定语从句
定语从句
Part I 语法讲析
以下是定语从句的讲解部分，通过本部分的讲解和练习你能了解定语从句中的关系代词
和关系副词的应用及相关语法规则。
I. 什么是定语从句
●阅读下列句子，找出哪几句是定语从句。_________
A. I don’t understand the way in which you solved this problem.
B. I don’t understand how you solved this problem.
C. A box office is a place at which tickets are bought or reserved.
D. A box office is where tickets are bought or reserved.
E. This is the thing which I want to tell you.
F. This is what I want to tell you.
G. What he said in the meeting was kept secret.
●总结：
定义：定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句。被定语从句修饰的词叫__________，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的词之后。因此，通常绝大部分定语从句被视为一个句子与一个名词的关系。在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。关系词有_________和_________两种。
例句：He is the boy who often goes to school late.
观察以上例句，我们可以看出关系词在定语从句中有三大作用:
1. 连接作用——连接先行词和定语从句。
2. 替代作用——在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。
3. 成分作用——在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。
II. 关系代词和关系副词的用法。
理解与应用：以下练习是为测查你对上述语法规则的讲解所准备。请各位同学按照题目要求作答。
1. 单项选择。
1) (2004湖南卷) I work in a business _________ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.
A. how
B. which
C. where
D. that
2) (2004天津卷) Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _________, of course, made the others envy him.
A. who
B. that
C. what
D. which
3) (2005上海) If a shop has chairs _________ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.
A. that
B. which
C. when
D. where
4) (2006北京卷) Women _________ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _________ don’t.
A. who; 不填
B.不填；who
C. who; who
D. 不填；不填
5) (2010 全国卷I) As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _________ is named after his grandfather.
A. which
B. where
C. what
D. that
6) The knee is the joint _________ the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg.
A. when
B. where
C. which
D. that
7) The Friendship Store _________ is being rebuilt stands _________ the two main roads meet.
A. /; where
B. where; where
C. which; where
D. which; which
8) Can you think of some cases _________ drivers obviously knew the traffic rules but didn’t obey them?
A. why
B. as
C. which
D. where
9) I was shocked _________ his appearance, _________ was very ugly.
A. with; that
B. at; that
C. at; which
D. with; which
10) You shouldn’t look down upon Tom. He has his advantage _________ you are weak, he is strong.
A. what
B. where
C. when
D. how
2. 请用适当的关系词填空。请尽可能写出所有正确答案。(用“不填”表示零关系代词)
1) Remember that the best relationship is one _________ your love for each other is greater than your need for each other.
2) Rockall is a deserted island _________ lies northwest of mainland Scotland.
3) Solar cars are cars _________ use the sun’s energy for power.
4) A dictionary is a book _________ gives the meaning of words.
5) The machine _________ I have to use in my job cost over a million pounds.
6) The diary _________ Ron kept when he was in prison was sold for $50,000.
7) Most of the forests _________ once covered our country have now been destroyed.
8) The path was made by walkers _________ crossed the lawn everyday.
9) We shall never forget the days _________ we lived together.
10) After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town _________ he grew up as a child.
3. 用which, that, who等关系词引导的定语从句改写如下句子。
1) What was the name of the man? He lent you some money.
____________________________________________________________
2) Anyone must enter before next Wednesday. He wants to do the exam.
____________________________________________________________
3) I don’t like stories. The stories have unhappy endings.
____________________________________________________________
4) The car has broken down. You rented it yesterday.
____________________________________________________________
5) The police has caught the man. He broke into Tom’s house.
____________________________________________________________
4. 完成句子。
1) Alexander Bell was the man ________________________ (发明电话的人).
2) The present ___________________________ is still unopened. (她生日那天我送她的)
3) Carol said the work would be done by October, _____________________. (我对此十分怀疑。)
4) The film brought the hours to me ______________________ in that far away village.
(当时我得到很好的照顾)
5) We are living in an age ______________________ (我们生活在一个很多事情需要用电脑来做的时代).
6) My mother was so ______________________ (为我所做的一切感到骄傲) that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing.
