复习题
American Realism
I.Fill in the blanks.
1.Realism had originated in the country ________ as a literary
doctrine that called for "reality and truth" in the depiction of ordinary life.
2.The arbiter of nineteenth century literary realism in America
was_______________ .
3.____________ probed deeply at the individual psychology of his
characters, writing in a rich and intricate style that supported his
intense scrutiny of complex human experience.
4.__________ , breaking out of the narrow limits of local color fiction,
described the breadth of American experience as no one had ever
done before, or since.
5.__________ had an evident influence on naturalism. It seemed to
stress the animality of man, to suggest that he was dominated by the irresistible forces of evolution.
6.The poetic style Walt Whitman devised is now called __________ ,
that is poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.
7.In his cluster of poems called Leaves of Grass, _______ gave
America its first genuine epic poem.
8.There is no doubt that the solitary Emily Dickinson of _________ ,
Massachusetts , is a poet of great power and beauty.
9.There was only one female prose writer in the nineteenth century.
That was________
10.Harriet Beecher Stowe' s masterpiece is_____________ .
11.Samuel Langhorne Clemens is better known by the pen
name______________ .
12.One of Samuel Langhorne Clemens' best books_____________ is
built around his experiences as a steamboat pilot.
13.The result of Mark Twain' s European trip was a series of newspaper
articles, later published as a book called____________ .
14.__________ was the first literary giant born west of the Mississippi.
15.Mark Twain's work__________ tells of the visits of an angel to the
village of Eseldorf in Austria in 1590.
16.William Sidney Porter, whose pen name was_________ , was the
author of The Cop and the Anthem.
17.Many of O. Henry's stories tell about the life of poor people
in_______________ .
18.0. Henry sympathized with the poor's lot and hated those rich who
exploited and despised them. This is especially seen in his story
entitled_____________ .
19.It is said that O. Henry imitated a French author named
______________ as a model, and there is indeed much in common between these two writers.
20.The title of one of O. Henry' s books_____________ indicates that he
considered all the people of New York City worth writing about,
instead of only the upper class.
21.Henry James' first novel is___________ , which failed to make him
famous.
22.The novel which was described by an American critic as "an outrage
to American girlhood" is Henry James' ___________ .
23.Henry James' first important fiction was___________ , in which he
took up for the first time the theme of The American in Europe.
24.In 1881, Henry James published his novel _____________ , which is
generally considered as his masterpiece.
25.__________ is considered the founder of Psychological realism. He
believed that reality lies in the impressions made by life on the
spectator.
26.The name of the heroine in The Portrait of a Lady is __________ .
27.In 1902 Jack London published his first novel____________ .
28.__________ is the novel into which Jack London put most of himself.
29.The first novel of Theodore Dreiser was____________ .
30.The identification of potency with money is at the heart of Theodore
Dreiser's masterpiece__________ .
31.The protagoniswof Theodore Dreiser's Trilogy of Desire is ______ .
32.Theodore Dreiser visited the Soviet Union in 1927 and
published______________ the following year.
33.Theodore Dreiser's novel____________ , a commercial and critical
failure when first published in 1900, was reissued in 1907 and won high praise for its grim, naturalistic portrayal of American society. 34.Mark Twain' s first novel, ___________ was an artistic failure, but it
gave its name to the America of the postbellum period which it
attempts to satirize.
35.Three years' life on the Mississippi left such a fond memory with
Mark Twain that he returned to the theme more than once in his
writing career. His book_____ relates it in a vivid, moving way.
36.______was Mark Twain' s masterpiece from which, as Hemingway
noted, "all modern American literature comes. "
37.The best work that Mark Twain ever produced is______________ ,
which was a success from its first publication in 1884, and has always been regarded as one of the great books of western literature and
western civilization.
38.__________ is the pioneer who wrote in the naturalistic tradition.
39.Stephen Crane' s novel___________ relates the story of a good
woman' s down fall and destruction in a slum environment.
