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高中英语语法大全归纳总结-高中语法归纳总结

高中英语语法大全归纳总结-高中语法归纳总结
高中英语语法大全归纳总结-高中语法归纳总结

高中英语语法权威解析

目录:

第01章名词性从句

第02章“It”用法及其句型与固定搭配讲解

第03章高中英语语法中得省略现象

第04章主谓一致

第05章动词不定式

第06章倒装结构

第07章定语从句

第08章被动语态

第09章祈使句

第10章感叹句

第11章疑问句

第12章名词

第一章名词性从句

在句子中起名词作用得句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。名词性从句得功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同得语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句与同位语从句、一. 主语从句

主语从句就是在复合句中充当主语得从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替,而本身放在句子末尾。

1. It 作形式主语与it引导强调句得比较

It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要就是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句得连接词没有变化、而i t引导得强调句则就是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调得就是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom、例如:

a) It isapitythatyoudidn’t go to seethefilm.您不去瞧那场电影真可惜。

b) It doesn’tinterest me whetheryou succeed or not、我对您成功与否不感兴趣、

c) Itisin themorning thatthe murder took place. 谋杀案就是在早上发生得、(强调句型)

d) It is John that broke thewindow。就是John打碎得窗户。(强调句型)

2、用it 作形式主语得结构

(1)It is + 名词+从句

It is afact that…事实就是…

It is an honor that …非常荣幸

It iscommon knowledge that …就是常识

(2)It is + 形容词+从句

It is natural that…很自然…

It isstrange that…奇怪得就是…(3) It is+不及物动词+ 从句

Itseems that…似乎…

It happenedthat…碰巧…

Itappears that…似乎…

(4) It + 过去分词+从句

It is reported that…据报道…

Ithasbeen proved that…已证实…

It is said that…据说…

3、主语从句不可位于句首得五种情况:

(1)if引导得主语从句不可居于复合句句首、

(2)Itissaid /reported…结构中得主语从句不可提前、例如:

正确表达:Itis saidthat President Jiang will visitour schoolnext w eek.

错误表达:That PresidentJiangwill visit our school next week is said.

(3)Ithappens/occurs…结构中得主语从句不可提前。例如:

正确表达:It occurredto him that he failed in the examination、

错误表达:That hefailed inthe examination occurred to him。

(4)Itdoesn’t matterhow/whether …结构中得主语从句不可提前。例如:

正确表达:Itdoesn’t matterwhetherhe is wrongor not、

错误表达:Whether he is wrong ornot doesn't matter。

(5)含主语从句得复合句就是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如:

正确表达:Is it likely thatitwill rain in theevening?

错误表达:Is that willrainin the evening likely?

4。what与that 在引导主语从句时得区别

what引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语。宾语。表语,而that 则不然。例如:

a) What yousaid yesterdayisright。

b) Thatshe is stillalive isaconsolation

二。宾语从句

宾语从句就就是在复合句中作宾语得名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。

1、作动词得宾语

(1) 由that引导得宾语从句(that通常可以省略), 例如:

I heard that be joinedthe army。我听说她参军了。

(2) 由what, whether(if) 引导得宾语从句,例如:

a) She did not knowwhat had happened.她不知道发生了什么。

b)I wonderwhether you can change this note for me、我想知道您就是否能帮我改一下笔记。

(3) 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如:

She told methatshe wouldaccept myinvitation. 她对我说她会接受我得邀请。

2。作介词得宾语,例如:

Our successdependsupon how well we can cooperate with one anot her。我们得成功取决于我们之间得合作。

3. 作形容词得宾语,例如:

Iam afraid(that) I’ve made a mistake、我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。注意:that 引导得从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:anxious, aware,certain, confident, convinced,determined,glad,proud, surprised, worried,sorry, thankful,

ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后得that 从句得瞧作原因状语从句、

4、it 可以作为形式宾语

it 不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正得宾语that 从句则放在句尾,特别就是在带复合宾语得句子中。例如:

Weheardit that shewouldget married next month、我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。

5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句得动词

这类动词有allow, refuse,let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate,di slike, love,help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导得宾语从句、如:

正确表达:I admiretheir winning the match。

错误表达:Iadmire thattheywon the match、

6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语得动词

有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句“结构中,常见得有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress,forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如:

正确表达:Heimpressedthemanager as an honestman.

错误表达:He impressedthe manager that hewas anhonest man.

7、否定得转移

若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等,其后得宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。例如:

Idon’t think thisdress fits youwell。我认为这件衣服不适合您穿。

三、表语从句

表语从句在复合句中作表语得名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构就是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句得连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句得that常可省略。另外,常用得还有the reason isthat…与It is because等结构。例如:

1) The question is whether we canmake good preparation in such a short time。2)This iswhy we can’tget the supportof the people。

3)Butthe fact remainsthat we are behindtheother classes、

4) The reason he is late forschoolisthat hemissed theearlybus。

四、同位语从句

同位语从句就就是在复合句中作名词得同位语得名词性从句。

1. 同位语从句得功能

同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词得具体内容,一般由that引导,例如:

1) The king’s decision thatthe prisoner would besetfreesurprisedallthe people、

2) Theorder that allthesoldiersshould staystillis givenbythe general、

2、同位语在句子中得位置

同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明得名词后面,而就是被别得词隔开。例如:

Hegot the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off。

3.同位语从句与定语从句得区别

(1)定语从句中得that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中得that就是连词,只起连接主句与从句得作用,不充当句中任何成分、

(2)定语从句就是形容词性得,其功能就是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定得性质或特征;同位语从句就是名词性得,其功能就是对名词进行补充说明。例如:

1)Thenewsthathetold me is thatTom would go abroadnext year.(她告诉我得消息就是汤姆明年将出国。)(第一个that引导得从句就是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语)

2)The news that Tomwould go abroad is toldbyhim。(汤姆将出国得消息就是她讲得。)(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分)

高一英语名词性从句专项练习

1.____he does has nothing todo withme、

A、whatever

B、No matterwhat

C、That

D、If

2、The manager cameover andaskedthecustomer how____

A. did the quarrel came about B。the quarrel had come about

C. had the quarrele about

D. had the quarrele about

3、Energy is____makes thing work、。

A、what B。something C. anything D。that

4。Informationhas beenput forward ____more middleschool gradu ateswill be admitted into universities。

A。while B。thatC。when D、as

5、This is ___the Shenzhou V Spaceshiplanded、

A。there B.in which C、where D。when

6。Theyhave no idea at all____.