7) 李明戴着一副眼镜，是一个聪明、善良、自信、热情的孩子。
____________________________________________________________________
8) 那个女孩的作品受到了很高的评价，她的绘画得了一等奖。
____________________________________________________________________
9) 莎士比亚，出身贫寒，没有接受多少教育，写出了世界闻名的戏剧和诗歌。
____________________________________________________________________
10) 这个年轻人骗了他朋友很多钱，这真可耻。
____________________________________________________________________
III. 关系词使用的注意事项
引导定语从句的关系词的选用比较复杂。除了牵涉到所指的先行词是人还是物，所引导的定语从句是限制性的还是非限制性的，以及关系词在从句中充当什么句子成份外，还要根据习惯用法而定。
注意：根据定语从句在句中所起的作用，可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两大类。
A. 限制性定语从句：
限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。书写时不用逗号与先行词分开。例如：This is the boy who broke the window.
B. 非限制性定语从句：
非限制性定语从句在意义上只是一个附加修饰语，对先行词或主句作些附加的说明。如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。书写时往往用逗号与先行词分开。
例如：Last year I visited the People’s Great Hall, where many important meetings are held every year.
IV. 定语从句特殊情况：
注意：介词+关系代词引导的定语从句中，应注意介词的正确选择。参考如下几个原则：
1) 根据从句中谓语动词和介词的搭配关系选择。
2) 根据关系词与前面先行词的搭配关系选择。
3) 根据所要表达的句意来确定。
理解与应用：以下练习是为测查你对上述语法规则的讲解所准备。请各位同学按照题目要求作答。
1. 单项选择。
1) (2006 天津卷) The Beatles, ________ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.
A. what
B. that
C. how
D. as
2) (2005天津卷) Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ________ effects the people are still suffering.
A. that
B. whose
C. those
D. what
3) (1999上海卷) ________ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior schools is increasing.
A. Which
B. As
C. That
D. It
4) (2004辽宁卷) The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% ________ are sold abroad.
A. of which
B. which of
C. of them
D. of that
5) (2004上海卷) American women usually identify their best friend as someone ________ they can talk frequently.
A. who
B. as
C. about which
D. with whom
6) (2006福建卷) Look out! Don’t get too close to the house ________ roof is under repair.
A. what
B. which
C. of which
D. whose
7) The number 2008 is a special number, ________ I think, will be remembered by the Chinese forever.
A. which
B. what
C. one
D. it
8) ________ Miss Liu teaches English is quite different from Miss Zhao’s.
A. The way
B. In the way that
C. In the way
D. The way which
9) On the third floor there are two rooms, ________ is used as a meeting-room.
A. the largest one of which
B. the larger of which
C. and a larger of them
D. the larger one of them
10) It was the cholera epidemic ________ spread almost throughout Haiti after the earthquake ________ promoted the production of the vaccine.
A. which…that
B. that…whi ch
C. what…that
D. that…what
2. 请用适当的关系词填空。(用“不填”表示零关系代词)
1) ________ we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.
2) Tom is such a strange boy ________ no one can understand.
3) I saw some trees ________ leaves were black because of the polluted air.
4) Two men, neither of ________ I had ever seen before, came into my office.
5) It might snow this weekend, in ________ case the plane we won’t drive to Beijing.
6) He doesn’t see things the way ________ we see them.
7) Fortunately we had a map, ________________ we would have got lost.
8) One ________ has nothing to fear for himself dares to tell the truth.
9) I am sorry to tell you that there was little ________ we could do to help her.
10) I know a place ________ is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.
3. 用相应的关系词将下列句子改为定语从句。
1) They rushed over to help the man. His car had crashed into a tree. (用whose改写)
____________________________________________________________
2) They rushed over to help the man. His car had crashed into a tree. (用of whom改写)
____________________________________________________________
3) Please pass me the book. Its cover is green. (用of which改写)
____________________________________________________________
4) Last week, only two people came to look at the house. Neither of them wanted to buy it.
____________________________________________________________
5) We were given a lot of information. Most of the information was useless.
____________________________________________________________
4. 完成句子。
1) I have sent her two letters, ______________________________ (她一封也没收到)
2) London was once the largest city in the world, _________________________ (现在它的人口比以前减少了)
3) She is no longer the sweet girl __________________. (她再也不是过去那个甜美的女孩了。)
4) The boy and his dog _________________________ in the wood were rescued this morning. (据报道在森林里
迷路的孩子与狗)
5). McDonald’s, the world’s largest fast-food company, has about 30,000 restaurants around the globe, ___________________________________. (其中460家门店在中国大陆)
6). The English Corner is the place ___________________________________. (人们经常去练习口语的地方)
7). Galileo made a telescope ___________________________. (通过它他得以研究太空)
8) His wife got seriously ill, ________________he had to ______________________ going abroad. (在这种
情况下，他不得不放弃出国的机会。)
9) She was awarded a gold medal, _______________________________. (她的全家认为这是一个巨大的荣耀)
10) Don’t make the same mistake _______________________. (你不要再犯与上次同样的错误)
Part II过关检测
过关检测(1)
以下练习是关于本章语法项目的过关性检测，请根据不同题目的要求答题。总分100分，80分算通过。
I. 单项选择。(每题1分，共20分)
1. (2013浙江卷) The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform ________ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.
