2019版一轮优化探究文数练习：第十一章 第一节 抽样方法 含解析

一、填空题

1．老师在班级50名学生中，依次抽取学号为5,10, 15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50的学生进行作业检查，这种抽样方法是________．

解析：因为抽取学号是以5为公差的等差数列，故采用的抽样方法应是系统抽样．答案：系统抽样

2．在100个零件中，有一级品20个，二级品30个，三级品50个，从中抽取20个作为样本．

①采用随机抽样法：抽签取出20个样本；

②采用系统抽样法：将零件编号为00,01，…，99，然后平均分组抽取20个样本；

③采用分层抽样法：从一级品，二级品，三级品中抽取20个样本．

下列说法：

(1)无论采用哪种方法，这100个零件中每一个被抽到的概率都相等；

(2)①②两种抽样方法，这100个零件中每一个被抽到的概率都相等，③并非如此；

(3)①③两种抽样方法，这100个零件中每一个被抽到的概率都相等，②并非如此；

(4)采用不同的抽样方法，这100个零件中每一个零件被抽到的概率是各不相同的．

其中正确的结论是________．

解析：上述三种方法均是可行的，每个个体被抽到的概率均等于20

100＝

1

5.

答案：(1)

3．某大学共有学生5 600人，其中专科生1 300人、本科生3 000人、研究生1 300人，现采用分层抽样的方法调查学生利用因特网查找学习资料的情况，抽取的样本为280人，则应在专科生、本科生与研究生这三类学生中分别抽取________．

解析：由分层抽样按比例抽取的特点得5 600

280＝

1 300

x＝

3 000

y＝

1 300

z，∴x＝z＝65，

y＝150，即应在专科生、本科生与研究生这三类学生中分别抽取65人，150人，65人．

答案：65人，150人，65人

4．某商场有四类食品，其中粮食类、植物油类、动物性食品类及果蔬类分别有40种、10种、30种、20种，现从中抽取一个容量为20的样本进行食品安全检测．若采用分层抽样的方法抽取样本，则抽取的植物油类与果蔬类食品种数之和是________．

解析：四类食品的每一种被抽到的概率为

20

40＋10＋30＋20＝

1 5，

∴植物油类和果蔬类食品被抽到的种数之和为(10＋20)×1

5＝6.

答案：6

5．高三(1)班共有56人，学号依次为1,2,3，…，56，现用系统抽样的办法抽取一个容量为4的样本．已知学号为6,34,48的同学在样本中，那么还有一个同学的学号应为________．

解析：抽取间隔为56

4＝14.

已抽取学号为6,34,48，故还有一个同学的学号应为20.

答案：20

6．某高中有三个年级，其中高一学生有600人，若采用分层抽样抽取一个容量为45的样本，已知高二年级抽取20人，高三年级抽取10人，则该高中学生的总人数为________．

解析：由题意，高一年级抽了45－20－10＝15(人)，

设总人数为n，则15

600＝

45

n，解得n＝1 800.

答案：1 800

7．(2013·高考湖南卷改编)某学校有男、女学生各500名．为了解男、女学生在学习兴趣与业余受好方面是否存在显著差异，拟从全体学生中抽取100名学生进行调查，则宜采用的抽样方法是________．

解析：由于被抽取的个体的属性具有明显差异，因此宜采用分层抽样法．

答案：分层抽样法

8．防疫站对学生进行身体健康调查，采用分层抽样法抽取．红星中学共有学生

1 600名，抽取一个容量为200的样本，已知女生比男生少抽了10人，则该校的女生有________人．

解析：设女生有x人，则男生有(1 600－x)人．

由题意知200

1 600×(1 600－x)＝

200

1 600×x＋10，

解得x＝760.

答案：760

二、解答题

9.为了考察某校的教学水平，将抽查这个学校高三年级的部分学生本年度的考试成绩.为了全面反映实际情况，采取以下三种方式进行抽查（已知该校高三年级共有20个

每个班内的学生已经按随机方式编好了学号，假定该校每班学生的人数相同）：①从高三年20个20名学生，考察他们的学习成绩；

②每个班抽取1人，共计20人20名学生的成绩；③把学生按成绩分成优秀、良好、普通三个级别，从其中共抽取100名学生进行考察（已知该校高三学生共1 000人，若按成绩分，其中优秀生共150人，良好生共600人，普通生共250人）.

根据上面的叙述，试回答下列问题：

（1）上面三种抽取方式的总体、个体、样本分别是什么？

每一种抽取方式抽取的样本中，样本容量分别是多少？

（2）上面三种抽取方式各自采用的是何种抽取样本的方法？

（3）试写出上面的第三种方式抽取样本的步骤.

