2012武汉理工大学研究生口语考试(部分相似话题材料)

口语考试（相似话题仅供参考）

1.教育问题

(1).扩招问题

Many colleges and universities have expanded their enrollment since 1998. The reasons for the expansion are as follows. Firstly, they want to keep up with the need of the job market to produce more qualified people to take up the jobs. Secondly, the expansion has entitled many high school graduates to the right of receiving higher education. Last but not least, it can raise the intellectual standards of our nation.

However, studies show that the trend to expand has brought about many problems. For instance, the teaching facilities and accommodation capacities of many colleges and universities are limited and are unable to meet the demand of an ever-increasing number of the newly enrolled students. On the other hand, the average quality of the freshmen is declining. In the long run, hunting for a job will be a tough thing for the graduates and that will inevitably exert much pressure on the prospects of employment.

In spite of all this, I am still confident that the expansion of enrollment is of great benefit to our society and is a good thing. With the development of our national economy, the problem as mentioned above will be solved if proper measures are taken.

(2).就业难

It’s very hard for college graduates to find a job, o f course harder to get an ideal job. In fact, many factors contribute to the unfavorable situation.

First, more and more students can go to college because of the being fast improved high education of China. As a result, there are more graduates every year. However, job vacancies don’t increase that fast. More people, less food, which is the exact description of the hard condition. Second, more and more people go on to pursue their master and doctor degree; more and more Chinese oversea students come back to China to hunt better working chances. It is sure that the competition is more and more fierce. Third, because of the fast development of science, technology, economy, society and the interchange of different nations, all units have higher requirement of their employees, for example, stronger ability and higher degree.

In addition to the factors above, there are still more which bring hardship for graduates to find jobs. Nevertheless, how to solve the problem is more important. It is a good idea for the graduates to learn more knowledge with a higher degree and to practice and improve their capability of dealing with all kinds of situation, organization, having good terms with others and cooperative spirit. Besides, the government should try to and encourage all units to create more job vacancies for the college graduates. Of course, the graduates should have a proper attitude towards various jobs, but not always pursue those with higher payment.

2.现代科技利弊

The value of science and technology

Sample 1

It has been widely noted that, with the growing use of computers and calculators both in the classroom and in the home, the level of literacy and mathematical ability of students is dropping. This raises serious doubts about the value of the progress of science and technology. Here I will discuss the pros and cons of this question.

First of all, advances in science and technology have certainly brought about many benefits for mankind. They have made our lives more comfortable and healthier. In addition, they have eased the burden of work for most people and provided them with more leisure opportunities, while at the same time increasing productivity dramatically.

Nevertheless, it can not be denied that technology has some negative effects (side-effects). As mentioned above, with computers which check spelling, grammar and calculation for them, students have little motive to learn how to do these things for themselves. Also, the availability of TV programs and videos encourages an unhealthy, sedentary lifestyle.

Another aspect of this issue is that technology may be good or bad, depending on how we use it. For instance, dynamite may be used to make road construction easier, or it may be used to kill people. Again, nuclear reactors can supply huge amounts of cheap electricity, but if they are carelessly handled they can cause devastating pollution.

We can conclude that the progress of science and technology has both positive and negative effects. What we must do is to make sure that the positive ones are encouraged and the negative ones are eliminated as far as possible.

Sample 2 (Science and Human Life)

Advantages:

Science and technology have been bringing human beings tremendous benefits. Thanks to science and technology, we now live comfortably and conveniently in houses furnished with（供给）air conditioners, refrigerators, washing machines and televisions etc. Thanks to science and technology, we can eat fresh vegetables all the year round. Thanks to science and technology, we can travel long distance in the fraction of a second on planes, trains and cars. Disadvantages:

However, science and technology have also brought us a lot of disasters. First, because of the many breakthroughs in the field of medicine, people are now living much longer than they used to. As a result, the population of the world is increasing, causing lots of problems. Second, because of the development of industry, lots of the wastes from factories pour into the air and rivers, causing pollution of all kinds. Third, some terrorists are using science and technology against mankind. They use chemical and nuclear weapons to threaten world peace.

Conclusion:

So it is urgent that we find ways to solve these problems. We should make some rules to regulate our actions. But I do not think that we should stop the development of science and technology because of these disasters they bring, just as we should not give up eating for fear of choking. I do believe if we use science and technology in a proper way, they may bring us even more benefits. Sample 3

Both of them:

Light and lamps extend the daytime, putting more leisure at our disposal as well as stealing our precious resting hours. Trains and buses shorten the distance on land, but thousands of people are killed each year in traffic accidents. Drug and surgeon prolong the expectation of life; however, the abuse of medicine is also staggering. Computer and internet transform the earth to a village, meanwhile convenient accesses are offered to hackers. We are facing such a situation: a bitter fruit in one hand and a delicious one in the other, both from the tree of advanced technology.

The rapid development of science and technology has brought about great changes to human life.The great benefits brought about by this progress is hailed in every corner of the world.New electronic appliances have made our life simpler than ever before.New inventions have helped us to organize our daily activities. Our job can be done faster.Mobiles and QQ have made it easier to communicate with other people. Internet has enabled us to know and understand other culture and society better.

However,the disadvantages about this development should not be neglected .Some of scientific inventions have even caused great harms or disasters to mankind.For example, advanced technology can be easily manipulated by irresponsible persons.Besides, We'll be too dependant on it. When technology fails, we are helpless

Sometimes, it affects our health and lifestyles(we'll be complacent and lazy.) The chemicals may be hazardous).What's worse, Science and technology may even destroy our simple and healthy life(Sometimes How we miss the traditional style of living!).In addition , The appearance of new technology may invade our privacy.

To sum up, humans must be alert against the possible harm while enjoying the benefits from them.

3.撒谎话题

1.Do you agree or disagree that we should never tell lies to others?

As the saying goes: honesty is the best policy. Yet, I fully agree that sometimes it is better not to tell the truth, that is, there are times when it would do more harm than good to reveal the true facts. My argument for this view goes as follows.

Patient eagerly waits for the results from the doctor, and the doctor's responsible is to choose whether to tell the patient truth or not.Because the emotion of the patient is one of the decisive factors in curing his/her illness,especially in the case of cancer.Maybe the doctor can comfort his patient to let him be less worried by choosing not to tell him the truth.So in my opinion, an experienced doctor should know if he can tell his patient truth ,and he must know that his words are important and influential to his patient.

For a doctor, we may understand that sometimes it is better not to tell the truth. But “sometimes” deserves emphasis here. After all, honesty is one of the fine qualities of human beings. We should treat life in an honest way.

2.Never think you will never be detected, when you want to tell a lie. The chances are, sooner or later, your lie witt be found out and it will then expose you to shame.

Telling a lie is morally wrong. Besides, there are many disadvantages lying in the way of a liar. First, he has to have a good memory, lest he contradicts at one time what he said in another. Second, he is always annoyed by his conscience, because he is in constant fear that his falsehood

may be found out. Third, a liar is never trusted and respected by others. The result may be that his words, even when he speaks the truth, are not believed. Fourth and the last, once a person has told a lie, he cannot help telling another in order to conceal the first, and then a third and a fourth, until lying becomes ahabit. After that, he may say something untrue even when he wishes to speak the truth.

The disadvantages resulting from telling a lie are too many to be listed. The above are just some of the obvious ones. If you want to be free from these annoyances, if you want to be a trustworthy person, never tell a lie.

4.提高生活质量

1. Exercise 运动

Exercise is a way to improve yourself both mentally and physically. If you don't want to cough up the money for a gym membership, personal trainer, or expensive in-home weight set, try this simple full-body workout by performing these exercises:

运动是能从身心两方面提升自我的方法。如果你不情愿掏钱去健身房，请私人教练，或者购买昂贵的运动器材，试试练习以下简单的全身锻炼：

Push ups

俯卧撑

Crunches

仰身

Squats

蹲坐

You can find a plethora of free workouts and workout tips online. For instance, don't have dumbbells? Use cans of soup, or a few old milk cartons filled with water.

你可以在网上找到太多这种免费锻炼的方法和锻炼的诀窍。举例说，没有哑铃，就用罐汤，或几瓶灌满水的旧牛奶盒。

2. Go to the Library 去图书馆

The library is a great resource that is often under utilized - and its free! The library has books, CDs, tapes, DVDs, and free access to computers. Picking up a book is a great way to entertain yourself and also tune up your reading skills. Your local library holds a vast amount of knowledge just waiting to be acquired!