A. what
B. where
C. when
D. why
2. (2013 重庆卷) John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of ________ are family members.
A. them
B. that
C. which
D. whom
3. (2013 陕西卷) ________ is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
A. It
B. That
C. What
D. As
4. (2013四川卷) Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment ________ they live.
A. what
B. which
C. when
D. where
5.(2013山东卷) Finally he reached a lonely island ________ was completely cut off from the outside world.
A. when
B. where
C. which
D. whom
6.(2013辽宁卷) He may win the competition, ________ he is likely to get into the national team.
A. in which case
B. in that case
C. in what case
D. in whose case
7. (2012江西卷) By16:30, _________ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.
A. which
B. when
C. what
D. that
8. (2012福建卷) The air quality in the city, ________ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.
A. that
B. it
C. as
D. what
9. (2012湖南卷) Care of the soul is a gradual process ________ even the small details of life should be considered.
A. what
B. in what
C. which
D. in which
10. (2011全国卷I) The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination.
A. that
B. which
C. whose
D. what
11. (2011全国卷II) Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ________ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.
A. this
B. that
C. what
D. which
12. (2011北京卷) Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, ________, of course, makes all the others upset.
A. who
B. which
C. what
D. that
13. (2011上海卷) You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ________ you can hire to reach your host family.
A. which
B. where
C. when
D. as
14. (2010 天津卷) ---- Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?
---- You should try the barber’s ________ I go. It’s only 15.
A. as
B. which
C. where
D. that
15. (2010 北京卷) Children who are not active or ________ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
A. what
B. whose
C. which
D. that
16. (2010 山东卷) That’s the new machine ________ parts are too small to be seen.
A. that
B. which
C. whose
D. what
17. (2010 陕西卷) The old temple ________ roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair.
A. where
B. which
C. its
D. whose
18. (2009全国卷II) My friend showed me round the town, ________ was very kind of him.
A. which
B. that
C. where
D. it
19. (2009山东卷) Whenever I met her, ________ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.
A. who
B. which
C. when
D. that
20. (2009辽宁卷) They’ve won their las t three matches, ________ I find a bit surprising
A. that
B. when
C. what
D. which
II. 请用适当的关系词填空。用“不填”表示零关系代词。(每题2分，共20分)
1. Since 1995, ________ people call the Year of the Internet, the world has turned flat thanks to the network.
2. Water is the natural medium ________ ________ fish live.
3. The library ________ ________ we often borrow books is very large.
4. Physics is the subject in our school ________ ________ every student is interested.
5. The National Education Department says that school safety has set off alarm bells with frequent reports of serious accidents ________ ________ students got injured or killed.
6. Have you ever been in a situation ________ you know the other person is right yet you can not agree with him?
7. Every day we have to face new challenges and problems. Actually, stress isn’t such a bad thing ________ is often supposed to be.
8. In Australia, surfing is a popular sport among young people ________ they can seek excitement and adventure.
9. The school has 2600 students, two thirds ________ ________ are girls.
10.Water is a liquid, the freezing point ________ ________ is 0’C.
III. 仔细阅读如下句子，请将有误的地方做出修改。(每题3分，共30分)
1. I’m using the pen which he bought it yesterday.
2. Is that factory which your father once worked in?
3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada.
4. July 1, 1999 is the day when we’ll never forget.
5. I still remember the holidays I stayed with them.
6. I’m going to work in the place where needs me.
7. Those that haven’t been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate.
8. I don’t like the way which you talked to your friend.
9. This is the last time when I’ve given you lessons.
10. Soon they came to a farm house, and in front of which sat a small boy.
IV. 根据要求完成句子。(每题3分，共30分)
1. Sheila is away from home a lot. Her job involves a lot of traveling. (合为一句)
2. Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland. My brother lives there. (合为一句)
3. A lot of people applied for the advertised job. Few of them had the necessary qualifications. (合为一句)
4. He worked as a volunteer helping foreigners in need of translation service at the airport. The airport was completed last year (合为一句)
5. There was a strike at the car factory. It lasted ten days. It is now over. (合为一句)
6. As a teacher, she has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ________________________________ (这种氛围能让学生自由交谈).