解析：（1）这三种抽取方式的总体都是指该校高三全体学生本年度的考试成绩，个体都是指高三年级每个学生本年度的考试成绩.其中第一种抽取方式的样本为所抽取的20名学生本年度的考试成绩，样本容量为20；第二种抽取方式的样本为所抽取的20名学生本年度的考试成绩，样本容量为20；第三种抽取方式的样本为所抽取的100名学生本年度的考试成绩，样本容量为100.

（2）三种抽取方式中，第一种采用的是简单随机抽样法；

第二种采用的是系统抽样法和简单随机抽样法；

第三种采用的是分层抽样法和简单随机抽样法.

3）第三种方式抽样的步骤如下：

第一步，分层，因为若按成绩分，其中优秀生共150人，良好生共600人，普通生共250

人，所以在抽取样本时，应该把全体学生分成三个层次.

第二步，确定各个层次抽取的人数.因为样本容量与总体的个体数之比为：100∶1000=1∶10,所以在每个层次中抽取的个体数依次为即第三步，按层次分别抽取.在优秀生中用简单随机抽样法抽取15人；在良好生中用简单随机抽样法抽取60人；在普通生中用简单随机抽样法抽取25人.

10．某煤矿有采煤工人400人，运输工人302人，管理和服务人员250人，要从中抽取190人组成职工代表参加讨论奖金分配方案，试确定用何种方法抽取，三种类型的职工各抽多少？

解析：由于奖金分配涉及到各种人的利益不同，所以应采用分层抽样方法． 因为总体人数400＋302＋250＝952(人)．

952190＝5余2，应剔除2人．

而4005＝80(人)，302－25＝60(人)，2505＝50(人)，

所以，采煤工人、运输工人、管理和服务人员分别抽取80人、60人、50人．

2019年工作日历表12张带周数(记录工作日程)

周日一二三四五六 12345 元旦廿七廿八廿九小寒 1 6789101112初一初二初三初四初五初六初七 2 13141516171819初八初九初十十一十二十三十四 3 20212223242526大寒十六十七十八十九二十廿一 4 2728293031 廿二廿三廿四廿五廿六 5

周日一二三四五六 12 廿七廿八 5 3456789 廿九除夕春节初二初三初四初五 6 10111213141516初六初七初八初九情人节十一十二 7 17181920212223十三十四元宵节十六十七十八十九 8 2425262728 二十廿一廿二廿三廿四 9

周日一二三四五六3112 廿五廿五廿六 9 3456789 廿七廿八廿九惊蛰初一龙头节初三 10 10111213141516初四初五植树节初七初八初九初十 11 17181920212223十一十二十三十四春分十六十七 12 24252627282930十八十九二十廿一廿二廿三廿四 13

周日一二三四五六123456 廿六廿七廿八廿九清明初二 14 78910111213初三初四初五初六初七初八初九 15 14151617181920初十十一十二十三十四十五谷雨 16 21222324252627十七十八十九二十廿一廿二廿三 17 282930 廿四廿五廿六 18

周日一二三四五六 1234 廿七廿八廿九青年节 18 567891011初一立夏初三初四初五初六初七 19 12131415161718母亲节初九初十十一十二十三十四 20 19202122232425十五十六小满十八十九二十廿一 21 262728293031 廿二廿三廿四廿五廿六廿七 22

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课时作业 1．(RJ必修1·P202题改编)安全是顺利进行实验的保障，下列实验处理或方法符合实验安全要求的是() A．尾气(主要含氯气)用澄清石灰水吸收 B．氢气和氯气混合光照制氯化氢 C．导管口点燃一氧化碳时要先验纯 D．将鼻子贴近集气瓶口直接闻气体气味 答案：C 2．(2017·甘肃河西联考)下列有关试剂的保存方法正确的是() ①NaOH固体保存在配有橡胶塞的细口瓶中 ②Na2CO3溶液通常保存在配有橡胶塞的细口瓶中③液溴通常用水封保存④锂保存在煤油中⑤浓硝酸通常保存在棕色细口瓶中 A．①③⑤B．②③⑤ C．②④⑤D．①③④ 答案：B 3．下列说法或做法正确的是() A．试管可以做液体或溶液反应的实验，不能做固体反应的实验 B．用蒸发皿小心蒸发碳酸氢钙溶液，最终得到碳酸氢钙晶体 C．做氯气与钠反应的实验时，可用玻璃燃烧匙或在普通燃烧匙中铺一层细沙 D．熔融氢氧化钠固体，可用陶瓷坩埚 解析：试管可以做固体反应的实验，如加热KClO3和MnO2的混合物制取O2；Ca(HCO3)2在溶液中受热会分解生成CaCO3；熔融的NaOH与陶瓷中的SiO2发生反应，所以不可用陶瓷坩埚熔融NaOH固体。 答案：C 4．在做化学实验时必须注意安全操作，下列实验操作或事故处理正确的是() ①在点燃易燃气体前，必须检验气体的纯度②浓硫酸对皮肤有腐蚀性，如不慎溅到皮肤上，用较多的水冲洗，再涂上稀硼酸溶液③给试管中的液体加热时，液体体积不超过试管容积的1/3④点燃添满酒精的酒精灯⑤用10 mL量筒量取8.55 mL蒸馏水 A．仅①B．仅①② C．仅①③D．全部 答案：C 5．下列操作中错误之处最多的是()

