(免费)2011年考研复试英语翻译和写作(试题)

1．Whatever the explanation, the idea of a work-life balance is a staple of European discourse, studied in think tanks, mulled over by policymakers. In the US, the term, when it’s used at all, is said with the sort of sneer reserved for those who eat quiche. But it might still catch on. When Bill Keller was named executive editor of the New York Times last week, he encouraged the staff to do “a little more savoring” of life, spending time with their families or viewing art.

不管如何解释，工作与生活的平衡总是欧洲人的主要谈资，同时也是智囊团和政策制定者研究和考虑的主题。在美国，人们使用这个说法时总是带着几分针对那些吃蛋奶火腿馅饼的悠闲人士才会表现出来的冷嘲热讽的态度。但是，它可能还是会流行起来的。时任《纽约时报》执行主编的比尔?凯勒曾鼓励员工们要给生活增加一些色彩，多陪陪家人或去欣赏艺术。

2．P. L. Travers, the author of the Mary Poppins books, put it best when she wrote, “You do not chop off a section of your imaginative substance and make a book specifically for children, for— if you are honest—you have, in fact, no idea where childhood ends and maturity begins. It is all endless and all one.” There is plenty for children and adults to enjoy in Rowling’s books, starting with their language. Her prose may be unadorned, but her way with naming people and things reveals a quirky and original talent.

《欢乐满人间》的作者帕梅拉·林登·特拉弗斯概括得精辟之极。她写到，“你不能把你想象的东西砍掉一部分然后写成一本专给孩子看的书，坦白地说，因为事实上你根本无从知道童年究竟是什么时候结束的而成人期又是什么时候开始的。它们互相连接、浑然一体。”在罗琳的书中，从语言开始，就有足够多的让大人和孩子都喜欢的东西。也许她的文风朴实，但是她给人和物命名的方式显示了独特的原创才能。

3．Zhejiang cuisine is light and exquisite, and is typical of food from along the lower Yangtze River. One famous dish is West Lake Vinegar Fish, which looks pretty and has the delicate refreshing flavors of nature. Many Chinese restaurants in China, as well as other parts of the world, serve this dish, but often the flavor is less authentic compared to that found in Hangzhou, capital of Zhejiang Province, which has unique access to the fish and water of West Lake.

4．Yoga achieves its best results when it is practiced as a daily discipline, and yoga can be a life-long exercise routine, offering deeper and more challenging positions as a practitioner becomes more adept. The basic positions can increase a person’s stren gth, flexibility and sense of well-being almost immediately, but it can take years to perfect and deepen them, which is an appealing and stimulating aspect of yoga for many.

每天练习瑜伽会达到最好的效果，随着动作越来越熟练，你就可以加大强度和难度这样瑜伽就能成为你相伴终生的日常锻炼方式了。练习基础的瑜伽动作即可收到增强力量，改善柔韧性并使人感到舒适的效果，但要想达到完美和高深的境界还是需要日积月累的练习，这也是瑜伽吸引人的地方之一。

5．What attracts individuals to each other in the first place? Many people believe that “there’s one person out there that one is meant for” and that destiny will bring them together. Such beliefs are roman tic but unrealistic. Empirical studies show that cultural norms and values, not fate, bring people together. We will never meet millions of potential lovers because they are “filtered out” by formal or informal rules on partner eligibility due to factors such as age, race, distance, social class, religion, sexual orientation, health, or physical appearance.

一开始让人相互吸引的是什么？许多人相信“世上有一个人是你为之而生的”，而且命运会将你俩带到一起。这样的想法很浪漫却不现实。实证研究发现，是文化标准和价值观而非命运，将人们连系在一起。我们错过了成千上万的可能的爱人，因为他们早就被正式的或非正式的挑选理想爱人的准则筛选出局，这些准则包括年龄、种族、地域、社会阶层、宗教、性倾向、健康状况或外表。

6．Much research shows that the quality of care infants receive affects how they later get along with friends, how well they do in school, how they react to new and possibly stressful situations, and how they form and maintain loving relationships as adults. It is for these reasons that people’s early intimate relationships within

their family of origin are so critical. Children who are raised in impersonal environments (orphanages, some foster homes, or unloving families) show emotional and social underdevelopment, language and motor skills retardation, and mental health problems.