7. The school shop, _______________________ (顾客主要是学生), is closed for the holidays.
8. He climbed up to the top of a large rock, ________________________. (从那里他看到美丽的景色)
9. The sun, ________________________ (它给我们光和热), is a fixed star.
10. Can you imagine a proper situation _________________________ (你能设想一个使用这个词语的情境吗?)
过关检测(2)
以下练习是关于本章语法项目的过关性检测，请根据不同题目的要求答题。总分100分，80分算通过。
I. 单项选择。(每题1分，共20分)
1. (2013 上海卷) An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area ________ interact with one
another.
A. that
B. where
C. who
D. what
2. (2013 山东卷)There is no simple answer, ________ is often the case in science.
A. as
B. that
C. when
D. where
3. (2013 江西卷) He wrote a letter ________ he explained what had happened in the accident.
A. what
B. which
C. where
D. how
4. (2013江苏卷) The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, ________ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.
A. where
B. which
C. what
D. when
5. (2013湖南卷) Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths.
A. whom
B. who
C. what
D. which
6. (2013 福建卷) The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ________ lives were affected.
A. whose
B. that
C. who
D. which
7. (2012江苏卷) After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, ________ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.
A. which
B. who
C. where
D. what
8. (2012山东卷) Maria has written two novels, both of ________ have been made into television series.
A. them
B. that
C. which
D. what
9. (2012北京卷) When deeply absorbed in work, ________ he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. when
10. (2011 山东卷) The old town has narrow streets and small houses ________ are built close to each other.
A. they
B. where
C. what
D. that
11. (2011江西卷) She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction ________ had taken more than three years.
A. for which
B. with which
C. of which
D. to which
12 (2011江苏卷) Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, ________ the audience can buy ice-cream.
A. when
B. where
C. that
D. which
13 (2011安徽卷) Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, ________ it will keep for two or three weeks.
A. when
B. which
C. where
D. while
14. (2010江苏卷) The newly built café, the walls of ________ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.
A. that
B. it
C. what
D. which
15. (2010 江西卷) The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training center with her sister ________ she would stay for an hour.
A. where
B. who
C. which
D. what
16. (2010 福建卷) Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet ________ life has developed gradually.
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. whose
17. (2010 浙江卷) The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of ________ left their village homes for
a better life in the city.
A. whom
B. which
C. them
D. those
18. (2009福建卷) It’s helpful to put children in a situation ________ they can see themselves differently.
A. that
B. when
C. which
D. where
19. (2009浙江卷) I have reached a point in my life ________ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.
A. which
B. where
C. how
D. why
20. (2009湖南卷) I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city ________ name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.
A. which
B. of which
C. that
D. whose
II. 请用适当的关系词填空。用“不填”表示零关系代词。(每题2分，共20分)
1. Give me a piece of paper ______ ______ I can write the phone number.
2. By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, ______ ______ appeared a rare rainbow soon.
3. Tom Hain, ______ ______ novel the TV series is based, will appear in the first episode.
4. The dragonfly is an insect ______ ______ we know little.
5. Allowing the weapons to be sold is an action ______ ______ the government should be ashamed.
6. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each ________ ________ uses it somewhat differently.