2019版一轮优化探究英语练习：必修五 Unit 13 People含答案

课时作业(十七)题型组合练——练速度 (阅读理解＋阅读七选五＋语法填空)限时：35分钟 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A My dearest son and daughter， The story of New Jersey high school student Rachel Canning suing her parents for child support and high school education inspired me to write you a little letter.Let me just put this out there：the only way I expect to see you in a court is as a lawyer or a judge. There are two things about this case that seem to be disaster. First，it's natural for parents and children to argue.I can guarantee that we will disagree.One or both of you will，at some point，scream at the top of your voice the various ways you hate me.And I won't always like you，either.But I will always love you and do everything I can to keep your best interests as my focus，even when I'm so angry.We are family.That means we are as much a part of one another as the flesh，blood and bones in our body.And we all should think about it very deeply instead of breaking that bond. Second，to be honest，no matter how far apart we are on your life choices，your father and I will most certainly pay everything we can for your higher education.But that doesn't mean you deserve it.To be clear，that is a privilege we happily extend(给予) to you—not a right you are born with.And you will have to work hard to earn that privilege.Growing up is hard work. If I do my job properly as your mother—and you do yours as my children—you would sooner get a job or two，and find a way to make your dreams come true rather than go to trial over what you think you are entitled to. Love always， Mom [语篇解读]本文为一篇应用文。本文是一位妈妈写给她孩子的信。作者告诉孩子：一方面她很爱他们，会尽全力照顾他们；另一方面，家长支付孩子教育费用并非理所当然，还需孩子自己努力获得。 1．The mother writes this letter because she wants her children to________. A．be prepared for education B．learn a lesson from the case C．take up the legal profession D．remember Rachel Canning 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“The story of New Jersey high school student Rachel Canning suing her parents for child support and high school education inspired me to write you a little

2019版一轮优化探究英语练习：必修一 Unit 2 Heroes含答案

课时作业(三)题型组合练——练速度 (阅读理解＋阅读七选五＋语法填空)限时：35分钟 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A If your kitchen is home to just one type of cooking oil，you are missing out.As well as their unique tastes，different oils have different properties.Here's a summary of cooking techniques and which widely available oil suits each best： FOR GRILLING，BROWNING，AND DEEP-FRYING Almond(杏仁) oil is a member of the healthy monounsaturated (单一不饱和的) fat group, along with olive and macadamia nut oil.It has a high smoke point (450 ℃)，so it can be used for all kinds of cooking and add that all-important extra nutty flavor.Store in a cool dry place. FOR BAKING AND STIR-FRYING Macadamia nut oil gives any dish a rich buttery flavor and is full of antioxidants(抗氧化剂) and monounsaturated fats.It can tolerate up to 230 ℃ and will last up to three years if stored in a dry，cool place. FOR LIGHT COOKING，SAUCES，AND LOW-HEAT BAKING Sesame (芝麻) oil is often described as the queen of oils and is widely used as a cooking oil in India and a flavor enhancer in Chinese and Southeast Asian cuisine.Unlike some cooking oils，sesame oil is delicate and will spoil after only a few months.Always store in the refrigerator. FOR COLD SALAD DRESSINGS，DIPS AND MARINADES Extra virgin olive oil is one of the world's healthiest foods and loaded with flavor，which will vary depending on where the olives are grown.If stored in a dark bottle away from light and heat，extra virgin olive oil can last up to 12 months. [语篇解读]本文为一篇说明文。主要介绍了几种常见的烹饪方法及与之相匹配的食用油。1．What is the best title of the passage? A．Which oil is your choice? B．How to buy oil? C．How to cook? D．Which cooking technique is the best? 解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段最后两句可知本文的主题是，不同的烹饪方式需使用不同的食用油，故答案为A项。 答案：A 2．According to the passage，which two require the same storing condition? A．Almond oil and macadamia nut oil.