40.War in the novel ___________ by Stephen Crane is a plain
slaughter-house. There is nothing like valor or heroism on the
battlefield, and if there is anything , it is the fear of death, cowardice, the natural instinct of man to run from danger.
41.Benjamin Frank Norris' s novel__________ has been called "the first
full-bodied naturalistic American novel" and "a consciously
naturalistic manifesto".
42.Jack London's masterwork___________ is somewhat
autobiographical.
43.O. Henry's___________ is a very moving story of a young couple
who sell their best possessions in order to get money for a Christmas present for each other.
II. Decide whether the statements are true or false.
1.In the latter half of the nineteenth century, women somewhat
became the nation ' s dominant culture force.
2.In the late nineteenth century, although Americans continued to
read the works of Washington Irving, James Fenimore Cooper,
Nathaniel Hawthorne and Edgar Allan Poe, the great age
ofAmerican romanticism had ended.
3.Earlier in the nineteenth century, James Fenimore Cooper had
insisted on the author's right to present an idealized and poetic
portrait of life, to avoid representations of "squalid misery".
4.By the last quarter of the nineteenth century, the realists rejected the
portray al of idealized characters and events*
5.The American realists sought to describe the wide range of
American experience and to present the subtleties of human
personality.
6.After the Civil War, the Frontier was closing. Disillusionment and
frustration were widely felt. What had been expected to be a
"Golden Age" turned to be a "Gilded" one.
7.By the 1870s New England Renaissance had waned. The age of
Romanticism and Transcendentalism was by and large over. The
age of realism had arrived.
8.As a literary movement, realism came in the latter half of the
nineteenth century, as a reaction against the "lie" of romanticism.
9.Mark Twain had, as his aim of writing, the soul, the life and the
speech of the people in mind.
10.As a critic of eminent standing and as a prolific writer, Mark Twain
helped to mould public taste and became the champion of literary realism in America.
11.Placed in historical perspective, William Dean Howells is found
lacking in qualities and depth. But anyhow he is a literary figure
worthy of notice.
12.Mark Twain' s later works unmistakably showed his change from an
optimist and humorist to an almost despairing determinist.
13.Life on the Mississippi was such a truthful description that William
Dean Howells felt that he could taste "the mud" in it.
14.Tom Sawyer walked out of Twain' s pages directly from his fresh
memory of his boyhood in the west.
15.Mark Twain should be remembered both as a great literary artist
and a great social critic in the history of the U. S.
16.Stephen Crane died of tuberculosis in Germany at the age of 28.
17.William Dean Howells' s The Rise of Silas Lapham is a fine
specimen of American realistic writing.
18.The bulk of America's literary realism was limited to optimistic
treatment of the surface of life.
19.The greatest of America's realists, such as Henry James and Mark
Twain, moved well beyond a superficial portrayal of
nineteenth-century America.
20.American naturalism, like realism, had come from Europe.
21.The triumph of realism, even in the twentieth century did bring an
absolute end to the romanticism.
22.Most of the poems in Leaves of Grass are about man and nature.
23.While working for the Virginia City Enterprise, Samuel Langhorne
Clemens adopted the pseudonym "Mark Twain", the cry of a
boatman taking soundings, and meaning two fathoms.
24.Mark Twain' s last writings revealed the deep grief his personal
losses had caused him and reflected the deep cynicism and
disillusionment with his world.
25.Many of O. Henry' s stories contain a lot of slang and colloquial
expressions, just like his own speech.
26.Henry James was not only one of the most important realists of the
period before the First World War, but also one of the most expert stylists of his time.
27.In subject matter, Henry James began as a realist and ended as a
psychological novelist.
28.Henry James was a realist in the same way as one views the realism
of Mark Twain or William Dean Howells.
29.Henry James did not think that art or literature ought to have a
moral function.
30.If Henry James was a realist, he was a realist of spirit.
31.Henry James was a pioneer in utilizing psychological devices which
communicated a more intense realization of character and situation.
32.Henry James' greatest influence was exerted not on his own age but
on the one that followed.
