2015职称英语综合A新增

2015 年职称英语考试新增综合类 A

综合A补全短文新增文章

第十二篇Men Smell of Cheese and Women of Onions

Little girls may be made of sugar and all things nice, but their armpits smell of onions. ______ (1) That’s the conclusion of research in Switzerland that involved taking armpit sweat samples from 24 men and 25 women after he had spent time in a sauna or ridden an exercise bike for 15 minute.

______(2)―Men smell of cheese,and women of grapefruit or onion,‖says Christian Starkenmann of Firmenich, a company in Geneva that researches flavours and perfumes for food and cosmetics companies.

The team found that the women's armpit sweat constrained relatively high levels of an odourless sulphur-containning compound – 5 milligrams per milliliter of sweat versus 0.5 milligrams in men.

When the researchers mixed this compound in the lab with bacteria commonly found in the armpit, the bugs turned it into a thiol - a previously discovered odour from armpits that is akin to onion.

―The more sulphur precursor we added,the more intense was the malodour,‖says Starkenmann,whose team’s results appear in Chemical Senses.______(3)The men,meanwhile,had relatively high levels of an odourless fatty acid which turned into a cheesy odour when exposed to the same types of bacteria. The balance of oniony to cheesy precursors in women’s sweat made it smell worse than men’s as rated by independent smell assessors.

______ (4) ―We could make inhibitors that neutralise the precursors, or block the bacterial enzymes that do the conversion,‖says Starkenmann.Some researchers are sceptical that gender is the main deciding factor, arguing that the patterns found in Swiss volunteers might not apply to other populations with different diets and genetic background. ______ (5)

词汇：

armpit n.腋（部）

malodour n.难闻的气味，恶臭

grapefruit n.葡萄柚

neutralize v.中和，抵消

sulphur n.硫

enzyme n.酶

thiol n.硫醇

注释：

1. smell of onions：..... 闻起来像洋葱

2. ... is akin to onion：...... 近似于洋葱

练习：

A Bacterial enzymes turn the otherwise odourless precursor into the malodour.

B And while free of slug or snail odours, men’s armpits pack a powerful cheesy whiff.

C Most cases of skin odor is associated with break down of the compounds found in sweat by bacteria that live on the skin.

D Nest; the team hope to develop new ingredients for deodorants that fight the smells.

E The researchers found marked differences in the sweat from men and women.

F ―Other factors include what you eat. what you wash with, what you weat and what genes you inherit,‖says Tim Jacob of Cardiff University in the UK.

答案与题解：

1. B前一句讲女孩的腋下气味，后一句解释说这是一项研究成果，所以为了完整性，此处应该讲男

性腋下的气味是怎么样的。所以，正确答案是选项B。

2. E上一段结尾处介绍了这个研究的基本情况，本段又具体讲了一下试验结果，所以此处句首所填的

句子应该起到承上启下的作用，并且是本段的中心句。只有选项E概括了本段的主要内容。

3. A前一句提到加入越多的硫前体，恶臭味就越浓烈，由此可以推测出后面应该讲到恶臭味出现的原因。所以，正确答案是选项A。

4. D根据本段第二句话可以判断出，这句应该讲研究团队接下来要怎么做。所以，正确答案是选项D。

5. F本段第一句话在讲其他研究者怀疑有其他因素的影响，可以推测本句会进一步阐释其他因素。所

以，正确答案是选项F。

―

参考译文：

男人闻出奶酪味，女人嗅出洋葱味

小女孩闻起来可能有糖、香料和所有好东西的味道，但是她们的腋下却闻起来像洋葱。男人的腋下虽然没有鼻涕虫或者蜗牛的味道，但是却有一股奶酪的气味。这是一项来自瑞士的研究结论，研究中的 24 位男土和 25 位女士在一段时间的桑拿浴或 15 分钟的骑车锻炼后，腋下的气味被收集作为样本。

研究者发现男人和女人腋下的气味有很大不同。―男人的闻起来更像奶酪，女人的闻起来更像葡萄柚或洋葱‖，来自 Firmenich 公司的 Christian Starkenmann 说道。Firmenich 是一家位于日内瓦，为食物和化妆品研究香味和香水的公司。

研究团队发现女人腋下的气味中含有高浓度无味的含硫合成物——每毫升的气味中有 5 毫克，而男人腋下的气味中只有 0．5 毫克。当研究者在实验室中把这种合成物与在腋下普遍存在的细菌混合在一起时，小虫子立刻变成硫醇——之前在腋下发现的一种类似洋葱味道的气味。

―我们加入越多的硫前体，恶臭味就越浓烈‖，Starkenmann 说。他的团队的研究结果出现在了 Chemical Senses 中，细菌酶把另一种无味的前体转化为恶臭味。

同时，男人有相对高含量的无味脂肪酸，当它暴露在同一种类型的细菌中时，它又被转化成了奶酪的气味。当单独测试气味时，女人气味中的洋葱味对奶酪味的平衡使得这种气味闻起来比男人的更糟。

接下来，这个团队希望能为除臭剂发明出新的原料来对抗这种气味。我们要用抑制剂来中和这种前体，或者阻挡细菌酶来融合这种前体‖，Starkenmann 说。

一些研究者怀疑性别是主要决定因素，他们认为在瑞士志愿者身上发现的模式可能不适用于其他有着不同饮食、基因背景的人。―其他因素包括你吃什么，用什么洗，穿什么，遗传什么样的基因‖，来自英国加的夫大学的 Tim Jacob 说道。

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A. hide B .handle C. disclose D. establish 7. He tried to assemble his thoughts. A. clear B. share C. gather D. spare 8. The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison. A. message B. punishment C. guilt D. obligation 9. Prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions. A. flexible B. terrible C. reasonable D. serious 10. These products are inferior to those we brought last year. A. poorer than B. narrower than C. larger than D. richer than 11. The political situation in the region has deteriorated rapidly. A. improved B. changed C. worsened D. developed 12. There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next building. A. coexisting B. fair C. full D .pubic 13. They're petitioning for better facilities for the disabled on public transport.

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意思相近，可相互替换。message信息。guilt罪行；内疚。obligation责任。因此，本题正确答案为B。 3. These products are inferior to those we bought last year. A. poorer than B. narrower than C. larger than D. richer than 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这些产品比我们去年买的差。inferior to不如，次于。poorer than比……差。二者意思相近，可相互替换。narrower than比……窄。larger than比……大。richer than 比……富有。故答案为A项。 4. The organization was bold enough to face the press. A. pleased B. brave C. powerful D. sensible 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这个组织有足够的勇气面对媒体。bold大胆的，英勇的。brave勇敢的。二者意思相近，可相互替换。pleased高兴的，喜欢的。powerful有权势的，强有力的。sensible明智的，合乎情理的。因此，本题正确答案为B。

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