图书馆是一种人们经常利用的丰富资源，而且是免费的！图书馆有书籍，光碟，录音带，数字影碟，还有免费上网端口。拿本书来看是你娱乐自身的好方法，同时还可以提高你的阅读技巧。你当地的图书馆蕴含大量的知识，只等你去吸取。

3. Meditate 沉思

This is one thing that everyone should do to improve his or her quality of life. Meditation is often thought of as relaxation, which it is, but one can also gain insight into their lives by just sitting quietly and thinking. If you don't want to think about anything, just sit there silently and count your breaths - this will help you immensely as well. Sometimes thinking about nothing can accomplish as much or more than having your mind full of thoughts.

这是每个人都该做的事情，以改善自身的生活质量。沉思往往被认为是一种放松，事实如此，但一个人也可以以静坐和思考来深入了解自身的生活。如果你不愿意去想任何事，就默默坐在那里，数一下您的呼吸----这也将极大地帮助到你。有时候脑袋不想任何事比您脑袋装满东西一样，可以完成或更多地完成工作。

4. Take a Walk 散步

A walk can be a great way to relieve stress. Even if you are just going once around the block, taking a walk does wonders for your mood. You can walk to a place you need to go, or just walk with no destination in mind. The latter is often more relaxing.

散步是舒缓压力的好方法，即使你只是在周边街道走一遍，散步会对你的心情产生神奇的作用。你可以步行到一个你要去的地方，或只是毫无目的的散步。但后者往往是更放松自由的。

5. Smile 微笑

Just the act of smiling will put you in a better mood. No matter what is going on in your life, you will feel at least a little better just by letting yourself smile.

单是微笑这个行为会给你一个好心情。不管你的生活过得如何，让自己微笑会让你感到好点儿了。

6. Give Something Away 赠送

Generally, we all have too much stuff, and it can be overwhelming. Decide what you don't need anymore, and give it away either to charity or a friend.

一般来说，我们都会有太多无关紧要的东西，但它们还是可以利用的。想一下哪些东西你不需要了，把它捐给慈善机构或者是你的朋友。

7. V olunteer 做一名志愿者

V olunteering doesn't only improve your life, but also the lives of others. There are lots of ways to volunteer, you could do so on a regular basis with an organization or group you support, or simply stop into a place and donate a few hours of your time. Great examples of this are going in to the humane society to walk the dogs or signing up to help serve a meal at a homeless shelter.

志愿活动不只是改善你的生活，还同样改善别人的生活。成为一名志愿者有很多种方式，你可以在你支持的组织或团体中定期做义工，或者干脆到某个地方花几个小时做事情。此类成功的例子还有加入人道组织去帮忙遛狗，或报名在收容所中协助准备午餐。

8. Organize 整理

Organize your living space - your desk, office, room, backpack, briefcase, kitchen, bathroom, closet, etc. Keeping things in order helps keep your life in order. A chaotic house leads to a chaotic mood when coming home at the end of the day, so take the extra time to keep things organized.

整理好你的生活空间，你的书桌，办公室，房间，背包，公文包，厨房，浴室，壁柜等，保持东西整齐，有助于让你的生活井然有序。当结束一天工作回家，凌乱的内务会给你带来混乱的心情，所以可以花点额外的时间，保持东西整齐。

9. Ride Your Bike 骑自行车

Not only is this good exercise, but with the price of gasoline, taking your bike for those short trips can end up saving you a good deal of money. Riding a bike is also much less stressful than driving through traffic.

骑自行车不仅是一项良好的锻炼，而且随着汽油价格的上涨，短途旅行骑自行车可以节省一大笔钱，而且骑车也比开车少很多压力。

5.交通问题

As China's economy grows, salaries rise, and more city residents feel the need to hit the road in what has become a symbol of individuality and freedom – a car.

China has a growing love affair with the car. This is clear at the Beijing Asian Games Village Automobile Exchange, where more and more people come to look and, increasingly, to buy.

Alice Wu is an editor at a Chinese Internet publication. She takes the subway to work, but she is certain she can cut her commute time if she drives herself.

Wu says it takes her three hours to get to work now. If she had a car, she says, the same trip would only take her two hours.

Big business

The Asian Games Village Automobile Exchange is the biggest car dealership in Beijing. General manager Guo Yong says the business sells more than two thousand cars each week.

Guo says it is much easier for Chinese consumers to buy a car now. In the past, it would take them several years to earn enough money to buy a new car. Now, he says, many people only need to save for one year.

Also, the emergence of less expensive domestic brands like Chery and BYD means more Chinese can afford cars.

Traffic congestion

For decades, most Chinese city residents got about by bicycle or public buses and trains. Now, in many areas, the number of new cars is growing faster than the road system, leaving city streets jammed with traffic.

Guo Liang has wanted to buy a car for a decade, and he will be the first in his family to own one. He is not deterred by Beijing's traffic jams.

Guo says if the traffic is too bad, he will use the car for leisure or holidays with his family. Another customer, Zhang Menxin, works in Beijing, but is from Xi'an, more than 900 kilometers away.

Zhang says it is very difficult to get a train ticket to return home for Chinese New Year. She adds that she will want to take her infant son, and that the train is not convenient. If she had her own car, she says, she could go anytime she wanted to.

Status symbol

World Bank transportation specialist Shomik Mendhiratta says a car is something people in any society would aspire to own.

"Getting a car makes people feel like they have arrived (to the) middle class," Mendhiratta said. "It's got a huge status associated with it. It's a fantastic thing to have, if you have never had a car.

A car gives you a mobility that's unbelievable."

And, as 26-year-old car shopper Alice Wu points out, for young women in her generation, a car also can help make a potential boyfriend a little more attractive. She says she does not care if a future beau has a car – but she says if he does, it will add points.

6.青少年犯罪

It has become apparent to us that one of the serious problems confronting Chinese society is the teenager crime-that is, crime committed by individuals who haven't come of age. As is described in the picture, a teenager boy held a knife in his hand with blood dripping down and on the floor behind him lay an old lady who was killed by him. Whether the category is murder or robbery, the problem of juvenile delinquency has drawn people's attention and concern.

There are a number of factors, both individual and social, which may account for the serious problem. One reason is that with the improvement of our life, people have more sources of entertainment, among which TV is the most popular. However, many TV programs are full of

violence and crime. Influenced by these programs, teenagers, who are not mentally mature enough, will follow the examples to commit crimes. Another reason lies in the fact that one negative consequence of rapid social development is the breakup of more and more marriages.

7.离婚率问题

1.It is a social phenominon that divorce rate is on the rise. At first glance, it seems a retrogression of social civilization. By further analysis, it is not hard to see the social and economic reasons for it. In the past, marriage used to be confined by family backgrounds. Some talented people could not find the spouses of their hearts because of their family origin. Some were married with reluctance in their heart to those beneath them. Such a marriage can not bring happiness. As time edvances young people put a higher standard on marriage. They want to have more in common with their life-long companion. To them, marriage is the unity of body and soul. They associate love more with esteem and admiration than with passion. Some are too young to fall in Iove. When they are in passion, they marry each other. When the passion is gone, the marriage is over. That is an irresponsible attitude. The young people would rather separate than tolerate, so they unite easily and separate quickly. With the open-door policy, more people are getting rich. More money brings threat to the stability of marriage. Some spend money lavishly on material comforts and seek after beautiful young women. As a result, more families are broke. Money cannot buy true love and happiness.

2.After Charles Darwin has formulated the theory of biological evolution, an entirely brandnew world emerged in front of human beings. People, being proud and exhilarated, reap the benefits of various sorts of evolutions ranging from scientific technology, biology to anthropology and psychology, which comes out undoubtedly by virtue of society’s development. Unfortunately, not all the evolutions are going on the track of sound progress and making for economic boost. Instead, they fall victims of dramatic change in terms of culture value and morality. Divorce issue just escapes no way from it.

In ancient China, from the traditional perspective, people equated divorce to vicious immorality. Even after China’s liberation, it was still a dominant faith among the public within several decades. No matter who proposes divorce, man or woman, will be strongly condemned for their self-absorbed course of actions. To make things worse, discrimination and pressure could possibly befall them for their rest of life. Then they stand scant chance of cashing in on their previous reputation. If you ask your grandparents how toxic divorce could be, they will worn you of not even thinking of it for a second when you get married, in a serious tone. Viewed this way, divorce, to a large extend, has something to do with families. A notion that divorce was portrayed as terribly as Big H was pervasive during 60 and 70s, for marriage largely reflected family image. A “good”family composed of one pair of “good”couples by no means got involved in divorce troubles. They supported each other, cared for each other, passed away with the other holding his or her hands firmly.

