2010年考研英语二真题答案超详解析

2010 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 points) The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic_____1_____ by the World Health Organization in 41 years.

The heightened alert _____2_____an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that convened after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising_____3_____in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.

But the epidemic is "_____4_____" in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization's director general, _____5_____ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the _____6_____ of any medical treatment.

The outbreak came to global_____7_____in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noticed an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths_____8_____healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to _____9_____in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.

In the United States, new cases seemed to fade_____10_____warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was _____11_____flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the_____12_____tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1, not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has_____13_____more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.

Federal health officials_____14_____Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began_____15_____orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is ____16_____ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those _____17_____doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not_____18_____for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other

_____19_____. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group: health care workers, people _____20_____infants and healthy young people.

1 [A] criticized [B] appointed [C]commented [D] designated

2 [A] proceeded [B] activated [C] followed [D] prompted

3 [A] digits [B] numbers [C] amounts [D] sums

4 [A] moderate [B] normal [C] unusual [D] extreme

5 [A] with [B] in [C] from [D] by

6 [A] progress [B] absence [C] presence [D] favor

7 [A] reality [B] phenomenon [C] concept [D] notice

8. [A]over [B] for [C] among [D] to

9 [A] stay up [B] crop up [C] fill up [D] cover up

10 [A] as [B] if [C] unless [D] until

11 [A] excessive [B] enormous [C] significant [D]magnificent

12 [A]categories [B] examples [C] patterns [D] samples

13 [A] imparted [B] immerse [C] injected [D] infected

14 [A] released [B] relayed [C] relieved [D] remained

15 [A] placing [B] delivering [C] taking [D] giving

16 [A] feasible [B] available [C] reliable [D] applicable

17 [A] prevalent [B] principal [C] innovative [D] initial

18 [A] presented [B] restricted [C] recommended [D] introduced

19 [A] problems [B] issues [C] agonies [D] sufferings

20 [A] involved in [B] caring for [C] concerned with [D] warding off

Section ⅡReading comprehension

Part A

Text 1

The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, “Beautiful Inside My Head Forever”，at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than ￡70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.

The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm—double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.

In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst’s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable, especially in New York, where the bail-out of the banks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial demise of many art-buying investors. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector—for Chinese contemporary art—they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christie’s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.

The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989, a move that started the most serious contraction in the market since the Second World War. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christie’s chief executive, says: “I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”

What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market, whereas in the early 1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no demand even though many collectors wanted to sell. Christie’s revenues in the first half of 2009 were still higher than in the first half of 2006. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.

21.In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as“a last victory”because ____.

A. the art market had witnessed a succession of victories

B. the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bids

C. Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpieces

D. it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis

22.By saying“spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable”(Line 1-2,Para.3)，the author suggests that_____.

A. collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctions

B .people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleries

C. art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extent

D .works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying

23. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008.

B. The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.

C. The market generally went downward in various ways.

D. Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.

24. The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are ____

A. auction houses ' favorites

B. contemporary trends

C. factors promoting artwork circulation

D. styles representing impressionists

25. The most appropriate title for this text could be ___

A. Fluctuation of Art Prices

B. Up-to-date Art Auctions

C. Art Market in Decline

D. Shifted Interest in Arts

Text 2

I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room—a women's group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative, frequently offering ideas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement. He gestured toward his wife and said, "She's the talker in our family." The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. "It's true," he explained. "When I come home from work, I have nothing to say. If she didn't keep

the conversation going, we'd spend the whole evening in silence."

This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.

The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book "Divorce Talk" that most of the women she interviewed—but only a few of the men—gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent，that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year —a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.

In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking, social arrangements and errands. Instead they focused on communication: "He doesn't listen to me." "He doesn't talk to me." I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.

In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of it, wanting to talk.