33.Generally speaking, Jack London was much more interested in
ideas than Stephen Crane and less sentimental than Benjamin Frank
Norris.
34.Jack London was usually considered as a naturalist by literary
historians.
35.Theodore Dreiser is half socialist and half cosmological pessimist.
36.The protagonist of An American Tragedy, produced by Theodore
Dreiser, is Eugene Witla.
37.Sister Carrie is generally regarded as Theodore Dreiser's
masterpiece.
38.Hurstwood is a character in Theodore Dreiser's Sister Carrie.
III. Make multiple choices.
1. In the late 19th century, a host of new writers appeared, among them were _____.
A. Bret Harte
B. William Dean Howells
C. Hamlin Garland
D. Mark Twain
2. Influenced by such Europeans as___________ , America's most noteworthy new authors established a literature of realism.
A. Zola
B. Flaubert
C. Balzac
D. Tolstoy
3. William Dean Howells defined realism as "nothing more and nothing less than the truthful treatment of material" , and he best exemplified his theories in three novels. Choose them from the following.
A. The Modem Instance
B. The Rise of Silas Laphan
C. A Hazard of New Fortunes
D. The Prince and the Pauper
4. Mark Twain created, in____________ , a masterpiece of American realism that is also one of the great books of world literature.
A. Huckleberry Finn
B. Tom Sawyer
C. The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg
D. The Gilded Age
5. The pessimism and deterministic ideas of naturalism pervaded the works of such American writers as___________ .
A. Stephen Crane
B. Benjamin Frank Norris
C. Jack London
D. Henry James
E. Theodore Dreiser
6. Although realism and naturalism were products of the nineteenth century, their final triumph came in the twentieth century, with the popular and critical successes of such writers as___________ .
A. Edwin Arlington Robinson
B. Willa Cather
C. Sherwood Anderson
D. Robert Frost
E. William Faulkner
7. American literature produced only one female poet during the nineteenth century. This was _____.
A. Anne Bradstreet
B. Jane Austen
C. Emily Dickinson
D. Harriet Beecher
8. Choose the works written by Mark Twain.
A. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
B. Innocents Abroad
C. Life on the Mississippi
D. The Tragedy of Pudd' nhead Wilson
E. The Prince and the Pauper
9. The publication of the novel____________ stirred a great nation to its depths and hurried on a great war.
A. My Bondage and My Freedom
B. Stanzas on Freedom
C. Voices of Freedom
D. Uncle Tom' s Cabin
10. Mark Twain had led an active life in the very center of the American experience. He had been a____________ .
A. printer, pilot, soldier
B. silver-minor, gold-washer
C. lecturer, traveler, businessman
D. novelist, autobiographer
11. Which statements about O. Henry are right?
A. He wrote about the poor people.
B. His stories are usually short and humorous.
C. The plots of his stories are exceedingly clever and interesting.
D. The ends of his stories are always surprising.
E. Many of his stories contain a great deal of slang and colloquial expressions.
12. Where Mark Twain and William Dean Howells satirized European manners at times, __________ was an admirer.
A. O. Henry
B. Henry James
C. Walt Whitman
D. Jack London
13. Choose the well-known short stories written by William Sidney Porter.
A. The Gift of the Magi
B. An Unfinished Story
C. The Furnished Room
D. The Voice of the City
E. The Cop and the Anthem
14. Choose the novels written by Henry James.
A. The American
B. Daisy Miller
C. The Portrait of a Lady
D. The Tragic Muse
E. The Golden Bowl
15. Choose the novel which is not written by Henry James.
A. The Ambassadors
B. The Wings of the Dove
C. The Bostonians
D. The Princess Casamassima
E. The Mysterious Stranger
14. Jack London' s sincere intellectual and personal involvement in the socialist movement is recorded in such novels and polemical works
as_____________ .