More than family image concerning morality, it was the follow-up problems that lay at the heart of divorce controversy. Psychological unbalance, physiological change, financial issue, child rearing and education problem, in various degree, all exert large pressures on single parents. Social

discrimination and criticism was not easy to put up with.

With the reform and opening policy covering our nations, China has been undertaking changes not only in the economic fields, but also ideology areas. In most western countries, divorce no longer exits simply eliciting negative impact. Instead, people would rather live another better-off and perspective future without constant quarrels or domestic violence away from the family than keeping relations under the shadow of family harsh disharmony. Therefore, divorce turns up as an option of freedom. The foreign notion held out the shift in the ideological domain among Chinese people. We begin to be more sympathetic and tolerable to divorce. For example, people with unsuccessful marriage dare to go to Divorce Office to settle down issues instead of keeping it in secret. People gradually believe that confining themselves to unhappy marriage is to strip of their pursuit of human rights. Secondly, as economy level keeps progressing, decent jobs and high salaries make single parent more capable of supporting their families. Thus, divorce rate rose up sharply from 4% in 1979 to 13.7% in 1999.

When stepping into 21st century, we witness more significant changes in society. However, accordingly, divorce rate is skyrocketing beyond people’s imagination. The Statistics Bureau’s recently published figure shows that divorced people tripled from 340 thousand in 1980 to 1.6 million in 2005. And young generation born after 1980 constitutes a large part of above group.

Why does it happen? Does the new generation divorce for the same reason which influences their parents right after the reform and opening policy?

The majority of the people born in 1980s is the only child in their families, and it is the result of “family policy”. Though this social development contributes a lot to our country, it unfortunately, more or less, undermines imperative sense of responsibilities of this generation. After all, they are not aware how severe it could be to their marriage. Generally speaking, there are five reasons for the phenomenon. The 80s’people are lack of mercy and tolerance, financially dependent, incapable of housing trifles. Meanwhile, they establish a family impulsively, failing to take much into consideration and ironically, can divorce way too conveniently because of the law regulations. Take the first factor as an example. The 80’s children who are regarded as the emperors seem able to acquire everything they want owing to their parents’ excessive indulgence. They cast about for everything which can satisfy their criteria. As a consequence, when they confront marriage problem by themselves, so long as their ideal requirements cannot mesh with the reality, the solution to resolve the commonness of milk and water’s life is to sign their names in divorce agreement. Consumed with the fancy of a more exciting life, 80’s children shy away from previous marriage and slip into single state. Then, it is not surprising to find that some divorce companies, whose purpose is to help people get divorced, established and especially serve for those 80s who “can dish it out but can’t take it”.

All in all, social advancement leads to large bulks of benefits to people, however, at the same time, divorce is evolving at a incredible speed, which brings a relatively high rate.

8.谈谈你对幸福感的认识

中文：

（1）各位老师下午好，我们组所讨论的话题是对幸福感的定义。首先我来谈谈自己的看法，我觉得幸福感和满足感是在一定程度上是等同的。当你得到了自己想要的，相信你一定会感觉到很满足很开心这也就是幸福。幸福源自于成功。

（2）我觉得上一个同学说的很有道理，不过我还想作一点补充。有时没有得到自己想要的一样会觉得很幸福。这源自于比较。当你因为自己没有鞋子而哭泣时看到了另一个人没有脚.在同情别人的同时,你会发现自己其实很幸运。所以学会知足就会得到幸福。

（3）我非常赞同比较这么一种说法，但是我想从另外一个角度来谈一谈。当你和别人相比不算幸福时也是可以找到幸福的。不是每个人都能过上富翁们那样奢侈的生活。如果你只是一个普通人，凭借自己的努力，一点点地改善自己的生活，当你回头看时，这一路上你已经收获了许许多多富翁们不曾有过的幸福。所以幸福来自于奋斗。

（4）我非常同意上一个同学的说法，生活中不可能总是一帆风顺，幸福要靠自己去争取。虽然可能会有过伤心，有过失望，但只要自己努力过尽力了，你会体会到其中的幸福和快乐的。

（5）以上同学说得非常的好，就像他们说的那样，幸福感是一种心态，关键是看你怎么想了。新的一天开始，让自己今天过得比昨天更精彩，相信你一定会是一个幸福的人。幸福其实挺简单的。学会奋斗，懂得知足，幸福就会来敲门。

英文：

（1）Good afternoon teachers, our topic is about the definition of happiness. Firstly, let me say something about my view. In my opinion, to some extent, happiness and satisfaction are equivalent. When you get what you want, I am sure you will feel very happy and very satisfied. And you get happiness. So happiness comes from success.

（2）I think the last student’s view is very reasonable. And I would like to add something. Sometimes not getting what you want will still make you feel very happy. This is derived from the comparison. For example，when you cry because of having no shoes to wear but to see another people having no feet. I think while you are in sympathy with the other people ,you will find how lucky you are . So learn to be content，you will get happiness.

（3）I agree with the saying of comparison very much, but I would like to say a few words from another angle. When compared with others ,you are not the better one ,you can still experience happiness. Not everyone can live a luxurious life as millionaires. If you are just an ordinary person, through your own efforts, you improve your live little by little at last. When you look back, you will find, during the process you have harvested many happiness that millionaires have never experienced. So happy comes from hardworking.

（4）I really agree with the statement from the last student, life can not always be smooth sailing, and happiness comes from your striving. While you may have tasted sadness and disappointment, so long as you have try your best , you will experience happiness and joy from it.

（5）The discussion all above is very wonderful , just like what they have said, happiness is a state of mind, the key is to see how you think about it. For a new day, trying to make today better than yesterday, I believe you will be a happy man. Happiness is actually very simple. Learn to struggle, comprehend contentment, and happiness will come to you.

9.谈谈金钱与幸福感的关系（有钱不一定幸福）

1. 老师上午好，我们讨论的题目是金钱和幸福感的关系，这个题目反映了现实中的一个普遍的问题就是，什么是幸福，是不是有钱就意味着幸福呢？金钱和幸福的关系到底是什么样子呢。我们的观点是有钱不一定幸福，下面我们将对这个问题展开分析。

2. 首先要说的是，没有钱是万万不能的。因为我们日常生活，工作学习等是不能不和这个社会脱离关系的，我们要不停的和周围的人交换来获取各自所需，在这个过程中，金钱就是一个媒介，所以拥有金钱就可以获得相关的需要。没有钱，就无法获取这些

3. 但是有钱也不是万能的，比如说，有的人一生都在追求金钱，但是却在追求的过程中迷失了自我，失去了对亲情和爱情等其他的美好事物的体会与享受，这样在获得金钱之后，却没有感觉到自己有多少的幸福感，而这些东西却不是用金钱可以买来的。所以金钱不是万能的

4. 挣钱的动机是什么，其实这个动机关系着金钱和幸福的平衡。有人挣钱是为了让自己摆脱困境，那么在获取金钱之后确实可以感到物质满足后的幸福感。有的人获取金钱是为了帮助那些需要的人，也可以获得帮助别人而获得认可的幸福感。如果挣钱的动机不正确，比如是因为贪婪，那么纵然获取再多的金钱也不能获得幸福的。

5. 所以说，金钱和幸福有着关系，但是这个关系的重点却是，有钱不一定幸福。我们需要获取金钱，金钱可以让我们获得物质上的满足。但是一定要有好的动机，在动机正确的前提下，拥有金钱可以同时拥有幸福，否则，拥有金钱也不一定幸福。

The relationship between money and happiness

1. Good morning, teacher, we will discuss the topic of the relationship between money and happiness, this topic reflects the reality of a common question is, what is happiness, is money means happiness? What is the relationship between money and happiness. Our view is that money does not necessarily means happy, here we will analyze the issues.

2. First of all, we want to say that ,without money, we can’t do anything at all. Because in our daily lives, work and study, we have to keep in touch with the society, we have to exchage the daily necessary with other people, money is a medium, therefore, with money, we can get what we want, without it, we can’t get it.

3. But money is not a panacea, for example, some people is in pursuit of money for all his life, and lost himself in the pursuit, lost the ability to enjoy the family happiness and love. In this situation, if you have lots of money, but you are absolutely not happy, for the feeling of love can’t be bought by money. So money is not a panacea.