A。where he has gone B。where did hego

C。which place hashe gone D、where hashe gone

7. Thedoctor dida lot to reducethepatient’sfear ____he would die of the disease.

A、thatB、which C.of whichD、ofthat

8、Theorder came ___the soldiers ____thesmall village the next mor ning。

A.that;hadto leaveB。that; should leave

C. /; mustleave

D. when; should leave

9、___isno possibility ____Bob can win thefirst prize in the match。

A. There; that B、It; that C、there; whether D、It;whether

10、Thequestion cameup atthemeeting_____ we had enoughmoney forour research。

A。that B、which C。whether D。if

11。Is_____hesaidreallytrue?

A、that B。what C. why D.whether

12。____themeetingshould lasttwo daysor threedaysdoesn’t m atter。

A、ThatB. Whether C.IfD. Where

13、It worried hera bit _____herhair wasturning gray.

A、while B。if C. that D。for

14。???_____more countriescan use natural energy in thefuturer emains to be seen.

A、WhetherB。This C.who D、If

15、____he will goto work in a mountainvillagesurprisesall of us.

A。What B。That C.WhetherD、If

16。____you don’t likehim is noneof my business。

A、What B、ThatC。WhoD、How

17.____all the inventions haveincommon is____they have succeeded、

A。What; what B、That; that C。what; that D、That; what

18. ____appeared to methat he enjoyed the food verymuch、

A. WhatB、ItC。All that D. That

19。It iswidely ______that smoking cancause cancer、

A、believed B。think C. say D. hoped

20、____causedthe accident isstill a plete mystery.

A.What B、That C、How D。Where

Keys:

1—5 ABABC 6—10AABAC11—15BBCAB 16—20 BCBAA

第二章“It”用法及其句型与固定搭配讲解

"It”用法及其句型与固定搭配,就是高中英语语法得重点、难点,又就是近几年高考得热点,因此应给予充分得重视,现将it用法归纳如下:

一、It用作实词

表达以下概念:指代前文提到得事物,前文中得this, that;替代前文中得内容;指代一位性别不明得小孩或未知得人;指代未指明但谈话双方都知道得那件事;指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象……

二、It用作形式主语

替代作主语得从句、动词不定式、动名词,而把真正作主语得从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾、

It 作形式主语得常见句型:

1、代作主语得动词不定式,其句型为

(1) It be adj.(for sb。) to do sth.

此处adj、通常为描述事件得形容词:easy, difficult,hard,necessary, unnecessary, possible, impossible, likely,unlikely, right, wrong, important, unimportant, legal, illegal, well-mannered, ill-mannered, polite,impolite, clear, obvious, certain, suitable,proper,fit,useful, useless, dan gerous…

例It is illegal(for a teenager) to drive a carwithout a license、

(2) It beadj、of sb. todo sth。

此处adj。通常为描述人得形容词:kind,unkind, nice, rude, cruel, considerate, thoughtful, thoughtless,careful, careless, silly, foolish, stupid, clever, wise,crazy、

例It’s kind of youto help me with the problem.

(3) It替代作主语得动名词得常见句型

It's no good/use doing…

It's(well)worthdoing…

It's (well)worth one’s while doing/to do…

It's(well)worth whiledoing/ to do

例It's no use cryingover spilt milk、

2。It替代作主语得从句常见句型

(1)Itis+ noun +从句

例It isno secretthatthe president wants tohave a secondterm atoffice、

(2) Itis adj、+clause

It's surprisingthat…(should)………竟然……

It's a pity/shamethat…(should)………竟然……

例It’simportantthat you should apologize to herfor yourrudeness。(=It’s of muchimportance thatyou should apologizeto her fo ryourrudeness。)

(3) Itverb sb、+ clause= Itis v—ing+clause

It+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze

/bother/concern/frighten/please/anger sb. that…

例Itworried me that she drove sofast。(=It wasworryingthat she drove so fast、)

(4) It verb(to sb。) that…= sb/sth verb to do

(verb = appear, seem, come about,emerge, follow, chance, happen,occur,transpire,turn out,work out)

例It (so) happened/chanced that theywere out。(=They happened/chanced to beout。)

(5)It is v-edthat…=sb/sth is to do

(verb=say, report,think, believe, hope, expect, agree, accept, decide, determine, intend, plan,understand, know)

例Itis said that thecouplehave gotten divorced.(=The couple aresaidto have gotten divorced、)

(6) It is v-edthat… (should)…

(verb=demand, request,require, order, suggest, advise,remend

例It is suggested that theyshould beginwith thethird que stion、

三、It作主语得句型

1。It takes sb。…to do…(=sbtakes…todo…)某人用多长时间做某事

例Ittook themen aweek to mendourroof.(= The mentook aweek to mend our roof。)

2. It’s(just)(un)likesb。to do…(不)像某人做某事得风格

例It was (just) like himto think of helpingus。

3。It’s (about/high)time that…should/v—ed…就是该做某事得时候了例It’s(about/high) timethat weshould take action、