A. The People of the Abyss
B. The Iron Heel
C. Revolution
D. The War of the Classes
17. While embracing the socialism of Marx, London also believed in the triumph of the strongest individuals. This contradiction is most vividly projected in the patently autobiographical novel___________ .
A. The Call of the Wild
B. The Sea Wolf
C. Martin Eden
D. The Iron Heel
18. In 1900, London published his first collection of short stories, named___________
A. The Son of the Wolf
B. The Sea Wolf
C. The Law of Life
D. White Fang
19.Dreiser's Trilogy of Desire includes three novels. Find them from the following.
A. The Financier
B. The Titan
C. The Genius
D. The Stoic
E. Jannie Gerhardt
20. "The Lure of the Spirit; The Flesh in Pursuit" is the title of one chapter in Dreiser's novel___________ .
A. An American Tragedy
B. Sister Carrie
C. Dreiser Looks at Russia
D. Jannie Gerhardt
21. The main theme of___________ The Art of Fiction reveals his literary credo that representation of life should be the main object of the novel.
A. Henry James'
B. William Dean Howells'
C. Mark Twain's
D. O. Henry's
22. With William Dean Howells, James, and Mark Twain active on the scene, _______ became the major trend in the seventies and eighties of the nineteenth century.
A. sentimentalism
B. romanticism
C. realism
D. naturalism
23. Choose the three staunch advocates of nineteenth-century American realism.
A. Mark Twain
B. Henry James
C. William Dean Howells
D. Jack London
24. Choose the works which contain bitter attacks on the human race.
A. A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court
B. The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg
C. The Mysterious Stranger
D. The Autobiography
25. Mark Twain was a great social critic and a friend of the Chinese. His Disgraceful Percecution of a Boy is a scathing piece of criticism directed against the per secution of the___________ immigrants in California.
A. Quakers
B. Chinese
C. French
D. Japanese
26. Mark Twain stood on the side of China in its struggle against foreign invasions. His___________ and___________ are two notable examples of his vigorous at tacks on the imperialist behavior of the United
States_____________ .
A. The Treaty with China
B. To the Person Sitting in Darkness
C. Disgraceful Persecution of a Boy
D. Goldsmith' s Friend Abroad Again
27. Stephen Crane's best short stories include _________,
_________, all reinforcing the basic Crane motif of environment and heredity overwhelming man.
A. Open Boat
B. The Blue Hotel
C. An Experiment in Misery
D. The Red Badge of Courage
28. Which writers have naturalist tendency?
A. Stephen Crane
B. Benjamin Frank Norris
C. Theodore Dreiser
D. Edwin Arlington Robinson
29. Theodore Dreiser was left-oriented in his views. He visited Russia and wrote and _________ to express his new faith, and shortly before his death, he joined the Communist Party.
A. Dreiser Looks at Russia
B. Tragic America
C. An American Tragedy
D. The Titan
30. Choose Jack London' s works from the following.
A. The Call of the Wild
B. White Fang
C. The Sea Wolf
D. Martin Eden
American Modernism
I. Fill in the blanks.
1.__________ stands as a great dividing line between the nineteenth
century and the contemporary American literature.
2.American writers of the first postwar era self-consciously
acknowledged that they were a "__________ " , devoid of faith and
alienated from a civilization.
3.The most significant American poem of the twentieth century
was_____________ .
4.The publication of The Waste Land, written by____________ ,
helped to establish a modern tradition of literature rich with learning
and allusive thought.
5.In 1920, Sinclair Lewis published his memorable denunciation of
American small-town provincialism in___________ .
6. F. Scott Fitzgerald summarized the experiences and attitudes of the
1920s decade in his masterpiece novel___________ .
7.The__________ of the 1930s greatly weakened the American nation's
self-confidence.
8.An American woman writer named ____________ who had lived in
Paris since 1903, welcomed the young expatriates to her literary salon, and gave them a name "the Lost Generation".
9._____ wrote about the disintegration of the old social system in the
American Southern States, and its effect on the lives of modern
people, both black and white.
10.Ezra Pound was the leader of a new movement in poetry which he
called the "__________ " movement.
