help at the moment,but I_____your offer. 7 .The sad condition of women working as house servants around the world received much media_____early this year. A .importance B. attention 8 .She has no hostility to us, _____can be judged from her eyes. A. that 9 .When you're_____ a crisis, it often helps to talk to someone. through in for after over on whether the message is right or wrong should at least come after _____what the message is. out out out out II. Cloze Test (10 points,1 point each) 下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 People in all parts of the world are observing "No Tobacco Day". It is the day 11 the World Health Organization (WHO) appeals to people to stop using tobacco products. WHO hopes if people stop smoking cigarettes or 12 tobacco for one day, they will stop permanently. Health experts have warned for years that smoking can lead to heart disease, cancer and other 13 ．WHO says diseases linked to smoking kill 14 2,500,000 persons each year. Still, many people find it 15 stopping smoking. One reason is nicotine, a substance found in cigarettes. Nicotine is a drug. Its effects are 16 those of cocaine and heroin. "No Tobacco Day" is intended for smokers and 17 who earn money from tobacco sales. So businesses are urged to stop selling tobacco products for twenty-four hours. 18 are urged not to carry advertisements for cigarettes. WHO has approved plans to help reach its 19 of a "smoke-free" world. They urge governments to take action to help 20 make money by growing other crops. They also call for improved public information campaigns about the risks of smoking. 11. A. whether B. which C. when D. what

自考英语二

III. 部分练习讲解 P128 Bridging the Gap Directions: Fill in the blanks with a word or a phrase that best completes the passage. You may choose a suitable one from the list given. 解题方法：把词分类 动词名词形容词副词介词连词 fear fear unavoidable wisely without so that reach success under as long as reach between Lots of people don't dare to make mistakes. They 1 fearthat they will be ridiculed or blamed by others. They fear that they will lose their money and belongings or be 2 undera lot of stress. But risks are 3 unavoidableand they do pave the way you must tread（踩，踏）upon towards 4 succcess. Have you ever heard of someone who achieves success 5 withoutmaking any mistakes before?

So it is only natural that making mistakes in your effort to 6 reachyour dreams is considered a must, and you shouldn't worry about that as you may get a lot of advantages out of your mistakes. By making mistakes at least you then can distinguish 7 betweenthe correct and the incorrect portions of what you did. Anthony D'Angelo said: "In order to succeed you must fail, 8 so thatyou know what to do the next time", and Robert Louis Stevenson even went to the extreme as to say: "Our business in life is not to succeed, but to continue to fail in good spirits（精神抖擞，情绪高昂）." You needn't worry about anything 9 as long asyou keep on going by 10 wiselylearning from your mistakes and trying even harder.

英语二自学教程答案解析【2012年版课后习题集答案解析】

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