高一新世纪 U3

Module Two Language Learning

Unit 3 FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING

知识要点：

1．重点词汇：

offend, avoid, attempt, occupy, create, fairly, imply, respectful, put emphasis on, change with the times

2．重点句型：

(l)As society changes, so does our language.

(2)So people do change with the times.

3．重点语法：

The Gerund （Ⅱ）

Passive Form & Negative Form

知识精讲：

Vocabulary and Patterns

1.offend v.冒犯，得罪，使．．．不愉快

e. g. She was offended with her husband.

offence n. 犯罪，冒犯，违反，罪过

offensive adj. 讨厌的，无礼的，攻击性的

2. avoid n．避免，消除

avoid + n. /avoid + doing sth.

e. g. France and the United Kingdom, hoping to avoid war, allowed Nazi Germany

ｔｏtake over parts of Czechoslovakia.

Cleaver fled the United States to avoid returning to prison.

3. prefer v. 宁愿，更喜欢(preferred, preferred)

prefer to do A rather than do B

prefer doing A to doing B

prefer A to B

e. g. He prefers to stay at home watching TV rather than go to the cinema.

He prefers walking to jogging.

I prefer green tea to black tea.

4. put emphasis on 注重，着重于

e. g. CBS and NBC put emphasis on their own news sources.

5. in the past 在过去

e. g. In the past, women didn't have the right to vote.

【比较】in the past +一段时间

e. g. Shanghai has undergone great changes in the past two decades.

6. include ｖ．包括

e. g. The list included most of the things Tom loves.

【比较】contain, involve

(1) contain包含

e. g. A molecule can contain atoms of the same element or atoms of different elements.

(2) involve 涉及

involve sth. /doing sth. be/get involved in sth.

e. g. All the children were involved in the play.

7. attempt n.

（１）试图，企图

e. g. She made an attempt to cook the dinner.

e. g. As the workers refused to stop working, the police attempted to seize the pneumatic drill.

8. occupy v.

(1) 占有，占领

e.g. Soccer occupies most of my leisure hours.

(2) occupy oneself in doing sth. /with sth. =be busy doing/with sth.

e. g. If you don't want your kid to bother you, find something to keep him occupied with. occupied：in use adj.在使用中

e. g. Is this seat occupied?

I'm fully occupied today.

9. replace,( = take the place of) 取代，放回原处

e．g. We've replaced it with a computer.

When you have finished using the axe, please replace it.

【比较】replace A with B / substitute B for Ai

e. g. We must substitute a new chair for the broken one.

We must replace the broken chair with a new one.

substitute vi. 替代

e.g. Only art can substitute for nature.

10.create v.创造，创作，引起，造成

e. g. According to this story, the universe was created by God's command.

Students often create amusing situations which are funny to everyone except the victims.

【记一记】creative adj. 创造性的creation n. 创造creativity n. 创造力

11. fairly adv. 相当的，相当

e. g. He treated his friends to a fairly good dinner before he left Shanghai.

【比较】rather

rather 可以与too或者比较级连用，而fairly则不行。

e.g. She plays the piano fairly well. 她钢琴弹得相当不错。

This car is fairly big. That car is rather bigger than this one.

12. imply v. 暗示，意味着

e. g. Silence sometimes implies consent.

The teacher's smile implied that she had forgiven me.

implication n. 牵连，含意，暗示

13. respectful adj. 恭敬的，尊敬的，尊重人的，有礼貌的

e. g. The crowd stood in respectful silence as the funeral procession went by.

【比较】respectable, respective

(1) respectable adj. 可敬的额，有名望的，高尚的，值得尊敬的

e. g. We often read in novels how a seemingly respectable person or family has some terrible secret.

(2) respective adj.分别的，各自的

e, g. After the meal, they returned to their respective homes.

14. oblige vt. 迫使，责成

be obliged to do sth. 被迫做某事

e. g. He had been obliged to join the army during the Second World War.

be (much) obliged to sb.感激某人

e. g. Please let me know to whom I am so much obliged.

15.As society changes, so does our language.

= As society changes, our language changes with the society.

"...so does our language" 为倒装句，把副词so放在句首，表示前面所说的情况，也适合另一人或物。

So + be ( have, 助动词或者情态动词) +主语

e.g. Tom can speak French. So can Jack..

Neither + be ( have, 助动词或者情态动词) +主语

e. g. If you won't go. neither will I.

16. So people do change with the times.

(l)"do"在此用以强调动词“change”，翻译成中文为“的确”

e. g. Do come to see me when you are in Shanghai.

(2) change with the times: "times" 为“时代”

e. g. Even old-style teahouses have to change with the times.

【单项练习】

Ⅰ.Multiple choice.

( )1. Music is a(n) ________ to express emotions that are beyond speech.

A. emphasis

B. attempt

C. creation

D. structure ( )2. I hope she hasn't ________you.

A. attempted

B. implied

C. offended

D. waited

( )3. I crossed the street to________ meeting him.

A. avoid

B. expect

C. prefer

D. include

( )4. An aeroplane ______you an unusual and breathtaking view of the world.

A. supplies

B. expects

C. offers

D. includes

( )5. As the boy ________his mother's advice, he avoided a mistake.

A. depended on

B. followed in

C. acted on

D. created ( )6. He prefers _____to work rather than________.

A. to walk; to drive

B. to walk; drive

C. walking; to drive

D. to walk; driving

( )7. People _____ have much to eat in the past.