11.Ezra Pound's major work of poetry is the long poem
called______________ .
12.One of Edwin Arlington Robinson's early books, _____________ ,
once came to the attention of President Theodore Roosevelt.
13.Edwin Arlington Robinson produced a large body of works and was
honored with the___________ Prize in 1922, 1925 and 1928.
14.Robert Frost' s first book___________ brought him to the attention of
influential critics, such as Ezra Pound, who praised him as an
authentic poet.
15.Robert Frost's second volume of poems was______________ .
16."After Apple-Picking" is a well-known poem written by _______ .
17._________ , one of Robert Frost' s longest poems, is a very witty and
wise anecdotal discussion about the values of life and character.
18.At one time, Sandburg's reputation mainly rested on a multi-volume
biography of__________ including " The Prairie Years" and " The War Years".
19.Carl Sandburg' s love of folklore developed in time into a rather
modern tend ency to represent it in literature such as in
his___________ .
20.______ was successful in two fields of activity which did not seem
compatible with one another; he was a very successful businessman and a very remarkable contemporary poet at the same time.
21.At the age of 44, Wallace Stevens was finally persuaded to publish a
book of poems, entitled___________ .
22.__________ is a collection of Wallace Stevens' s occasional lectures
on poetry.
23.For the publication of his Collected Poems, ___________ received
the National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize.
24.After his death, Wallace Stevens's previously uncollected works
appeared under the title__________ .
25.In 1915, __________ published his Prufrock and Other
Observations.
26.In 1920, Thomas Stearns Eliot published his____________ ,
containing, among other essays, "Tradition and the Individual Talent", the earliest statement of his aesthetics.
27.In 1920, Thomas Stearns Eliot began to write his
masterpiece_______________ , one of the major works of modern literature.
28.As Thomas Stearns Eliot declared, he followed strictly the advice of
his close friend___________ in cutting and concentrating The Waste Land.
29.Thomas Stearns Eliot' s later poetry took a positive turn toward faith
in life. This was demonstrated by____________ , a poem of mystical conflict between faith and doubt.
30.In his work___________ , Thomas Stearns Eliot satirized the straw
men, the Guy Fawkles men, whose world would end "not with a bang, but a whimper. "
31.Few men of letters have been more fully honored in their own day
than_____________ , and even those who strongly disagree with him seemed content with his selection for the Nobel Prize in 1948.
32.Thomas Steams Eliot wrote seven plays, the best of which
is________________ , a verse play on an ancient historical subject, written in 1935.
33.Thomas Stearns Eliot's last important work was____________ , a
profound meditation on time and timelessness, written in four parts.
34.F. Scott Fitzgerald' s first novel____________ , with its portrayal of
casual dissipations of "flaming youth" , was an immediate
commercial success.
35.In 1925, F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote his best novel_____________ . It is
the story of an idealist who was destroyed by the influence of the
wealthy, pleasure-seeking people around him.
36.F. Scott Fitzgerald' s second novel______________ describes a
handsome young man and his beautiful wife, undoubtedly modelled after himself and Zelda.
37.The hero in F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel_____________ is a
psychiatrist who marries a rich patient. The author condemns the wasted energy of misguided youth.
38.F. Scott Fitzgerald's last novel_____________ remained unfinished.
39.With the publication of The Sun Also Rises, _____________ became
the spokes man for what Gertrude Stein had called "a Lost
Generation".
40.Emest Hemingway' s stature as a writer was confirmed with the
publication of his novel___________ in 1929. The novel portrayed a farewell both to war and to love.
41.Set in Spain during the Civil War, the novel_____________ stated
again Hemingway ' s view of love found and lost, and described the indomitable spirit of the common people.
42.In the story The Old Man and the Sea, Ernest Hemingway portrayed
an old fisherman named___________ , who shows triumphant even in defeat.
43.In 1954, Ernest Hemingway was awarded a_______________ for his
"mastery of the art of modem narration".