7. I might fail the test, in _______ case I would probably re-sit it next year.
8. The danger of driving is something _______ worries me each time I travel.
9. The person _______ we selected to represent us on the committee has had to resign due to illness.
10. A small amount of money was all ________ was taken in the robbery.
III. 仔细阅读如下句子，请将有误的地方做出修改。(每题3分，共30分)
1. They explained the reason to us which they had hated us before.
2. Colin told me about his new job, that he’s enjoying very much.
3. Those at the box office want to buy tickets write down your names.
4. That was the reason because she looked so upset.
5. Miss Chen is the only one of the few teachers who give us wonderful English lessons in our school.
6. Taiwan, that we know, belongs to China.
7. We stayed at the hotel where Ann recommended to us.
8. The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou.
9. Which is known to all, many satellite are going around in the space.
10. The students and things which you spoke of are known to us.
IV. 根据要求完成句子。(每题3分，共30分)
1. The wedding took place last Friday. Only members of the family were invited to it. (合为一句)
2. My favorite season is spring. The earth seems born again in spring. (合为一句)
3. Mr. Carter is very interested in our plan. I spoke to him on the phone last night. (合为一句)
4. These drugs have been withdrawn from sale. They are used to treat stomach ulcer. (合为一句)
5. The next Olympics are in four years. By then my father will be 54. (合为一句)
6. This is the first composition __________________________. (他用英语写的)
7. __________________________________________. (这是我看过的最好的一部电影。)
8. He is the only man ____________________________. (在地震中幸免遇难的人。)
9. _____________________ will surely visit the Great Wall near Beijing. (来中国的人)
10. A mere hundred species are the basis of our food supply, _____________________________. (其中只有20种承担着供应人类食物的重担。)
定语从句选择题练习
定语从句选择题练习 一、定语从句 1．The movie ____ I have seen twice is The Wandering Earth. A．who B．which C．where D．when 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意：我看过两次的电影是《流浪地球》。A. who谁，指人的引导词；B. which哪一个，指物的引导词；C. where哪里，指地点；D. when什么时间，指时间。本题考查定语从句。先行词是The movie，因此引导词用which。故选B。 2．The teenagers like the musician ____ different kinds of music. A．who play B．which plays C．who plays D．that play 【答案】C 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】 试题分析：句意：青少年喜欢演奏不同种类音乐的音乐家。The musician是先行词，后面跟的是它的定语从句。先行词musician指人，用who、that引出定语从句，Ｂ错；关系词在定语从句中作主语，定语从句的谓语与先行词保持一致。musician是单数，谓语用单数：plays。故选C。 3． The dog _______ played with you just now is _______. A．which; mine B．which; my C．what; mine D．what; my 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 句意：刚才和你一起玩的那条狗是我的。 Which哪一个；what什么；mine名词性物主代词，我的；my形容词性物主代词，我的。形容词性物主代词在句只用作定语；名词性物主代词则不能用作定语，但可以用作主语、宾语、表语、连用of作定语。先行词dog在定语从句中作主语可用关系代词which代替。所以选A。 4．We have decided to sell five things ________ we no longer use. A．that B．where C．who
where引导的定语从句修饰抽象名词
where引导的定语从句修饰抽象名词。 一、where定语从句修饰抽象名词point You reach a point where medicine can’t help. 你已到了药物无法治疗的地步。 The crisis has reached a point where the receiver will have to be called in. 危机已达到非把破产管理人叫来不可的地步。 We have reached a point where a change is needed. 我们到了必须改一改的地步。 注：有时point也可以是具体的地点： Let the point where AB cuts CD be called E. 设AB线与CD线的相交点为E。 The accident happened at the point where the A15 joins the M1. 事故发生在A15与M1交叉的十字路口。 二、where定语从句修饰抽象名词case There are cases where the word “mighty” is used as an adverb. 在一些情况下，mighty一词可用作副词。 Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 今天，我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的问题。 三、where定语从句修饰抽象名词activity Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing. 那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员们认为，舞蹈是一种让人看胜过让人听的活动。 四、where定语从句修饰抽象名词situation He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong. 他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。 If you risk something important, you cause it to be in a dangerous situation where you might lose it. 你如果拿重要的东西去冒险，那你就是将它置于一种可能会失去它的危险境地。 五、where定语从句修饰抽象名词position It’s put me in a position where I can’t afford to take the job. 这使我陷入一种不能接受此工作的境地。 六、where定语从句修饰抽象名词job
which引导的定语从句
关于which引导从句的小结： 关系代词which 一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语，既可引导限制性定语从句，又可引导非限制性定语从句。 1. 引导限制性定语从句 A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best. [ stock存货] 商店应存有最畅销的货物。 This is the family which is planning to move to the city 这是要搬进城里的一家。 2. 引导非限制性定语从句。 （1 ）用来指代一个句子。 Internet is so interesting, which makes all possible happen. 因特网是如此有趣，它使任何事都有可能发生。 （2 ）用来指代句子的一部分。 When deep in thought, which he often was, he would forget all around him. 他常常陷入沉思，这时他就会忘掉周围的一切。 （3 ）如果要引导两个非限制性定语从句，第二个which 前要加and. He bought a book, which was written by LuXun, and which he decided to give to his friend. 他买了本鲁迅写的书，他决定送给朋友。