4.It’sthe x-thtime (that) …havev-ed…第几次做某事了

例It’sthethirdtimethat he has failedthe driving test、

5、It is/hasbeen…since …continuous v—ed(延续性动词)某动作已有多长时间不发生了

例It’s 10 years that helived here

6.It was(not)…before…过(不)了多长时间某动作发生了

例It was not long before they arrived。

四、It 作形式宾语

用来替代作宾语得从句、动词不定式、动名词,而把真正作宾语得从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。

It 作形式宾语得常见句型:

1. verb+it+adj、/noun(for/of) to do/clause(verb=think,believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…)

例I thinkit hard for youto dothe task on yourown./I thinkithard that you'll do the task on your own、

2. verb+it+adj。/noun(one’s)doing(adj。=useless/worth/worthwhile)(noun=no use/no good/worth one’s while/a wasteof time/money/en ergy/words) (verb=think, believe, suppose,consider, feel,make, keep…)例I'll make it worth yourwhile telling me about his secret.

3、verb+it+ important/unimportant/necessary/unnecessary/natural/essent ialthat …(should)…

verb+it+of much/great/no/little importance that…(should)…

(verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make,keep…)

例I thinkit important thatyou(should)attendthe conference、

4。verb + it+ as+noun/adj.+ clause (verb=accept,regard, take, see, view)

例The lecturertakesit as encouraging whensomany students attend his lecture、

5。v。+it +prep、+ that…

owe it tosb。that…把…归功于…

leaveit tosbthat…把…留给某人去做

take itfor grantedthat …想当然

keep itin mind that…

例Don't bothertoarrange anything、Just leave ittome tosort out、

6、It用在不能直接跟宾语从句得动词后面,尤其就是表示好恶得动词后,enjoy, l ike, love, dislike,resent, hate, don't mind, befond of, feel like, see to 宾语从句紧跟it之后

例I hate it you can swimso well and I can't.

7。It用在不能直接跟宾语从句得介词后面,宾语从句紧跟it之后(except that 例外)

例I'm for itthat you will follow theiradvice。

五、强调句型

It is/was+被强调部分+ that(who)…强调句型用来强调谓语动词以外得任何句子成分。当被强调部分就是人时也可以用who。

在使用强调句型时需注意以下几点:

1、请注意强调句型得特殊疑问句

例When was itthat he changed hismind to take part inthe activity?

2、在强调原因状语从句时,只能强调由because所引导得从句

例Itwasbecausehe wasill that he didn't cometo school yesterday、

3、在强调not …until结构时必须把not与until一起放到被强调得位置上

例It was not untilshe took off her darkglassesthat I realized she wasmy brother、

4、注意强调句型与定语从句得区别

例It was at 7 o'clock thathe came here yesterday.(强调句型) It was 7 o'clock when he came here yesterday、(定语从句)

六、It常用得固定搭配

1、makeit

(1)、在口语当中相当于succeed,表示:成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达

例It's hard to makeit tothe top in showbusiness。

(2)。在口语中相当于fix thedate for,表示“约定好时间”

例-Shall we meet next week?

—OK. Wejustmakeit next Saturday、

2. as itis

(1)。相当于in fact,inreality表示“事实上,实际情况就是……”

例We hadplaned to finish thetasktoday,butas it is we probably won’t finishit until nextweek。

(2)、相当于方式状语从句,表示“照原样”

例Leave the tableasitis。

3、as itwere 相当于asonemightsay, that is to say, 表示“也就就是说,可以说,换句话说”

例He is,as it were, a modern Sherlock Holmes.

4、ifitweren't for…/if ithadn'tbeenfor…用来引导虚拟语气,相当于without, or butfor, 表示“如果不就是……,要不就是……"

例If it weren't for Tom, I wouldn’t be alive today。

5、that's it

(1)。相当于That'sall、That's so much。表示“至此为止,没有别得了”

例Youcanhave onemore sweet, and that’s it。

(2). 相当于That’sright、表示“对啦"

例—Iguess the keyto the problemis thechoice “A"

—That's it、

6、catch it 在口语中,相当于be punished/scolded for doing sth、wrong。表示“因做错事而挨骂,受责备,受批评,受惩罚”

例We'llreally catch it form our teacher if we're late for class again。

7、haveit

(1)。相当于say, insist表示“说,主张,表明,硬说”

例Rumour has it thattheyaregettingdivorced。

(2)。相当于get to knowsomething,表示“了解,知道,获悉”

例Ihad it from John that she was going abroad.

8。have whatit takes在口语中,相当于be well qualifiedfor, 表示“具有成功得条件”

例You can take it fromme thatyour daughter has whatit takes to be a star、

9。so it seems /appears。

10。Keepat it! (Don’tgiveup!)相当于go on,表示“继续做,不放弃”

例My teacher asked me to keepat it.

11。Go it!(Go on!) 拼命干,莽撞

12. Now you have done it!(You have done sth。wrong、)

13、Now you'llcatch it!(You'll be punished、)

14、Asit happened,…在口语中,相当于it’s a pitythat…, 表示“真不凑巧,真遗憾”

例As ithappened, they were out、

15.As it turned out,…在口语中,相当于it was found to be in the end, 表示“最后被证明就是”

例As it turned out, his statementwas false、

16、Such as it is(theyare) 在口语中,相当于althoughit may notbe worthmuch, 表示“虽然没有多大价值”

例You can borrow myexam notebook, suchas it is。

17。Take it/thingseasy。相当于Don’t worry ordon't hurry。用来劝告别人,表示“不要慌,别担心,存住气”

例Take it easy!He will do it well、

18、Takeit from me。在口语中,相当于believe me what I say、表示“请相信我得话,我敢担保”

例You can takeit frommethathe willmakeit this time、

19。For whatit is worth…在口语中,相当于although I’m not sure it’sof value, 表示“不管其价值如何”

例Hereis the article I promise you,for what it’s worth.