很多研究发现婴儿获得关爱的质量会影响到他们以后的交友，在学校的表现，如何应对陌生的或可能充满压力的情况，以及他们成年后如何建立并且维系情感关系。正是因为这些原因，人们与家庭成员的早期亲密关系才如此至关重要。在人情冷漠的环境中（如孤儿院，某些寄养家庭，缺乏关爱的家庭）长大的孩子会出现情感和社会性发育不良，语言和运动技能迟缓，以及精神健康问题。

Unit1 The Internet's speed, vast resources, and its ability to directly communicate with others are its greatest benefits. Because the Internet uses the quickness of computers to transmit its data, information can travel at tremendous speeds. Speed is not the only benefit. The Internet uses hundreds of thousands of computers all connected to each other to store vast amounts of information. And finally, because the Internet allows individuals to have specific electronic mail addresses, people can easily communicate with one another.

互联网的速度、巨大的资源和与他人直接交流的能力是其最大的优点。因为互联网利用计算机的快速性传递数据，所以信息能够以巨大的速度传播。但速度并不是其唯一的优点，互联网运用数百万相互连接的计算机储存数量巨大信息。最后，由于互联网容许每个人拥有特定的邮件地址，所以人们能够便利地交流。

Unit2 With the 21st century coming, people have increasingly realized file importance of acquiring round easy information. If a nation can make effective use of all the information it will benefit in the fields of scientific research, education, economic development, etc. What the nation needs to do is to establish a nation-wide "information network", so as to link up scientists, businessmen, educators, etc. If such a network is set up, it will promote the second information revolution in the country.

随着21世纪的到来，人们更加注意到快速便捷地获取信息的重要性。如果一个国家能够有效地利用所有的信息，那么将会在科研、教育、经济发展等领域受益。该国所需要的是建立一个全国性的“信息网络”，从而把科学家、商人、教育家等联系起来。如果能建立这样一个网络，就将促进该国的第二次信息革命。

Unit3 With the development of a market economy in China, techniques of sales promotion have been more and more widely employed. The popularity of varied and numerous promotional activities such as discounts, bonuses, and promotional parties has grown steadily. The reason is that they not only help manufacturers and businesses earn higher and quicker profits, but also help consumers become acquainted with the products involved and get some practical benefits. However, if these techniques are used to promote products of inferior quality, both the manufacturers and the businessmen will be made to pay for that.

随着我国市场经济的发展，商品促销手段的使用越来越普及。越来越受到人们青睐的打折、馈赠、促销晚会等内容丰富、形式多样的促销活动日益增加。这些活动不仅能够使厂家和商家更多更快地赚取利润，而且有助于消费者更好地了解产品并获得实惠。但如果用这些促销手段销售劣质商品，则无论是厂家还是商家，都将自食其果。

Unit4 Work is not only a means of sustaining life. More importantly, it is the way through which people display their talent, realize their ambitions, build relationships and establish social status. If you understand this intrinsic value of work, then however dull or hard work may be, it becomes bearable if it helps build up a reputation, whether in the world at large or only in one's own circle. Updating one's aim is one of the most essential elements of self-fulfillment in the long run, and for most people this comes chiefly through their work. In that sense, work is the most vigorous, vivid sign of life -in individuals and in civilizations.

劳动不仅仅是谋生的手段，更重要的是，它是人们施展才华、实现抱负、建立社会关系、获得社会地位的途径。理解了劳动的这种内在本质，那么无论所作的事情那么乏味，那么劳累，只要它能有助于自己在社会上或个人的小圈子里树立名誉，那也足以让人忍受。从长远来看，不断地树立新的目标，是个人自

我实现的一个基本要素。对于多数人来说，这主要依靠劳动。从这个意义上说，无论对个人还是整个文明社会，劳动都是生活最有力、最生动的体现。

Unit5 America was once troubled by employment crisis. Now in this land, there are employees, those who have lost their jobs and those who will never find a job. For decades, the government took no notice of the changes in its economic base and their effect on employment and lifestyle. As a result, many people lost job opportunities. Many experts came up with various ideas to address unemployment. However, what is most important now is to stimulate consumption.

美国曾因就业危机而受到困扰。如今在这片土地上既有就业者也有失业者，还有永远找不到工作的人。数十年来，政府忽视了经济基础的变革，以及让它对就业和生活方式的影响，结果，许多人失去了工作的机会。关于如何解决失业问题，有很多专家提出了不同的看法，而目前的首要工作是刺激消费。

Unit6 The crime of identity theft is on the rise. Recent surveys show there are currently 10 million victims each year, greatly exceeding our earlier estimates. Using a variety of methods, criminals steal Social Security numbers, driver's license numbers, credit card numbers, and other pieces of an individual's information such as date of birth. They use this information to buy as many things as they can in their victim's name in as short a time as possible. Identity theft is a serious crime. People whose identities have been stolen can spend months or even years cleaning up the mess the thieves have made of their credit record.