练习1. [1. board董事会 2. data资料,数据 3. shareholder 【英】股东 4. on behalf of代表 5. guard保护] The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders. which的先行词是谁？ 译文：保护客户资料的能力是市场价值的关键，董事会代表股东对市场价值负有责任。 【难点小结：1.介词短语 2.which 的先行词 3. 非限制性定语从句有时要翻译成一句话】 例2. 【1.semiconductor半导体 2. casualty伤亡，灭亡，覆灭 3.< A sit at the heart of B> A是B的核心】
定语从句选择题
语法拓展训练单项填空 1. ______ is known to the world, China’s Liu Xiang became the first Asian in history to win the men’s 110m hurdles at the Olympic Games. A. That B. Which C. As D. It 2. Living in the Central American desert has its problems, ______ obtaining water is not the least. A. of which B. for what C. as D. whose 3. I don’t know the reason ______ you were absent from the meeting, but I am sure that someone will tell me the reason ______ you haven’t told me. A. why; that B. that; why C. because; which D. of which; that 4. When she came back from abroad, Lucy told us about the cities and the people ______ she had visited. A. that B. who C. where D. which 5. Because of the traffic jam ______ I was caught, I was late for the meeting. A. by which B. in which C. that D. where 6. There are three things ______ make Sydney famous, its beautiful harbor, the Sydney Harbor Bridge and the Sydney Opera House. A. what B. that C. when D. where 7. There is a teapot shaped like a Chinese duck, out of ______ mouth tea is supposed to come. A. which B. that C. its D. whose 8. The soldiers had to sleep in their wet clothes, ______ most uncomfortable.
where引导定语从句的用法
Where引导定语从句,先行词不一定都表 示地点 1、We will discuss a number of cases __ beginners of English fail to use the language preperly、A、which B、as C、why D、where 2、He was driving so fast as to get himself into a dangerous situation ___he is likely to lose the control over his car、 A、which B、as C、why D、where 两道题都选where ,但就是case, situation都不就是地点,如何理解？ 在“先行词不就是表示地点的名词”的前提下,如何判断就是否使用关系副词where来引导定语从句的问题就是一个高频考点。就就是说,关系副词where 所指代的先行词不只就是表示地点的名词。
用Where引导定语从句,先行词不一定都表示地点按照通常的理解,当where 引导定语从句时,它的先行词就就是表示地点的名词,但事实并不就是我们想象的那么简单。很多情况下,where所指代的先行词并不表示地点。请瞧以下几个例句: Other research, where siblings have been asked to say who their mother and father favor, suggests that mothers do tend to show a preference for their first-born son, but fathers often show great affection for their youngest daughters、 1、Remember that the best relationship is one where your love for each other is greater than your need for each other、请记住,最深的感情关系表现为彼此间的爱超过彼此间的需要。
(完整word版)英语定语从句用法详解
英语定语从句用法详解 在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的有关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that等和关系副词where, when, why等，关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。 1.由who引导的定语从句中，who用作主语，如：This is the boy who often helps me. 2.由whom引导的定语从句中，whom用作宾语，如：The man whom you are waiting for has gone home. 3.由whose引导的定语从句中，whose用作定语，如：Do you know the girl whose skirt is white? 4.由which引导的定语从句中，which用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语，如： The room in which there is a machine is a work shop. The river which is in front of my house is very clean. This is the pen which you want. 注意： (1)whom, which用作介词宾语时，介词可放在whom、which之前，也可放在从句原来的位置上；但在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。如：He is the very person whom we must take good care of. (2)引导非限制性定语从句时，必须用关系代词which，不用that,如：I have lost my bag, which I like very much. (3)关系代词在句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。 5.由that引导的定语从句中，that可以指人或物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语，如： The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun. 注意在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句。 (1)先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等，如： All that we have to do is to practise English. (2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，如 The first letter that I got from him will be kept. (3)先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰，如 I've eaten up all the food that you gave me. (4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时如 He is the only person that I want to talk with. (5)先行词既有人又有物时，如: They talked about persons and things that they met. (6)当句中已有who时，为避免重复，如：Who is the man that is giving us the class? 6.由when, where, why引导的定语从句，如: I don't know the reason why he was late. This is the place where we have lived for 5 years. I'll never forget the day when I met Mr Li for the first time. 注意：先行词是表示地点时，如果从句的谓语动词是及物的，就用that(which)，如果从句的谓语动词是不及物的，就用where引导。This is the house Which /that he has lived in for 15 years.(Where he has lived for 15 year.)