4. What is the motive of making money, actually the motive of making money affects the balance of money and happiness. Someone make money as they want to get out the poor situation, when the have the money , they will feel the happiness of material. Someone make money for the ones who are in need of help, whey will be happy as the can help the others. If the motive of making money is not correct, for example, just for greedy, with money , you are not happy at all.

5.Now we can have a conclusion, money have a lot of relation with happiness, but the important point is that, money doesn’t means happiness, with money, we can buy a lot of thing we want, but we can’t but love and health. With a good motive of making money, we will be happy with money, otherwise, with money, we are not happy.

10.谈谈你对“Happiness is less a matter of getting what we want than of wanting what we have."这句话的理解。

1.没钱是万万不能的。就是说如果人没有金钱，人就没有幸福。没有钱什么都无从谈起，包括幸福。因为没有钱，人就无法生存，人不能生存，哪有幸福可言。

2.钱不是万能的，也就是说许许多多，或者说大部分的幸福，用钱是买不到的。

钱和幸福的关系是一种间接的关系，而没有必然的联系。有钱人都幸福吗？答案当然是否定的；没钱的人都不幸福吗？答案当然也是否定的。

3.幸福有三个要素，有希望，有事做，有爱存在。

幸福是相对而言的，没有痛苦，人只能有微薄的幸福。没有沧桑，难以了解生活的真谛，生活有波有折有起伏，有惊有险有障碍，有心有水有沙漠，有风有雨有逆顺，总是五味相随。生命的经历苦也好累也罢，走一段总要回头，好也罢赖也罢，日子总要继续。

幸福是一种体验，用心的触觉和爱的体验来感应世界万物的丰富多彩，必定会收获或美丽或忧伤的情感体验。

幸福是一种心态，幸与不幸更多的结果不在于事情本身，而在于个体的品味和理解。有时候人生活的快乐与否，在于有没有一颗平常心，只要能够明白平常心、自然态才是人生境界，就会“知足者常乐”。

善于感受和体会生活的人是幸福的，不要以为幸福离我们遥远，其实幸福无处不在，充斥在点滴之间，在乎用心去感受。

1. Money is totally unacceptable. That is, if people without money, people have no happiness. What no money out of the question, including the well-being. Because there is no money, people can not survive, people can not survive, how can there be happiness at all.

2. Money is not everything, that many, or most of the happiness money can not buy.

The relationship between money and happiness is an indirect relationship, and not necessarily linked. Rich people are happy? Of course the answer is no; money people are not happy? Of course the answer is no.

3. Happiness has three elements, there is hope, something to do, there is love there.

Happiness is relative, no pain, there can be only modest human being. No vicissitudes, it is difficult to understand the true meaning of life, living off waves of ups and downs, it scared You risk the obstacles, determined to the desert with water, with wind and rain a Nishun always weird hand in hand. Hard it is tired of life experience worth mentioning, take a look back always, no matter whether good or rely on, day total to continue.

Happiness is an experience, heart and love the experience of touch to sense the world of all things colorful, it will definitely gain or beautiful or sad emotional experience.

Happiness is a state of mind, fortune or misfortune is not the result of more things themselves, but rather the individual's taste and understanding. Sometimes the joy of life or not, is there a sense of balance, as long as they understand the normal, natural state is the realm of life, will "Better than."

Good feelings and understanding of life that is happy, do not think that being far away from us, in fact, happiness is everywhere, filled in bit by bit between the care

11.举例说明现实生活中的一些悖论（如经济发展但幸福指数下降；如人们生活水平富裕，拥有更多车，但是导致了环境污染问题。）

英文：

(1) good morning teachers, our topic is some paradoxes in our daily lives. In my opinion, I think

there are many paradoxes in our daily lives, for example, eco nomic growth doesn’t make us more happy, technology improvement brings a high level of environmental contamination.

(2) yes, I quite agree with you. Economic growth doesn’t mean that we humans can look forward to increasing happiness. Richer people are more likely to report themselves as being happy than poorer people are. But steady improvements in the economy have not been accompanied by steady increases in people's self-assessments of their own happiness.

(3) I can’t agree with you more. I heard that th ere has been not improvement in average happiness in the United States over almost a half century----a period in which real GDP per capita more than doubled. The explanation for this paradox may be that people become less satisfied over time with a given level of income. Because that as incomes rise, the aspiration level does too, and the effect of this increase in aspirations is to vitiate the expected growth in happiness due to higher income.

(4) You two guys said very well, I really agree with your idea. Actually people are striving for the tremendous improvement of technology at the cost of our environment. The blue sky is being severely polluted and human life is being threatened. Our living environment and some natural resources are being destroyed in the blind pursue of high technology. At present, the ecology of our planet can hardly support the continuous expansion of heavy-polluting, high-consuming and low-profit production pattern. What’s more, it is quite necessary that we have an objective understanding of the relationship between technology improvement and the ecological environment.

(5) Every one has given a good speech. Indeed, there are many paradox in our daily lives. For example, welfare states face an inescapable paradox: The level of production needed to sustain a welfare state cannot be sustained by a welfare state. Sometimes, I think we can deal with some paradoxes successfully. We can find a balanced point between its two aspects.

中文：

（1）我的观点是日常生活中有许多自相矛盾的现象，比如说经济的增长并没有给人们带来更多的快乐，技术的提高带来的是环境上的污染。

（2）是的，我非常同意你的观点。经济增长并不意味着我们的日子有望越过越幸福。富人比穷人更有可能称自己是幸福的。然而，人们对幸福感的自我评价并未伴随着经济稳步发展而有所提高。

（3）是的，我非常同意你的观点。我听说在过去近半个世纪中，美国的实际人均国内生产总值增加了2倍多，而人们并未感到比以往更幸福。”对于这种自相矛盾的现象也许可作如下解释，随着时间的推移，人们对一定的收入会越来越不满。因为收入增加了，人们的期望值也相应提高了，期望值的提高会抵消收入提高所带来的预期有所增加的幸福感。

（4）你们两个说的非常好，我同意你们的看法。人们以环境为代价努力争取技术的巨大进步。天空已经收到严重污染，人们的生存环境收到严重的威胁。我们的生活环境，自然资源已经因我们盲目追求高科技而受到毁坏。我们地球的生态环境已经不能再继续承受严重污染，高消耗，低赢利的生产模式。更重要的是我们需要有一个客观的认识关于技术提高和生态环境。

（5）每个人都说的很好。生活中的确有很多自相矛盾的现象。比如说国家的福利就面对着不可逃避的自相矛盾。生产水平需要去维持国家福利，生产水平不能依靠国家福利去维持。有些时候，我认为我们可以成功的处理这些自相矛盾的现象。我们可以在这矛盾的两个方面找个平衡点。

12.近现代社会还有哪些发明（发现）给生活带来巨大的变化。

（1）各位老师上午好，我们组所讨论的话题是还有哪些发明给生活带来巨大的变化。首先我来谈谈自己的看法，我觉得近代中的很多发明改变了我们的生活，

（2）是的，我很同意上面一位同学的观点。十九世纪，电的发明改变了我们的生活，若果没有电，我们的生活不会像今天这样，或许我们还在使用蜡烛，我们也不能使用冰箱，电脑，现在生活离开了电，很多事情都无法做了。

（3）我认为电话的发明改变了我们的生活，人们之间的大都用电话联系，很快很方便，如果没有电话，我们或许要利用见面或者写信的方式。效率很低，浪费了大量的时间，我们可以利用这些事情做其他事情。

（4）我同意你们的观点，网络也改变了我们的生活，现在很多人学习办公都要利用电脑，很方便，我们也可以利用网络进行沟通，离开网络，我们的世界将会变成什么样子。

（5）以上同学都说的非常好，现在的很多发明改变了我们的生活，而且在日常生活中我们都用到了很多，如果没有这些发明的话，我们将会变成什么样子。

(1) teaches, our topic is some inventions greatly change our life, first let me talk about me opinion.

i think many invention much change our life, what do you think?

(2) Yes, I agree with your view. Nineteenth century, the invention of electricity has changed our lives, if there is no electricity, our lives will not be like this, perhaps we are still using candles, we can not use the refrigerator, computer, nowadays life cant depart electricity, a lot of things can not do.

(3) I think the invention of the telephone changed our lives, people contact with each other by telephone before ,but now is quick and convenient, if there is no telephone, we may have to meet or write letter. which waste a lot of time, we can use these time to do other things.