26. What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands?

A. Talking to them.

B. Trusting them.

C. Supporting their careers.

D. Sharing housework.

27. Judging from the context, the phrase“wreaking havoc”(Line 3,Para.2)most probably means ___ .

A. generating motivation.

B. exerting influence

C. causing damage

D. creating pressure

28. All of the following are true EXCEPT_______

A. men tend to talk more in public than women

B. nearly 50 percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversation

C. women attach much importance to communication between couples

D. a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse

29. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?

A. The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists.

B. Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities.

C. Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage.

D. Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.

30. In the following part immediately after this text, the author will most probably focus on ______

A. a vivid account of the new book Divorce Talk

B. a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoon

C. other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.

D. a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew Hacker

Text 3

Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors —habits—among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.

“There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, that remain killers only because we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,”Dr. Curtis said. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”

The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to —Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever —had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.

If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we use every day — chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants,

colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins—are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.

A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.

“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,”said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’ lives, and it’s essential to making n ew products commercially viable.”

Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.

31. According to Dr. Curtis, habits like hand washing with soap________.

[A] should be further cultivated

[B] should be changed gradually

[C] are deeply rooted in history

[D] are basically private concerns

32. Bottled water, chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to____

[A] reveal their impact on people’s habits

[B] show the urgent need of daily necessities

[C] indicate their effect on people’s buying power

[D] manifest the significant role of good habits

33. Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people’s habits?

[A]Tide

[B] Crest

[C] Colgate

[D] Unilever

34. From the text we know that some of consumer’s habits are developed due to _____

[A]perfected art of products

[B]automatic behavior creation

[C]commercial promotions

[D]scientific experiments

35. The author’s attitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is____

[A] indifferent

[B] negative

[C] positive

[D] biased

Text 4

Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.

But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virginia, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way

around this and other antidiscrimination laws.

The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898, it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.

In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury. This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor vs. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.

36. From the principles of the US jury system, we learn that ______

[A]both liberate and illiterate people can serve on juries

[B]defendants are immune from trial by their peers

[C]no age limit should be imposed for jury service

[D]judgment should consider the opinion of the public

37. The practice of selecting so-called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed_____

[A]the inadequacy of antidiscrimination laws

[B]the prevalent discrimination against certain races

[C]the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures

[D]the arrogance common among the Supreme Court justices

38. Even in the 1960s, women were seldom on the jury list in some states because_____

[A]they were automatically banned by state laws

[B]they fell far short of the required qualifications

[C]they were supposed to perform domestic duties

[D]they tended to evade public engagement

39. After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed.___

[A] sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished

[B] educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors

[C] jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community

[D] states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system

40. In discussing the US jury system, the text centers on_______

[A]its nature and problems

[B]its characteristics and tradition

[C]its problems and their solutions

[D]its tradition and development

Part B

BOTH Boeing and Airbus have trumpeted the efficiency of their newest aircraft, the 787 and A350 respectively. Their clever designs and lightweight composites certainly make a difference. But a group of researchers at Stanford University, led by Ilan Kroo, has suggested that airlines could take a more naturalistic approach to cutting jet-fuel use, and it would not require them to buy new aircraft.

The answer, says Dr Kroo, lies with birds. Since 1914, and a seminal paper by a German researcher called Carl Wieselsberger, scientists have known that birds flying in formation—a V-shape, echelon or otherwise—expend less energy. The air flowing over a b ird’s wings curls upwards behind the wingtips, a phenomenon known as upwash. Other birds flying in the upwash experience reduced drag, and spend less energy propelling themselves. Peter Lissaman, an aeronautics expert who was formerly at Caltech and the University of Southern When applied to aircraft, the principles are not substantially different. Dr Kroo and his team modelled what would happen if three passenger jets departing from Los Angeles, San Francisco and Las Vegas were to rendezvous over Utah, assume an inverted V-formation, occasionally swap places so all could have a turn in the most favourable positions, and proceed to London. They found that the aircraft consumed as much as 15% less fuel (with a concomitant reduction in carbon-dioxide output). Nitrogen-oxide emissions during the cruising portions of the flight fell by around a quarter.