A. don’t

B. didn't

C. hadn't done

D. haven't done ( )8. He put particular _________on helping patients recover memories.

A. emphasis

B. force

C. attempt

D. action ( )9. He has bought many new books recently ________this one.

A. contain

B. include

C. containing

D. including ( )10. The _________outside the house said “Private”.

A. bill

B. signal

C. notice

D. symbol ( )11.I prefer _________at home to ________ outside.

A. staying; play

B. to stay; play

C. staying; playing

D. to stay; to play ( )12. Food particles, along with the moistness,_________ an ideal environment for bacterial growth.

A. creates

B. create

C. invents

D. invent

( )13. Many anxieties________ my mind.

A. took

B. occupied C conquered D. occurred ( )14. Young as he is, he doesn't ________playing hall games.

A. look like

B. want

C. allow

D. feel like

( )15. In the early morning, the food that had been laid out for the dead is thrown into

a river or into the sea as it is________ unlucky for anyone living to eat it.

A. considered

B. supposed

C. thought

D. regarded

( )16. Which of the following is________, but not directly stated?

A. implied

B. inferred

C. concluded

D. included

( )17. He stood at a _________distance when his boss asked him to go closer.

A, respectable B. respect C. respectful D. respective

( ) 18. If you don't_________, y ou’ll be left behind.

A. change with the times

B. change times

C change the times D. change with times

( )19. In some countries, the young are _________to join in the army.

A. obliged

B. forced

C. made

D. had

( )20. —Would you like to come to dinner tonight?

—I'd like tot _________I'm too busy.

A. and

B. so

C. as

D. but

Ⅱ. Complete each of the following sentences with a word or phrase in its proper form.

1. _______________ the ideal and the Practical in Western civilization have been sharply divided.

2. You know your neighbors so well that you can help them out without__________ their pride.

3. The old lady came up and asked whether the seat ____________ .

4. No judgment from outside can __________the judgment from within .

5.1 went across the street __________meeting him.

6. They said they were much ________to Antony for acting his tragic parts at Rome.

7. The platforms __________to a depth of over 100 feet under the sea.

8. He __________a large number of funny stories in the speech.

9. Universally, women___________ husbands older than themselves; but there was not a single society in which men wanted older wives.

10. _____________________ entering the family business, Kafka decided to go to a university.

Ⅲ. Translate the following into English with the words or phrases given.

1.我并没有冒犯你。(offend )

_______________________________________________________________ .

2.他跳下火车，逃避抓捕。( avoid )

________________________________________________________________ .

3.Tom在忙着写论文。（occupy）

________________________________________________________________ .

4.教练用姚明把他换下了。（replace）

________________________________________________________________ .

5.他这样说是什么意思。（imply）

_________________________________________________________________ .

Grammar 动名词的被动

1.动名词的被动形式是being + 过去分词，它表示的动作与其逻辑主语成被动关系。

E.g. I don’t like being told what to do .

翻译：___________________________________________________。

The students was proud of his composition being praised by the teacher.

翻译：____________________________________________ 。

2．动名词的否定形式是not + 动名词

e.g. I regret not seeing him.

Ⅰ. Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the given verbs.

1.1 regret ___________(tell) him the news, which made him upset.

2. The actress wore dark glass_________ (avoid) _____________________ (recognize).

3. It's no use_________ (try) ________(persuade) him. He won't listen.

4. This device is used_________ (heat) the drinking water.

5. You can choose from the answers __________ (print) on the paper,

6. The population of that area______________________________ (increase) greatly these years.

7. They spent all their money_________ (look) for their_________(miss) child.

8.1 remember______________________(not lock) the door when I left the office.

9. Have you made up your mind ________(go) with us?

10.The book is worth __________ (read) many times.

Ⅱ. Put the following into English using a gerund in each of the sentence.

1.没人能逃避广告的影响。

__________________________________________________________________

2.他的衬衫需要熨烫。

_________________________________________________________________

3.他没被邀请就来了。

__________________________________________________________________

4.面试后，他得到了工作。

_________________________________________________________________

5.没告诉他事实的真相，我很后悔。

_________________________________________________________________

keys:

Module Two Language Learning

Unit 3 FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING

Vocabulary and Patterns

I . Multiple Choice

l.B 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. B 7. B

8. A 9. D 10. C 11. C 12. B 13. B 14. D 15. A 16. A 17. C 18. A 19. A 20. D

Complete each of the following sentences with a word or phrase in its proper form

1. In the past

2. offending

3. was occupied

4. replace

5. to avoid

6. obliged

7. extend

8. included

9. preferred 10. Instead of

III. Translate the following into English with the words or phrases given

1.Ididn't mean to offend you.

2. He jumped off the train to avoid being caught.

3. Tom is occupied in writing an essay.

4. The coach replaced him with Yao Ming.

5. What did he imply by saying so?

Grammar

I . Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the given verbs

1. telling

2. to avoid; being recognized

3. trying; to persuade

4. to heat

5. printed

6. is increasing/has been increasing

7. looking; missing

8. not locking/not having locked 9. to go 10. reading

I] . Put the following into English using a gerund in each of the sentences

1. No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements.

2. Your shirt needs ironing.

3. He came without being invited.

4. After being interviewed, he was offered the job.

5. I regret not telling him the truth.

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