英语单词发音规则:
一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
元音字母读音例词
a 在开音节中[ei] name plane Jane baby cake
在闭音节中[?] bag dad hat map black back
e 在开音节中[i:] he these me Chinese
在闭音节中[e] bed let pen desk yes egg
i 在开音节中[ai] bike fly drive time nice kite
在闭音节中fish big drink sit milk swim
o 在开音节中[ou] those close go hoe home no
在闭音节中[C] clock not box shop sock
u 在开音节中[ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday
在闭音节中[∧] bus cup jump much lunch
在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音,例如:June blue ruler super
二、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
元音字母读音例词
a在[w]音后面[C] want what watch wash quality
a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前[α:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father
i在-nd -ld和gh前[ai] find child light high
o在-st -ld前[ou] most postcard old cold
o在m n v th前[∧] come monkey love mother
三、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
元音字母读音例词
a [E]E China another woman breakfast
orange comrade village cabbage
e [E] hundred student open weekend
chicken pocket begin children
i [E]/ holiday beautiful family animal
[ai] exercise satellite
o [E] second tonight somebody welcome
[Eu] also zero photo
u [E] autumn difficult
[ju:] popular congratulation January
动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如:operate
u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u(:)]音,例如:July influence February issue 在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[E]音,也可以读作音。
四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组读音例词
arar在[w]音后面[α:] car farm dark sharpener
[C:] warm quarter towards
oror在[w]音后面[C:] forty morning short
[E:] word worker worse
er ir ur [E:] certainly bird Thursday
辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如:carry sorry hurry
-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[E]音,例如:dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday
五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组读音例词
are [εE] care dare hare
ere [iE] here mere
ire [aiE] fire hire wire
ore [C:] more score before
ure [juE] pure cure
are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[E]音,例如:picture pleasure 重读元音字母加Rr,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母Rr读[r]音。例如:parent zero story during inspiring
某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如:orange very American paragraph
六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组读音例词
ai/ay [ei] afraid rain wait day play
air [εE] air hair chair pair repair
alal在f m前[C] small ball talk wall all
[C:l] always also salt almost
[α:] half calm
au/aw [C:] autumn daughter draw
ea [i:] teach easy cheap please
[e] heavy bread sweater weather
[ei] break great
ear [iE] hear dear near clear year
[εE] bear pear wear swear
[E:] earth learn early
ee [i:] jeep week green three
eer [iE] pioneer deer beer
ei/ey [ei] eight neighbour they
[i:] either key
eu/ew在j l r s后[ju:] new few newspaper
[u:] flew brew jewelry
ie/ei[s]音之后[i:] piece field receive
oa [ou] coat Joan boat goal
oar/oor [C:] roar board door floor
oi/oy [Ci] noise point boy toilet
oo [u:] broom food tooth school
book look cook foot good
ou/ow [au] flower house count down
[ou] know row throw though
[∧] young country enough
[u:] group you soup
our [C:] course your four
[auE] our hour ours
[E:] journey
ui在j l r s后[ju:i] fluid suicide tuition
[u:] juice fruit suit
七、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音
元音字组或字群读音例词
ai/ay ei/ey Sunday foreign monkey
ow [ou] yellow sparrow tomorrow