20. Worth it 在口语中,相当于useful,表示“有好处,值得做”

例Don't hesitateaboutit!It's worth it.

21。Believe it or not、表示“信不信由您”

例Believe itornot, Tom isgettingmarried to Mary next Sunday、

22。Takeitor leaveit. v。要么接受要么放弃

例That is my lastoffer. You can take it or leaveit、

23. Italldepends/that all depends 在口语中,相当于it hasn't beendecided yet, 表示“那得瞧情况,还没有定下来”

例—Are you going to the countryside for holiday?

—It/That all depends、

24. It's upto sb。在口语中,相当于it’s decided bysb. 表示“由……决定,由……负责,取决于……"

例—Shallwe gooutfordinner?

—It’s up to you、

“It”用法及其句型与固定搭配专练

1、Wasit during the Second World War_____ hedied?

A。thatB、while C.in which D.then (88)

2. Is ____necessarytocompletethe designbefore National Day?

A.this

B.thatC。it D、he(89)

3、Idon’t think____possible to masteraforeignlanguage withoutmuch memory work、

A、thisB。that C.its D、it (91)

4。Does______ matter if he can't finish the jobon time?

A。thisB、that C。he D。it(91)

5。It was not_____ she took off herglasses_____ I realized she was a famousfilmstar.

A.when ,thatB。until, thatC。until ,that D.when, then(92)

6、Iwas disappointed with thefilm。I hadexpected______ tobemuch better、

A。that B。this C.oneD。it(93)

7。It was notuntil1920 ______ regular radio broadcasts began.

A、while B.which C。thatD、since(94)

8. ______is a fact thatEnglish isbeing accepted as an international language、

A、There B.This C、That D.It(95)

9、Itwas only when Ireread thispoemsrecently _____ I began to appreciate their beauty.

A、until

B、that C。thenD、so(97)

10。I hate_____when people talkwith their mouths full、

A、it B、that C.theseD。them (98)

11. It istheabilityto do the job _____ mattersnot where youe from or what you are、

A。one B、that C、what D。it (2000)

12.I like ___in theautumn when the weather is clearand bright。(2004)

A。this B、that C、it D。one

13。—Do youlike___ here?

—Oh, yes。The air, the weather, thewayoflife、Everything is so nice。(全国卷)

A、this B、These C. That D。it

14。Weneeded a new cupboard for the kitchen。So Peter made_

__from some wood、(全国卷)

A。it B. OneC、Himself D. another

15。The foreign Minister said, ”_____ ourhopethatthe two side swill worktowardspeace."(2004北京)

A、This is B。There is C.That isD。It is

16、_____isreportedin the newspaper,talks between thetwocountries are making progress.(2004北京)

A、It B、As C、ThatD。What

17。—How often do youeat out?(2004, 天津)

—________, but usually once a week、

A. Have no idea B。Itdepends C. AsusualD。General ly speaking

18。We wantedto get homebefore dark, but it didn't quite_____as planed。(2004浙江卷)

A. make out B。turnout C. go on D. comeup

19. - Whatdoyou want todo next? We havehalf anhour untilthe bask etball game.

—________、Whatever youwant to do is fine with me。

A、Itjustdepends B、It's up to you C。All right D。Glad tohear that

20. Itwas ____ backhome afterthe experiment.

A. not until midnight did he go

B。until midnight thathe didn't go

C。not until midnight that hewent

D、untilmidnightwhen he didn’t go

KEYS:

1—5 ACDDB 6-10 DCDBA 11-15ACDBD16—20 BBBBC

第三章高中英语语法中得省略现象

在英语语言中,为了使语言简洁明了,重点突出或上下文紧密相连,可以省去某些句子成分而保持句子愿意不变,这种语言现象称之为省略、现就英语中得种种省略现象分析如下: 一、并列复合句中得省略

在并列句中后边得分句可以省略与前边分句中相同得成分、如:

a) Theboy picked up a coin inthe roadand(the boy ) handed it to a policeman. 这个男孩在马路上拾起一枚硬币并把她交给了警察。

b) Youradvice made me happybut(your advice made) Tom angry .您得建议使我高兴但使汤姆生气、

c) Tom must have beenplaying basketball and Mary (musthave been)doing her homework. 汤姆肯定一直在打篮球,玛丽一直在写作业。

d) Gao Xiuminwasbornin1959 andFu Biao(was born) in 1963.高秀敏出生于1959年,傅彪出生于1963年。

二、主从复合句中得省略

1.状语从句中得省略

一般说来省略现象多出现在下列五种状语从句中:由when,while ,as ,before, after,till, until, once等引导得时间状语从句;由whether,if , unless等引导

得条件状语从句;由though, although,evenif,whatever等引导得让步状语从句;由as ,than等引导得比较状语从句;由as, as if , as though等引导得方式状语从句。上述状语从句在省略时应遵循下面原则:

1) 当状语从句得主语与主句得主语一致时,可以省略状语从句得主语与系动词be,这时从句中可出现如下结构:(1) 连词(as, as if, once)+ 名词; (2) 连词( though, whether, when)+形容词;(3)连词(whether,as if ,while)+介词短语;(4) 连词(when , while, though )+ 现在分词; (5)连词(when,if ,even if ,unless,once ,until, than,as )+过去分词;(6)连词(as if,as though )+不定式。如:

a) Once (hewas)a worker ,PangLongnow bees a famoussinger.庞龙曾经就是个工人,现在变成一位著名得歌手。

b)Work hard when (you are) young,or you'llregret、趁年轻要努力学习,要不然您会后悔得。

c)He looked everywhere as if (he was)insearchof something、她到处瞧似乎在找什么东西。

d) While (he was) holding talks with President Hu Jintao ,US PresidentGeorge W。BushthankedChinaforitsimportant role inthe Six —Party Talks、美国总统布什在与胡锦涛主席会谈时,感谢中国在六方会谈中起得重要作用。

e) The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected。这次展览比被预料得有趣得多、

f) Olympicgold medallisthurdlerLiu Xiang opened hislipsasif(he were)to speak、奥林匹克金牌获得者跨栏运动员刘翔张开嘴好像要说什么。

注意:

1) 当从句得主语与主句得宾语一致时,间或也有这样得省略,如:

Herfather told her to becareful when(she was)crossingthestreet.当她过马路时父亲告诉她要当心。

2) 当从句得主语就是it,谓语动词中又含有系动词be时,可以把it与系动词be一起省略。此时构成连词(if, unless ,when , whenever)+形容词得结构。如:

Unless (it is) necessary ,you’dbetter notrefer to thedictionary。如果没有必要,您最好不要查字典、

2.定语从句中得省略

1)一般说来,在限制性定语从句中,作宾语得关系代词that ,which, whom 可以省略;如:

Is this reason(that)he explained atthe meeting forhis carelessness in his work?这就就是她在会上解释她工作中粗心得原因吗?(2002上海春季)而在非限制性定语从句中作宾语得关系代词which , whom 不可以省略。试比较:

Tom(whom) you saw yesterday fellill、(whom可以省) 您昨天见到得汤姆病倒了、

Tom, whom you sawyesterday ,fell ill。(whom不可以省) 汤姆病倒了,您昨天见到她了。

2)在口语与非正式用语中,关系副词when ,where, 与why 经常用that 来代替,甚至还可省略。如:

a) Thisis the first time (when/that)hehadtrouble with the boss.这就是她第一次麻烦老板、

b) Hewantsto find a good place (where/that) we can haveapicnic

duringthe “golden week ”holiday 。她想找一个能在黄金周期间野餐得好地方。

c)Could you tell us the reason (why/that)he was so unhappy?您能告诉我们她为什么如此不高兴吗?

3)当先行词为表示方式得the way 时,从句不能用how 来引导,应该用that 或in which ,或将它们全部省略。如:

Idon'tlikethe way(that/inwhich)you laughat her、我不喜欢您嘲笑她得行为、

3、宾语从句中得省略

1)在及物动词后面所接得宾语从句中,连词that 一般可以省略;但如果及物动词后面就是由that引导得两个或两个以上得并列得宾语从句,那么只有第一个that可以省略。如:

a) I think(that) thereform of therenminbi'sexchange rate is necessary。我认为人民币兑换率得改革就是必要得。

b) Hesaid (that)theAnti—secession law hadbeenpassed and thatPresidentHu Jintao had signed a presidentialorder她说《反分裂国家法》已被通过,而且胡锦涛主席已签署了主席令。

2)由which , when,where, how,与why引导得宾语从句,可以全部或部分省略、如:

a) I know that NBAstar Yao Mingwill e to ourcity butI don’tkno wwhen(he will eto our city)。我知道NBA明星要到我们城市来但我不知道她什么时候来。

b)He wantsto move abroad but his parentswonderswhy(he wants to move abroad)她想搬迁到国外但她得父母想知道为什么。

4。在与suggest,request ,order ,advise 等词相关得名词性从句中,须用虚拟语气形式“shou ld +动词原形”,should可以省略。如:

Chirac, President of the Republic of Francesuggestedthat the China-France CultureYear(should) last long in various forms、法国总统希拉克建议中法文化年以各种各样得形式长期持续。

5.主句省略多用于句首。如:

(It is a ) Pity that I didn’t goto Mary’s birthday party yesterday。很遗憾,我昨天没有去参加玛丽得生日聚会。

6。在答语中,主句可全部省略。如:

-Why wereyou absent from school last Friday ?—(I wasabsent fromsc hool)Because my mother was ill。-上周五您为什么没有上学?—因为我妈妈病了。

三、简单句中得省略

1.省略主语

1)祈使句中得主语通常被省略如:

(You) Open thedoor,please。请开一下门。

2) 其它省略主语多限于现成得说法如:

a) (I) Thank youfor your help 谢谢您得帮助。

b) (It)Doesn’t matter。没关系。

2。省略主谓语或主谓语得一部分如:

a)(Thereis) No smoking、禁止抽烟

b)(Is there)anythingelse ? 还有其她事吗?

c)(You e)This way please、请这边走。

d) (Will you)Have asmoke?抽烟吗?

3。省略宾语如:

—Doyou know Mr. Li ?您认识李先生吗?—Idon’t know (him、) 我不认识她4.省略表语如:

-Are you thirsty?您30岁了吗? Yes,I am(thirsty).就是得,我就是、5。同时省略几个成分如:

a) —Areyoufeelingbetter now?您觉得好些了吗?—(I am feeling) Much better (now) 好多了。

b) (I wish)Good luck(to you) 、祝您好运/祝您顺利。

四、动词不定式省略,只保留to 得场合

1.不定式作某些动词得宾语时,这些动词常见得有:love, like, care, wish, hope, expect, pre fer, refuse,mean, try,oblige, advise,persuade , agree , want, afford, forget, remember , try,manage等、如:

a)—You shouldhavethanked her before youleft. —I meantto ,but when I wasleaving I couldn’t findheranywhere.—您本该在离开前谢谢她。—我本打算这么做,但当我就要离开得时候我却找不到她了、(2000上海春)

b) You cando itthis way if you like to、如果您想做,您可以这么做。

2.不定式作某些动词得宾语补足语或主语补足语时,这些动词常见得有:ask,tell ,advise, force, persuade, wish, allow, permit, forbid ,expect, order,warn 等。如: a) The boy wanted to ridehis bicycle in the street,but his mother told himnot to. 男孩想在街上骑她得自行车,但她母亲不让。(NMET1995)

b) She wants to come buther parentswon’t allow her to (e)、她想来,可就是她父母不让、

3.不定式在句中作某些形容词得状语时,常见得形容词有:happy,glad ,eager, anxious,willing , ready等。如:

—I will be away on abusiness trip。Could youmind looking after my cat ?—Not at all.I would be happy to (look afteryourcat)。—我要出差,您能帮我照顾一下我得猫吗?—没关系,我很愿意、

4、不定式作某些复合谓语时,常见结构如:beable to, be goingto, have to,ought to, used to等。如:

He doesn’t like fish buthe used to她现在不喜欢吃鱼,但过去喜欢。

五、动词不定式to 得省略

1、主语部分有to do,系动词is 或was 时,作表语得不定式通常省去to、如:

Theonly thing you have todo is press the button.您必须做得惟一事情就是按按钮。

2、作介词but ,expect ,besides得宾语,前面又有实意动词do时,不定式通常省去to. 如:

Hesaid that ChenShuibian had nothing to do except pusha pro-“independence”timetable.她说陈水扁除了推进支持“独立”得时间表外,什么也没有做。

3、主语部分暗含to do,表语中得不定式通常省去to、如:

All I want (to do) isgoto school and study hard、我想要(做)得就就是上学,努力学习、

4.当两个或多个不定式并列时,其后得不定式符号可以省略,但有对比关系时不可省略、如:

Itis easier to say than to do . 说起来容易,做起来难、

5、在wouldrather…than…等结构中,不定式符号常常要省略、如:

I wouldratherstayat home than go to see afilm、我宁愿呆在家也不愿去瞧电影、

6.在see ,watch ,notice,hear, listen to,look at,feel ,have, make,let,observe 等词后作宾语补足语时省略不定式符号to;why(not) do结构中,不定式不带to、如:

a) I saw herenter the room、我瞧见她进入了房间

b) Why notjoin us ?为什么不加入到我们得行列里来呢?

六.其她一些省略结构

1.名词所有格修饰得名词,若表示住宅、店铺、教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过得事物时,常常可以省略、如:

We spenttheweekendat theMary's.我们在玛丽家过得周末、

2.What与how引导得感叹句中,常可省略主语it 与be动词如:

a) What a wonderful victory (it is)for Tom!这对Tom来说就是个多么大得胜利呀!

b)How beautiful(itis )to betreated like a normalchild. 被当作一个正常孩子对待对她而言就是多么美妙得一件事呀。

第四章主谓一致

主谓一致(Subject-Verb Agreement),指”人称"与”数方面得一致关系。如: Heisgoing abroad。They are playing football.可分为:语法一致, 内容一致, 就近一致。

(一) 语法一致原则:即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项:

1. 单数主语即使后面带有with,along with, togetherwith,like(象), but (除了),except, besides,as wellas,no less than, ratherthan(而不就是), i ncluding, in additionto 引导得短语, 谓语动词仍用单数、

如: Air aswell aswater is matter、空气与水都就是物质。

No one excepttwoservants was lateforthe dinner、除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。

2、用and连接得并列主语,如果主语就是同一个人,同一事,同一概念,谓语动词用单数,否则用复数、如:

The poet and writer has come。那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)

A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子与锯都就是有用得工具、(两样物) 用and连接得成对名词习惯上被瞧成就是一个整体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数、

3、不定式(短语), 动名词(短语),或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数、如:

Serving the peopleis mygreat happiness。

为人民服务就是我最大得幸福、

When we’ll go out for an outinghas beendecided、

我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。

4、用连接得并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时,谓语动词用单数.

Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming。每个男孩与每个女孩都喜欢去游泳、

No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting、没有老师也没有学生

Eachman and (each) woman isasked to help.每个男人与每个女人都被请去帮忙。5. eachof + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数。复数代词+each, 谓语动词用单数。如:

Eachofus has something to say、我们每个人都有话要说。

6、若主语中有more than one或manya/an , 尽管从意义上瞧就是复数, 但它得谓语动词仍用单数、但more+复数名词+than one做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数. 如:

Many aboy likes playing basketball、许多男生都喜欢打篮球.

More thanone studentwas late. 不只一个学生迟到

Morepersonsthanone cometo help us。不止一个人来帮助我们。

7。none做主语时,谓语动词可用单数, 也可用复数; 但在代表不可数得东西时总就是瞧作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数。如:

Noneof us are(is)perfect、人无完人。

Noneofthis worries me。这事一点不使我着急。

8. 名词如: trousers,scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用复数。如:

His clothes aregood. 但这些名词前若出现a pairof ,谓语一般用单数。如:

A pair of glasses ison the desk、桌上有一副眼镜。

9。形复意单名词如:news;以ics 结尾得学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics;国名如: theUnited States;报纸名如:the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Night <天方夜谈〉;以及The United Nations<联合国>等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。

10。“a+名词+andahalf“, “oneand ahalf+名词”, “the number of+ 名词”等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数.如:

Onlyoneandahalf apples is left on thetable、

注意: oneortwo+ 复数名词作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式, 如:

One or two places havebeen visited.参观了一两个地点。

(二) 内容一致原则:

1、主语中有all, half, most, the rest等, 以及"分数或百分数+名词”做主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于连用得名词。如:

The restof the bikes are on sale today。剩下得自行车, 今天出售、

60%of the applewas eatenby little boy.这个苹果得60%都被这个小男孩吃了。

Mostof the apples were rotten。大部分得苹果都就是烂得。

Most of the applewas eaten by arat、这个苹果得大部分被老鼠吃了。

2。不定数量得词组, 如:part of, alot of, lots of, one of, a numberof , plentyof等作主语时, 谓语动词得单复数取决于量词后面名词得数、如:

A part of the textbooks have arrived、一小部分教科书已运到、

A part of the apple has been eaten upby the pig、这个苹果得一部分被猪吃光了、

3、加减乘除用单数.如:

Fifteenminus five is ten .15减去5等于10、

4。表示时间, 金钱, 距离, 度量等得名词做主语时,尽管就是复数形式, 它们做为一个单一得概念时, 其谓语动词用单数.如:

Ten miles is a good distance. 十英里就是一个相当得距离。

5、(1) 通常作复数得集体名词、包括police, people, cattle 等, 这些集体名词通常用作

TheBritish policehave onlyvery limited powers、

(2)通常作不可数名词得集体名词. 包括equipment, furniture, clothing, luggage 等。

(3) 可作单数也可作复数得集体名词、包括audience, mittee, government,family, enemy,group, party,team,public 等。如:

The committeehas/havedecidedtodismiss him. 委员会决定解雇她。6。the +形容词/过去分词形式"表示一类人或事物,作主语时, 谓语动词用复数、如: The injuredwere saved after the fire.

(三)就近原则

1. 由here, there,where等引导得倒装句中, (有时主语不止一个时)谓语动词与靠近它得主语在数上一致、如:

Here esthe bus公共汽车来了、

Here is a penand somepiecesof paper for you. 给您一支钢笔与几张纸。Where is yourwife andchildrento staywhile you areaway?

您不在这儿得时候,您爱人与孩子在哪儿呆呢?

2. 用连词or, either.。.、or, neither…。nor, not only…、but also等连接得并列主语, 谓语动词与靠近它得主语在数上一致。如:

Neither thestudents nor the teacherknowsanything about it 学生与老师都不知道这事、

Heor you have taken my pen. 她或您拿了我得钢笔。

注意: one of +复数名词+who/that/which引导得定语从句中, 定语从句得动词为复数。如:

Mary is oneof those people who keep pets、玛丽就是饲养宠物者之一、

The only oneof +复数名词+ who/that、/which引导得定语从句中,定语从句得动词应为单数。

Mary istheonly one of those peoplewho keeps pets. 玛丽就是唯一一个饲养宠物得人、

主谓一致练习

1、About 60 percentof the students _____from thesouth, the rest ofthem _____ from the north andforeigncountries、

A。are/isB。are/are C、is/are D. are

2、Halfoftheworkershere _____ under30 _____.

A。is/yearsB. are/year old C. is/years old D、are/years of age

3. Now Tom withhis classmates _____football on the playground、

A、play B. areplaying C、playsD、isplaying

4、The numberofpages in thisdictionary_____about twothousand、

A、are

B、has

C、have D。is

5、Thirty dollars_____ too expensive。

A。are B。is C. were D。be

6、The audience _____so large thatno seat was left unoccupied in th egreathall.

A、is B. are C. was D。has

7. The secretary and principal _____at the meeting now。

A. arespeaking B。is speaking C。were making a speechD。have a speech

8。"If anybody _____, pleaseput down _____ name," saidthe teacher tothe monitor。

A、wantstobuy the book/his

B、want to buy the book/their

C. will buy the book/one'sD。wants tohavethe bookbought/her

9。Nothing but onedeskand six chairs _____ in theroom、

A. are B。is stayed C. is D. are left

10. Havingarrived atthe station, _____。

A。it was found that the train had left&nb, sp; B。th, e trai, n had left

C、thetrain was found left D、hefound that thetrain had left

11. Between the two roads_____aTV tower called "Skyscraper Tower”。

A. stands

B.standing C。whichstands D。stand

12、Either of you _____going there tonight.

A。will B、was C。is D. are

13、You aswell_____ right。

A.I areB、I amC. as Iam D、asIare

14。All but Dick _____inClassThreethis term。

A。are B.is C. wereD。was

15。-— ShallI wait hereforthreehours?

--Yes. Three hours ___, __t, , ,,, o wait forsuch a doctor。

A、are notvery longforyou B.is notlongenough fo, , , ,,r y ou

C. was notlong enough for youD、will be too longfor you

16。Where toget the materialsand how to get them_____at themeeting。

A、havenot discussed B、have notbeen discussed

C。has not discussed D、has not been discussed

17。I took mathematicsand physicsbecause I think that_____ very importantfor me to make further researchin thisfield、

A. what isB。they are C。this D。which are

18。Everystudent andeveryteacher_____。

A. are going toattend themeeting B、have attended the meeting

C. hasattended the meeting D。is attended the meeting

19。Threefourths of thebread _____ by Bob, andthe rest ofthebread _____left on the table、

A. was eaten/were B。were eaten/was C。were eaten/were D、was eaten/w as

20、Thispair of shoes_____。

A. is her B。ishers C、are hers D。areher

21、There ______nolife on themoon.

A、issaid to haveB.aresaid tohave C。is saidto be D。are said to be

22.Agroup of ______areeating______ and ______ at the foot of the hill

A、sheep;grass;leaves B.sheeps grasses leaves

C、sheep;grass leafD。sheeps grass leafs

23。My family raisea lot of _______, including two______。

A. cattlescows B、cows cattle C. cattle cowsD、cow,cattles

24.What he says andwhat hedoes_______、

A. does not agree B。do notagreeC. does not agree with D.notagree

25。Theboyand the girl each ______ toys.