盗用他人身份的犯罪正在日益上升。最近的调查显示，现在每年大约1000万人成为其受害者，大大超出了早先的预计。罪犯们利用各种手段窃取社会安全号、驾照号、信用卡号以及诸如生日之类的其他个人信息。他们利用这些信息以受害人的名义在尽可能短的时间里购买尽可能多的东西。盗用他人身份是一种严重的罪行。身份被盗的人可能要花几个月甚至几年的时间为被窃贼们损坏的信用记录正名。

Unit7 Let's assume you are a sports fan. What is your first reaction when you find in your e-mail an attachment called "Anna Kournikova. jpg. vbs'? Curiosity tempts you to open the document to have a look at the Russian tennis star. But if you open it, the virus will be activated and will copy the attachment to every e-mail address in your "Outlook Express", spreading the virus even farther. E-viruses, which flood the Intenet through dubious e-mails with fancy bait, make production of anti-virus programs a profitable business.

假设你是个体育运动迷，那你在看到邮件中有名为“安娜·库尔尼克娃·jpg. vbs”的图片文件时，你的第一反应会是什么呢？好奇心引诱你打开文件一睹这位俄罗斯网球明星的芳容。但是如果你打开附件，病毒就被激活，会在你的“Outlook Express”上把该附件复制给电子邮件通讯录上的每一个地址，从而更广泛地传播病毒。电脑病毒通过带有花哨诱饵的可疑电子邮件在网泛滥成灾，因此，防毒程序的开发也成为一项有利可图的生意。

Unit8 Changes in the American family structure are evidenced by increased rates of separation and divorce. In certain areas of the country these trends have resulted in a growing number of single-parent families and remarried parents. This does not indicate, however, that the institution of marriage is crumbling. It is estimated that four out of five divorced couples eventually remarry other people. These shifts in family relationships may be interpreted as a breakdown or as an adaptation of the American family to changing roles, attitudes, and values. The changes, according to the more traditional viewpoint, represent a breakdown in the family structure, a disintegration of values, and a decline of morality.

美国家庭结构的改变可由升高了的分居率和离婚率得到证实。在美国的某些地区，这些趋向导致了单亲家庭和再婚父母的日益增多。然而，这并不表明婚姻体制正在土崩瓦解。据统计，五分之四的离婚夫妇将最终和别人结合。家庭关系的这些改变可以解释为家庭关系的破裂，也可以解释为美国家庭对不断变化的角色、态度和价值的一种适应。以较为传统的观点来看，这些变化代表着家庭结构的破裂、价值观的解题和道德的沦丧。

A Letter of Reply to a Friend

Dear Bessie,

I’m very glad to learn that you’d like to apply for admission to my university. Since you are good at speaking, I strongly recommend you major in journalism. From my point of view, you are dynamic and always curious about what happens around you. You also seem to be a good observer while having the unbelievable ability of accurate description. You are born to be an excellent journalist!

Now I should mention some important points you should pay attention to. First, you should get high grades in the College Entrance Examination, for journalism is a very popular major in our university. There is much competition in getting enrolled. Besides the preparation for the exam, a good health condition is also necessary. Go over all your lessons and read some books about journalism, and you will be more confident of your application. If you still have time, you’d better watch TV and read newspapers. All the above is my advice.

Try your best, and you will develop your talent to the full in the future. Good luck!

Li Ming ［Directions］In this section you are required to write a letter in reply to a friend’s inqui ry about applying for admission to your college or university. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:

1．建议报考的专业及理由；2．报考该专业的基本条件；3．应当如何备考。

A Letter of Reply to a Friend

December 27, 2010

Dear

When it comes to which major you should choose, I propose that you apply for the major of English. To begin with, English is the most popular language in the world, which is widely used in all fields such as teaching, translati on, foreign trade and so on. What’s more, it goes without saying that English majors are more likely to find a good job in the tighter and tighter job market.

In order to study at English Department, you have to meet the following requirements. In the first place, you have to spend a lot of time on it, just as the old saying goes, “Practice makes perfect”. In the second place, the basic skills of reading, writing, listening and speaking are necessary, because they are the foundations for your futur e study. Last but not the least important, you need an intense interest in learning English since “interest is the best teacher.”

