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M1U1 Sharks: from birth to a life with helpers I. Word box

II. Phrase list

III. Notes

1.One reason scientists worry about sharks disappearing is that humans are killing

sharks faster than the sharks can reproduce.科学家担心鲨鱼消失的一个原因是：人类捕杀鲨鱼的速度要快于鲨鱼繁殖的速度。

2.Most pups are carried for up to twelve months. 大多数的幼鲨（在母鲨体内）

被携带着长达12个月。★are carried (be +done 构成被动语态)被携带

3.In other species, shark pups hatch from eggs (which are) laid by their mother. 在

其他鲨鱼物种里，幼鲨从母鲨鱼产下的蛋中孵化。★laid by their mother 过去分词短语作定语修饰前文的eggs。

4.When two different kinds of animals live together in this mutually beneficial way,

scientists call this relationship symbiosis, which simply means ‘living together.’当两个不同种类的动物以互惠互利的方式生活在一起，科学家把这种关系称之为共生，简单地说就是‘生活在一起’。★when…引导的时间状语从句；

which引导的非限制性定语从句（用来补充说明symbiosis），which指代前文symbiosis。

M1U2 Are all sharks dangerous?

I.Word box

II.Phrase list

III.Notes

1.Scientists think that most attacks are due to the fact that sharks may mistake

people in the water for seals or large fish, which are their prey. 科学家认为大多数（鲨鱼对人的）袭击是因为鲨鱼可能将在水中的人误当成了海豹或大的鱼类（他们是鲨鱼的猎物）★第一个that引导宾语从句，从句作think的宾语；

第二个that引导同位语从句，从句作fact的同位语；which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代seals or large fish。

2.Most attacks happen in shallow water where people are swimming. 大多数的攻

击发生在人们游泳的浅水域。★where引导定语从句, where指的就是in shallow water.

3.This shark is a fierce and powerful hunter that can be more than 6 meters long.

这种鲨鱼是体长超过6米，既凶猛又强大的猎手。★that引导(限制性)定语从句,that指代前文的hunter, 从句作定语修饰hunter。

4.However, this shark’s numbers have been reduced by people hunting them. 然

而，这种鲨鱼的数目已经因为人类的捕杀而减少。★have been reduced (have been done被动语态现在完成时)(数目)已经被减少。

5.Some people are killing sharks without realizing that sharks are in danger. 一些

人正捕杀鲨鱼而没有意识到鲨鱼已处于危险。★that引导宾语从句，从句作动词realize的宾语。

6.Scientists fear that in a hundred years, shark species (that have been on Earth for

millions of years) will disappear forever. 科学家担心，一百年以后，在地球上已经存活了数百万年的鲨鱼会永远消失。★第一个that引导宾语从句，从句作动词fear的宾语；第二个that引导定语从句，that指代shark species, 从句作定语修饰shark species。

7.Shark fins and tails are sold to people who use them to make shark fin soup. 鲨鱼

翅和鲨鱼尾卖给那些用它们来做鱼翅汤的人。★who引导的定语从句，who 指代people, 从句作定语修饰people。

8.The jaws and big teeth of sharks are sold illegally, too. In the past, many sharks

were killed to obtain their rich oil. 鲨鱼的颚和大牙齿也被非法贩卖。在过去，很多鲨鱼被捕杀以获得丰富的鱼油。(are sold; were killed皆为被动语态) 9.[Understanding how this works] could help find new ways to cure diseases. 理

解这是如何运作的能帮助人们找到新的治病方法。★动名词做主语(动词不能作主语，作主语须转化成doing或to do)

10.Artificial skin that is made of shark cartilage may help people with serious burns.