元音字组在非重读音节中读[E]音或。例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee
-sion -tion [Fn] impression nation
-sion在元音字母后[Vn] vision decision occasion
-tion在s后[tFEn] question suggestion
-sten [sn] listen
-stle [sl] whistle
-sure [VE] pleasure measure
-ture [tFE] picture culture
八、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。例如:everyday[ei] handbag[?] blackboard[C:]
有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。例如:sun太阳+ day[ei]日子>Sunday 星期天holy神圣+ day[ei]日子>holiday 假日break中断+ fast[α:]斋戒>breakfast[E] 早餐cup茶杯+ board木板[C:] >cupboard[E] 碗柜
九、辅字组的读音
辅字组读音例词
b bike bus bag
[/] bomb tomb
cc在e前或在i/y前[k] cake picture coat music
[s] face decide cinema
ch [tF] much chick rich teacher
[k] school headache chemistry
[F] machine
-ck [k] cock pocket black knock
d [d] doctor bread hand day
-dge [dV] bridge fridge
dr- [dr] children driver drink
f [f] five four breakfast
gg在e i/y前[^] bag garden go
[dV] orange large German
gh [f] cough enough
[/] light daughter high
gu- -guegu在非重读音节中[^] guess league dialogue
[^w] language anguish
h [h] hot head house hand
[/] hour honest
j [dV] jeep jar joke join July
k [k] kind bike skate make week
kn- [n] knife know knock
l [l] life milk school tall
m [m] monkey come autumn
-mn [m] autumn column solemn
nn在[k] [g]音前[n] not shine ten note
[N] uncle thank hungry
-ng [N] morning young wrong
p [p] paper plane pig ship pen
ph [f] elephant photo telephone
q [k] Iraq
qu- [kw] quality quite
r [r] red rubber ruler
s在词首或清辅音前元音字母间或浊辅音前[s] sit sleep desk
[z] music husband
sc- [sk] scarlet
[s] muscle science
sh [F] she fish shirt wash
t在通常情况下在弱读字母ia ie io前[t] ten letter meet
[F] patient nation
tch [tF] watch
th在通常情况下在冠词代词介词连词中在词尾-the -ther中[θ] thin thirty method [T] the these with than
[T] clothe fathe r weather
tr- [tr] tree train country truck
v [v] very voice love leave
w [w] week win wake sweet wait
[/] Answer two
wh-wh-在字母o前[w] what when white why
[h] who whose whole
x在重读元音前[ks] box text exercise
[gz] example exist exact
wr- [r] write
y- [j] yes yard yellow young
z [z] puzzle zero zoo
《英语常识学习机应用》
1、英语润色语位置纰缪:
谈到润色语用处时,难免要牵涉到润色语的位置。这点相当重要,因为润色语无论是单字的或者短语的或者甚或者是分句的,它们都要定位,不准越雷池一步,不然
不是语意恍惚,就是分歧句法。
下面这则室内预设商的告白,有两个小缺点一个是近义词反复;另外一个即是润色语位置不当:
“We fabricate our products from the best quality materials available and ensure refinement in the finishing works while keeping your cost at the lowest possible prices. ”
先谈近义词的反复在“while keeping your cost at the lowest possible prices”中,把“prices”改成“level”即可。要是要咀嚼好些,可把“possible”挪到“level”后头,即:“
While keeping your cost at the lowest level possible.”
此刻谈润色语位置需要解答的题目:
在“We fabricate our products from the best quality materials available”中,形容词短语“best quality”漏了介语“of”:“of best quality”如许的短语必然要摆在被润色
的表名称的词后面,即:“We fabricate our products from the materials of best quality available”;不然,就把“quality”去失,只留住“best”也可:“We... from the best materials available.”
上述这两种小毛病虽则不是很遍及,可是也会碰到看看这几个实例就懂患上了:
①Do you know the man who talked to you in a white shirt?
这搭的形容词短语“in a white shirt”以及所润色的表名称的词“the man”脱离太远,不安妥,要移前:“Do you know the man in a white shirt who talked to you ?”
②A dog is a good helper that is well-trained.
这搭的形容词分句“that is well-trained”润色表名称的词“the dog”,不是“a good helper”,是以要以及不错的对象靠拢:“A dog that is well-trained is a good helper.
”表名称的词润色语的位置重要,动词润色语的位置也不成草率例如:
③The Board of Directors only has meeting once a month.
这搭的副词“only”显然是要润色“once a month”,那末就应该把它移过去:“The Board of Directors has meeting only once a month.”
④The man needed a bandage for his wound badly.
这搭的状况副词“badly”润色动词“needed”既然云云,它就要移到“needed”以前:“The man badly needed a bandage for his wound.”