(4) I agree with your view, the network has changed our lives, and now many people use computer to learn and work , it is convenient, we can also use the Internet to communicate,leave the network, we will become what the world .

(5) you are all right, and now many inventions changed our lives, we use a lot in our common life, without these inventions, what we will become .

武汉理工大学有机化学参考答案

环境科学专业本科培养计划 Undergraduate Program for Specialty in Environmental Science 一、业务培养目标 ⅠEducational Objectives 本专业培养具备环境科学的基本理论、基本知识和基本技能，具有较强的适应能力、实干精神和创新意识，能在科研机构、高等学校、企事业单位及行政部门等从事环境方面的科研、教学、管理等工作的高级专门人才。 The program in environmental science is designed to provide students an integrated education, which helps students to develop the basic knowledge and capabilities, and prepares them to be advanced environmental science personnel with high adaptability and creative consciousness. Students will be well-prepared for careers in academic institutions, educational institutions, and private and government agencies. 二、业务培养要求 ⅡEducational Requirement 本专业学生主要学习环境科学方面的基本理论、基础知识和基本技能，受到基础研究和应用基础研究方面的科学思维和科学实验的训练，培养较好的科学素养，有较强的自学能力和分析解决环境问题的能力，具备一定的教学、研究、开发和管理能力。 毕业生应获得以下几方面的知识和能力：

武汉理工大学房屋建筑学整理版

一、名词解释（每小题 2 分，共 10分 1、 建筑模数 ： 建筑模数是选定的标准尺度单位，作为尺度协调中的增值单位。 2、 框架结构 ： 由梁和柱以刚接相连接而成，构成承重体系的结构。 3、 板材墙 ： 在工厂中预制好各种构件，在施工现场进行机械安装而成的墙体。 （叠砌墙：将预先加工 好的各种块材用胶凝材料叠放砌筑而成的墙体。板筑墙：在墙体部位直接立模，在模版内夯筑 或浇筑各种材料而成的墙体。 伸缩缝 ： 为防止建筑构件因温度变化、热胀冷缩使房屋出现裂缝或破坏，在沿建筑物长度方向相 隔一定距离预留垂直缝隙。这种因温度变化而设置的缝叫做温度缝或伸缩缝。 隔墙： 隔墙是分隔室内空间的非承重构件。 6． 建筑： 建筑是指建筑物与构筑物的总称。建筑物是指人们在内进行生产和生活的房屋或场所 构筑物是指为某种工程目的而建造的、人们一般不直接在内进行生产和生活的建筑物。 7． 建筑构件的耐火极限： 建筑构件的耐火极限，是指按建筑构件按时间 -温度标准曲线进行耐火试验，从受到火 的作用时起，到失去稳定性、完整性被破坏或失去隔火作用时止的这段时间 8，定位轴线： 9，建筑构造 10. 建筑构件 11. 建筑配件 4、 5、

三、简答题（每小题6 分，共30分） 第一章 1.建筑的含义是什么？什么是建筑物和构筑物？建筑是指建筑物与构筑物的总称。建筑物是供人们在其内部进行生产、生活或进行其他活动的房屋或场所, 构筑物是指为某种工程目的而建造的、人们一般不直接在其内部进行生产和生活的建筑物。 2.构成建筑的三要素是什么？如何正确认识三者的关系？ P12-13 3.什么叫大量性建筑和大型性建筑？ 大量性建筑是指量大面广，与人们生产、生活密切相关的建筑，如住宅、幼儿园、学校等。大型性建筑是指规模宏大、耗资巨大、修建数量有限的建筑，如大型体育馆、大型剧院等。 4.低层、多层、高层、超高层建筑的划分界限是什么？ 中国《民用建筑设计通则》（GB 50352—2005）将住宅建筑依层数划分为：一层至三层为低层住宅，四层至六层为多层住宅，七层至九层为中高层住宅，十层及十层以上为高层住宅。除住宅建筑之外的民用建筑高度不大于24m 的公共建筑和高度大于24m 的单层公共建筑为多层建筑，大于24m 者为高层建筑（不包括建筑高度大于24m 的单层公共建筑）；建筑高度大于100m 的民用建筑为超高层建筑。 5.建筑物的使用年限是如何划分的？分别适用于什么工程？ P15 6.建筑物的耐火等级如何划分？什么叫构件的耐火极限和燃烧性能？P16 7.建筑设计阶段是如何划分的？分别适用于什么工程？ P18-19 8.什么是风玫瑰图？在建筑的设计中有什么作用？ P25-26 9.什么是地震震级、地震烈度和基本烈度？地震震级：一次地震所释放能量的大小。地震烈度：地面及房 屋建筑遭受地震破坏的程度。基本烈度：在今后一段时期内，一般场地条件下，该地区可能遭受的最大地震烈度。 10.实行《建筑模数协调统一标准》的意义？其包含的内容？如何规定的？P27 11.什么是定位轴线？在建筑设计中各起什么作用？ P29 12.什么是标志尺寸，构造尺寸和实际尺寸？在建筑设计中各起什么作用？标志尺寸：用以标注建筑物定 位轴线之间的距离大小。

2018考研复试英语口语万能句型及复试话题

2018考研复试英语口语万能句型及复试 话题 考研复试英语口语的考察除了考生准备的自我介绍外，老师还会随机的问一些问题，各个院校的口语形式略有不同，有的院校会给提供几份报纸，先让学生读，然后就文章来提问题，那么根据历年考研英语口语问题的收集，老师给考生整理了经常会问到的问题及如何回答： 1.人物相关的问题 如果老师问到人物方面的问题，考生可以介绍父母，老师等。 Parents: my mother is the person whom I admire most due to her so many personalities like talented, tolerant, and most of all, her spirit of dedication. First of all, she much a talented person who not only has great achievements in her work, but also can cook delicious food for my dad and me. Further, since she is well-educated, she can tolerate different opinions from varied people. And the most beautiful thing about her is that she has beautiful mind. Thirty as she is in the daily life, she saves the money and donates all of them to the people who may need them. The way she does and thinks make me want to be the person like she is. That is why I think my mother is the person I admire most. Teacher, a good teacher should have following personalities. First of all, a good teacher makes herself available to all students. She should know which students need extra assistance. Furthermore, a good teacher is an effective communicator, who knows when she needs to change her communicating techniques to be sure students can grasp instructional concepts. Just like an old saying "Give me a fish and I eat for a day, teach me to fish and eat for a life time." This must be a philosophy of every good teacher. 2.事情相关的问题 老师可能问到事务问题，考生可以从以下几个方面介绍：休闲娱乐（看书，听音乐，户外活动）。 When I have time, I read books. My favorite book is the old man and sea which is written by Ernest Hemingway, one of the greatest American writers. The book told us a story about an old man called Diego who did fishing in Cuba. Though he came across lots of difficulties on the sea and came back without a single fish, he has optimistic and still held the hope. Diego is the like mirror which reflects what (Hemingway) wanted to tell all of us: never give up and the final success will come right after the last try. Music: My favorite music is …which is sung by…The reasons why I love that song are based on following aspects: 1. It reflexes my mind. 2. I always have a greater efficiency after

武汉理工大学普通化学09 11级考试试卷.doc

武汉理工大学考试试题纸（ A 卷） 课程名称普通化学专业班级09 一、（选择题，每题2分，共20分） 1.下列化合物中( )是配合物。 A.(NH 4) 2 SO 4 ·FeSO 4 ·6H 2 O B.KCl·MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O C.K 2PtCl 6 D.Cu(OOCCH 3 ) 2 2.298.15K时由下列三个反应的△r H m 数据可求的△f H m （CH4,g）的数值为（） C(石墨) + O2 (g) = CO2 (g) △r H m = -393.5 kJ·mol-1 H2(g) +1/2O2 (g) = H2O (l ) △r H m = -285.8 kJ·mol-1 CH4(g) + 2O2(g) = CO2(g) + 2H2O (l ) △r H m = -890.3 kJ·mol-1 A.-74.8 kJ·mol-1 B.211.0 kJ·mol-1 C.890 kJ·mol-1 D.无法确定 3.描述核外电子运动状态的下列各组量子数中，不可能存在的是( ) A.3,0,-1,- 1/2 B. 3,2, 2,+1/2 C.2,1,1,- 1/2 D.2,1,0,- 1/2 4.已知FeO (s)+C(s) =CO(g) + Fe(s) 反应的△r H m 为正，△r S m 为正（假定△r H m 和△r S m 不随温度而变），下列说法正确的是（） A.低温下自发过程，高温下非自发过程 B.高温下自发过程，低温下非自发过程 C.任何温度下均为自发过程 D.任何温度下均为非自发过程 5.在一定条件下，如果某反应的△r G m (298.15K)为零，则该反应，（） A.能自发进行 B.不能自发进行 C.处于平衡状态 D.属于何种情况（自发或平衡）难以判别 6.已知标准氯电极的电势为 1.358V，则当氯离子浓度减少到0.1mol·L-1，氯气分压减少到 0.1×100kPa时，该电极的电极电势应为（） A.1.358V B.1.328 V C.1.387V D.1.417V 1.4