There are, of course, kinks to be worked out. One consideration is safety, or at least the perception of it. Would passengers feel comfortable travelling in convoy? Dr Kroo points out that

the aircraft could be separated by several nautical miles, and would not be in the unnervingly cosy groupings favoured by display teams like the Red Arrows. A passenger peering out of the window might not even see the other planes. Whether the separation distances involved would satisfy air-traffic-control regulations is another matter, although a working group at the International Civil Aviation. Organisation has included the possibility of formation flying in a blueprint for new operational guidelines.

It remains to be seen how weather conditions affect the air flows that make formation flight more efficient. In zones of increased turbulence, the planes’wakes will decay more quickly and the effect will diminish. Dr Kroo says this is one of the areas his team will investigate further. It might also be hard for airlines to co-ordinate the departure times and destinations of passenger aircraft in a way that would allow them to gain from formation flight. Cargo aircraft, in contrast, might be easier to reschedule, as might routine military flights.

As it happens, America’s armed forces are on the case already. Earlier this year the country’s Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency announced plans to pay Boeing to investigate formation flight, though the programme has yet to begin. There are reports that some military aircraft flew in formation when they were low on fuel during the second world war, but Dr Lissaman says they are apocryphal. “My father was an RAF pilot and my cousin the skipper of a Lancaster lost over Berlin,” he adds. So he should know.

41. Findings of the Stanford University researchers will promote the sales of new Boeing and Airbus aircraft.

42. The upwash experience may save propelling energy as well as reducing resistance.

43.Formation flight is more comfortable because passengers can not see the other planes.

44. The role that weather plays in formation flight has not yet been clearly defined.

45. It has been documented that during World War II, America’s armed forces once tried formation flight to save fuel.

46.Directions:

In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)

“Suatainability” has become apopular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured apainful period of unsustainability in his own life made

itclear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action and choice。Ning recalls spending aconfusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He’d been though the dot-com boom and burst and,desperate for ajob,signed on with a Boulder agency。It didin’t go well. “It was a really had move because that’s not my passion,” says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. “I was m iserable, I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said, ‘Just wait, you’ll trun the corner, give it some time.’”

47. Directions:

You have just come back from the U.S. as a member of a Sino-American cultural exchange program. Write a letter to your American colleague to

1) Express your thanks for his/her warm reception;

2) Welcome him/her to visit China in due course。

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei”instead。

Do not write your address. (10 points)

48. Directions:

In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should

1) Interpret the chart and

2) Give your comments。

You should write at least 150 words。

Write your essay on on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)

范文：

In this chart, we can see the mobile phone subscriptions in developed countries have a steady and slight increase from 1990 to 2007 and then remain constant in 2008. Meanwhile the mobile phone subscriptions in developing countries have witnessed a slow increase from 1990 to 2004 and then a great surge from 2004 to 20007: the biggest surge happens from 2005 to 2006.

This chart reflects different developing modes of mobile phone industry in developed and developing countries. The developed countries have a limited number of populations, most of whom are well-educated. Therefore, the spreading of the mobile phone service is efficient and

soon the market is saturated. Also at the beginning the developed countries have more people who can afford this service. The developing countries have a large population who keeps a large demand for mobile service. As the mobile phone service becomes cheaper and cheaper, the increasing customers subscribe to benefit from this service。

As discussed above, it is not surprising to see this change. In my opinion, this trend that the number of mobile-phone subscriptions is increasingly increasing will continue for a while in the future