⑤Though the standard of living is raised, the costs of living are increasing also.
习气上,“also”这个位置属于“too”的;“also”可以到“are increasing”中心去;
“Though the standard of living is raised, the costs of living are increasing, too.”或者“Though the standard of living is raised, the costs of living are also increasing.”
2、发音法则
碰见一个没有音标的不认识的词按照这个法则就能不错地把这个词读出来:
音缀的焦点是元音,由一个或者几个元音字母来担任,少量辅音字母,如l、m、n也可组成非重拼音缀,一个音缀里可以只有一个元音字母,而没有其他的字母,如I、a元音字母的前边或者后面可以有一个或者两个辅音字母,或者先后都有辅音字母,如We、She、
at、ask、box、them、desk
基本法则与注音方法
音缀符号说明:
▲──一个辅音字母
●──一个元音字母
◆──一个或者几个辅音字母
[ ] ──括号中为可选项,即可以没有
1.元音字母在开音缀中读“长音”
绝对开音缀[◆]●:以一个元音字母末端的重拼音缀该元音字母读它在字母表中的音(名称音),即所说的的“长音”必要时,在上边同等横注音如me、no、hi、sky、stūdent 相对于开音缀[◆]●▲e:一个元音字母加一个辅音字母(r不计算在内)再加一个不发音的字母e,如:name, these, bike, note, tube
2. 元音字母在闭音缀中读短音
闭音缀[◆]●◆: 是指一个元音字母加辅音字母(r不计算在内)末端的音缀该元音字母读它的“短音”必要时,在上边同等斜点注音如at, not, with, catch , stùdy 凡是都说重读闭音缀,那应该有非重读闭音缀的吧有无重读开音缀呢这个重读是音标标注的那个吗?
实在,开音缀、闭音缀都是重拼音缀没有非重读开、闭音缀
说重读闭音缀,实在这个“重读”是非限制性定语有如说我那鹤发苍苍的老妈妈同样,其实不是说我另有另外一个年轻的妈妈一个单词一般只有一个重拼音缀其他的都为非重
拼音缀轻音缀中的元音字母不是发[i]就是发[2].记住:重音要准,轻音要滚stùdy,以及stūdent都是两个音缀注音只注重拼音缀中的元音字母怎么懂患上这个音缀是否
重读呢?
1. 单音缀词都是重拼音缀
2. .双音缀词凡是是熬头个音缀重读(前缀不重读)
3. .多音缀词在倒数第3个音缀上重读
注重近似以下的变音
[sp-][sk-][st-]的发音,如辞汇sp-ort,sch-ool,st-and,等词,发音时[p][k][t]相应的酿成[b][g][d]等.
Spaces Sport Speak Student steady[stedi].不变的,安定的
stock[stCk]股票
skirt[skE:t].裙子skeeter[ski:te]蚊虫skull[skQl]头脑,颅骨
当单词的前边是a,be ,de,re,mis,ex,dis,com等时,它的重音通常为在第二个音缀上如......你本身
1.按发音法则记
起首记清啥子是开音缀,啥子闭音缀以不发音的e末端的单词是开音缀;以元音末端的单词是绝对开音缀反之以辅音末端的单词是闭音缀元音在开音缀单词内里发它字
母本身的音,在闭音缀单词内里也有它的发音法则如:
name——map time——sit
[ei] [?] [ai] [i]
my,why——many,sixty(y是半元音)等
[ai] [i]
a
在重拼音缀中,ss前发[a:]的音如:glass,class,classroom等
2.按字母组合记
在记all这个单词时,记住这个单词字母组合发[?:l]的音在记tall,wall,small,ball 等单词时,温习all,如许顿时就能记住
3.相同字母组合的单词放在一路记
如:for,forty,horse,morning,sport等都有or字母组合,发[ ?:]的音在记now[au]时,先温习cow,how,掌握字母组合的发音
4.换一字母记
如:coat——goat在记goat单词时,先温习coat,只换一个字母,就能读出来并且其时就能记住又如:big——bag,in——on,man——map,map——cap等
5.加一字母记
在记any时,温习an(不稳定冠词),在an后面加一字母y,就是新学的单词any如an——any等
6.去一字母记
在记back以前,温习black去失l就是新学的单词back如:black——back等
7.派生词放在一路记
