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考研英语阅读 试卷1

考研英语阅读 试卷1
考研英语阅读 试卷1

考研英语(阅读)-试卷1

(总分:60.00,做题时间:90分钟)

一、 Reading Comprehension(总题数:6,分数:60.00)

1.Section II Reading Comprehension(分数:10.00)

__________________________________________________________________________________________

解析:

2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by

choosing A, B, C or D.(分数:10.00)

__________________________________________________________________________________________

解析:

The most thoroughly studied intellectuals in the history of the New World are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. According to the standard history of

American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was So much importance attached to

intellectual pursuits. According to many books and articles, New Englands leaders established

the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life. To take this approach to the New Englanders normally mean to start with the Puritans theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church—important

subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual

life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New

world circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity. The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts churches in the decade after 1629, there were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed

to Boston. These men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness. We should not forget, however, that most New Englanders were less well educated. While few craftsmen or farmers, let

alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, it is obvious that their views were less fully intellectualized. Their thinking often had a traditional superstitious quality. A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and

religious hope—all came together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father

the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: come out from among

them, touch no unclean thing, and I will be your God and you shall be my people. One wonders

what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in puritan churches. Meanwhile, many settles had slighter religious commitments than Dane s, as one clergyman learned

in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New world for religion. 作牵洠楡?湥?慷?潴挠瑡档映獩?尠(分数:10.00)

(1).The author holds that in the seventeenth-century New England(分数:2.00)

A.Puritan tradition dominated political life.

B.intellectual interests were encouraged. √

C.Politics benefited much from intellectual endeavors.

D.intellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment.

解析:解析:细节题。从第一段nowhere else in colonial America was“So much importance attached tointellectual pursuits.”可知,B项为正确选项。A项为原文的篡改。C项从原文的表述中无法推出。D项“对于知识的追求享有自由的环境”在原文中根本没有体现。

)2.00(分数:(2).It is suggested in Paragraph 2 that New Englanders

A.experienced a comparatively peaceful early history.

B.brought with them the culture of the Old World. √

C.paid little attention to southern intellectual life.

D.were obsessed with religious innovations.

解析:解析:推断题。第二段中的第二句提到we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of Europeanculture…,题干中的“New Englanders”就是文中的“Puritans”,选项中的“brought with

them theculture of the Old World”对应文章中的“carriers of European culture”,因此B项为正确答案。

(3).The early ministers and political leaders in Massachusetts Bay(分数:2.00)

A.were famous in the New World for their writings.

B.gained increasing importance in religious affairs.

C.abandoned high positions before coming to the New World.

D.created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England. √

解析:解析:细节题。从第三段中的最后一句话“There men wrote and published extensively,reaching bothNew World and Old World audiences,and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectualearnestness.”可知,D项正确。A项和原文所说的范围不相符,B项在文章中没有提到,C项片面。

(4).The story of John Dane shows that less well-educated New Englanders were often(分数:2.00)

A.influenced by superstitions. √

B.troubled with religious beliefs.

C.puzzled by church sermons.

D.frustrated with family earnings.

解析:解析:细节题。根据题于中John Dane定位到第四段后半部分。约翰·丹奈的故事叙述了他因为受到宗教感召而移民新大陆。这个故事作为论据,论证了上文表述的观点“那些未受到良好教育的新英格兰人的思想往往带有传统的宗教迷信色彩”。所以A项正确。其他项只作为约翰·丹奈的个人特点被提及,不是未受到良好教育的新英格兰人的共同特点。

(5).The text suggests that early settlers in New England(分数:2.00)

A.were mostly engaged in political activities.

B.were motivated by an illusory prospect.

C.came from different backgrounds. √

D.left few formal records for later reference.