A、havetheir own

B、hastheirown

C、have her own

D、has her own 26。She is the only one amongthe______writers who ______storiesfor children、

A。woman, writesB。women writeC。women writes D。woman write 27.The railwaystationis ______from our school.

A. two hour`s drive B. two hours`drive C、twohourdrive

D、two hours drive

28.Mike andJohn`s ______。

A、father is ateacher B.fathersare teachers

C、fatherare teachers

D、fathers are teacher

29。Agreat dealof talking and listening that______under casual circumstance may seem to beaimless.

A、isoccurred B。areoccurred C、occurs D、occur 30._______theclassroom needs to becleaned、

A。Either the offices or B、The offices andC。Boththe office a nd D。The office and

31、Three—fourths of the homework______today.

A。hasfinished B、has been finishedC。have finished D. havebeenfinished

32、Morethan 60percentof theworld’s radioprogrammes______inEngland、

A。is B、was C. are D。be

33。______work has been done toimprovethe people`s living standar d

A.A great deal ofB。A great manyC、A large number of D.Many 34。The rest of the magazines______ withinhalfan hour、

A。is sold outB。are sold out C、wassold outD、were soldout 35。There______alotofsugar inthe jar。

A。has B。have C.is D、are

36、“All______present and all ______going on well”, ourmonitorsaid.

A、is isB。are, are C.are is D。is are

37。Yesterday the League secretaryand monitor ______askedto makea s peech atthemeeting。

A.is B。wasC、are D.were。

38.Maryas wellasher sisters______Chinese inChina。

A、arestudying

B、have studied C。studies D。study

39、The rich______notalwayshappy。

A.are B。is C。will D.may

40。______can bedone ______done.

A。All, have been B、All that ,have beenC.All has D、Allthat ,has been

41。Eitherofthe plans ______equally dangerous.

A。are B。is C。hasD.have

42、Thepolice______the murderer everywhere whenhesuddenly appeared in a theatre。

A.is searching B。weresearching for

C、are searching D。wassearchingfor

43。Your trousers______dirty, you must have______ washed、

A。is it B.areit C、arethem D.is them

44.The Olympicgames ______heldevery four ______、

A、isyears B。are years C、isyear D、areyear

45。He isthe oly one of the students who______elected、

A、are B.have C、has D.is

46、______a good enough price forthisbook

A、Twoyuansare B.Two yuanare C、Twoyuans is D。Two yuan is

47.Nobirdand no beast______in thelonely island

A.areseen B、isseen C、see D。sees

48、Every means______prevent the water from______

A、are used to polluting B、get used to polluting

C。is usedto , polluted D。is used to ,being polluted

49、Eachof the______in the ship。

A。passenger has his own room B。passengers have their own room

C。passengerhavetheir own room D。sengers hashisown room

50。Whatweneed______goodtextbooks、

A、isB。are C。have D。has

51。Whatyousaidjust now______todowith the matterwearedisc ussing。

A.have something B、has something C。had somethingD、wass omething

52、Either your parents oryour elder brother ______toattend the meeting tomorrow。

A。is B.are C.are goingD。have

53、Neither of the novelswhich______popularwith us ______beentranslatedintoChinese。

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O(∩_∩)O~人教版高一英语词组Unit1 1.argue about 争论….. 2. be fond of 喜欢….. 3. all the time 一直,始终 4. make fire 生火 5. develop a friendship建立友谊 6. care about 关心,担心 7. in order to 为了…… 8. hunt for 搜寻;追寻;寻找 9. such as 例如 10. make friends交朋友 11. be regard as被当作….. 12. click …away 点击……发送 13. make a difference有所不同 14 .drop sb. a line给某人写信 15 keep in mind记住 16.at the end of 在…..的末尾 wake up醒来 wander off 漫步 most of the time 大部分时间 either…or… 或……或……

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man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2 单复数相同 sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species 3 只有复数形式

ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents 4 一些集体名词总是用作复数 people, police, cattle, staff 5 部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复数

(成员) audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party 6 复数形式表示特别含义 customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟)

7 表示某国人 加-s Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans 单复数同形 Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese

高一英语语法总结大全

句子成分 (M e m b e r s o f a S e n t e n c e) 现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。 一个完整的英语句子,至少由两部分组成(祁使句除外)——主语和谓语。主语是一个句子叙述的主体,表明这句话描述的是什么,谓语则用以说明主语的情况,它在人称和单复数形式上应与主语保持一致。 除了主语和谓语,句子有时还需要其他的成分,如用在系动词后表明主语性质,特征,状态或身份的表语,用在及物动后,表示行为对象或结果的宾语,修饰或限定名词或代词的定语,修饰动词形容词副词介词短语或全句的状语以及对一个名词或代词作进一步解释的同位语等。 英语五种基本句型列式如下: 一:SV(主+谓) 二:SVP(主+系+表) 三:SVO(主+谓+宾) 四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补) 基本句型一:SV(主+谓) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),数词,名词化的形容词,动词不定式,动名词或从句。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思,不能再接对象(即宾语),这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等作状语。 S│ V(不及物动词) 1. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 2. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 3. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 4. Who │cares? 管它呢? 5. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 6. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 7. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 基本句型二:SVP(主+系+表) 系动词分三类:1)表示人或事物的身份特征或状态:appear, be, feel , look, seem, smell,sound, taste。例如look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻,taste good/尝起来不错; 2)表示状态的变化:become,come,fall,go,get, grow, turn,prove等;例如become cold/变冷,go grey/变灰白, (dreams) come true/(梦想)实现; 3)表示某种状态的延续或持续:continue,remain, stay, keep 等。例如keep silent/保持沉默,stay fine/仍然很好。

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