定语从句练习
一、请分析一下定语从句：( 请划出定语从句，并标出先行词) 1. Check the ways you study for an English test. 2. Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar. 3. You couldn’t understand people who talked fast. 4. I have some ideas that may help. 5. They said something you didn’t like. 6. Can you think of any problems you have had recently? 8. He would always take pride in everything good I do. 9. My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school. 10.What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey? 12.If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me. 13.Standing very close to the person you are talking with is quite common in some countries. 14.If you know someone you know doing this, you can ask them. 15.All I ever wanted to do was traveling. 二、用关系代词填空：that 、which 、who、 whom 、whose 1.This is the man ________ wants to see you. 2.The student ___________ answered the question is Zhang Hua. 3.The man __________ you went to see has come. 4.The man ___________I met yesterday lent me some money. 5.The woman _______________ you saw is our geography teacher. 6.The runner ________________ you are asking about is over there. 7.The person ______________ you should write to is Mr. Ball. 8.The man ___________was passing by saw what happened. 9.Here is the pen _________ you lost the day before yesterday. 10.These books _____________ you lent me were very useful. 11.The storybook ____________ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten. 12.A clock is a machine ______ tells people the time. 13.This is shirt _______________I bought yesterday. 14.A dictionary is a book _____________ gives the meaning to the word. 15.The book____________is on the table is mine. 16.The film ____________ they are talking about is very interesting. 17.I will never forget the people and the places _____I have ever visited. 18.Is there anyone ____________ family is in Beijing? 19.Show me the boy ______________ mother is a well-known singer. 20.The boy______ father is a teacher is good at English. 三、单项选择 ( ) 1. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady____ comes from Beijing. A. who B. which C. whom D. whose ( ) 2. What’s the name of the program________. A. which are listening B. you are listening to C. to that you are listening D. that you are listening ( ) 3. The students were all interested ____ you told them yesterday. A. in which B. in that this C. all that D. in everything ( ) 4. He was the only person in his office______ was invited.
非限制性定语从句的引导词
、先行词指人,在句中作主语who: John,who is only five,has an inborn talent for music. (约翰是一外5岁大的孩子,有着天生的音乐才能。) 2、先行词指人,在句中作宾语whom: His wife,whom you met at my home,was a teacher. (他的妻子，就是你在我家遇见的那个，是一位老师。) 3、先行词指物,在句中作主语或宾语which: Her house,which was built a hundred years ago,stood still in the earthquake.(那座房子在地震中依然耸立，它是一百多年前建造的。) 注意：无论先行词指人或者指物,在句中作主语或者作宾语，非限制性定语从句的引导词都不能用that。 4、先行词在句中作定语，无论指人或者指物,引导词都用whose: The girl,whose name is Kate,is the top of the students in our school.(那个女孩是我们学校最优秀的学生，她的名字叫Kate。) The book,whose cover is red,is mine.(封面是红色的那本书是我的。) 5、先行词指物，在句中作时间状语用when： The sports meeting will be put off till next month,when we will have made all the preparations.(运动会将被推迟到下个月，那时我们做好一切准备。) 6、The next day we arrived in New York,where we were inerviewed on the radio.（第二天我们到达纽约，在那里我们接受了电台的采访。） 7、如果先行词作介词的宾语，先行词指人，介词提前的结构是：介词＋whom；先行词指物，介词提前的结构是：介词＋which: President Wilson,with whom he had not the same intimate relations,is treated much less sympathetically.(威尔逊总统与他没有同样的亲密关系，所以就没有被很同情地对待。) The Second World War,in which millions of people were killed,ended in 1945.(第二次世界大战造成数百万人的死亡，于1945年结束。) 8、as也可以引导定语从句，常与such连用： Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.(象你所描绘的那种人现在已经很少见了。) Let's disscuss only such questions as concern us.(让我们只讨论那些和我们有关的问题吧。) 注意：the same that+从句，意思是：正是那一个人或物；the same as+从句，意思是：就像某个人或物： He is the same man that you are looking for.(他就是你要找的那个人。) He is the same man as you met in the street.(他很象你昨天在街上遇见的那个人。实际上并不是那个人。) This is the same pen that I lost yesterday.(这就是我昨天丢失的那支笔。) This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.(这很像昨天我丢失的那支笔。)
定语从句(完整版)