解析:解析:推断题。第三段首句提到,马萨诸塞湾的早期移民中包括在英国受过良好教育并具有相当影响力的人;第四段第一句和第三句提到,大多数新英格兰人并未受过良好的教育,他们的思想常常带有传统的宗教迷信色彩;第五段首句提到,还有很多移民没有虔诚的宗教信仰。因此可推知C项正确,intellectual backgrounds是对文中提到的教育、宗教背景的概括。A项“政治活动”在文中没有涉及。第二、三段提到早期移民被视为欧洲文化的使者,他们中包括著书广泛、具有相当影响力的人。因此排除B项和D项。

For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called

Ask Marilyn. People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental

level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228—the highest score ever recorded.

IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been

folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit

confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe(whose IQ is 100)as, whats

the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? Its

not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one

to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers. Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it mean to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science

and other fields? The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score,

even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales(both come in

adult and childrens version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given

only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savants are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a

statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age

by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test(SAT)and the Graduate Record Exam(GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests. Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and

in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?, Sternberg notes that traditional test best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change.

Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership—that

is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking

skill also matters, whether it s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.(分数:10.00)

(1).Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test?(分数:2.00)

A.Answering philosophical questions.

B.Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.

C.Telling the differences between certain concepts.

D.Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones. √

解析:解析:细节题。根据题干定位到第一段。答案信息所在的关键句子是IQ tests ask you to

completeverbal and visual analogies,to envision paper after it has been folded and cut,and to deduce numerical sequences,among other similar tasks。A项“Answering philosophical questions.”回答哲学问题.文章没有提到;B项“Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.”把纸张叠成或裁剪成不同形状。与文中不符;C项“Telling the differences between certain concepts.”判断并指出一定概念之间的区别,文中没提到;D项“Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.”在给出的相似的单词和图片中进行选择,与文中complete verbal and visual analogies一致,所以D项正确。

(2).What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3?(分数:2.00)

A.People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.

B.More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.

C.The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different. √

D.Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence.

解析:解析:推断题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段。由both come in adult and children's version可知,智商测试现有成人和儿童两个版本,故C项正确。A项“人们不再使用智商分数作为智商高低的指标”;B项“现在人们可以再

互联网上获得更多版本的智商测试”与原文表述不符合。D项“科学家已经明确了人类智商中的重要因素”,属于过度推断。

(3).People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant s because(分数:2.00)

A.the scores are obtained through different computational procedures. √

B.creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.

C.vos Savant s case is an extreme one that will not repeat.

D.the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.

解析:解析:细节题。根据题干定位到第三段。倒数第二句“Super high scores like vos Savant's are

nolonger possible,because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among

rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying

,agepeers

by 100.”说明现在的记分方法是基于同龄群体分布统计的,与之前的传统方法不同,因此A项正确。B项“现在更强调创造能力而不是分析能力”属于过度推断,C项不能说明原因,D项文章没有提到。

(4).We can conclude from the last paragraph that(分数:2.00)

A.test scores may not be reliable indicators of one s ability. √

B.IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated.

C.testing involves a lot of guesswork.

D.traditional test are out of date.

解析:解析:推断题。根据题干定位到最后一段。第二句说传统智商测试不能评估创造力和实践能力,第四句提到在压力大的情况下,根据智商分数预测出的领导能力与实际情况相反.由此可知A项“测试分数可能不是体现一个人能力高低的可靠指标”为正确选项。B项生拉硬套,C项以偏概全.D项属于过度推断。

(5).What is the author s attitude towards IQ tests?(分数:2.00)

A.Supportive.

B.Skeptical. √

C.Impartial.

D.Biased.

解析:解析:态度题。本题的关键在于第二段。第二段首句“Clearly,intelligence encompasses morethan

a score on a test.”之后连续三个疑问句,“Just what does it mean to be smart?How much

ofintelligence can be specified,and how much can we learn about it from neurology,genetics,com-puter science and other fields?”表明作者对智力测试持怀疑的态度。所以选B项skeptical“怀疑的”。A项Supportive“支持的”,C项Impartial“中立的”,D项Biased“有偏见的”,均不符合。

Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book,

Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should, Like, Care, John

Mc Whorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the

triumph of 1960s counterculture as responsible for the decline of formal English. Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. Mr. Mc Whorter s academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the

gradual disappearance of whom, for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss

of the case-endings of Old English. But the cult of the authentic and the personal, doing our

own thing, has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry,

the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In

both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.

Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that

Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like, care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including nonstandard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive—there exists no

language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is not arguing, as many

do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper. Russians have a deep love

for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms—he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful.

We now take our English on paper plates instead of china. A shame, perhaps, but probably an

inevitable one.(分数:10.00)

(1).According to McWhorter, the decline of formal English(分数:2.00)

A.is inevitable in radical education reforms.

√B.is but all too natural in language development.

C.has caused the controversy over the counter-culture.

D.brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s.

解析:解析:细节题。根据第二段第二句可知,麦荷特先生擅长语言史以及语言演变,他认为类似“whom”这一类的正式英语词汇的消失没什么大惊小怪的,就像古英语中一些繁琐的词格消失一样。由此可知,麦荷特认为正式英语的退化只是语言发展中的自然现象,故选B项。

(2).The word alking(Para. 3)denotes(分数:2.00)

A.modesty.

B.personality.

C.liveliness.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0411129383.html,rmality. √

解析:解析:含义题。根据第三段第一句可知,“走自己的路”这一对事物真实性和个人性的崇高信条,已经使正式演讲、写作、诗歌及音乐消亡了,即正式英语已经在退化了。最后一句指出,无论是在书面还是在口语英语中,talking 要胜过speaking,sportaneity(即兴发挥)也要胜过craft(精心准备)。由此可知,talking之于speaking就类似于spontaneity和craft的对比,“即兴发挥”就是使用非正式的语言,“精心准备”代表使用正式的语言。因此talking 与speaking的对比也就是非正式和正式英语语言应用的对比,talking代表的就是非正式英语,故选D项。

(3).To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?(分数:2.00)

A.Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk. √

B.Black English can be more expressive than standard English.

C.Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.

D.Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas.

解析:解析:细节题。根据第四段最后一句可知,麦荷特先生认为我们尽管说话不规范,但这不一定就会让我们的思考变得不准确,也就是,他认为逻辑思维和说话方式不是有必然联系的。所以选A项。

(4).The description of Russians love of memorizing poetry shows the author s(分数:2.00)

A.interest in their language.

B.appreciation of their efforts. √

C.admiration for their memory.

D.contempt for their old-fashionedness.

解析:解析:推断题。根据第五段的内容,作者首先描述了俄罗斯人爱好背诵诗歌以及意大利的政客们倾向于精心准备

演讲。作者用这些例子来说明以下观点,即“麦荷特为那些虽不实用却很美好的事物的消逝而哀叹”。经过分析得知,在作者的眼里,“俄罗斯人爱好背诵诗歌”和“意大利的政客精心准备演讲”都属于这些“虽不实用却很美好的事物”。由此可以推知,作者对俄罗斯人的做法是抱着欣赏态度的.表达的是对美好事物消逝的哀叹,故选B项。

(5).According to the last paragraph, paper plates is to china as(分数:2.00)

A.temporary is to permanent.

B.radical is to conservative.

C.functional is to artistic. √

D.humble is to

oble.

解析:解析:推断题。根据第五段第二、三句可知,麦荷特先生并不觉得正式英语是不可或缺的,也并没提出彻底的教育改革——他只是为那些“虽不实用却很美好的事物”的消逝而哀叹,如今我们过多地用非正式英语去替代正式英语。这虽然令人惭愧,但已经无法避免。由此可知,作者用“纸盘子”和“瓷盘子”来比喻正式英语的退化,联系上文可以推知,“纸盘子”指的是那些“实用却不美好”的事物,即非正式英语;“瓷盘子”则是指那些“不实用却美好”的事物,即正式英语,故选C项。

A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners. Along

with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and who would make some money and then go home. Between 1908 and 1915, about

7 million people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants,

for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname,

divide

We immigrants. about rigid more much are we Today, passage. of birds passaggio, di %uccelli

newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or brand them as aliens to be kicked out. That framework has contributed mightily to our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges. Crop

pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among todays birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas. They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them. They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another. With or without permission,

they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United

States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to

two nations honorably. Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes

on both sides of the immigration battle. Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong

means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires

multiple paths and multiple outcomes, including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in

the existing system.(分数:10.00)

(1).Birds of passage refers to those who(分数:2.00)

A.find permanent jobs overseas.