由鲨鱼软骨做成的人造皮肤可以帮助严重烧伤的人。

11.Tourists can even get close to great white sharks. But it is the people who stay in

cages. 游客甚至可以接近大白鲨，但得是待在笼子里才成。★It is…who/that…。强调句句型，强调句句型的特点是去掉It is, who/that句子依然是完整的。

M1U3 Interesting species of sharks

I.Word box

II.Phrase list

III.Notes

1.The whale shark is one of the three species of sharks (which are) known to be

filter feeders. 鲸鲨是三种滤食鲨鱼中的一种。★known to be filter feeders过去分词短语作定语，修饰sharks。

2.They have two feelers, or barbels, which hang from the sides of their mouth.它们

有两个触角或触须，就挂在嘴巴两边。★which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代barbels, 从句补充说明barbels的特征。

3.They use their barbels to search for prey (which is) hidden in the sand. 它们用触

须搜寻藏在沙子里的猎物。★hidden in the sand 过去分词短语作定语, 修饰prey; 相等于一个定语从句which is hidden in the sand。

4.The tiger shark gets its name from the stripes (that) it has along its sides when it is

young. 虎鲨的名字来自于它幼年时身体两边的条纹。★that引导定语从句, that指代stripes, 同时在从句中作宾语，that可以省略；when引导时间状语从句，所以它是从句的从句，即定语从句中的时间状语从句。

IV.They also among the few species that attack humans. 它们(虎鲨)也是为数不多的会攻击人类的鲨鱼。★that引导定语从句，that指代前文species; that 在从句中做主语，所以不可省略。

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Henry was an office worker in a big city. Henry was an office worker in a big city. He worked very hard and enjoyedtraveling in hisholidays. He usually went to the seaside, but one year he saw anadvertisement in a newspaper.“Enjoy country life. Spend a few weeks at West HillFarm. Good food. Fresh air. Horse riding.Walking. Fishing. Cheap and interesting.” “This sounds a good idea,” he thought. “I?ll spend a month at West Hill Farm.Ithink I canenjoy horse riding, walking and fishing. They?llmake a change from sittingby the seaside andswimming.” He wrote to the farmer. In the letter he said that hewould like to spend all of Julythere. Then on the first of July, he left for West HillFarm. But four days later, he returned home. “What was wrong with West Hill Farm?” his best friend, Ed, asked him.“Didn?tyou enjoycountry life?” “Country life was very good,” Henry said. “But there was another problem.”“Oh. What?” “Well,” he said, “the first day I was there a sheep died, and wehad roast muttonfor dinner.”“What's wrong with that?” Ed asked. “Fresh meat is the best.” “I know, but on the second day a cow died, and we had roast beef for dinner.”“Lucky you!” “You don't understand,” Henry said. “On the t hird day a pigdied and we hadroast pork fordinner.” “Let me finish,” Henry said. “On the fourth day the farmer died, and I didn'tdare (敢)stay fordinner!” 1.How did Henry find out about the farm? A. He saw it in a newspaper advertisement. B. His best friend told him.