武汉理工大学马原复习题答案

2016-2017《马克思主义基本原理概论》期末考试 内容要点 考试题型及分值：1. 名词解释（20分）；2. 命题辨析（30分）；3. 材料题（20分）；4.论述题（30分）。 绪论 1.什么是马克思主义？P2 马克思主义由马克思、恩格斯创立的，为他们的后继者所发展的，以批判资本主义、建设社会主义和实现共产主义为目标的科学理论体系，是关于无产阶级和人类解放的科学 内容上包括马克思主义哲学，马克思主义政治经济学和科学社会主义三个基本组成部分 来源：批评的继承、吸收德国古典哲学、英国古典政治经济学和法国、英国的空想社会主义。 a.从它的创造者、继承者的认识成果讲，马克思主义是由马克思、恩格斯创立的，而由其后各个时代、各个民族的马克思主义者不断丰富和发展的观点和学说的体系。 b.从它的阶级属性讲，马克思主义是无产阶级争取自身解放和整个人类解放的科学理论，是关于无产阶级斗争的性质、目的和解放条件的学说。 c.从它的研究对象和主要内容讲，马克思主义是无产阶级的科学世界观和方法论，是关于自然、社会和人类思维发展的一般规律学说，是关于资本主义发展及其转变为社会主义以及社会主义和共产主义发展规律的学说 第一章 1.列宁的物质概念P31 物质是标志客观实在的哲学范畴，这种客观实在是人通过感觉感知的，它不依赖于我们的感觉而存在，为我们的感觉所复写、摄影、反映。 2意识---为何是主观与客观的统一P31 （意识是人脑的机能，是物质世界的主观印象。首先，意识是以自己特有的感性形式和理性形式来反映客观世界的，意识的这两种反映形式虽然是主观的，反映的内容却是客观的。其次，个体意识的差异性表明了意识的主观性，但其产生的根源却是客观的。其中，既有先天生理素质的原因，又有个人实践经验的多寡、所处环境的不同，阶级立场的差异、文化修养的高低等等。所以，个体意识的差异性也是主观和客观的统一。综上所述，意识既不能脱离其物质器官——人脑的机能而存在，也不能脱离其反映对象——客观物质世界而存在，是主观形式和客观内容的统一。） 意识是物质世界长期发展的产物，是人脑的机能和属性，是物质世界的主观映像。意识从其本质来看是物质世界的主观映像，是客观内容和主观形式的统一。意识是物质的产物，但又不是物质本身，意识是特殊的物质 3.相对静止P33 相对静止是物质运动在一定条件下的稳定状态，包括空间的相对位置和事物的根本性质暂时未变这样两种运动的特殊状态。 运动的绝对性体现了物质运动的变动性、无条件性，静止的相对性体现了物质运动的稳定性、有条件性。运动和静止相互依赖、相互渗透、相互包含，“动中有静、静中有动”。无条件的绝对运动和有条件的相对静止构成了对立统一的关系。 4.新事物---新事物为什么一定会代替旧事物；P46 第一，就新生事物与环境的关系而言，新事物之所以新，是因为有新的结构和功能，它适应已经变化了的环境

武汉理工大学高层建筑施工考试题答案

一、判断(共计50分，每题２、5分） 3３、?关于焊接点得位置，下述说法错误得就是（） Ａ、应设在最大弯矩处及弯折处 B、在３5d与5００ｍm范围内,受拉筋接头数≯５0% C、?不宜在框架梁端、柱端箍筋加密区内 D、不宜用于直接承受动力荷载得结构构件中 错误：【A】 ３４、关于定型组合钢模板配板设计得说法错误得就是（) A、尽量用大块模板，少用木条拼补，可省支承连接件 B、合理使用转角模 Ｃ、端头接缝尽量错开,整体刚度好 D、模板宽度方向同构件长度方向 错误：【D】 2０、钢结构安装应考虑建筑物得沉降量. A、正确 Ｂ、错误 错误：【B】 二、单选(共计50分,每题2、5分） 21、关于钢筋冷拉得说法错误得就是（） Ａ、可以控制钢筋冷拉应力对钢筋进行冷拉 B、可以控制钢筋冷拉率对钢筋进行冷拉 Ｃ、用冷拉应力控制钢筋冷拉，冷拉后,钢筋长短不一,对要求等长或定长得预应力筋难以满足要求 D、用冷拉应力控制钢筋冷拉，冷拉后屈服点不稳定 错误:【D】 17、抱钻就是指在黏性层土中挖槽，钻速过慢，切削下来得泥土难以从钻头及侧刀上甩开而附着在钻头及侧刀上。 A、正确 Ｂ、错误 错误：【A】 9、锚杆在插入时不需要采取对中措施. A、正确 B、错误 错误：【Ｂ】 10、钢管柱吊装就位后,应立即进行校正并加以临时固定,以保证构件得稳定性。 A、正确 Ｂ、错误 错误：【A】 8、灌注桩后注浆注浆顺序:非饱与土,先桩侧后桩端；饱与土，先桩端后桩侧。 A、正确 B、错误 错误:【Ｂ】 1、塔式起重机起升高度就是指轨道面或混凝土基础顶面至吊钩中心得垂直距离. A、正确

B、错误 错误：【A】 5、扣件式脚手架特点就是通用性强、搭设高度大、装卸方便、坚固耐用。 A、正确 B、错误 错误:【A】 2、钢管对接应严格保持焊后肢管平直，一般宜用分段反向焊接顺序,分段施焊尽量保持对称。 A、正确 Ｂ、错误 错误:【A】 1、打桩时,桩、桩帽、桩锤在同一铅垂线上，确保桩能垂直下沉. Ａ、正确 B、错误 2、低承台桩基桩身全部埋于土中,承台底面与土体接触。 A、正确 B、错误 ３、坡度系数得物理意义就是当基坑深为1米时,边坡宽度得大小。 Ａ、正确 Ｂ、错误 错误:【A】 4、放坡开挖适合于基坑四周空旷、有足够得放坡场地,周围没有建筑设施或地下管线得情况。Ａ、正确 B、错误 错误：【A】 5、当起重机起重臂长度一定时，随着仰角得增大，起重量与起重高度得减小，而回转半径增加； A、正确 B、错误 错误：【B】 ６、环形及U形布置适用于大面积基坑，如采用U形布置，则井点管不封闭得一段应在地下水得上游方向。 A、正确 B、错误 错误:【B】 7、在软土中，当布桩较密，打桩顺序又欠合理时，发生一桩打下，将造成邻桩上升，或将邻桩拉断,或引起周围土坡开裂,建筑物裂缝。 Ａ、正确 B、错误 错误:【Ａ】 ８、柱、梁得箍筋,除设计有特殊要求外，应与受力钢筋垂直；箍筋弯钩叠合处，不应沿受力钢筋方向错开设置。 A、正确 Ｂ、错误 错误:【B】

研究生英语口语考试话题范文教学文稿

研究生英语口语考试 话题范文

话题一：Please describe the importance of self-confidence and give some examples to support ideas. Share your own experience about it with your partners. Hi，guys，Today our topic is self-confidence,What do you think about self-confidence. Self-Confidence is very important in daily life. It can help you to develop a healthy attitude. A study shows that the people who are more confident are much happier. They can have more chance to make themselves successful. 自信对于日常生活非常重要，它让你有一个健康的态度，研究表明自信会更快乐，它还能让人更有机会成功。 People say that self-confidence is half of the success. Without self-confidence, You can’t do well in anything. Self-confidence is very importance to a person. 人们说自信是成功的一半。没有自信，一个人就不能做好任何事。自信对一个人很重要也很有价值。 Firstly, Self-confidence, let a person maintain a good mental and physical state.We often say that the body is the capital of the revolution. Only when you are in good health, can you be really successful eventually. Secondly,once we gain self-confidence, we will possess the courage and strength to overcome the setbacks and difficulties. With self-confidence, no one and nothing can stop your way.Thirdly, with self-confidence we may accomplish something which seems to be impossible. No great thing is easy for us, therefore we should hold the idea that anything is possible. We should trust in ourselves. 首先，自信让人保持好的身体和精神状态，我们常说身体是革命的本钱。只有你身体健康，你最后才能真正成功。其次，一旦我们获得了自信，我们就拥有了勇气和力量去克服挫折和困难。有了自信，没有人也没有什么能够阻止你成功。再次，有了自信我们可能实现一些以前看起来不可能的事。没有什么大事对我们是容易的，因此我们应该相信一切皆有可能。我们应该，或者必须相信自己。 When I was a child, I was very unconfident and often doubted everything. It's even like this question “What day is today”,I had to go to the calendar to make sure.This feeling is not good.