定语从句 定语从句及相关术语 1.定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, whi ch, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。 注：关系代词有主语.宾语之分。一般whom作为宾语。 4.定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。主要由形容词担任。此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任．单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。 （一）限定性定语从句 一、关系代词（在句中作主语、宾语或定语） 1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语也可以省略。[eg：this is the book （which）you want。]而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置 2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢 3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括当先行词是anyt hing, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, muc h等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略还有先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或最高级时.以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有which时,都只能用that 4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语 5. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与of which 调换,表达的意思一样。 二、关系副词（在句中作状语） 关系副词=介词+关系代词 why=for which where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配) when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配) 1. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句。 2. when引导定语从句表示时间［注］值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导。 By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remembe r the first time I met her. Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessiti es, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc。
which引导的定语从句的用法
which引导的定语从句的用法 WHICH可以引导定语从句，修饰表示事物的先行词，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或者表语。例如：HEWASREADINGABOOK， WHICHWASABOUTWAR.他正在读一本关于战争的书。（关系代词WHICH在修饰BOOK的定语从句中充当主语。） HEWASREADINGABOOK，WHICHHEHADBOUGHTFROMLONDON.他正在读一本书，这本书是从伦敦买回来的。（关系代词WHICH在修饰BOOK的定语从句中充当宾语。） WHICH引导非限定性定语从句时有一个特殊用法，即它所引导的非限定性定语从句修饰主句中更多的部分甚至整个主句（这时被定语从句所修饰的“先行词”要作广义理解），WHICH仍在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。例如：HESETFREETHEBIRDSHAPPILY， WHICHWASACELEBRATIONFORHISSUCCESS.他开心地把鸟放了，这是对他成功的一种庆祝。 把非限定性定语从句“WHICHWASACELEBRATIONFORHISSUCCESS”的先行词视为主句中的“THEBIRDS”显然不符合整句的语境，被 “WHICHWASACELEBRATIONFORHISSUCCESS”所修饰的是整个主句，WHICH所引导的这类特殊的非限定性定语从句对主句所叙述的情况进行某种意义的补充说明，WHICH常可译为“这一点，这件事”。 ［考题1］ YOUCANFINDWHATEVERYOUNEEDATTHESHOPPINGCENTRE， ____ISALWAYSBUSYATTHEWEEKEND.（2006上海春） A.THAT B.WHERE C.WHAT D.WHICH ［答案］D
(完整版)高中英语定语从句讲解及练习
高中英语定语从句讲解及练习 定语从句是高中重点知识，也是高考常考点，大家也不容易掌握，这篇文章主要教你关系代词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句判断关系代词与关系副词限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容，有例题讲解定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose （of which）cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语） 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构，因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用。例如： There are occasions when （on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why （for which）he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和\"介+which\"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如： His father died the year （that / when / in which）he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 判断改错： （错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对）This is the mountain village （which）I visited last year. （对）I'll never forget the days （which）I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关
when 和 where 引导定语从句的用法
when 和 where 引导定语从句的用法 定语从句既是英语语法的一个重点，同时又是一个难点。说它是难点，主要难在两点上：一点是如何正确判断什么样的汉语句子要译为英语的带定语从句的复合句；另一点是定语从句的引导词较多(包括关系代词who, that, which, as 和关系副词when, where, why)，而且其用法也较复杂。那么到底什么情况下用when和where来引导定语从句呢？它们又该怎么用呢？下面就举例说明： 一、when：当主句中的先行词(即主句中被后面定语从句修饰的词)是表示时间意义的名词时，它只能作定语从句的时间状语，放在定语从句句首。如果定语从句的引导词是作该定语从句的主语或宾语，则要改用关系代词that或which来引导。例如： The days when we used foreign oil are gone. 我们用洋油的日子一去不复返了。 I'll never forget the day when I was born. (=I'll never forget my birthday.) 我永远不会忘记我出生的日子。 It happened in November when the weather was wet and cold. 这事发生在天气又湿又冷的十一月。 In the years that (which) followed, Marx kept on studying English and using it. 在这之后的几年中，马克思继续学习和使用英语。(that作定语从句"that followed"的主语) The day (that) I always remember in all my life is my birthday. 我一生中最难忘的日子是我的生日。(that作定语从句"that I always remember in all my life"的宾语，that可以省略)
高中定语从句练习题及答案详解
高中定语从句练习题 1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _______? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _______last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D . where they stayed 4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _______. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen ______he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A. who B. who's C. which D. whose 14.I'm interested in ______you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English, ______we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much. A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him 19.I don't like ______ as you read. A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels