组织行为学 英语习题 (4)
Chapter 1 What Is Organizational Behavior?
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Successful managers and entrepreneurs recognize that:
a. technical knowledge is all that is needed for success.
b. interpersonal skills are not important.
c. technical skills are necessary, but insufficient, for succeeding in management.
d. an understanding of human behavior does not impact effectiveness
(c; Challenging; pp. 2-3)
What Managers Do
2. Which one of the following is not considered an organization?
a. church
b. university
c. a military unit
d. all 45-year-old adults in a community
(d; Easy; p. 4)
3. A(n) _____ is a consciously coordinated social unit, composed of two or more people, that functions
on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals.
a. organization
b. unit
c. team
d. ethnic group
(a; Moderate; p. 4)
4. The four management functions include all of the following except:
a. controlling.
b. planning.
c. staffing.
d. organizing.
(c; Moderate; p. 4)
5. _____ includes defining an o rganization’s goals and establishing an overall strategy for achieving
these goals and developing a comprehensive hierarchy of plans to integrate and coordinate activities.
a. Controlling
b. Planning
c. Leading
d. Coordinating
(b; Moderate; p. 4)
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6. The determination of how tasks are to be grouped is part of which management function?
a. planning
b. leading
c. controlling
d. organizing
(d; Easy; p. 4)
7. The organizing function includes a determination of which of the following?
a.what tasks are to be done
b.who is to do these tasks
c.who reports to whom
d.all of the above
(d; Moderate; p. 4)
8. Every organization contains people, and it is management’s job to direct and coordinate these people.
This is the ______ function.
a.planning
b.leading
c.controlling
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0511998927.html,anizing
(b; Moderate; p.4)
9. According to Henry Mintzberg, the ten managerial roles can be grouped into three categories. Which
of the following is not one of these groups?
a. concern with the interpersonal relationships
b. the transfer of information
c. decision making
d. liaison roles
(d; Challenging; Exh. 1-1; p. 6. )
10. An example of Mintzberg’s interpersonal management role is:
a. spokesperson.
b. leader.
c. negotiator.
d. monitor.
(b; Moderate; Exh. 1-1; p. 6)
11. When a manager searches the organization and its environment for opportunities and initiates projects
to bring about change, the manager is acting in which role?
a. negotiator
b. entrepreneur
c. disturbance handler
d. resource allocator
(b; Challenging; Exh. 1-1; p. 6)
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12. Which of the following is not an essential management skill identified by Robert Katz?
a.technical
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0511998927.html,puter
c.human
d.conceptual
(b; Moderate; p. 5)
13. When managers have the mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations, they possess:
a.technical skills.
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0511998927.html,puter skills.
c.human skills.
d.conceptual skills.
(d; Challenging; pp. 6-7 )
14. Which one of the following would not be considered a human skill?
a. completing accounting reports
b. communicating
c. resolving conflicts
d. working as part of a team
(a; Moderate; pp 5-6)
15. According to Luthans and his associates, which of the following is not considered a part of traditional
management?
a. interacting with outsiders
b. decision making
c. controlling
d. planning
(a; Moderate; p. 7)
16. Which of Luthan’s managerial activities involves socializing, politicking, and interacting with
outsiders?
a.traditional management
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0511998927.html,munication
c.human resource management
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0511998927.html,working
(d; Challenging; p. 7 )
17. According to Luthans, successful managers spent more of their time on _____ than on any other
activity.
a.traditional management
b.human resource management
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0511998927.html,working
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0511998927.html,municating
(c; Challenging; p. 8)
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18. A common thread running through the functions, roles, skills, and activities approaches to
management recognizes the importance of:
a.managing technology.
b.managing people.
c.politicking.
d.being efficient.
(b; Moderate; p. 8)
Enter Organizational Behavior
19. Organizational behavior is all of the following except:
a. a field of study.
b. an applied field.
c. an intuitive analysis of human behavior.
d. studying what people do in an organization.
(c; Moderate; p. 8)
20. ______ is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on
behavior within organizations for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization’s effectiveness.
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0511998927.html,anizational development
b.Management
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0511998927.html,anizational behavior
d.People management
(c; Easy; p. 8)
21. Which of the following is not a core topic of organizational behavior?
a.motivation
b.attitude development
c.conflict
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0511998927.html,puters
(d; Easy; p. 8 )
22. According to the text, the best approach for obtaining knowledge about human behavior is
a. the common sense approach.
b. an observational approach.
c. a systematic approach.
d. a theoretical approach.
(c; Easy; p. 10)
23. A major theme in your textbook is that behavior is not:
a. caused.
b. random.
c. consistent.
d. predictabl
e.
(b; Easy; p. 9)
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24. If we know how a person perceives a situation and what is important to him/her, then behavior is
generally
a. predictable.
b. predetermined.
c. uncontrollable.
d. controllabl
e.
(a; Moderate; p. 9)
25. Fundamental consistencies allow _____ of behavior.
a. observation
b. systematizing
c. research
d. predictability
(d; Moderate; pp. 9-10)
26. Behavior is generally _____ and the _____ of behavior is a means to making reasonably accurate
predictions.
a. predetermined; observation
b. predictable; systematic study
c. controllable; theoretical application
d. uncontrollable; systematic study
(b; Moderate; p. 10)
27. _____ includes analyzing relationships, determining causes and effects, and basing conclusions on
scientific evidence.
a. Organizational behavior
b. The observational approach to understanding organizational behavior
c. A theoretical approach to organizational behavior
d. A systematic study of organizational behavior
(d; Moderate; p. 10)
28. In the study of OB, intuition is replaced by:
a. systematic study.
b. generalization.
c. listening.
d. prediction.
(a; Easy; p. 10)
Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field
29. Organizational behavior is built upon contributions from all of the following disciplines except:
a. humanities.
b. psychology.
c. anthropology.
d. political scienc
e.
(a; Moderate; p. 11)
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30. The science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other
animals is:
a. psychiatry.
b. psychology.
c. sociology.
d. political scienc
e.
(b; Moderate; p. 12)
31. Which behavioral science discipline has made the most significant contribution to understanding
individual behavior?
a. sociology
b. social psychology
c. psychology
d. anthropology
(c; Moderate; p. 12)
32. The OB topic of motivation has been most influenced by which behavioral science discipline?
a. psychology
b. social psychology
c. sociology
d. political science
(a; Moderate; p. 12)
33. The most significant contribution to OB in the area of formal organization theory and structure has
been made by:
a. psychology.
b. sociology.
c. anthropology.
d. political scienc
e.
(b; Moderate; p. 12)
34. _____ studies people in relation to their fellow human beings.
a.Psychology
b.Sociology
c.Anthropology
d.Political science
(b; Moderate; p. 12)
35. The science that focuses on the influence of people on one another is:
a. psychology.
b. anthropology.
c. political science.
d. social psychology.
(d; Moderate; p. 12)
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36. One of the major areas receiving considerable investigation from social psychologists has been:
a.change.
b.motivation.
c.job satisfaction.
d.job stress.
(a; Challenging; p. 12 )
37. The OB subject of “organizational culture” has been most influenced by which behavioral science
discipline?
a. anthropology
b. psychology
c. social psychology
d. political science
(a; Moderate; p. 12)
38. _____ has helped us understand differences in fundamental values, attitudes, and behavior between
people in different countries.
a.Anthropology
b.Psychology
c.Social psychology
d.Political science
(a; Challenging; p. 12)
39. Topics of study in political science include all of the following except:
a. structuring of conflict.
b. the social system in which individuals fill their roles.
c. allocation of power.
d. how people manipulate power for individual self interest.
(b; Challenging; p. 12)
There are Few Absolutes in OB
40. Which of the following is the best description of OB’s current state?
a. It is based on universal truths.
b. It is based on contingencies.
c. There is little disagreement among OB researchers and scholars.
d. Cause-effect principles have been isolated which tend to apply to all situations.
(b; Moderate; p. 13)
Challenges and Opportunities for OB
41. Whereas _____ focuses on differences between people from different countries, _____ addresses
differences among people within given countries.
a. workforce diversity; globalization
b. globalization; workforce diversity
c. culture; diversity
d. culturization; workforce diversity
(b; Challenging; pp. 14-15)
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42. ______ means that organizations are becoming more heterogeneous in terms of gender, race, and
ethnicity.
a.Globalization
b.Workforce diversity
c.Affirmative action
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0511998927.html,anizational culture
(b; Easy; p. 15)
43. The ________ assumption is being replaced by one that recognizes and values _____.
a.melting pot; differences
b.melting pot; similarities
c.diversity; differences
d.heterogeneous; similarities
(a; Moderate; p. 15)
44. Which of the following is not true?
a. Currently, 46 percent of the U.S. labor force are women.
b. Minorities and immigrants make up 23 percent of the workforce.
c. The male Caucasian working full time to support a non-employed wife and school-aged children is
a minority.
d. The proportion of minorities and women is shrinking.
(d; Challenging; p. 15)
45. The implications of workforce diversity include all of the following except:
a.managers have to shift their philosophy from treating everyone alike to recognizing differences.
b.diversity training should be provided.
c. revamping benefit programs is needed to accommodate the different needs of different
employees.
d.the same perceptions are used in decision making.
(d; Challenging; p. 15)
46. _____ is a philosophy of management that is driven by the constant attainment of customer
satisfaction through the continuous improvement of all organizational processes.
a. MBO
b. Quality management
c. Reengineering
d. Organizational behavior
(b; Easy; p. 16)
47. Quality management requires _____ employee involvement.
a. very little
b. occasional
c. extensive
d. no
(c; Moderate; p. 16)
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48. _____ asks managers to reconsider how work would be done and their organization structured if
they were starting over.
a. Process reengineering
b. MBO
c. TQM
d. Diversity training
(a; Easy; p. 16)
49. Predictions suggest there will be a labor shortage for at least another:
a.1-2 years.
b.4-5 years.
c.10-15 years.
d.20-25 years.
(c; Moderate; p.17)
50. The U.S. labor shortage is a function of:
a.birth rates and labor participation rates.
b.birth rates and mobility.
c.brain drain.
d.poor wages and benefits.
(a; Moderate; p. 17)
51. Many employees have been led to retire early as a result of:
a.expanded Social Security benefits.
b. a healthy stock market.
c.improved pension plans.
d.all of the above
(d; Challenging; p. 17)
52. The majority of employees today in developed countries work in:
a.manufacturing jobs.
b.service jobs.
c.MNCs.
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0511998927.html,ernment agencies.
(b; Moderate; p. 18)
53. When managers put employees in charge of what they do, they are _____ the employees.
a.reengineering
b.empowering
c.diversifying
d.dehiring
(b; Moderate; p. 19)
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54. Managing today can be described as long periods of ongoing _____ interrupted occasionally by short
periods of _____.
a.change; stability
b.stability; change
c.flexibility; rigidity
d.rigidity; flexibility
(a; Moderate; p. 19)
55. Which of the following has not contributed to blu rring the lines between employees’ work life and
personal life?
a.the creation of global organizations
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0511998927.html,munications technology allowing employees to work any time and from any place
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0511998927.html,anizations asking employees to put in longer hours
d.fewer dual-income couples
(d; Easy; p. 20)
56. Situations where an individual is required to define right and wrong conduct are termed:
a. diversity issues.
b. human resource problems.
c. ethical dilemmas.
d. loyalty oaths.
(c; Easy; p. 21)
Coming Attractions: Developing an OB Model
57. A model is a(an):
a. abstraction of reality.
b. response that is affected by an independent variable.
c. independent variable.
d. real-world scenario.
(a; Easy; p. 22)
58. Primary dependent variables in OB include:
a. productivity.
b. absenteeism.
c. job satisfaction.
d. all of the above
(d; Easy; p. 23)
59. _____ is achievement of goals.
a. Efficiency
b. Effectiveness
c. Productivity
d. Motivation
(b; Easy; p. 23)
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60. Which of the following is an example of being an efficient company or employee?
a. operating a hospital at the lowest possible cost but still yielding a high profit
b. being the most pleasant real estate broker in the southeast
c. as a telemarketer, making the required number of calls at the end of the day
d. a sales person who acquires the most clients of anyone in the company
(a; Challenging; p. 23)
61. Sears trained employees to improve the employee-customer interaction to ultimately:
a.generate additional revenue.
b.decrease returns.
c.improve repeat customer business.
d.none of the above
(a; Moderate; p. 23)
62. _____ is discretionary behavior that is not part of an employee’s formal job requirement, but that
promotes the effective functioning of the organization.
a.Productivity
b.Motivation
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0511998927.html,anizational citizenship
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0511998927.html,anizational behavior
(c; Moderate; p. 25)
63. Individual-level independent variables include:
a. technology.
b. organizational culture.
c. perception.
d. human resource policy.
(c; Moderate; pp. 25-26)
64.________ is the voluntary and involuntary permanent withdrawal from an organization.
a.Absenteeism
b.Turnover
c.Downsizing
d.Exit
(b; Easy; p. 24)
TRUE/FALSE
65. The single biggest reason for the failure of managers is poor interpersonal skills.
(True; Easy; p. 3)
66. While managers must be technically competent, technical knowledge is not enough for success. (True; Moderate; p. 3)
What Managers Do
67. Managers get things done through other people.
(True; Easy; p. 4)
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68. The term organization, as used in your textbook, is meant to include business firms but exclude
government agencies.
(False; Easy; p. 4)
69. Managers may be referred to as administrators in not-for-profit organizations.
(True; Moderate; p. 4)
70. Henri Fayol listed five management functions: planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and
controlling.
(True; Moderate; p. 4)
71. Modern theorists have condensed Fayol’s five management functions down to four: planning,
organizing, commanding, and controlling.
(False; Moderate; p. 4)
72. The controlling function includes the determination of what tasks are to be done.
(False; Moderate; p. 4)
73. Monitoring, comparing, and potential correcting is what is meant by the controlling process. (True; Moderate; p. 4)
74. Mintzberg concluded that managers perform ten different highly-interrelated roles, or sets of
behaviors, attributable to their jobs.
(True; Challenging; p. 5)
75. The role of spokesperson is an example of an informational role.
(True; Easy; p. 5)
76. As resource allocators, managers are responsible for allocating human, physical, and monetary
resources.
(True; Moderate; Exh. 1-1; p. 6)
77. When managers initiate and oversee new projects that will improve their organization’s performance,
they are acting in the capacity of an entrepreneur, an example of an informational role.
(False; Moderate; Exh. 1-1; p. 6)
78. Robert Katz has identified three essential management skills: technical, human, and conceptual. (True; Moderate; pp. 5-6)
79. According to Katz, human skills encompass the ability to apply specialized knowledge or expertise. (False; Moderate; pp. 5-6)
80. The ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations is referred to as an individual’s conceptual
skills.
(True; Easy; pp. 6-7)
81. According to Luthans and his associates, those managers who are most “successful” will spend more
time networking than those managers who are considered most “effective.”
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(True; Challenging; Exh. 1-2; p. 7)
82. Research conducted by Luthans supports the theory that promotions are based on performance. (False; Moderate; p. 7)
83. Luthans’ research indicates that among effective managers, communication made the largest relative
contribution and networking the least.
(True; Challenging; Exh. 1-2; pp. 7-8)
84. Managers need to develop their people skills if they are going to be effective and successful. (True; Moderate; p. 8)
Enter Organizational Behavior
85. Organizational behavior is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and
structure have on behavior within organizations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization’s effectiveness.
(True; Moderate; p. 8)
86. Organizational behavior is concerned with the study of what people do in an organization and
how that behavior affects the performance of the organization.
(True; Moderate; p. 8)
87. Behavior is generally predictable, and the systematic study of behavior is a means to making
reasonably accurate predictions.
(True; Moderate; p. 10)
88. Many people’s views on human behavior are based on intuition.
(True; Easy; pp. 9-10)
89. It is the consistencies in behavior that make prediction possible.
(True; Moderate; p. 9)
90. Regardless of appearances, people usually intend their behavior to be rational.
(True; Moderate; p. 9)
91. Anything you learn in an unsystematic way is incorrect.
(False; Moderate; p. 10)
92. Intuition is gut feelings about “why I do what I do.”
(True; Easy; p. 10)
Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field
93. OB is an applied behavioral science that is built upon contributions from a number of behavioral
disciplines.
(True; Easy; p. 11)
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94. Learning, perception, and personality have been OB topics whose contributions have generally come
from psychology.
(True; Moderate; Exh. 1-3; p. 11)
95. What psychology is to the individual, sociology is to the group.
(True; Moderate; p. 12)
96. Social psychology is an area within psychology, blending concepts from both psychology and
political science.
(False; Moderate; p.12)
97. Anthropology has helped us understand differences in values and attitudes between people in different
countries.
(True; Moderate; p. 12)
98. Conflict and power have been major topics of concern to political scientists.
(True; Easy; Exh. 1-3; p. 12)
There are Few Absolutes in OB
99. There are many simple and universal principles that explain organizational behavior.
(False; Easy; p. 13)
100. OB researchers cannot offers reasonably accurate explanations of human behavior since people act very differently in the same situation.
(False; Moderate; p. 13)
Challenges and Opportunities for OB
101. As the world has become a global village, managers have to become capable of working with people from different cultures.
(True; Moderate; p. 14)
102. Workforce diversity means that organizations are becoming more homogeneous in terms of gender, race, and ethnicity.
(False; Moderate; p. 15)
103. People must set aside their cultural values when they come to work.
(False; Moderate; p. 15)
104. 46 percent of the U.S. labor force are women.
(True; Challenging; p. 15)
105. Diversity, if positively managed, can increase creativity and innovation in organizations.
(True; Easy; p. 15)
106. A philosophy of management that is driven by the constant attainment of customer satisfaction through the continuous improvement of all organizational pro cesses is termed “reengineering.”(False; Moderate; p. 16)
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107. Quality management has an intense focus on the customer and a goal of employee empowerment. (True; Easy; p. 16)
108. Putting employees in charge of what they do is termed “reengineering.”
(False; Easy; p. 16)
109. Process reengineering asks, “How would we do things around here if we were starting over from scratch?”
(True; Easy; p. 16)
110. In tight labor markets, those managers who don’t understand human behavior risk having no one to manage.
(True; Moderate; p. 17)
111. An employee who is empowered is given greater opportunity to determine how she does her job. (True; Moderate; p. 19)
112. There’s a blurring between the roles of managers and workers.
(True; Moderate; p. 20)
113. Managing today is described as long periods of ongoing change, interrupted occasionally by short periods of stability.
(True; Moderate; p. 21)
114. Today’s managers and employees must learn to cope with temporariness –learning to live with flexibility, spontaneity, and unpredictability.
(True; Moderate; p. 19)
115. OB has little to offer in stimulating employee creativity and tolerance for change.
(False; Challenging; p. 20)
116. Your firm is experiencing lower than normal profits. You realize that you should write off some questionable accounts, but your supervisor suggests that you wait until next year. This is a modern example of an ethical dilemma.
(True; Easy; p. 21)
Coming Attractions: Developing an OB Model
117. There are three levels of analysis in OB, and, as we move from the individual level to the group level to the organization systems level, we add systematically to our understanding of behavior in organizations.
(True; Challenging; p.22)
118. The key factors you want to explain or predict in a model are termed independent variables. (False; Moderate; p. 23)
119. Typical dependent variables in organizational behavior are productivity, absenteeism, and job satisfaction.
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(True; Moderate; p. 23)
120. Organizational behavior models generally assume job satisfaction to be an independent variable. (False; Moderate; p. 23)
121. An organization is productive if it achieves its goals and does so by transferring inputs to outputs at the lowest cost.
(True; Moderate; p. 23)
122. The annual cost of absenteeism in the U.S. is estimated at over $40 billion.
(True; Challenging; p. 24)
123. A conservative estimate of the cost of recruiting, selecting, and training an employee is about $25,000. (False; Challenging; p. 24)
124. Reasonable levels of employee-initiated turnover facilitate organizational flexibility and employee independence.
(True; Challenging; p. 24)
125. The difference between the amount of rewards workers receive and the amount they believe they should receive is termed job satisfaction.
(True; Moderate; p. 25)
126. Job satisfaction represents an attitude rather than a behavior.
(True; Moderate; p. 25)
127. Independent group level variables studied in organizational behavior include perception, learning, and motivation.
(False; Moderate; p. 25)
SCENARIO-BASED QUESTIONS
Application of What Managers Do
Joseph Wood is a manager at the XYZ Company. He performs all the management functions as condensed from Henri Fayol’s work.
128.When Mr. Wood estimates an overall strategy for achieving his de partment’s goals, he is performing the _____ function.
a.planning
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0511998927.html,anizing
c.leading
d.controlling
(a; Moderate; p. 4)
129.When Mr. Wood determines what tasks are to be performed by his employees and how they are to
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be grouped, he is performing the ____ function.
a.planning
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0511998927.html,anizing
c.leading
d.controlling
(b; Moderate; p. 4)
130. When Mr. Wood motivates his employees and attempts to resolve conflicts among department members, he is performing the _____ function.
a.planning
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0511998927.html,anizing
c.leading
d.controlling
(c; Moderate; p. 4)
131. When Mr. Wood compares projected sales to actual sales in his department, he is performing the _____ function.
a.planning
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0511998927.html,anizing
c.leading
d.controlling
(d; Moderate; p. 4)
Application of Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field
You are bringing together faculty from different behavioral disciplines to author a new textbook in organizational behavior. You have faculty from the fields of psychology, sociology, social psychology, anthropology, and political science.
132. You should expect that the faculty member from _____ will probably contribute information about intergroup behavior.
a. sociology
b. psychology
c. social psychology
d. anthropology
(a; Challenging; p. 12)
133. Information on which of the following would probably not be a contribution from the faculty member from political science?
a. conflict
b. power
c. organizational change
d. intraorganizational politics
(c; Challenging; p. 12)
134. To whom would you expect to address issues of communication?
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a. the psychologist
b. the anthropologist
c. the political scientist
d. the social psychologist
(d; Challenging; p. 12)
135. You would expect the faculty member from _____ to furnish information about personality, learning, and motivation.
a. sociology
b. psychology
c. anthropology
d. political science
(b; Moderate; p. 12)
Application of Quality Management
You are an employee of Acme, Inc. who has just been approached by your manager with a new philosophy that management wishes to institute. Your manager is stressing that he wants your involvement and that the emphasis is going to be on the customer and continual improvement.
136. You would probably believe that management is trying to implement:
a. quality management.
b. MBO.
c. process reengineering.
d. organizational behavior.
(a; Moderate; p. 16)
137. As part of the program, you should expect to see all of the following except:
a. improvement in quality.
b. empowerment of employees.
c. emphasis on individual achievement.
d. accurate measurement.
(c; Moderate; p. 16)
138. You should expect your job to change in which of the following ways?
a. more imposed rules from management
b. more measurement of performance variables
c. more free time
d. less real employee power
(b; Moderate; p. 16)
Application of Developing an OB Model
Allison and Gail both are studying for a final exam. Both students have a goal of making a grade of 91 or better. Gail studied 6 hours and made a grade of 92. Allison studied for 9 hours and also made a grade of 92. 139. Which of the students was effective?
18
a. only Gail
b. only Allison
c. neither Gail nor Allison
d. both Gail and Allison
(d; Moderate; p. 23)
140. Which of the following statements is true?
a. Gail is more efficient than Allison.
b. Allison is more efficient than Gail.
c. Gail is more effective than Allison.
d. Allison is more effective than Gail.
(a; Moderate; p. 23)
141. Which of the students was more productive?
a. Gail
b. Allison
c. Neither Gail nor Allison was productive.
d. It is impossible to tell from the information given.
(a; Moderate; p. 23)
SHORT DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
142. Discuss the four management functions described by your text.
(Page 4)
The four management functions as condensed from Henri Fayol are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. The planning function encompasses defining an organization’s goals, establishing an overall strategy for achieving those goals, and developing a comprehensive hierarchy of plans to integrate and coordinate activities. Organizing includes the determination of what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and where decisions are to be made. The leading function involves motivating employees, directing activities of others, selecting the most effective communication channels, and resolving conflicts among members.
Controlling involves monitoring, comparing, and potential correcting to get the organization back on track.
143. Why is it important to replace intuition with systematic study in our attempts to understand behavior within organizations?
(Pages 8-10)
It is important to replace intuition with systematic study in our attempts to understand behavior within organizations to help uncover important facts and relationships. This will provide a base from which more accurate predictions of behavior can be made. That is, we can improve our predictive ability by replacing intuitive opinions with a more systematic approach. Systematic study looks at relationships, attempting to attribute causes and effects, and basing conclusions on scientific evidence.
This helps to explain and predict behavior.
144. How have the fields of psychology and sociology contributed to our understanding of organizational
19
behavior?
(Page 12)
Psychology seeks to measure, explain, and change the behavior of humans. Contributions have been made by learning theorists, personality theorists, counseling psychologists, and industrial and organizational psychologists. Contributions have been made in learning, perception, personality, emotions, training, leadership effectiveness, motivation, job satisfaction, decision-making processes, performance appraisals, attitude measurement, employee selection techniques, work design, and job stress. Sociology studies people in relation to their fellow human beings. The greatest contributions by sociologists have been in the study of group behavior in organizations, group dynamics, design of work teams, organizational culture, formal organization theory, organizational structure, organizational technology, communications, power, and conflict.
145. How does globalization affect a manager’s people skills?
(Page 14)
Globalization affects a manager’s people skills in at least two ways. First, managers are increasingly likely to find themselves in a foreign assignment. Once there, it will be necessary to manage a work force that is likely to be very different in needs, aspirations, and attitudes from the ones managed back home. Second, managers are going to find themselves working with bosses, peers, and other employees who were born and raised in different cultures. To work effectively with these people, managers will need to understand their culture, how it has shaped them, and how to adapt the management style to their differences.
146. Explain the term “workforce diversity.”
(Page 15)
Workforce diversity means that organizations are becoming more heterogeneous in terms of gender, race, and ethnicity. It also includes the physically disabled, gays and lesbians, and the elderly.
147. What is the difference between effectiveness and efficiency?
(Page 25)
Productivity implies a concern for both effectiveness and efficiency. A business firm is effective when it attains its sales or market share goals, but its productivity also depends on achieving those goals efficiently. Popular measures of organizational efficiency include return on investment, profit per dollar of sales, and output per hour.
148.Discuss the U.S. labor shortage.
(Page 17)
The U.S. labor shortage is a function of two factors – birth rates and labor participation rates. The problem becomes severe around 2006, when the major exodus of Boomers from the workplace begins. New entrants to the workforce from foreign countries will not do much to correct the supply shortage. While women provided a new supply of talented and skilled workers, this source has now been tapped. The combination of the smaller Gen-X population, the already high participation rate of
20
最新新标准大学英语综合教程4(unit1-6)课后答案及课文翻译
7 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese. If you ask me, real life is not all it’s cracked up to be. Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find? Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?), but mostly with money. It’s just so expensive out here! Everyone wants a slice off you. The Inland Revenue wants to deduct income tax, the bank manager wants repayments on my student loan, the landlord wants the rent, gas, water, electricity and my mobile bills keep coming in, and all that’s before I’ve had anything to eat. And then some bright spark calls me out of the blue, asking if I’m interested in buying a pension. At this rate, I won’t even last till the end of the year, let alone till I’m 60.（?翻译时可以根据上下文增译，即增加原文暗含了但没有直接表达出来的意思。如最后一句译文加了“领养老金”，点出了与上一句的关联。）依我看，现实生活与人们想象的不一样。我们上了12年的中、小学，又上了3年的大学，这期间老师们一直在没完没了地谈论在安宁的学生生活之外那个广阔天地里的各种机会，可我遇到的又是什么呢？ 无论我怎么想保持心情愉快，麻烦事总是接踵而来：有时是跟人争吵（尤其是跟男孩，天哪！他们什么时候才能长大？），但通常是为钱发愁。这个地方什么东西都很贵！人人都想从我身上拿点钱去：国税局要收个人所得税，银行经理要我偿清学生贷款，房东催我交房租、燃气费、水费、电费，手机账单也不断地寄来。所有这些还没算上吃饭的钱。更可气的是，不知从哪里冒出一个自作聪明的家伙冷不丁地给我打电话，问我要不要买养老金。照这样下去，我连今年都活不过去了，更别提活到60岁领养老金了。 6 Translate the paragraph into Chinese. Indubitably the vast majority of books overlap one another. Few indeed are those which give the impression of originality, either in style or in content. Rare are the unique books – less than 50, perhaps, out of the whole storehouse of literature. In one of his recent autobiographical novels, Blaise Cendrars points out that Rémy de Gourmont, because of his knowledge and awareness of this repetitive quality in books, was able to select and read all that is worthwhile in the entire realm of literature. Cendrars himself – who would suspect it? – is a prodigious reader. He reads most authors in their original tongue. Not only that, but when he likes an author he reads every last book the man has written, as well as his letters and all the books that have been written about him. In our day his case is almost unparalleled, I imagine. For, not only has he read widely and deeply, but he has himself written a great many books. All on the side, as it were. For, if he is anything, Cendrars, he is a man of action, an adventurer and explorer, a man who has known how to “waste” his time royally. He is, in a sense, the Julius Caesar of literature. （几处倒装句应灵活处理，以体现原文语气。every last book the man has written 等于all the books he has written。注意这段话的逻辑关系。If he is anything, he is a man of…一句中的if 从句起强调作用，说明他不是一个书生或思想家，而是一个行动家。此处需灵活翻译。） 不容置疑的是，大多数书都互相重复，在文体或内容上让人感到具有独创性的书实在是少之又少。在整个文学库藏中，或许只有极少数作品——不到50本——是独具一格的。在最近出版的一部自传体小说中，布莱斯·桑德拉尔指出，雷米·德·古尔蒙之所以能够选择并通读文学领域中一切值得读的书籍，就是因为他知识渊博，了解书的这种重复性。没有人会怀疑桑德拉尔本人就是一个博览群书的人，他阅读了大部分独具个性的作家的作品。不仅如此，一旦他喜欢上一个作家，就会阅读这个人写的每一本书，包括他的书信以及所有有关他的书籍。我猜想，在当
(完整版)本科新标准大学英语-视听说4-完整答案大放送
New Standard English Book 4 Unit 1 Inside view Conversation 1 2.Janet : go back to China,do my master’s (which means going back to university),live in London,become a teacher,work in publishing,apply for a job at London Time Off,update my CV and look for jobs together. Andy: leave London,go to China,look for jobs together. 3.the true statements are 2 and 8. Conversation 2 5. 1.Joe was a gofer before he became a researcher for Lift Off UK. 2.Andy wants Joe’s jo b as a producer. 6. 1(d) 2(d) 3(a) 4(c) 7. 1 It’s not always very easy working with 2.How did he end up in London 3.the least experienced person 4.He’s good at his job 5.He’s confident and very competent 6.I get on with him quite well Everyday English 8. 1(b) 2(b) 3(a) 4(a) 5(b) Outside view 2. the true statements Samantha agrees with are:1,2,3 and 4. 4. 1.She needs to improve her interview techniques to help her to get a job 2.She doesn’t know how to answer the questions and give answers that might lead her failure in a job interview. 3.She doesn’t understand what the interviewer is actually looking for. 4.That you need to be well prepared for an interview. It boils down to preparation,presentation and understanding what the interviewer is looking for. 5. 1.professional job coach 2.research on the position and the company 3.having not practised with some of the questions 4.how you present yourself 5.what the interviewer is actually looking for 6.preparation,presentation and understanding 7.in relationship to the job 8.some examples in your life 9.dealing with problems 7. the pieces of advice the speakers give are:1,3,5,7,8,9,10 and 11. Listening in Passage 1
四年级英语试题及答案
乡镇 学校 班级 姓名 学号 …………….…………………………….密………………………………………封………………..………………….. 四年级英语下学期第三次月检测试题 考试时间：60分钟；满分：120分 同学们，又是收获时刻。在此，你尽可以全面展示自己的知识与才华。相信你一定会把诚信写满试卷，一定会用努力书写成功！ 题 听力部分 笔试部分 总成 绩 号 一 二 三 四 五 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 成绩 听力部分（50分） 一、选出你所听到的单词(每小题2分，共10分） 1、( )A. picnic B.picture 2、( )A.Tuseday B.Thursday 3、( )A.was B.were 4、( )A.house B.home 5、( )A.travel B.travelled 二、听音，选择正确的图片。（每小题2分，共10分） （ ）1、 A. B. （ ）2. A. B. （ ）3. A. B. （ ）4. A. B. （ ）5. A. B. 三、听音，标序号。（每小题2分，共10分） ( ) ( ) ( ) （ ） （ ） 四、听录音，判断对（T ）错（F ）。（每小题2分，共10分） 1. 2. 3. ( ) ( ) ( ) 4. 5 ( ) ( ) 五、 听音选择答语。（每小题2分，共10分） （ ）1、A I am watching TV. B I am going to watch TV. （ ）2、A Yes,I did. B Yes,I do. （ ）3. A We ate some food. B We drank some milk. （ ）4. A I want a hamburger B I went to the park （ )5.A He went there last year. B. I will have breakfast . 笔试部分（70分） 一、判断发音部分是否相同（10分） （ ）1.cool took （ ）2.clever lesson （ ）3.cousin house （ ）4.thank was （ ）5.fat bad 二.单项选择。(20分) （ ）1.Who ’s that girl —It ’s________. A. I B. me C. she （ ）2.He wasn ’t ________ then. He was thin. A. fat B. thin C. short （ ）3.What ______this A. is B. are C. it （ ）4.I________do my homework yesterday . A. wasn ’t B.am not C.didn ’t （ ）5.Amy will ______ a picture tomorrow . A. drawing B. going to draw C. draw （ ）6.Mum, we _______ a party last Monday. A. have B . has C. had （ ）7.Tell me _______ your picnic. A. at B. about C. with （ ）8.He ________ TV yesterday.
新标准大学英语综合教程第四册课后练习答案
Unit 1 Active reading (1) Looking for a job after university? First, get off the sofa Reading and understanding Dealing with unfamiliar words 3 Match the words in the box with their definitions. 1 to make progress by moving to the next stage in a series of actions or events (proceed) 2 the process of changing from one situation, form or state to another (transition) 3 not feeling involved with someone or something in a close or emotional way (detached) 4 referring to something which will happen soon (upcoming) 5 to be sitting still in a position that is not upright (slump) 6 to return to a previous state or way of behaving (revert) 7 to say what happened (recount) 4Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3. It isn’t easy to mak e the (1) transition from a busy university student to an unemployed young adult (2) slumped on a bar stool or half watching a mindless television show, wondering if and how their career is going to (3) proceed. Many people who have experienced a long period of inactivity like this, when (4) recounting how they felt at the time, refer to the same strange psychological effect. As the days pass, they begin to feel (5) detached from any sense of pressure to go and look for a job, and tend to regard (6) upcoming interviews as if they were not very important. Typically, back at home after three or four years away, they (7) revert to old habits, start seeing old friends, and, in many cases, become dependent again on their parents. 5Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes. 1 I went to a mixed-ability secondary school just outside London. (comprehensive) 2 I got stopped by a policeman who asked to see my driving licence. (cop) 3Have you seen this beautiful from the air view of Oxford? (aerial) 4Isabel tightly her bag as she walked down the corridor towards the office. (clutched) 5 You should speak to Toby; he’s an supporter of flexible working hours. (advocate) 6 I hurt my leg badly a couple of month s ago, and it still hasn’t got better completely. (healed) 6 Answer the questions about the words. 1 Is a dead-end job one with (a) exciting prospects, or (b) no future? 2 Is a tricky problem (a) difficult, or (b) easy to solve? 3If an activity saps all your energy, do you feel (a) tired, or (b) more active than usual? 4Does a pushy person try to (a) persuade you to do something you don’t want to, or (b) help you by listening to what you have to say? 5If you feel apathy, do you want to (a) change the world, or (b) stay at home and do nothing? 7 Answer the questions about the phrases. 1Is fork out (a) a formal, or (b) an informal way of saying to pay for something?
四年级上册英语试题和答案
小学英语（PEP 四年级上册测试题 Unit One My Classroom 、在下列每题的四个字母中有一个是元音字母， 请把它选出来。（io 分） 1.( )A. Cc B. Ii C. Dd D. Vv 2.( )A. Ff B. Kk C. Yy D. Aa 3.( )A. Oo B. Ll C. Ss D. Nn 4.( )A. Hh B. Qq C. Uu D. Xx 5.( )A. Ee B. Pp C. Mm D. Rr 、把下面的图片与相应的单词连接起来。（10 分） 三、根据括号中的中文找出相应短语，并将代表答案的选项填在横线上。 (10 分) Miss White: Let 'clean the classroom. Please (扫地)and __________ 挂上图片)? Mike: Sarah! __________ (请开门). John: Amy! _________ (请打开灯). ( )1. This __________ my classroom A. am B. is C. are D. / ( )2. — What' ___________ the classroom —A board, two lights, many desks and chairs. A. on B. in C. un der D. n ear ( )3. We have 6 new __________ A. light B. lights C. nights D. ni ght ( )4. go and have a look. A. Let s B. Let C. let us D. let's ( )5. Amy: Where s your seat Mike: _________ A. It n ear the door. B. Let's go and have a look! C. t sthe door. D. It's near the door. （擦黑板）, ____ A. Please ope n the door C. Sweep the floor E. Put up the picture 四、选择填空(20分) B. Please turn on the light D. Clea n the board
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最新四年级英语试卷及答案 四年级英语试卷及答案 Ⅰ、听录音，圈出你所听到の单词 1.June July 2.donkey monkey 3.cow how 4.sunny sun 5.pig big 6.dog door 7.hole hotel 8.where wheel 9.March May 10.cat cab Ⅱ、听录音，选择正确の答语 （）1. A. Yes，I can B.I can’t （）2. A.I want to buy some apples B.I want to read a book （）3. A. In a tree B. In a river （）4. A. To the bicycle B. My bike is broken （）5. A. Nice to meet you B. It’s warm and rainy Ⅲ、听录音，在与你听到の内容相符の句子前打“√”，不相符の打“×”. ( ) 1. It’s sunny. ( ) 2. Nice to meet you. ( ) 3. Li Ming’s head is stuck. ( ) 4. Let’s go to the park to fly kites. ( ) 5. Is the library far from here? Ⅳ、听录音，把下列句子补充完整. 1.How’s the weather ? It’s ___________ 2.The elephant is _________________ 3.The rope is in the ___________________
新标准大学英语4课文summary
Unit1 reading2 if you ask me This is an informal and personalized account of an economic graduate who gets a job in a pub for a year and then has an opportunity to be successful (a lucky break). Since her family can’t support her to further study, she has to work. She has financial problems and feels lonely. She tells her troubles to Tony, a regular customer of the pub, who talks to some friends and gets her a loan to set up a business. With this help she has her master’s degree and her own company. however, unluckliy,Tony is disabled after an accident and needs the repayment of the loan to adapt his house for his disability. She pay back Tony’s help, and Tony thinks that investing in people gives the best return you can ever hope for. Unit2 reading1 Reading is a life-changing activity. It helps us enter a new world and liberate us from the real world we come from; it stimulates our emotions and allows us enjoy and celebrate the variety and difference from books; it aids us to get out of confusion in a material world and to discover the real meaning of the life. Simply put, books are supremely influential in the way we live. Homerun book might be the answer for the book that everyone should read. It describes the first reading experience that
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四年级英语试题及答案
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四年级英语试卷及答案
四年级英语试卷及答案． 四年级英语试卷 ) (10分一、写出下列字母相应的大写或小写。、H ________ 2、b________ 3、、e________ 、A ________ 5F ________ 4 1
) 二、选出单词中所缺字母或字母组合，将序号填入括号内。(10分C. m B. a （） 1. f _ n (风扇) A. o C. z B. s ) （） 2. pen_ il (铅笔 A. c C. ar B. or 3. rul_ _ （）(尺子) A. er e o C. o s_ f_ (长沙发) A. a B. o ）（ 4. n C. un B. an （） 5. chick _ _ （鸡肉） A. e n 分）三、选出下列每组单词中与其他不属于同类的一项。（10 C. eye A. thin B. tall （）1. on C. 2. A. in B. candy （） C. door 3. A. window B. math book （） C.
brother A. bed B. sister （） 4. C. fridge B. noodles A. rice （） 5. 四、认真看一看，为下面单词选择相应的汉语。（20分） A、蔬菜 B、电灯 C、书包 D、书房 E、门 F、谢谢你 G、墙壁 H、电话 I、头发 J、勺子 1、( )light 2、( ) thank you 3、( ) hair 4 、( )door 5、( ) schoolbag 6、( ) phone ) study ( 、8 ) vegetable ( 、7 )spoon 9、( ) wall 10、( 30分）五、单项选择 （
新标准大学英语综合教程4第二版unit1-6课文翻译及
新标准大学英语综合教程4第二版unit1-6课文翻译及课后翻译
英语翻译 Unit one Nine to five passage1 大学毕业找工作的第一要义：别躺在沙发上做梦 今年夏天，超过65 万的大学生毕业离校，其中有许多人根本不知道怎么找工作。在当今金融危机的背景下，做父母的该如何激励他们？ 1 七月，你看着英俊的21岁的儿子穿上学士袍，戴上四方帽，骄傲地握着大学荣誉学位证书，拍毕业照。这时，记忆中每年支付几千英镑，好让儿子吃好、并能偶尔参加聚会的记忆开始消退。但现在，你又不得不再考虑钱的问题。 2 等到暑假快要结束，全国各地的学生正在为新学期做准备的时候，你却发现大学毕业的儿子还歪躺在沙发上看电视。除此之外，他只是偶尔发发短信，浏览社交网站Facebook，或者去酒吧喝酒。这位属于“千禧一代”的年轻人一夜之间变成了“抱怨一代”的成员。他能找到工作吗？ 3 这就是成千上万家庭所面临的状况：今年夏天，超过65万的大学生毕业，在当今金融危机的背景下，他们中的大多数人不知道自己下一步该做什么。父母只会唠叨，而儿女们则毫无缘由地变成了叛逆者。他们知道自己该找份工作，但却不知道如何去找。 4 来自米德尔塞克斯郡的杰克·古德温今年夏天从诺丁汉大学政治学系毕业，获得二级一等荣誉学士学位。他走进大学就业服务中心，但又径直走了出来，因为他看见很多人在那里排长队。跟他一起住的另外5个男孩子也都跟他一样，进去又出来了。找工作的压力不大，虽然他所认识的大多数女生都有更明确的计划。 5 他说：“我申请政治学研究工作，但被拒绝了。他们给的年薪是1.8万镑，交完房租后所剩无几，也就够买一罐豆子，可他们还要有工作经历或硕士学位的人。然后我又申请参加快速晋升人才培养计划，并通过了笔试。但在面试时，他们说我‘太冷漠’了，谈吐‘太像专家政治论者’。我觉得自己不可能那样，但我显然就是那样的。” 6 打那以后，他整个夏天都在“隐身”。他能够轻松地复述出电视剧《交通警察》中的若干片段。他白天看电视的时间太长，已经到了影响健康的地步。跟朋友谈起自己漫无目标的日子时，他才发现他们的处境和自己一样。其中一位朋友在父母的逼迫下去超市上货，其余的则都是朝九晚五地“无所事事”，晚上则去酒吧喝酒打发时间。要么，干脆就在酒吧工作？这样还可以挣些酒钱。“我不想在酒吧工作。我上的是综合学校，我拼命读书才考上了一所好大学。到了大学，我又埋头苦读，才取得一个好学位。可现在我却跟那些没上过大学的做无聊的酒吧侍应的朋友处在同一个水平线上。我觉得自己好像兜了一圈，又回到了原来的起点。” 7 他的母亲杰奎琳·古德温替他辩护。她坚持认为她的儿子已经尽力找工作了。但由于她自己中学毕业后一直都在工作，所以她和她的丈夫发现，建议儿子如何继续找工作是件很棘手的事情。她说：“我一直都不得不工作。而现在的年轻人很难做到这一点，因为如果你有了学位，学位就会为你提供新的机会，至少你自己会这么想。” 8 虽然目前她对儿子的态度还比较温和，但是她心里很清楚，去南美度三星期的假之后，他的休假就该结束了。他可能还得付房租，并分担家庭开支。 9 她说：“在某个时候孩子们总要长大成人。我们已经帮他交了大学的学费，
新标准大学英语综合教程4__课后答案
应Key to book4 unit1-4 Unit 1 Active reading (1) Looking for a job after university? First, get off the sofa Reading and understanding Dealing with unfamiliar words 3 Match the words in the box with their definitions. 1 to make progress by moving to the next stage in a series of actions or events (proceed) 2 the process of changing from one situation, form or state to another (transition) 3 not feeling involved with someone or something in a close or emotional way (detached) 4 referring to something which will happen soon (upcoming) 5 to be sitting still in a position that is not upright (slump) 6 to return to a previous state or way of behaving (revert) 7 to say what happened (recount) 4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3. It isn‘t easy to make the (1) transition from a busy university student to an unemployed young adult (2) slumped on a bar stool or half watching a mindless television show, wondering if and how their career is going to (3) proceed. Many people who have experienced a long period of inactivity like this, when (4) recounting how they felt at the time, refer to the same strange psychological effect. As the days pass, they begin to feel (5) detached from any sense of pressure to go and look for a job, and tend to regard (6) upcoming interviews as if they were not very important. Typically, back at home after three or four years away, they (7) revert to old habits, start seeing old friends, and, in many cases, become dependent again on their parents. 5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes. 1 I went to a mixed-ability secondary school just outside London. (comprehensive) 2 I got stopped by a policeman who asked to see my driving licence. (cop) 3 Have you seen this beautiful from the air view of Oxford? (aerial) 4 Isabel tightly her bag as she walked down the corridor towards the office. (clutched) 5 You should speak to Toby; he‘s an supporter of flexible working hours. (advocate) 6 I hurt my leg badly a couple of months ago, and it still hasn‘t got better completely. (healed) 6 Answer the questions about the words. 1 Is a dead-end job one with (a) exciting prospects, or (b) no future? 2 Is a tricky problem (a) difficult, or (b) easy to solve? 3 If an activity saps all your energy, do you feel (a) tired, or (b) more active than usual? 4 Does a pushy person try to (a) persuade you to do something you don‘t want to, or (b) help you by listening to what you have to say? 5 If you feel apathy, do you want to (a) change the world, or (b) stay at home and do nothing? 7 Answer the questions about the phrases.
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