As far as the preparation work is concerned, you should first of all review all the required vocabulary. In addition, you’d better spend some time on reading and writing. Only through these measures can you hope to enroll in our university.

Yours

考研英语阅卷老师谈：如何做好翻译与作文

考研英语阅卷老师谈：如何做好翻译与作文 温剑波中央财经大学外国语学院讲师，教学一部主任，曾参加近几年的考研英语阅卷工作。 姜晓丽中央财经大学外国语学院讲师，教研室主任。曾多次讲授考研英语辅导班的课程，并参加了近几年考研英语的阅卷工作。 一、考研英语翻译、作文得分情况 考研英语共包含三大部分，六种题型。其中，翻译和作文部分是主观题，而作文又包含一篇应用文（小作文）和一篇议论文（大作文）的写作。笔者从近几年的阅卷情况看，翻译部分考生的平均分是4分（满分10分）；小作文平均分是4分（满分10分），大作文平均分是10分（满分20分）。 二、考研英语翻译题型介绍 英译汉题型重点考查学生准确理解概念或者结构复杂的英语材料并将其译成汉语的能力。英译汉是国内英语考试独有而常见的题型，因为国外的英语考试，如TOEFL、GRE、IELTS等都没有而且也不可能有英译汉这一题型；而国内的英语考试则经常把英译汉作为考查的内容之一。此外，英译汉是一种主观题，对于考生的语法、词汇、阅读理解、中文表达等方面都有着较高的要求，这对于平时习惯于做多项选择（multiple choice）的考生而言无疑是一次很大的挑战。从历届的考试情况来看，英译汉是考生们的薄弱环节之一。 1．翻译部分的文章特点 纵观近年的翻译真题，考研翻译部分的文章长约400词，词汇量基本控制在考试大纲所规定的范围之内，很少有生词和难词出现。试题有以下几个特点： ①从文章的题材来看，大多数都是有关政治、经济、文化、教育、历史、地理、科普以及社会生活等方面的内容，有一定的难度； ②从所选文章的文体来看，大多数的文章都是议论文，说明文也较多，结构都比较严谨，逻辑性也很强； ③从具体要求翻译的句子来看，长难句（并列句、复合句、并列复合句等）占多数，不过也有一些虽然不长，但是包含一些比较难理解的结构和词汇的句子。 2．考研翻译的要求 考研英语大纲对于翻译部分的明确要求是"译文准确、完整、通顺"。换句话说，翻译考查的重点首先是对英语句子的正确理解，其次是不能随意增加和漏掉原文的内容，最后是用通顺的中文把原文的意思表达出来。不难看出，考研的翻译并不要求考生讲究文采、使用华丽的语言，这就如同写作并不要求考生有多么深刻的思想而只是要求叙述时具有普通的逻辑性和完整性一样。在2002年题型改革以前，考研的翻译一直是一个独立的部分，满分15分，占总分数的15％的比重；改革之后，考研的翻译并入了阅读理解部分，分数由原来的15分减

考研英语翻译的基本方法版

考研英语翻译的基本方 法版 文档编制序号：[KK8UY-LL9IO69-TTO6M3-MTOL89-FTT688]

2013年考研英语翻译的基本方法（7月 版） 在解答考生关于考研英语真题学习中的具体问题时，我们发现，很多考生对英汉翻译所懂甚少。长期以来，一直有考生提问诸如“老师，这句英文中这个短语怎么没有翻译出来？”、“这半句汉语是从那里来的，英语中怎么没有对应语句？”以及“这个句子为什么翻译成汉语时，添加了否定词？”等等的问题。在很多时候，我们只能很笼统的告诉考生：基于英汉文化的差异，在翻译的过程中需要考虑语言模式的差异。在很多时候，英译汉必须按照汉语思维模式以及语境的需要，去增添或者省略一些信息、调整一下语序、转换表达方式。 为了让考生更深入地了解英译汉，我们选用一些真题中的句子，来做先关探讨。在此之前，我们先简单地阐述一下翻译的标准和过程。 翻译标准 在我国近现代，最有影响的翻译标准是严复的“信、达、雅”。就考研英语翻译而言，由于文章的题材大多是有关、经济、文化、教育、科普以及社会生活等方面的内容，并且文体以议论文为主，说明文为辅，结构严谨，逻辑性强，我们很难在“雅”这一标准上做文章。“达”，即通顺，译文必须通顺且符合汉语的语言习惯，这是一个重要的评分标准。“信”，即忠于原文，是翻译的最高标准。由于要翻译的5个句子

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