初中英语必背单词2000个

... 第一册1----833 361 glove n 手套 11 row n (一)排,(一)行373 midnight n 午夜 26 grade n 年级379 break n (课间)休息,中断 33 plus prep 加,加上391 Tokyo n 东京 41 thirteen num 十三398 doll n 玩具娃娃 42 fourteen num 十四399 else adv & adj 别(的),其他(的) 43 fifteen num 十五408 term n 学期 49 secret n 秘密417 draw v 画;绘制 62 sharpener n 卷笔刀422 leg n 腿 63 eraser n 橡皮擦459 sock n 短袜 66 map n 地图462 broken adj 弄坏了的 126 parrot n 鹦鹉468 goodness n 善良;美德 141 tree n 树471 mend v 修补;修理 163 duty n 职责,责任473 robot n 机器人 164 on duty phr. 值日474 body n 身体 174 look the same phr. 看起来很像475 broke v (动词break 的过去时)折断;打183 look after phr. 照顾,照看 破 196 classmate n 同班同学478 round adj 球形的;圆的 221 forgot v (forget 的过去时)忘记496 porridge n 粥;稀饭 247 seat n 座位498 dumpling n 饺子 248 have a seat 坐下,就坐499 fruit n 水果 254 guess v 猜502 hamburger n 汉堡包 257 ball n 球503 noodle n 面条 274 broom n 扫帚519 ouch interj (突然感到病痛时发出的 声音) 啊呀275 window n 窗 276 raincoat n 雨衣525 yo-yo n 溜溜球(一种玩具) 280 Hong Kong n 香港527 throw v 投,掷 281 Macao n 澳门531 skate v 滑冰,溜冰 282 SAR n 特别行政区534 volleyball n 排球 286 many adj 许多的,多的541 postal adj 邮政的 295 Let me see. 让我想想542 code n 密码,符号 296 fifty num 五十543 ski v 滑雪 301 playhouse n 儿童游戏房544 tennis n 网球(运动) 306 great adv (口语)好极了,很好545 table tennis n 乒乓球 309 ping-pong n 乒乓球546 roller-skating n 滑旱冰 311 kite n 风筝548fan n (口语)(电影,运动等的)迷 313 pioneer n 先锋550 team n 队,组 314 Young Pioneer n 少先队员566 talk photos phr. 照象 321 count v 数,点数570 toy n 玩具;玩物 326 animal n 动物571 lake n 湖 329 sheep n 绵羊589 dictionary n 字典;词典 330 come on phr 来吧,跟着来,赶快595 give...a hand phr. 给予.....帮助 337 purple adj & n 紫色(的) 598 after class phr. 课后 341 sweater n 毛衣,厚运动衫603 have a(good)rest phr. 休息 354 dark adj 深(浓)色的,黑暗的604 maths n (英式拼法)数学

适合初中生阅读的英语课外读物 (1)

阅读英语课外读物，是提高英语阅读理解水平的有效途径，本文根据各年级学生的英语水平和学习特点，推荐了一些适合他们阅读的英语书籍，让他(她)们在浩如烟海的英语书籍中，找到适合自己的精神食粮。 第一级：300生词量，适合小学、初一学生，共8本 1、《爱情与金钱》 2、《苏格兰玛丽女王》 3、《在月亮下面》 4、《潘德尔的巫师》 5、《歌剧院的幽灵》 6、《猴爪》 7、《象人》 8、《世界上最冷的地方》 第二级：600生词量，适合初一学生，8本 1、《威廉·莎士比亚》 2、《一个国王的爱情故事》 L3、《亡灵岛》 4、《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》 5、《鲁宾孙漂流记》 6、《爱丽丝漫游奇境记》 7、《格林·盖布尔斯来的安妮》 8、《五个孩子和沙精》 第三级：1000生词量，适合初二学生，分上册7本，下册8本 上册

1、《弗兰肯斯坦》 2、《野性的呼唤》 3、《秘密花园》 4、《曾达的囚徒》 5、《爱丽丝镜中世界奇遇记》 6、《风语河岸柳》 7、《神秘幻想故事集》 下册： 1、《圣诞欢歌》 2、《多里安·格雷的画像》 3、《勃朗特一家的故事》 4、《牙齿和爪子》 5、《星际动物园》 6、《诱拐》 7、《公正》 8、《化学秘密》 第四级：1500生词量，适合初三学生，分上册5本，下册6本上册： 1、《巴斯克维尔猎犬》 2、《不平静的坟墓》 3、《三怪客泛舟记》 4、《三十九级台阶》

5、《小妇人》 下册： 1、《黑骏马》 2、《织工马南》 3、《双城记》 4、《格列佛游记》 5、《金银岛》 6、《化身博士》 第五级：2000生词量，适合高一学生，共4本。 1、《远大前程》 2、《大卫·科波菲尔》 3、《呼啸山庄》 4、《远离尘嚣》 第六级：2300生词量，适合高二、高三学生，共4本 1、《简·爱》 2、《雾都孤儿》 3、《傲慢与偏见》 4、《苔丝》 入门级：适合小学高年级,初一共10本 1 《生存游戏》 2《侠盗罗宾汉》 3《白色巨石》

(完整版)初中英语趣味阅读理解题4篇及答案

A farmer had a cow. He took very good care of this cow and one day when it was ill, he was very worried. He telephoned the vet. “What’s the problem?” The vet asked him when he arrived. “My cow’s ill,” the farmer said. “I don’t know what's the matter with her. She’s lying down and won’t eat. She’s making a strange noise.” The vet looked over the cow. "She’s certainly ill," he said, "and she needs to take some very strong medicine." He took a bottle out of his box, put two pills into his hand and said, "Give her these. The pills should make her better." “How should I give them to her?” the farmer asked. The vet gave him a tube and said, "Put this tube in her mouth, then put the pills in the tube and blow. That’ll make it." The next day the vet came to the farm again. The farmer was sitting outside his house and looked more worried. “How’s your cow?” the vet asked. “No change,” the farmer said, “and I’m feeling very strange myself.” “Oh?” the vet said, "Why?" “I did what you said,” the farmer answered. “I put the tube in the cow’s mouth and then put two pills down it.” “And?” the vet asked. “The cow blew first,” the farmer said. 1. In the story, the vet must be _________. A. the farmer's friend B. a milk factory C. a hospital for cows D. a doctor for animals 2.The farmer asked the vet for help when his cow _______ A. couldn't lie down B. didn't eat the pills C. couldn't make any noise D. was ill 3.What medicine did the vet give the farmer? A. Bottle of pills. B. A long tube. C. Two pills. D. A small box. 4.The vet taught the farmer how _________. A. to blow the tube B. to make the cow take the pills C. to take the medicine D. to put the tube in his mouth 5.Which of the following is true? A. The farmer ate the pills himself. B. The cow got better after taking the medicine. C. The vet came to help the farmer change the cow the next day. D. The farmer waited for the vet outside his house the next day.

