美国文学史复习资料
美国文学史复习资料
美国文学史复习（colonialism)
第一部分殖民主义时期的文学
一、时期综述
1、清教徒采用的文学体裁：a、narratives 日记 b、journals 游记
2、清教徒在美国的写作内容：
1）their voyage to the new land
2) Adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops
3) About dealing with Indians
4) Guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit
3、清教徒的思想：
1）puritan want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices 净化信仰和行为方式
2) Wish to restore simplicity to church and the authority of the Bible to the theology. 重建教堂，提供简单服务，建立神圣地位
3）look upon themselves as chosen people, and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing God's will and is not to be
事的权利。没有任何政治秩序和教会体制能够直接体现神本身的意旨。
6、英国最早移民到美国的诗人：Anne Bradstreet
7、在殖民时期最好的清教徒诗人：the best of Puritan poets is Edward Tayor.
学习指南：
1、Could you give a description of American Puritans? 关于美国清教徒的描绘
Like their brothers back in England, were idealists, believing that the church should be restored to the "purity" of the first-century church as established by Jesus Christ himself. To them religion was a matter of primary importance. They made it their chief business to see that man lived and thought and acted in a way which tended to the glory of God. They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God, all that John Calvin, the great French theologian who lived in Geneva had preached. It was this
kind of religious belief that they brought with them into the wildness. There they meaant to prove that were God's chosen people enjoying his blessings on this earth as in Heaven.
2、Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety were the Puritan values that dominated much of the earliest American writing.
3、The work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet & Edward Taylor, rose to the level of real poetry.
4、The earliest settlers included Dutch, Swedes, Germans, French, Spaniards Italian, and Portuguese.
美国文学史复习2（reasoning and revolution) (2009-01-17 15:54:25)
一、美国的性质：
The war for Independence ended in the formation of a Federative bourgeois democratic republic - the United States of America. 联邦的资产阶级民主共和国--美利坚合众国。
二、代表作家：
1、Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克
林 1706-1790
1）"Poor Richard's Almanac" 穷人理查德的年鉴annual collection of proverbs 流行谚语集
It soon became the most popular book of its kind, largely because of Franklin's shrewd humor, and first spread his reputation
2) Founded the Junto, a club for informal discussion of scientific, economic and political ideas. 建立了一个秘密俱乐部，讨论的主题是政治、经济和科学等时事方面的问题
3）established America's first circulating library, founded the college--University of Pennsylvania. 建立了美国第一个可租借的图书馆，还创办了一所大
学—就是现在的宾夕法尼亚大学。
4）first applied the terms "positive" and "negative" to electrical charges.
5)As a representative of the Colonies, he tried in vain to counsel the British toward policies that would let America grow and flourish in association with England. He conducted the difficulty negotiations with France that brought financial and military support for America in the war. 作为殖民地的代表，他不断建议英国改变政策，
使美国可以和英国一起发展、繁荣。他说服法国支持美国的独立战争。
6）As an author he had power of expression, simplicity, a subtle humor, sarcastic.作为作家具有非凡的才能，表达简洁明了，幽默，讽刺天才、7）The Way to Wealth致富之道The Autobiography自传 18世纪美国唯一流传至今的自传
2、Thomas Paine 托马斯·佩
因 1737-1809 "Great Common of Mankind" 最平凡的人
1）famous pamphlet "Common Sense" 著名的政治小册子《常识》 it boldly advocated a "Declaration for Independence", and brought the separatist agitation to a crisis. 拥护独立宣言，使分裂活动发展成最后危机。2）"American Crisis" 《美国危机》，signed "Common Sense" (p31,第一段）
The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题；Common Sense常识；American Cri sis美国危机；Rights of Man人的权利：Downfall of Despotism 专制体制的崩溃；The Age of Reason理性时代