B.leave their home countries for good.

C.immigrate across the Atlantic.

D.stay in a foreign country temporarily. √

解析:解析:细节题。文章第一段即出现了birds of passage。第一段最后一句话为They even had anaffectionate nickname,“uccelli di passaggio,”birds of passage。此句中They指代前一句的About a quarter…for good,也就是指那些在移民地工作了一段时间又返回家乡的人们,因此D项“在外国短暂停留的人们”正确。A项“在海外找到了永久工作的人们”、B项“为了某种好处离开家乡的人们”、C项“跨越大西洋移居的人们”均与文章不符。

(2).It is implied in Paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the US(分数:2.00)

A.needs new immigrant categories.

B.has loosened control over immigrants.

C.should be adapted to meet challenges. √

D.has been fixed via political means.

解析:解析:推断题。第二段中提到了our broken immigration system(支离破碎的移民体系)和最后一句“然后我们可以开始解决移民的挑战”,可以知道美国当前的移民体系问题与挑战并存。然后根据文中两个We need to…We can recognize…then begin to solve our immigration challenges可知答案为C项“应适应新的挑战”。A项“需要新的移民种类”与原文相反,B项“放松了对移民的控制”原文未提及。D项“已经通过政治手段修复”,原文只是说在如何修复当前的移民体系这个问题上存在长期的政治瘫痪,可见还没有在政治上找到修复的办法。

(3).According to the author, todays birds of passage want(分数:2.00)

A.financial incentives.

B.a global recognition.

C.opportunities to get regular jobs.

D.the freedom to stay and leave. √

解析:解析:细节题。根据信号词定位到第三段,可知今天的“候鸟”跟随着工作、金钱、观念的潮流在全球各个地方迁徙。原文中的prefer与题干中的want构成同义复现.因此正确答案为D项“留下和离开的自由”。stay and leave 即是原文中的come and go。A项片面,吸引短暂移民者的不仅仅是金钱(financial

incentives),还有工作(work)和观念(idea)。B项“全球的认可”、C项“得到一般工作的机会”原文均未提及。.

(4).The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated(分数:2.00)

A.as faithful partners.

B.with legal tolerance. √

C.with economic favors.

D.as mighty rivals.

解析:解析:推断题。依据出题顺序,本题答案从第四、五段中寻找。本题可用排除法。第四段“…without committing themselves to staying forever”可见他们不必是faithful(忠诚的),排除A项。“We need

them to feel that home can be both here and there”可见不是把他们看作rivals(对手),排除D项。第五段提到我们应该适应这个新的移民世界,管理移民需要多种手段并产生多种结果,即我们对待新移民要包容,而不是简单地排斥或是把他们仅看作经济上的参与者,因此排除C项,选B项。

(5).The most appropriate title for this text would be(分数:2.00)

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0411129383.html,e and Go: Big Mistake

B.Living and Thriving: Great Risk

C.Legal or Illegal: Big Mistake √

D.With or without: Great Risk

解析:解析:主旨题。文章第二段第二句中提到“我们把新移民分成两类:合法的和不合法的”,同时作者认为“我们需要超越合法与不合法的严格定义”.这说明从合法和不合法的角度对移民分类是错误的。整篇文章都是围绕这个中心展开,因此答案选C项。Big Mistake指的并非是移民留下或者离开,因此A项错误。B项和D项说的是Risk(风险),原文并未提及。

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