初中英语课外阅读的重要性

一、初中英语课外阅读的重要性 1、扩大初中生课外阅读量、提高阅读能力是中考的需求 阅读理解测试一直以来都是中学生毕业考试试卷中的重头戏，试卷中阅读理解是30分，且近年来阅读篇数由4篇增加到5篇，这表明中考英语对阅读有了更高的要求。 二、我校学生英语课外阅读状况 我校学生课外阅读现状不容乐观，很多学生对课外阅读兴趣不高，花的时间少，阅读效果低下。 三、措施 具体做到以下几方面：（1）、帮助学生制定切实可行的阅读计划；（2）、向学生推荐一些优秀的阅读材料，并传授一些阅读技能和技巧；（3）、定期向学生了解他们的阅读情况，根据反馈意见向学生提供建议、帮助和鼓励；（4）、鼓励学生做阅读记录并开展一些英语读书报告会等活动，同时教师也应该加入到活动中来，成为活动的参与者，为学生树立榜样。 四、农村学生阅读少的原因 1、对课外阅读兴趣偏低 2、课外读物来源渠道不广，阅读材料单一。学生的英语课外读物主要依靠教师推荐，材料 主要是与教材配套的阅读材料、英语阅读题集、英语报刊及其它，极少学生阅读英语简易读物。 3、英语阅读时间少。 4、词汇语法是最大障碍，学生认为自己词汇量不足、语法知识不够巩固，看不懂长句、复 杂句较多的文章，自然无法感受阅读的成就感也阻碍了学生课外阅读的顺利进行。老师方面还是十分希望学生通阅读来提高成绩，故希望学生阅读阅读的材料是与考试密切相关的阅读试题而忽略了学生阅读应该有的快乐成分也造成学生尖趣不高的原因。教师教学压力大（而指导阅读是一项耗时又费力的工程，没有足够的精力和时间去认真开展课外阅读指导），没有精力去指导学生去有计划的指导学生阅读。教师和学生一样面临升学压力，老师大多精力在研究中考试题、研究课堂教学督促和辅导那些课堂知识掌握不好的学生上。所以，对于教师来说：1、转变观念，重视课外阅读的重要性，让学生学会阅读，体验阅读的乐趣，让学生喜欢阅读，他们会自原花时间在阅读上，他们的词汇量随之提高、语法知识得到巩固、知识面得到拓宽、思维能力得到锻炼，那么英语成绩也就会相应得到提高。2、掌握方法、科学指导：加强基础知识教学，词汇量高低直接影响学生，尤其是低年级学生的阅谍能力，教师要在平时课堂教学中依托教材、帮助学生过好词汇关，提高他们的单词识别能力，帮助学生掌握一定的语法知识，包括句型、时态、语态等，这样学生阅读起来就顺利起来了。 5、传授正确的阅读方法：（1）、教会学生整体阅读法。课外阅读应以增加语言输入量为目 的，只要学生能看懂文章、了解文章主体信息即可。教师要教会学生从文章整体出发，把主要精力放在寻找有用信息上不要纠结于某个词、某个句子的意思或用法上，文章中出现一些不认识的单词是十分正常的，在它不影响对整体文章理解的前提下不必管它，完全可跳过或从上下文中去猜测它的意思，阅读时抓关键句和关键词，把握文章的中心，理解全文的大意。（2）、教会学生阅读技能。阅读技能的合理运用是可以大大提高阅读效果和速度的，教师结合平时的课堂阅读教学，教会学生使用略读和寻读，略读的目的是快速了解文章的大意，读者不需要逐字逐句阅读全文，他们可以有选择地进行跳跃式的阅读，其好处是可以提高阅读速度、节省阅读时间，可以通读文章的起始段和结尾段，细读每个段落的起始句；浏览与主题句相关的信息词，寻读是从较长的文字资料中寻找某个细节内容，在寻找信息过程中，不要逐行地浏览，要明确在文中所要找的信息而不是读文字。

初中英语趣味阅读理解题4篇及答案.

阅读理解练习（1） A farmer had a cow. He took very good care of this cow and one day when it was ill, he was very worried. He telephoned the vet. “What?s the problem?” The vet asked him when he arrived. “My cow?s ill,” the farmer said. “I don?t know what's the matter with her. She?s lying down and won?t eat. She?s making a strange noise.” The vet looked over the cow. "She?s certainly ill," he said, "and she needs to take some very strong medicine." He took a bottle out of his box, put two pills into his hand and said, "Give her these. The pills should make her better." “How should I give them to her?” the farmer asked. The vet gave him a tube and said, "Put this tube in her mouth, then put the pills in the tube and blow. That?ll make it." The next day the vet came to the farm again. The farmer was sitting outside his house and looked more worried. “How?s your cow?” the vet asked. “No change,” the farmer said, “and I?m feeling very strange myself.” “Oh?” the vet said, "Why?" “I did what you said,” the farmer answered. “I put the tube in the cow?s mouth and then put two pills down it.” “And?” the vet asked. “The cow blew first,” the farmer said. 1. In the story, the vet must be _________. A. the farmer's friend B. a milk factory C. a hospital for cows D. a doctor for animals 2.The farmer asked the vet for help when his cow _______ A. couldn't lie down B. didn't eat the pills C. couldn't make any noise D. was ill 3.What medicine did the vet give the farmer? A. Bottle of pills. B. A long tube. C. Two pills. D. A small box. 4.The vet taught the farmer how _________. A. to blow the tube B. to make the cow take the pills C. to take the medicine D. to put the tube in his mouth 5.Which of the following is true? A. The farmer ate the pills himself. B. The cow got better after taking the medicine. C. The vet came to help the farmer change the cow the next day. D. The farmer waited for the vet outside his house the next day.