2015.06武汉理工大学普通化学试卷A答案

…………装订 线……………… 装订线内不要答题，不要填写信息………………装订线………… 武汉理工大学考试试题答案（A卷）2014 ~2015 学年2 学期普通化学课程 一、选择题（共20分，每小题2分） 1. B; 2. B; 3. D; 4. D; 5. C; 6. A(或D或者AD); 7. B; 8. C; 9. C; 10. C 二、填空题（共20分，每空1分） 11. 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1（注：写成[Ar]3d104s1也得分）； 4 12. (注：未写出cθ也得分) 13. sp；sp2；sp3；不等性sp3 14. Br2；I- 15. -3211；正（或右） 16. ； 1.09×1017 17. 7.45×10-7；7.87 18. 增大；减小 19. [Cu(NH3)4]SO4 20. HSO- 4 >HAc>H2S > HCO--2---2 三、是非题（共10分，每小题2分） 21. ×; 22. ×; 23. √; 24. ×; 25. × 四、问答题（共10分，每小题5分） 26. 答： ) O H (2 2 kc v=( 3分) 一级反应( 2分) 27.答： 选用BaCl2为沉淀SO42-的试剂，生成溶度积很小的BaSO4，利于SO42-沉淀完全，达到除杂的要求。( 2分) 过量的Ba2+，用Na2CO3(aq)作为沉淀试剂，生成BaCO3沉淀。( 2分) 过量的CO32-，可采用加HCl生CO2除之；并控制溶液pH值接近6~7。 在上述除杂过程中所引进的Cl-，Na+，恰是食盐的基本组成。( 1分) {}{} {}{}2θ eq 4 θ eq θ 2 eq θ 2 eq θ Cl H Cl M n c c c c p p c c K ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( - + + =

(已整理)武汉理工大学现代交换技术复习资料

交换技术复习题 题型：选择题、简答题、计算画图题。 第一章交换概论 1、交换技术经历了哪几个发展阶段？ 最早的“自动交换机”是在1892 年11月3 日投入使用的，那是美国人史端乔发明的步进制自动电话交换机。 电话的发明家是英国人亚历山大·贝尔。 2、构成通信网的三个必不可少的要素是什么？ 通信网是由用户终端设备、传输设备和交换设备组成。它由交换设备完成接续，使网内任一用户可与其他用户通信。 3、请阐述交换机在通信网中完成的功能有哪些？答：（1）接入功能：完成用户业务的集中和接入，通常由各类用户接口和中继接口完成； （2）交换功能：指信息从通信设备的一个端口进入，从另一个端口输出。这一功能通常由交换模块或交换网络完成; （3）信令功能：负责呼叫控制及连接的建立、监视、释放等； （4）其它控制功能：包括路由信息的更新和维护、计费、话务统计、维护管理等。 4、电路传送模式、分组传送模式和ATM 传送模式的特点是什么？ 电路交换（Circuit Switching ，CS）是指固定分配带宽（传送通路），连接建立后，即使无信息传送也占用电路的一种交换方式。电路交换的最小单位是时隙。PSTN 中采用电路交换。 5、比较电路交换、分组交换的主要特点。 答：（1）电路交换：独占时隙，同步时分，位置化信道，面向连接； （2）分组交换：采用包交换方式，分组包长度可变，异步时分，标志化信道； 6、电路交换系统有哪些特点？ 答：1）电路交换是面向连接的交换技术。2）电路交换采用静态复用、预分配带宽并独占通信资源的方式。3）电路交换是一种实时交换，适用于对实时性要求高的通信业务。 7、分组交换的主要优点是：第一，为用户提供了在不同速率、不同代码、不同同步方式、不同通信控制协议的终端之间能够相互通信的灵活的通信环境；第二，采用逐段链路的差错控制和流量控制，出现差错可以重发，提高了传送质量和可靠性；第三，利用线路动态分配，使得在一条物理线对可以同时提供多条信息通路。 8、分组交换可提供虚电路（Virtual Circuit ，VC ）和数据报（Datagram，DG ）两种服务方式。数据报方式的每个分组头要包含详细的目的地址，而虚电路方式由于预先已建立逻辑连接，分组头中只要含有对应于所建立的虚电路的逻辑信道标识即可。 9、比较电路交换、分组交换和ATM 交换方式的主要特点。 答：①电路交换：信息传送的最小单位是时隙；面向连接的工作方式（物理连接）；同步时分复用（固定分配带宽）；信息传送无差错控制；信息具有透明性；基于呼叫损失制的流量控制。 ②分组交换：信息传送的最小单位是分组；面向连接（逻辑连接）和无连接两种工作方式；统计时分复用（动态分配带宽）；信息传送有差错控制；信息传送具有不透明性；基于呼叫延迟制的流量控制③ ATM 交换：采用包交换方式，分组包长度定长为48+5 字节，异步时分，标志化信道，面向连接。 10、PCM帧结构。某用户占用PCM30/32路系统的TS12 路，则其信令位出现在一复帧的第（F12）帧的第（TS16）时隙的（前）四位。 11、同步时分复用和异步时分复用的特点是什么？两者的区别是什么？同步时分多路复用技术: （STDM ，Synchronization Time-Division Multiplexing ）这种技术按照信号的路数划分时间片，每一路信号具有相同大小的时间片。时间片轮流分配给每路信号，该路信号在时间片使用完毕以后要停止通信，并把物理信道让给下一路信号使用。当其他各路信号把分配到的时间片都使用完以后，该路信号再次取得时间片进行数据传输。这种方法叫做同步时分多路复用技术。

研究生口语考试对话

硕士研究生“英语口语”课程考试对话话题（原创对话见下文，供参考） 1. 就所给话题编对话，考试时从6组对话中抽取1组进行考试。所编对话内容应该基于口语教材内容，否则降低打分档次。 2. 口语考试对话话题（一共6组对话）： 1) Student A: Invite your partner to the cinema with you one evening next week. It seems s/he is very busy, and s/he gives various reasons to decline. Try your best to make it. Remember you will initiate the conversation. Student B: Your partner is going to invite you to the cinema one evening next week. You are very busy, and find various reasons to decline his/her invitation. But in the end you agree on an evening. Remember your partner will initiate the conversation. 2) Student A: You discuss with your partner whether postgraduates should take the part-time job of private tutors. The answer to the question itself is not important. What you and your partner should do is try to think of all the advantages and disadvantages of taking part-time jobs. Remember you will initiate the conversation. Student B: You discuss with your partner whether postgraduates should take the part-time job of private tutors. The answer to the question itself is not important. What you and your partner should do is try to think of all the advantages and disadvantages of taking part-time jobs. Remember your partner will initiate the conversation. 3) Student A: You talk with your partner (Student B) about the qualities you expect of your supervisors. After your discussion, it seems difficult for you both to agree on the same criteria. Remember you will initiate the conversation. Student B: You talk with your partner (Student A) about the qualities you expect of your supervisors. After your discussion, it seems difficult for you both to agree on the same criteria. Remember your partner will initiate the conversation. 4) Student A: You are the manager of the human resource department of X Company; your company wants to employ some engineers with the knowledge on railway building. Now Student B comes to have an interview. Ask him/her related information. Remember you will initiate the conversation. Student B: You have learned that X Company wants to employ some engineers with the knowledge on railway building and you want to get the job. You have been arranged an interview with the manager of the human resource department. S/he will ask you some questions about this job. Remember your partner will initiate the conversation. 5) Student A: Today you ran across your old friend (Student B) who you haven't seen for a long time. After greetings, you get to know that he/she has been away for a tour. Your friend will tell you some things about the tour, and you also ask him/her questions about the tour and make comments. Remember you will initiate the conversation. Student B: You have been away for a tour, and came back yesterday. Today you ran across your old friend (Student A) who you haven't seen for a long time. After greetings, you told your friend you had a tour. And you told him/her some things about your tour. He/she would also ask you questions about your tour. Remember your partner will initiate the conversation. 6) Student A: Bad habits are always terrible. Chinese people have one bad habit: spitting in public places. What do you think can be done to stop