【人教版】2019版高考英语一轮优化探究同步练习精编全集(含答案)

Ⅰ.阅读理解 A After the earthquake had stopped，when the rescuers reached the ruins of a young woman's house，they saw her dead body through the cracks.But her pose was somehow strange that she knelt on her knees like a person was worshiping(做礼拜)；her body was leaning forward，and her two hands were supported by an object.The collapsed house had crashed her back and her head. With so many difficulties，the leader of the rescue team put his hand through a narrow gap on the wall to reach the woman's body.He was hoping that this woman could be still alive.However，the cold and stiff body told him that she had passed away for sure. He and the rest of the team left this house and were going to search the next collapsed building.For some reasons，the team leader was driven by compelling force to go back to the ruined house of the dead woman.Again，he knelt down and used his hand through the narrow cracks to search the little space under the dead body.Suddenly，he screamed with excitement，“A child！There is a child！” The whole team worked together; carefully they removed the piles of ruined objects around the dead woman.There was a 3-month-old little boy wrapped in a flowery blanket under his mother's dead body.Obviously，the woman had made a sacrifice for saving her son.When her house was falling，she used her body to make a cover to protect her son.The little boy was still sleeping peacefully when the team leader picked him up. The medical doctor came quickly to exam the little boy.After he opened the blanket，he saw a cell phone.There was a text message on the screen.It said，“If you can survive，you must remember that I love you.”This cell phone was passing around from one hand to another.Everybody that read the message wept.“If you can survive，you must remember that I love you.”Such is the mother's love for her child! [语篇解读]本文为一篇记叙文。作者讲述了一个感人的真实故事。在地震中一位普通而又伟大的母亲在危难时刻为自己的孩子开辟了一条生命通道，她把死留给了自己，把生留给了自己的孩子。 1．Why did the leader of the rescue team decide to leave the house? A．He didn't notice the woman. B．He knew the woman was dead. C．He left to ask for help. D．The gap was too narrow for his hand to get through.

2019优化探究人教版区域地理第一篇第二章 地图同步测试语文

课时作业 [用图训练] 读下面三幅图，完成下列各题。 (1)在甲图中，判别地物方向：张庄在河西村的________方向，在东山的________方向。 (2)在乙图中： ①比例尺用数字表示为________。 ②图中有一辆拖拉机沿公路从A处出发穿过B地到达C处，拖拉机行驶的方向是先向________方向，然后向________方向行驶。 ③图中小河中箭头表示的河水流向为________。 (3)观察丙图，判断地理方向。 ①B在C的________方向；C在A的________方向；D在A的________方向。 ②如果你站在北极点，那么你的四周是________方向。 (4)通过以上练习，得出不同地图的方向辨别方法。 ①一般地图：______________________________________________________________。 ②指向标地图：____________________________________________________________。 ③经纬网地图：____________________________________________________________。 答案：(1)正西西北 (2)①1∶80 000②正南东南③自东向西 (3)①正西正南东南②正南 (4)①上北下南，左西右东②依据指向标的指向，面北而立，左西右东③经线指示南北方，纬线指示东西方 [演练广场] 一、选择题 1．在图幅大小相同、比例尺不同的两幅地图中，同一个城市可分别用点状和面状两种符号表示。据下图判断，下列说法正确的是(不定项)() A．甲图的比例尺比乙图大 B．甲图反映的区域范围比乙图小 C．甲图中的S市城区面积比乙图大 D．甲、乙两图中的铁路长度相等 解析：本题考查地图三要素的相关知识。甲、乙两图中同一城市面积在甲图中大，图上距离与实地距离的比值大，即比例尺大，A项正确；甲图反映的区域范围比乙图小，B项正确。 答案：AB