在记classroom以前,先温习class以及room,把这两个单词合在一路就是所要学的新单词如:class,room——classroom;to,day——today;home,work——homework等8.音同,字不同的单词放在一路记
如:too——two,there——their,our——hour,[tu:] [e??] [au?] right——write 等
[rait]
9.容易读错的单词放在一路记
如:horse——house等
[ ?:] [au]
10.反义词放在一路记
如:open——关上,long——short等
11.相对于的词组放在一路记
如:go to school——go home,get up——go to bed等
12.前置词放在一路记如:in,on,of,at,to,for,near,beside,under,behind,in front of等
1)时间前边用前置词at如:at twelve,at ten fifteen等
2)公共汽车站、火车站前边用前置词at 如:at the bus stop,at the railway station 等
3)午时,黑夜等前边用前置词at 如:at noon,at night,at home,at work,at school,at the factory,at the cinema,at once,at first,at last,at a street corner,at that time,at the foot of,at the end of,at the doctor’s,at the age of,at the Children’s Palace,at the gate等1)早上,下战书,晚上,白日,周(礼拜),月,年,四季(春、夏、秋、冬)等前边用前置词in
如:in the morning,in the aftetnoon,in the evening,in a day,in a week,in a month,in a year,in spring,in summer,in autumn,in winter等又如:in the tree,in the street但road 前边用前置词on如:on the road
2)礼拜几前边用前置词on 如:on Sunday,on Monday——on Saturday等
13.冠词用场记
a,an表示数目有“—”,an用在元音前边The是特指或者措辞人两边都懂患上如:a boy,an appleThe book is on the desk
14.人名,地名,国名,周日,专出表名称的词熬头字母大写记如:Mike,Beijing,China,Monday,Young Pioneer等
15.辞性归性记
如:表名称的词,代词,形容词,动词,前置词等
如:book,bike,these,they,yellow,green,come,guess,in,behind等
16.单词分类记
如:1)进修用品:bag,pencil——box等2)服装鞋帽:cap,coat,shoe等3)食品:cake,egg等4)交通东西:bike,car,bus等5)动物:
sheep,horse,pig等6)人士:people,girl,student等
17.辞性变化记如:work——worker,teach——teacher,drive——driver等
18.W,h发音记
单词中w,h在一路,一般w发音[w]但h后面是元音字母“o”时,h发音[h]如:what,white,why,where;who,whose等19.路程经过过程句型记在背句型的历程中,把单词记下
如:How many days are there in a week?路程经过过程背这个句型,记住week这个单词如许句型背会了,单词也记住了
20.白话记
俗语说:拳不离手,曲不离口英语要时常讲,记下的单词以及句子,惯用语就不容易忘。
如:May I come in?yes,come in.(Come in,please.)
May I 关上the window?Yes,do (please).
How are you?I’m all right(fine) ,thank you.
Excuse me. May I ask a question?
Yes. What is it?等
只有时常讲,上口,记下的句子不单忘没完,单词也就记住了,并且当要用的时辰就能脱口而出。
21.唱英语歌曲记
路程经过过程唱英语歌,不单记住了单词以及句子还提高了进修英语的兴趣,提高了赏识音乐的领会艺术品的美能力
22.路程经过过程单词记音标,按照音标志单词不错掌握48个音标(元音20个,辅音28个)掌握五个元音的发音法则如:
[ei] [I:] [ai] [?u] a— e— i(y)— o—
[?] [e] [i] [?] excuse [(j)u:]—u— blue [?]
给一个单词注音标的时辰,起首判断是开音缀还是闭音缀之后在单词里找元音是开音缀的,元音发它字母本身的音是闭音缀的,发它划定的音(词的结尾是e的,e一般不发音两个e不计算在内如:see)反之由音标写单词也是同样,按照它的拼音法则开具相应的单词不法则单词不计算在内如:have[h?v,h ?v]
1)开,闭音缀:
plate——[pleit] [greid]——grade thank——[θ?ηk] [b?g]——bag bike——[baik] [?ain]——shine fish——[fi?] [?ip]——ship etc. 2)字母组合按发音法则记如:
tea ——[ti:] [mi:t]——meat see ——[si:] [ni:d]——need down——[daun] [nau]——now
2、句型归类,
中学英语分为两大类:
1.“是”句(verb to be):凡句子里有am,is,are,was,were的句子,略称为“是”句Be going to以及there be布局属“是”句
2.“动”句(verb to do):谓语是举动动词或者实义动词的句子,略称为“动”句
3.句子分类按句子用场分为四种:
1)陈述句;
2)疑难句(①一般疑难句,②特殊疑难句即W,h句因为这类疑难句开首熬头个字母是W或者h③选择疑难句,④反意疑难句);
3)命令句;
4)感慨句
按句子布局分为三种:1)简略句;2)并列句;3)复合句
4.there be布局(包孕some以及any的用处)
5.Have句(verb to have):凡句子里浮现have,has,had的句子,略称为have句
6.Will句:凡句子里浮现will,shall,would,should的句子,略称为will句
7.情句:凡句子里浮现情态动词can,may,must等的句子,略称为情句等
记句型先记基本句型基本句型记住了以后,可替换单词反复操练,掌握了基本句型,后酿成否认句,再酿成一般疑难句,必定、否认回应最后酿成复数形式的句子再变为一般疑难句……(变化同前)进一步可划线提问等同窗之间可任什么时候间举行对话造成氛围,形成情况本身也可用同样的方法举行操练对话以及朗读课文时带留心情,说话调调。
三、语法编成口诀记
1.There be布局(存在有)
有句型,there be,有某物,在某地”(表存期近存在有)如:There are some pens on the desk.酿成一般疑难句口诀:“是调前,改大、号”Are there any
pans on the desk?回应:Yes,there are (some).No,there are’t(any).注:are调在前边,a 大写,句号变问号Some用在必定句,any用在疑难句或者否认句里
2.Have句(隶属有)
如:She has an English book酿成一般疑难句口诀:“have调前,改大、号”Has she an English book回应:Yes,she has.No,she hasn’t.注:美国英语
按动句变如:Dose she have an English book?回应:Yes,she does.No,she doesn’t.3.Will句
如:I will (shall) go to your school tomorrow afternoon.酿成一般疑难句口诀“will调前,改大、号”Will you go (come) to our school tomerrow afternoon?
答:Yes,I will (shall).No,I won’t (shan’t).
4.情句
如:I can answer this question.酿成一般疑难句口诀:“情调前,改大、号”Can you answer this question?回应:Yes,I can. No,I can’t.
5.动句
如:I study English.酿成一般疑难句,需用助动词口诀:“do加前,改大、号”
Do you study English?回应:Yes,I do. No,I don’t.又如:He studies English.酿成一般疑难句口诀:“每一碰到,三特殊,用does,不消do,加does,要注重,前
边加,后面去”Does he study English?
回应:Yes,he does. No,he doesn’t.
注:三特殊即he,she,it前边用助动词does,后面studies还原去s。
用通俗的语言把基本语法编成口诀,象背乘法口诀那样子上口掌握了语法,不至于将所学的单词,词组死搬硬套按英语习气举行操练,持之以恒,就能取患上杰出的效果。
学英语如盖房,词如砖,法如梁语法通了,从中找出纪律及习气用处反过来路程经过过程语法记单词,记单词中心学语法彼此影象语音,说话调调掌握了基本常识以后,路程经过广播、电视机、影戏来仿照斗胆实践,天然就处理完成了这个需要解答的题目。