武汉理工大学有机化学第15章习题参考答案

第15章习题参考答案 15.1 (1) 谷氨酰胺(2)亮氨酸(3)赖氨酸(4)谷氨酸(5) 色氨酸(6) 组氨酸 15.2 COOH CH 2COOH H H 2N COOH 2SH H H 2N COOH H H 2N H CH 3C 2H 5 R C H 2 H 3N C O O H + H 3N C O O H + C H 2S H 酪氨酸 半胱氨酸 S-天门冬氨酸 S-半胱氨酸 （2S,3S ）异亮氨酸 S-酪氨酸 15.3 COO -NH 3+H OH H 3 COO -+ H 3N HO CH 3 COO -+ H 3N OH H CH 3 COO -NH 3+H HO 3 I II III VI 结构式I 为L-苏氨酸，手性标记为 (2S, 3R)。 15.4 (1) N a + C l - N O O H H 过量H C l 过量N aOH N O O -H N O O H H H Pro, 色氨酸 (2) C l - H O C H 2C H C O O N H 2 过量N aOH H O C H 2C H C O O H N H 3+ T yr, 酪氨酸 N a + N a +O - C H 2C H C O O -N H 2 (3) Cl - N a + H O CH 2CH CO O H N H 2过量H C l 过量N aOH H O C H 2C H CO O - N H 2 H O C H 2CH C O O H N H 3+Ser, 丝氨酸 (4) C l -H O O C C H 2C H C O O H N H 3+ 过量H C l 过量N aOH H O O C C H 2C H C O O H N H 2 A sp, 天门冬氨酸 a +N a + -OO C C H 2C H C O O -N H 2 15.5 加入水合茚三酮，氨基酸有显色反应 15.6苯丙氨酸含一氨基一羧基，为中性氨基酸，其水溶液呈弱酸性。因其等电点pI=5.84,故：pH=3.0时带正电荷：在pH=5.8时净电荷为零，为两性离子：在pH=10.0时带负电荷： 15.7 (提示：考虑为什么杂环N 在Trp 中不是碱性的。) Lys 的结构为： H 2N C H 2C H 2C H 2C H 2C H C O O H N H 2 ，其分子中有两个氨基，在水溶液均可电离，必须加

武汉理工大学动力测试技术自测题

《热能与动力机械测试技术》自测题（一） 一．填空题 １．从作用上看，任何测量仪器都包含感受件、中间件和效用件这三个元件，其中中间件可完成、、、等任务。 ２．选择仪表时，既要考虑其，又要注意其。 ３．测量仪表按用途可分为、实验室用仪表和，其中实验室用仪表的精度等级一般为。 ４．我们常采用、、这三种方法来消除系统误差。 ５．从偶然误差的正态分布规律中，可归纳出偶然误差具有对称性、、、和四个特性。 ６．间接测量误差不仅与直接测量量的误差有关，而且还与有关。７．运用有效数字的计算法则计算：１９.４５+０.００７４+１.６２３＝，１.４２×５４.７４×０.１５７８２＝，４１１２１/２＝。８．试验数据的表示方式有、、三种。 ９．考铜、铜与铂相配的热电势（热端１００℃，冷端０℃）为－４.０mV、＋０.７６mV，则铜、考铜相配后的热电势为。 １０．现代测功机均为平衡式测功机，它是根据的原理来测量转矩的。１１．测取液柱式压力计的读数时，对酒精应从算起。 １２．气缸动态压力的测量中，常用以下三种方法确定上止点：、、。１３．适用于内燃机上测量流量的非标准节流元件是和；标准元件是m＝０.５５时的。 １４．某频率为8０Hz的纯音听起来和１０００Hz、9０dB的声音一样响，则其响度级为。 １５．按噪声性质的不同，内燃机的噪声可分为_______________、______________和______________。 １６．目前大多数国家采用的分析仪有三种：主要作为测定ＣＯ排放的标准仪器；作为测定ＨＣ排放的标准仪器；作为测定ＮＯＸ排放的标准仪器。我国测定摩托车怠速排放物的取样系统是系统。 １７．发动机试验台最基本的设备是。稳定工况下测定汽油消耗采用法、测定机油消耗采用法。 １８．采用机械式重量法测量发动机台架试验的燃油消耗率时，误差主要来自于、这两方面。 二．判断题 １．热电式传感器是利用电阻随温度而变化的特性来测量温度的传感器。（）２．直流电力测功机是既能吸收发动机的功率，又能倒拖发动机的测功机。（）３．一般情况下，压力表所测读数是绝对压力。（）４．当研究振动对零部件的负荷与力的关系以及振动力的传递时，应测量加速度。（）５．１／１倍频程和１／３倍频程滤波器都属于恒百分比带宽滤波器。（）６．若两台机器单独运转时在接收点处的噪声级彼此相等，则它们同时运转时在接收点处的合成声压级增加３ｄＢ。（）７．对发动机进行台架试验时，计算得大气修正系数为Ｋ＝０.９９，因此该发动机的有效功率、有效转矩和燃油消耗率是用该系数进行修正的。（）８．在发动机台架试验中，对b e的测量属于直接测量。（）９．石英单晶和压电陶瓷都是压电材料的一种，所以它们在任何情况下都具有压电效应。 （） 参考答案 一．填空题

《房屋建筑学》综合测试题2(含答案)武汉理工大学

《房屋建筑学》课程考试 综合试题2 名词解释（共10分） 1．建筑2．建筑构件的耐火极限3．平面组合设计4．设计视点5．韵律 二、单项选择题（每小题1分，共10分） 1、民用建筑包括居住建筑和公共建筑，其中（）属于居住建筑。 A. 托儿所 B. 宾馆 C. 公寓 D. 疗养院 2. 根据防火规范，一、二级耐火等级建筑，防火墙最大间距为( )m。 A．150 B.120 C. 180 D.140 3. 为增强建筑物的整体刚度可采取（）等措施。 A. 构造柱 B. 变形缝 C. 预制板 D. 过梁 4. 天然地基上的基础，一般把埋深在( )以内的叫浅基础。 A. 6m B. 5m C. 4m D. 2m 5. 屋顶是建筑物最上面起维护和承重作用的构件，屋顶构造设计的核心是（）。 A. 承重 B. 保温隔 C. 防水和排水 D. 隔声和防火 6．民用建筑中，窗子面积的大小主要取决于（）的要求。 A．室内采光B．室内通风C．室内保温D．立面装饰 7．建筑物之间的距离主要依据（）的要求确定。 A．防火安全B．地区降雨量C．地区日照条件D．水文地质条件 8 .现浇水磨石地面常嵌固分格条(玻璃条、铜条等)，其主要目的是（） A. 防止面层开裂 B. 便于磨光 C. 面层不起灰 D. 增添美观 9. 楼梯踏步的宽度(水平投影宽度)以mm左右为宜，不应窄于mm。( ) A. 300, 260 B. 320, 250 C. 280, 260 D.340, 280 10. 预制板在墙上的搁置长度不少于mm。( ) A. 110 B. 80 C. 90 D.100 三、填空题（每小题1分，共20分） 1、均衡所涉及的是建筑物各部分_______之间的轻重关系，稳定所涉及的是建筑物整体_ ______之间的轻重关系。 2、散水应设不小于的排水坡，宽度一般为。 3、吊顶主要有两个部分组成，和_。 4、雨水口通常为定型产品，分为和两类，前者后者适用于。 5.细石混凝土防潮层的做法通常采用mm厚的细石混凝土防潮带，内配钢筋。 6.保温屋顶的保温材料一般为。 7.《建筑模数统一制》中规定采用100mm作为。 8.通常房间的最小净高不宜低于m。 9.地下室的防水措施有、、。 10.平屋顶排水坡度有和两种做法。 11.吊顶面层分为和。 12. 圈梁设置的数量和位置是：一般以下房屋可只设一道，或按多层民用建筑层以下设一道圈梁考虑。每层圈梁必须，若遇标高不同的洞口，应。 13. 板材饰面的天然石材主要有、及。 14. 根据阳台与建筑物外墙的关系，可分为、和。