Section I Use of English

一、文章题材结构分析

本文是取材于新闻报道，叙述了猪流感的爆发，产生的严重影响以及政府采取的针对性措施。首段和第二段简

述了猪流感的爆发引起世界各国的重视。第三段引用专家的观点，认为瘟疫并不严重。第四段和第五段以墨西哥及

美国的情况为例，说明了猪流感的严重性和致命性。第六段叙述了联邦政府针对猪流感的具体措施。

二、试题解析

1.【答案】D

【解析】上文提到“…was declared a global epidemic…”，根据declare 的逻辑（“宣布为”），可知应该选D 项

designated“命名，制定”，而不是C 项commented“评论”，这是典型的近义词复现题目。2．【答案】C

【解析】本题目可依据“句意”找到意思线索，选出答案，难度在于出处句是个长难句。本句的理解应该抓住alert、

meeting 和a sharp rise 三者的关系，根据after a sharp rise 可知是rise（“病例数的增加”）是meeting（“日内瓦专家

会议”）的原因，由此可推导出alert 并非是meeting 的原因，而是结果，即meeting 使得alert 升级。根据上述分析

可以排除B、D 选项，B 项activated“激活，激起”，D 项“促使，引起”，此两项的选择都在讲alert 导致了meeting

的召开。而C 项followed 意思是“紧随，跟在……之后”，体现出after 的逻辑，完全满足本句rise 之后是meeting，

meeting 之后是alert 的逻辑，所以是正确项。而A 项proceeded“继续”，属不及物动词，不可接宾语，用法和逻辑

用在此处都不合适。

3．【答案】B

【解析】本题目应该关注并列连词and，从并列呼应来看：空格后的表达in Britain…对应前面的in Australia，

所以空格处rising _____ 应该对应a sharp rise in cases（“病例数的剧增”），因此空格处是“数量”的逻辑才对。A 项

digits“（阿拉伯）数字”，不表示数量，不能与rising 形成搭配；C 项amounts“数量”，常修饰不可数名词（此处指

的是cases，可数名词）；D 项sums“金额，款项”，不能用于表达“病例数”。B 项numbers “数量”，修饰可数名词（如：

large numbers of cases 大量的病例），符合题意。

4．【答案】A

【解析】此处句子开头的“But”是重要的逻辑线索，与上文意思（第二段）形成对比反差。上文的关键性表达

如“heightened alert”、“emergency meeting”和“a sharp rise in cases”都在讲述猪流感的严重性，所以根据But 和in

severity，可知空格处应该是“不严重或缓和”的逻辑。

5．【答案】A

【解析】But the epidemic is “moderate”in severity, ……5……patients experiencing …symptoms and …

recovery…，本句的划线部分是句子主干（主系表），逗号后面的表达是包含有逻辑主语patients 和逻辑谓语

experiencing 的独立主格结构（symptoms and …recovery 是逻辑宾语）。根据语法原理，只有介词with 才可以引导

独立主格，所以选A。再比如：She sat there, with tears streaming down her face. “她坐在那里，泪流满面”。

6．【答案】B

【解析】根据出处句中…in the of …这个搭配，可排除A、D 项，答案应该选B、C 项中的一个。

B 项in the absence of “缺乏，不存在”，例如The case was dismissed in the absence of any definite proof. “此案因缺乏

确凿证据不予受理”。C 项in the presence of 逻辑相反，意思是“存在……的情况下”，例如，The document was signed

in the presence of two witnesses. “本文件是在两位证人的见证下签署的”。

7．【答案】D

【解析】根据出处句中…come to global …这个搭配，可排除B、C 项，答案应该选A、D 项中的一个。

A 项come to reality 指“成为现实”；D 项come to notice 为“受到关注”。

8．【答案】C

【解析】an unusual large number of hospitalizations and deaths healthy adults，空格前意思“极其众多的

住院和死亡案例”，空格后意思“健康的成年人”不难看出，前者和后者是被包含与包含的逻辑关系，所以选C项among

“在……中”。

其他三个选项：A 项over “覆盖；超过”等；B 项for “对于；因为”等；D 项to “朝向；对于”等，均不能表

示“包含”的逻辑关系。

9．【答案】B

【解析】上文（本段首句）提到The outbreak came to global notice…“这场瘟疫的爆发引起了全球性关注”，接

着本句阐述说“不仅在墨西哥该病例让人很惊慌，而且它开始在纽约、美国西南部，以及世界各地开始出现”。所以，

此处空格应该是“出现”之意。

A 项stay up “熬夜”，C 项fill up “填满。装满”，D 项cover up “盖住；掩盖”，上述三项的意思无法体现所

需逻辑需要，而B 项crop up 的意思正是“突然出现，大量出现”，所以选B。10．【答案】A

【解析】…new cases seemed to fade ____ warmer weather arrived，本句中下划线部分是主干，斜体部分是状

语从句，空格处的连词选择取决于前后主从句的逻辑关系。不难看出从句部分“温暖天气的来临”自身有明显的时间

概念，所以可重点关注A、D 两项。A 项as“随着”，代入本句，逻辑是“随着天气转暖，新的病例似乎逐渐减少”，

没有任何瑕疵。D 项until “直到……时”，选本项有一个逻辑要求，即主句的谓语动词必须有“持续”之意，如He sat

there until I returned. “他坐在那，一直到我回来”，而此句主干部分的动词seemed to fade 不能表示这种“持续”，不能

说“新的病例似乎减少到天气转暖的时候”。B 项if“如果”和C 项unless “除非”均表示“假设或条件”，代入空格形成

完整句子的逻辑存在明显问题。

11．【答案】C

【解析】本句开头的But 提示本句和上文信息逻辑相反，上文讲“病例似乎逐渐减少”（fade），所以本句空

白处应该是意义相反的词义。

A 项excessive“过多的，过度的”，

B 项enormous“巨大的，庞大的”，

C 项significant “显著的，明显的”（注：

此处不应理解为“重要的，有意义的”），D 项magnificent “壮观的”，根据句意“官方报道说几乎每个州的流感发作

都很_____”，答案显然选C。

12．【答案】D

【解析】此处空白所填词义需满足两个条件：（1）与tested 构成动宾逻辑；（2）与the new swine flu 构成主

表逻辑。

A 项categories “（人或事物）种类，类别”，C 项patterns “模式，样式”，此两项含义显然不能满足上述逻

辑条件。B 项examples“例子”和D 项samples“样品，样本”相互干扰较大，这是因为两者形相似义相近（注：答案

常蕴含在这种关系的选项中）。但能符合上述条件（1）和（2），含义为“几乎所有检测的_______都是新的猪流感”

的只能是D 项。

13．【答案】D

【解析】从该句后半部分的“and caused more than 600 deaths…”可看出，空白处的动词应与后面的caused(“引

起”)是因果逻辑关系。此外，空白处的动词还与前面的it（指代“猪流感”）构成主谓逻辑

关系。

A 项imparted “告知；传授；给予”，例如：to impart news to the press “向新闻透露消息”。

B 项immersed“使

浸没”。例如：The child immersed his head in water. “这个孩子将脑袋没入了水中“；C 项injected “注射，打针”。此

三项显然无法满足上述的逻辑条件。D 项infected “感染，传染”和 C 项injected 形相近（注：答案常蕴含在这种关

系的选项中），并且满足“它已经感染了……并引起……”这样的逻辑条件，所以选D。14．【答案】A

【解析】根据for children 和from the national stockpile 两个介词短语的逻辑可知：children 是Tamiflu 的接受

者，而the national stockpile 是Tamiflu 的来源出处。此外，空白处动词需与Federal health officials 形成主谓逻辑，

同时和Tamiflu 形成动宾逻辑。

综上所述，A 项released “释放，发行”可引申为此句所需的逻辑“发放”以满足上述条件，即“联邦政府的卫

生官员从贮备中发放Tamiflu 疫苗给儿童”；B 项relayed“接替；转接”；C 项relieved“缓解”；D 项remained“依然是，

剩余”。此三项无法满足上述逻辑条件。

15．【答案】C

【解析】本句话中began to ______ orders from the states的动作发出者是Federal health officials，结合介词from，

它和the states 的逻辑关系应是“卫生部官员接受各州的订单”，而非“卫生部官员向各州下订单”，所以只能选C 项

taking。

16．【答案】B

【解析】下文信息（下句）More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009“到2009

年10 月初，300 多万剂新疫苗就能生产出来”，此句信息实际上是空白出处句的具体扩展，逻辑高度对应：The new

vaccine 对应More than three million doses, ahead of expectation 对应in early October 2009，所以is ______ 正好对应

were to be made available。

B 项available “可得到的，可获得的”，根据上述思路，它显然属于同词的复现呼应，是正确选项。A 项feasible

“可行的，合理的”，C 项reliable“可靠的”和D 项applicable“适用的”，不符合上下文同词复现的条件。

17．【答案】D

【解析】空格前面的指示代词those 是重要线索，指代上句more than three million doses,即上句中的the new

vaccine，所以空格处所填词汇应该和new 是同义词。

D 项initial“最初的，开始的”，和new 属于同义词，显然属于同义词复现呼应，是正确项。A 项prevalent“流

行的，盛行的”，B 项principal“主要的”和C 项innovative“革新的”，不符合上下文同

词复现的条件。

18．【答案】C

【解析】下文信息（下句）的But 是重要的逻辑线索（But it was still possible to …），根据此处的still possible

可知：空格处的逻辑应和possible（此处理解为“可行的”）是同义词关系。C 项recommended “被推荐的”显然和

possible“可行的”属于同义词的复现呼应。

19．【答案】A

【解析】应该关注本句中的并列连词or。根据出处信息…those (with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several

other _ 19___)中的or 和other 可知：difficulties、disease 和空格词汇属近义词关系。

A 项problems“问题”，此词的含义具有一定的宽泛性（即概括性），不仅在逻辑上包含difficulties 和disease，

又与它们属于近义词的复现呼应，所以是正确答案。B 项issues “问题”，但仅指争论的问题，如“议题”；C 项agonies

和D 项sufferings 都表示“痛苦”，根据四选一的原则，两项应属被排除的对象。20．【答案】B

【解析】根据出处句信息的and 可知：health care workers, people 20 infants 和healthy young people 是

并列关系，因此三者属近义的逻辑。再根据前面的care，以及常用到的同义词复现呼应原理，可知应该选B 项caring

for“照顾，照料”。

三、全文翻译

猪流感首先在墨西哥被发现，2009 年 6 月11 日它的爆发被宣布为全球性瘟疫。这是世界卫生组织41 年来指

定的第一次世界性瘟疫。

澳大利亚病例数的急剧增加以及英国、日本、智利和其他地方患病人数的不断增加使得流感专家齐聚日内瓦。

在此紧急会议之后，各地的警戒级别也进一步提高。

但是，在该组织总干事Margaret Chan 看来，这场瘟疫就严重度而言只是“温和”的，因为绝大多数患者只有轻

微的症状，即使在没有任何医疗的情况下往往也会痊愈。

直到2009 年4 月末，该瘟疫的爆发才引起全球性的关注。当时，墨西哥政府注意到在健康的成年人中住院和

死亡的人数非同寻常。随着墨西哥城很多地方在极度恐慌中大门紧闭，纽约、美国西南部以及世界各地也都开始出

现同样病例。

在美国，随着天气转暖，新的病例数似乎逐渐减少。但是在2009 年9 月末，官方报道却说几乎每个州的流感

发作都很显著，并且几乎所有的检测样本都是新的猪流感（也被称为H1N1），而非季节性流感。在美国，已有100

多万人感染了此种瘟疫，导致600 多人死亡和6000 多人住院治疗。

联邦政府的卫生官员从国家贮备中拨出Tamiflu 疫苗发放给儿童，并开始接受来自各州的有关新猪流感疫苗的

订单。这种新疫苗不同于年度流感疫苗，它的投入使用时间比人们期待的还早。到2009 年10 月初，300 多万剂疫

苗就能生产出来。然而，那些最初的疫苗大多是喷鼻型疫苗，不适合孕妇、50 岁以上人群、呼吸障碍患者、心脏

病患者以及患有其他病症的人群。但是对其他高危人群接种该疫苗仍是可行的，如医护工作者、儿童护理人员以及

健康的年轻人。

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Text 1

一、文章题材结构分析

本文主要就米恩·赫斯特的作品大卖后，艺术品市场出现的持续衰退现象进行了讨论。文章第一段介绍了持续

一个世纪的牛市结束了，其标志是赫斯特的56 部作品的出售。第二段回顾了自2003 年以来艺术品市场的走势情况，

即经历了持续的上升期后，艺术品市场的势头大减。第三段对低迷的艺术品市场进行了详细的例示。第四段指出尽

管当前的艺术品市场状况糟糕，但佳士得的总裁对市场的复苏仍然充满信心。第五段指出这次衰退与以往的情况不

同，市场中缺的不是买家，而是吸引买家的好的艺术品，许多买家都在等待合适的时机再次进入艺术品市场。

二、试题解析

21.【答案】D

【解析】根据“In the first paragraph”和信号词“a last victory”可回文定位到首段倒数第二句“It was a last

victory”。答案应该在首段的尾句中寻找：As the auctioneer called out bids, ...Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.“就

在拍卖师喊出报价时，……雷曼兄弟申请破产”。该句中提到的银行破产与 D 项中的“金融危机”相吻合。题干中的“a

last victory”显而易见是指金融危机前的最后一次成功的拍卖，所以D 项为正确答案。

A 项“艺术品市场经历了一系列的成功的交易”，

B 项“拍卖人最终以高价得到了两件作品”和

C 项“‘我脑海中永

存的美丽’赢了所有大作”在文章中都没有提到，均属无中生有。

22.【答案】A

【解析】根据“Line 1-2，Para. 3”和信号词“spending…became deeply unfashionable”可回文定位到第三段首句“In

the weeks and months…, spending…became deeply unfashionable”。鉴于本题是句子推断题，所以思路应该是关注定

位信息的上下文，而此题的信息定位是段首句，因此应优先关注段内的下文信息，“In the art world that meant

collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms.”“在艺术品领域，这意味着艺术家远离了画廊和销售店”。很显然，

这指的是收藏家不再花钱购买艺术品了，即他们不再参与艺术品市场的拍卖了，所以D 项为正确答案。

B 项的people 和every kind of spending 表达的逻辑范围过大，有绝对化的味道。C、D 两项逻辑意思相近，都

是说“艺术品不再时尚”，文章没有提及所以均应排除。

23.【答案】B

【解析】本题是事实细节题，这种题，题干往往缺乏信号词，所以需要对选项一一回文定位，加以对照和判断。

B 项的最强烈信号莫过于momentum，此词可回文定位到第二段的首句：The world art market had already been losing

momentum…，但无论此句还是文章其他部分都没有提及“surpassed many other industries”，所以此项为无中生有的

错误项，所以B 项为正确答案。

A 项可回文定位到第二段的二、三句：At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $ 65 billion…Since then it may have

come down to $50 billion. 所以A 项正确。C 项可回文定位到第三段首句：…spending of any sort became deeply

unfashionable，此句中的spending = the art market，of any sort = generally 和in various ways，became deeply

unfashionable = went downward，所以C 项正确。D 项可回文定位到尾段尾句：But anyone who…is keeping away,

waiting for confidence to return, 所以D 项正确。

24.【答案】C

【解析】根据“the last paragraph”和信号词“the three Ds”可回文定位到尾段倒数第二句：The three Ds—death, debt

and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market. “三D 因素——死亡、债务、和离婚——依然会把艺术品推向市

场。”词汇推断题的思路是跳出词汇本身，依据其前后信息的综合分析找到线索。3Ds 紧随其后的谓语部分是“still

deliver works of art to the market”与C 项的逻辑精确对应，所以C 项正确。

A 项中的auction houses’favorites 和

B 项中的contemporary trends 在文章均未提到，属于无中生有干扰项。D

项中的Impressionists 出自第四段句首，但与本选项毫无关系，故此项亦属于无中生有项。

25.【答案】C

【解析】主旨题的思路是对整篇文章的高度概括，考生可将各段的首句信息做综合处理。这篇文章的每一段的第

一句几乎都有“art market”这个词，即“艺术品市场”，而且通过文章的阅读，我们很容易抓住艺术品市场不景气这一

主旨，因此C 项正确。

A 项“艺术品价格的波动”和

B 项“最新的艺术品拍卖”包含的内容太少，没有从整体上概括全文。D 项“对文

科兴趣的转向”则有些混淆视听的效果。Arts 一词可以指学科类别中的文科门类，也可以与定冠词一起泛指艺术。

三、全文翻译

在2008 年9 月15 日伦敦苏富比拍卖行举行的“我内心的美丽永存”拍卖会上，Demien Hirst 的56 件作品成功出

售，随着这些作品的出售，艺术品市场一个世纪以来最长的牛市戏剧性的落幕了。所有作品中只有两件没有售出，

销售额超过7000 万英镑，创造了单个艺术家的拍卖纪录。这是最后的胜利。因为，就在拍卖师喊出报价时，纽约

华尔街上历史最悠久的银行之一雷曼兄弟申请破产。

世界艺术品市场在经历了自2003 年起的急剧上升后，一段时间以来其发展势头已经开始走下坡路。Clare

McAndew 是一家名叫Arts Economics 研究公司的创始人，他估计，在2007 年的高峰期世界艺术品市场的价值约

为650 亿美元，是五年前的两倍。从那时起，艺术品市场的价值就开始下滑至500 亿。但艺术品市场产生的利益远

远超出它本身的规模，因为它汇集了巨大的财富、膨胀的自我、贪婪、激情和争议。其方式几乎没有哪个产业能与

之相提并论。

在Hirst 作品拍卖后的几个星期和几个月里，任何此类的投资都变得很不合时宜。在艺术品领域，这意味着收

藏家远离了画廊和销售店。当代艺术品的销售额下降了三分之二，而在最热门的领域，那一年的销售额截至到2008

年11 月份下跌了近90%。几周之内，世界上两家最大的拍卖行，苏富比和佳士得，不得不支付近两亿美元给早已

把作品交给他们出售的客户，以作为担保费用。

当前艺术品市场的下滑是自1989 年底日本停止购买印象派作品以来最糟糕的一次。这一次，专家估计平均价

位相对峰值下降了大约40%，尽管有些价格波动的幅度更大。但佳士得的首席执行官Edward Dolman 说：“我们现

在已经处于低谷，对此我深信不疑。”

他指出，与上一次暴跌不同的是目前市场上仍存在买家。几乎每位接受这个特别报道采访的人都说，当前最大

的问题不是缺乏需求，而是没有好的作品销售。三D 因素——death（死亡）、debt（债务）和divorce（离婚）——

依然会把艺术品推向市场。但那些不必卖他们作品的人就一直远离着市场，等待信心的回归。Text 2

一、文章题材结构分析

本文主要讨论的是美国家庭中夫妻沟通的问题，即缺乏沟通会危害到婚姻。文章第一段讲述了一个例子，导出

了本文话题：在公共场合，美国男子说话往往比妻子多，但在家里，他们说的特别少。第二、三段讲述了男性这一

行为对婚姻的影响。第四段重点分析女性的心理，尤其是对家庭沟通的期待。最后一段用一幅漫画的内容再次重申

了本文的主题，即两性沟通上的危机。

二、试题解析

26.【答案】A

【解析】根据题干信号词“most wives’main expectation of their husbands”可回文定位到第四段尾句：…most wives

2018年考研英语二真题与答案解析

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