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考研英语长难句30-38

30. The goal of all will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that there are not two equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life.

解析：该句的主干是The goal … will be to try to explain...，explain后接的是双宾语，即explain to sb. sth.，直接宾语是that引导的从句。该从句的主干是there are not two theories for...，其中origin和evolution，universe和life都是and连接的并列名词。

词汇：unenlightened adj. 无知的，不文明的

valid adj.有效的

evolution n. 进化，发展

译文：所有（这些书）的目的是试图告诉那些迷惑不解且常常头脑不开化的普通百姓：就宇宙和生命的起源与发展问题而言，不可能存在两种同样成立的科学理论。

31. While warnings are often appropriate and necessary — the dangers of drug interactions, for example—and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.

【分析】在这个主从复合句中，while引导的从句由两个部分组成，中间用and

连接。破折号之间的部分是举例说明warnings的内容，做为插入语。注意：many are required by state or federal regulations中的many是指many warnings。it isn't clear … is injured是主句，主句用了一个形式主语it，真正的主语是that引导的

从句，they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability是主体，之后是一个if引导的条件从句。

【词汇】interaction 相互作用

federal 联邦

regulation法规

protect…from…保护…以免

liability 责任(be liable for对…负责)

【译文】尽管警告常常是适当而且必须的——比如对于药物相互作用的危险提

出警告——许多警告还是按州或联邦政府规定要求给出的，然而(我们) 并不清楚，如果顾客受到伤害时，这些警告是不是确实可以使得生产者和销售者豁免责任。

32. The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC ——including ordinary listeners and viewers to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping.

【分析】主句是The debate was launched by the Government，后面是which引导的非限定性

定语从句，谓语部分比较特殊，是invited…sb. to say …破折号后面是anyone with an opinion of the BBC的解释说明。say后面是两个宾语从句，一个是what引导，一个是whether 引导。【词汇】launch 发起

viewer观众

corporation 公司

be worth doing值得做某事

【译文】这场辩论是由政府发动的，政府请任何一个对英国广播公司有意见的人——包括普通的听众和观众——来说说这个公司好在哪里或坏在哪里，甚至要说说他们是否认为这个公司值得保留下来。

33. Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.

【分析】句子主干结构是Additional social stresses may also occur；because of后面有两个宾语the population explosion 和problems；名词problems带有现在分词短语作后置定语arising from mass migration movements；themselves作为代词，指前面的名词短语mass migration movements，充当同位语作用，后面的过去分词短语made relatively easy是themselves的后置定语，by modern means of transport是方式状语，解释变得容易的原因。

【词汇】population explosion人口爆炸

arise from源自于

migration移民

means of…的方式

【译文】新的社会压力出现，是因为人口猛增或大量人口流动——是现代交通工具使人口流动变得相对容易。

34. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family”.

【分析】本句中a lateral move是主语，that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress是a lateral move的定语从句，promoted sb. to abandon..是谓语结构，although是状语从句连接词，I covered my exit是从句主干，by引导状语，引号里的是claim的宾语，其中逗号之间的in the manner of a disgraced government minister是插入语。

【单词】lateral adj.平行的

block v.阻碍

prompt sb. to do 促使某人做某事

profile轮廓-->high profile固定搭配“高调的”，反义词low profile

disgrace 丢脸，耻辱

cover 掩盖

【译文】一次平级的人事调动伤了我的自尊心，并阻断了我的事业发展，这促使我放弃自己相对高调的职业，当然，就像出丑的政府部长那样，我借口“我想有更多的时间与家人呆在一起”来掩饰我的离开。

35. I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a buildup of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”, and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.

【分析】本句中as perhaps Kelsey will…a buildup of stress充当插入语，其中Kelsey will后面省略了前面出现的重复单词discover，after作为介词引导宾语her much

publicized resignation做状语。本句的主体结构是I have discovered that…宾语从句中主语为abandoning…and making…并列的动名词短语；谓语为bring sth结构，只是因宾语far greater rewards than financial success and social status过长，而把with it状语提前。

【词汇】resignation 离职

a buildup of stress长期的压力

doctrine 信念

alternative 转换

social status社会地位

【译文】我发觉，放弃那种“日夜操劳的生活”信念而选择“放慢生活的节奏”会带来比金钱和社会地位更大的回报。凯尔西在长期经受巨大压力后，从惹人注目的《女性》杂志编辑部退出之后，恐怕她也将与我有同样的感觉。

36. Tom came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far reaching consequences for the culture of a society.

【分析】句子的主干为Tom came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism。which引导限制性定语从句，修饰linguistic determinism。在由which引导的定语从句中，in its strongest form是插入语，谓语动词states跟了两个宾语从句：一是that language imprisons the mind，一是and that the grammatical patterns…society。

【词汇】come to 逐渐

state v.阐明

imprisons the mind“禁锢思想(或思维)”, 注意不能译成“把大脑(或思想) 关进牢房”

far reaching深远的

consequence影响

【译文】汤姆逐步开始相信某种类似语言决定论的观点，其极端说法是：语言禁锢思维，语言的语法结构能对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。

37. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.

【分析】本句主语的核心词汇是The great interest in exceptional children，后面是分词结构作后置定语shown in public education over the past three decades，其中over the past three decades 是时间状语。谓语动词是indicates, 宾语是the strong feeling in our society, that引导分割式同位语从句解释the strong feeling，从句中all citizens是主语，后面是插入语，谓语部分是deserve the opportunity to…。

［语法知识拓展］分割式同位语从句指的是先行词和关系词之间还带有其他成分，通常是介词短语。如何判断是不是分割式，一是看从句的动词形式，比方说I know many places in the world that have their own cultures. 从句中动词是have，显然前面的名词是places，不是world。二是根据句意。

【词汇】show great interest in对…表示强烈的兴趣

deserve the opportunity to 享有…的机会

【译文】在过去的30年中，公共教育中显示的对残疾儿童的巨大关注表明了我们社会中的一种强烈的情绪，那就是所有的公民，不管其情况有多特殊，都应享有充分发展其能力的机

会。

38. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.

【分析】句首是as引导的状语从句，其中move away from后面接了三个并列的宾语their stable community, their friends of many years和their extended family relationships，主句是and 连接的两个句子组合而成的并列句，前面一个句子的主语是the informal flow of information，谓语是is cut off，后面一个句子中，with it是状语，主语是the confidence，后面that引导同位语从句。注意：后面分句本身结构是the confidence that…. is cut off，由于and前后并列，句尾的is cut off被省略。

【词汇】stable 稳定的

cut off切断

trustworthy 值得信赖的

reliable 可靠的

【译文】随着家庭离开他们原来稳定的社区，离开他们多年的朋友和传统大家庭的关系，非正式的信息流动被切断了，随之而去的还有对在需要时能获得可靠和值得信赖的信息的一种信心。

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