2019版一轮优化探究英语练习：必修三 Unit 2 Language 含答案

单独成册对应学生用书第215页 Ⅰ.单项填空(建议用时8′) 1．At the end of the historic area，Wilmington displayed its ________ as a working port city: large warehouses and a few other dated office buildings. A．achievement B．reputation C．character D．standard 解析：句意为：在这片历史地域的尽头，威灵顿市曾扮演了一个港口城市的角色：到处是大型的仓库和其他一些陈旧的办公楼。achievement成就；reputation名声；character性格，字体，角色；standard标准。根据句意可知选C项。 答案：C 2．—In this day and age，women can have children and jobs as well. —I can’t agree more.It’s great to have the two ________. A．linked B．related C．connected D．combined 解析：句意为：——在现在这个时代，女人可以养育小孩，也可以工作。——我非常同意。这两者结合真是太好了。link连接，联系；relate使互相关联；connect连接；combine 结合，合并。“养小孩”和“工作”是结合进行的，故选D项。 答案：D 3．I had forgotten about it because I had been so ________ with other things. A．absorbed B．occupied C．supplied D．devoted 解析：句意为：我把这事给忘了，因为我一直忙着别的事情。“be occupied with＋名词”

2019版一轮优化探究英语练习：必修二 Unit 5 Rhythm含答案

课时作业(七)题型组合练——练速度 (阅读理解＋阅读七选五＋语法填空)限时：35分钟 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A All over the world mothers and fathers teach their children manners.Other children may have manners that are not like yours.There are all kinds of manners. Many years ago，children who had good manners were seen and not heard.They kept quite quiet if grown-ups were talking.Today，well-mannered children have more freedom. Sometimes good manners in one place are bad manners in other places.Suppose you are a visitor in the land of Mongolia.Some friends ask you to eat with them.What kind of manners do they want you to have？They want you to give a loud “burp(打嗝)” after you finish eating.Burping would show that you like your food.In some countries，if you give a loud burp，you are told to say “Excuse me，please.”In many places people like to eat together.But in some parts of Polynesia，it is bad manners to be seen eating at all.People show good manners by turning their backs on others while they eat.What are manners like in an East African town? The people try not to see you.They are being polite.You may see a friend.He may not see you at all.If you are polite，you will sit down beside him.You will wait until he finishes what he is doing.Then he will talk to you.Suppose you visit a friend in Arabia.You should walk behind the other tents until you come to his tent.If you pass in front of the other tents，you will be asked into each one.The people will ask you to eat with them.And it is bad manners if you say no. Manners are different all over the world.But it is good to know that all manners begin in the same way.People need ways to show that they want to be friends. [语篇解读]本文主要介绍了世界上一些地方的礼仪。 1．How did polite children behave? A．By looking into adults' eyes while talking. B．By keeping silent while adults were talking. C．By slipping into the house without being heard. D．By not opening their mouths until spoken to. 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句“They kept quite quiet if grown-ups were talking.”可知，过去，在大人们说话时，儿童保持沉默是一种礼貌的行为。 答案：B 2．Which custom should we follow in order to look well-mannered? A．Saying “Excuse me” on burping in Mongolia. B．Inviting guests to dinner together in Polynesia.

2019版一轮优化探究英语(新人教版版)练习：必修三 Unit 9 Wheels Word版含答案

模块达标检测(三) 限时：100分钟 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Goodreads recommends the following books you want to read for the event to come. 1．The Lyrics：1961—2012 By Bob Dylan Simon & Schuster，$60 What it's about: This heavy，well-timed publication contains lyrics by the songwriter who just won the Nobel Prize in Literature，from his first album，Bob Dylan，through Tempest. What's to love: The times may be changing，but Dylan's fans are a constant，traditional devotees who will want this epic collection for their shelves，to sit beside those beloved old large papers. 2．Taylor S w ift：This Is Our Song By Tyler Conroy Simon & Schuster，$28 What it's about：An elegant fanzine celebrating all things about Taylor Swift，especially the pop star's countless fans. What's to love：Mom and/or Dad，the fan of Taylor Swift，will think you're pretty cool if he or she discovers this temple to Taylor under the Christmas tree (even if it is a book)． 3．Misty Copeland By Gregg Delman Rizzoli，$39.95 What it's about：Star-figure female ballet dancer Misty Copeland strikes a pose(95，to be exact) in photos taken between 2011 and 2014 ，in the casual setting of dance studios. What's to love: Since becoming the first African American woman to be named a principal dancer with the American Ballet Theatre，Copeland has become a cultural phenomenon，and Delman's arresting pictures capture (捕捉) her muscular power and elegance. 4．@ NatGeo: The Most Popular Instagram Photos By National Geographic National Geographic，$19.95 What it's about: National Geographic's popular Instagram account (nearly 63 million followers) comes to book form in this title filled with eye-popping images from around the world. What's to love：Here's proof that NatGeo's talented photographers have conquered social media while maintaining the usual quality of their work.And for fans of more traditional coffee-table-size