44.Numerous parallels exist between the events of Ernest Hemingway's
life and those of his characters, but fewer were closer than those of Richard Cantwell, the hero of the work _________ .
45.In 1952, Ernest Hemingway published a successful novel
entitled_____________ , which won the Pulitzer Prize in 1953 and occasioned the award of the Nobel Prize in 1954.
46.In the same way that F. Scott Fitzgerald' s Tales of the Jazz Age
became the symbol for an age, Ernest Hemingway' s novel ______ painted the image of a whole generation, the Lost Generation.
47.Ernest Hemingway' s___________ can be read as a footnote to The
Sun Also Rises in that it explains how people, like Jake Barnes, come to behave the way they do.
48.The Spanish war was conductive to Ernest Hemingway' s
writing_____________ , a play which was universally deplored.
49.___________ was the foremost novelist of the American Depression
of the 1930s.
50.In the short novel___________ , John Steinbeck portrayed the tragic
friendship between two migrant workers.
51.In the work___________ John Steinbeck described the fate of the
lowly whose instinctive responses to life led only to destruction.
52.__________ is generally regarded as John Steinbeck' s masterpiece.
53.In 1935, John Steinbeck published_____________ , a collection of
short stories which vividly described the life of poor
Mexican-Americans with affection and humor.
54.John Steinbeck' s post-war novel ______________ reflected his
bitter feelings against those greedy, rapacious elements of society
which made the war possible.
55.Quentin is a character in William Faulkner's novel____________ .
56.Joe Christmas is a character in William Faulkner's
novel____________ .
57.The works written by___________ may be viewed as a culmination
of the development of twentieth-century southern fiction.
58.Katherine Ann Porter's novel Ship of Fools consists of three parts,
____________, ________ and____________ .
59.In her essay "Place in Fiction" , Eudora Welty emphasizes the
importance of ________ for literary creations. She is noted for her
fidelity to the American South, so her major theme relate
to____________ .
60.Carson McCullers was said to touch William Faulkner in writing, and
her well-known novels are___________ and____________ .
61.One of the important figures in the 1930s who tried to adapt
European avantgardism to American writing is
62.The New Criticism first emerged in 1920s as a reaction against the
prevailing time-honored critical tendency to focus on the theme often in disregard of the form of the work. The name is given by John
Crowe Ransom' s collection of critical essays__________ .
II. Decide whether Hie statements are true or false.
1.In the years preceding World War I , nineteenth-century realism and
naturalism remained vital forces in American literature.
2.The best-selling American books in the first decades of the twentieth
century were historical romances.
3.Early in the twentieth-century, the growth of mass-circulation
periodicals created a rich marketplace for popular writers.
4.Early in the 20th century, a rising number of " little magazines"
brought numerous avant-garde writers to the attention of a limited but sophisticated audience.
5.The form and direction of modem American literature had clearly
begun to emerge in the first decade of the 20th century.
6.For the U. S. , the First World War began as a crusade for purity and
democracy, and at its end, President Wilson proclaimed that
Americans had gained everything for which they had fought.
7.The First World War led the American intellectuals to a bitter
disillusionment.
8.In the decade of the 1910s, American literature achieved a new
diversity and reached its greatest heights.
9.Jazz music of the American Negro is the most influential art form to
originate in the U. S.
10.The American years between 1920 and 1930 were a time of new
direction and new achievements in all the arts.
11.Although short-lived, the Imagist movement had a tremendous
influence on modern poetry.
12.Ezra Pound was one of the most important poets and critics of his
time.
13.Three American writers won the Nobel Prize for Literature during the
years between the two world wars.
14.Edwin Arlington Robinson began his career as a novelist in bleakness
and poverty.
15.Edwin Arlington Robinson* s poems sometimes appear to be simple,
yet the surface simplicity often serves to conceal an intricacy and
subtlety of thought.
16.Like Robert Frost, Edwin Arlington Robinson was also noted for his
use of a dry, sometimes biting, New England humor.
17.By the end of his life, Edgar Allan Poe had become a national bard;
he received honorary degrees from forty-four colleges and
universities.
18.Robert Frost won four Nobel Prizes in his life.
19.Robert Frost rejected the revolutionary poetic principles of his
contemporaries, and chose "the old-fashioned way to be new" instead.
20.Robert Frost employed the plain speech of rural New Englanders and
preferred the short, traditional forms of lyric and narrative.
21.As a poet of nature, Robert Frost had obvious affinities with romantic
writers, notably William Wordsworth and Ralph Waldo Emerson, and he saw nature as a storehouse of analogy and symbol.
22.Robert Frost's concern with nature reflected his deep moral
uncertainties.
23.Robert Frost's poetry often probes mysteries of darkness and
irrationality in the bleak and chaotic landscapes of an indifferent
universe where men stand alone, unaided and perplexed.
24.Among the American poets since Walt Whitman, Robert Frost is the
most universal in his appeal.
25.In popularity Carl Sandburg came next after Robert Frost. His most
cherished ideal of life was to be "the word of the people. "
26.Carl Sandburg was probably the only great poet who wrote in the
Whit-manesque tradition in the present century. Like Walt Whitman, he contains "multitudes".
27.It is not fair to say that Carl Sandburg did not see the evils of modern
life. But it is also true that he wrote chiefly "to help the sick and give the people hope". Therefore, he was optimistic.
28.Carl Sandburg was a socialist. His voice was a hearty voice from the
masses of the people he had close contact with all his life.
29.Wallace Stevens created his poetry as a gifted nonprofessional, less
concerned about promoting his literary reputation than about
perfecting what he wrote.
30.Wallace Stevens was absolutely committed to the notion that a poet
lives in two worlds—the world of reality and the world of
imagination—and builds bridges between them.
31.There is no question that Wallace Stevens always kept pace with the
modern spirit of his times.
32.Such poems as "Prufrock" and "Gerontion" had suggested the
spiritual debility of the modem individual and his culture.
33.In satirical counterpoint, Thomas Stearns Eliot's Sweeny poems had
symbolized the rising tide of anticultural infidelity and human
baseness.
34.In 1927, Thomas Stearns Eliot was confirmed in Anglican Church
and become a British subject. So both countries claim his works as part of their own literature.
35.Ezra Pound described himself as "a royalist in politics, a classicist in
literature, and an Anglo-Catholic in religion. "
36.Thomas Stearns Eliot' s later poetry took a positive turn toward faith
in life, in strong contrast with the desperation of The Waste Land. 37.In his novels, F. Scott Fitzgerald had revealed the stridency of an age
of glittering innocence, he had portrayed the hollowness of the
American worship of riches and the unending American dream of
love, splendor and fulfilled desires.
38.F. Scott Fitzgerald was the most representative novelist of the 1920' s.
He was both a leading participant in the typically frivolous, carefree, mon-eymaking life of the decade and, at the same time, a detached observer of it. His own life was a mirror of the times.
39.Throughout his life, F. Scott Fitzgerald' s greatest happiness and
deepest sorrow were caused by his wife Zelda.
40.F. Scott Fitzgerald was the victim of his own success. His early
success damaged his life and spoiled his literary production.
41.F. Scott Fitzgerald dealt most astutely with the double theme of love
and money.
42.F. Scott Fitzgerald was the spokesman of a crucial and revealing
period in the culture history of his country.
43.Ernest Hemingway was the first American to be wounded in Italy
during World War I .
44.Ernest Hemingway developed a spare, tight, reportorial prose based
on simple sentence structure and using a restricted vocabulary,
precise imagery, and an impersonal, dramatic tone.
45.Ernest Hemingway' s works have sometimes been read as an
essentially negative commentary on a modern world filled with
sterility, failure, and death.
46.To Ernest Hemingway, man's greatest achievement is to show grace
under pressure, or what he described in A Farewell to Arms as
holding the " purity of line through the maximum of exposure. "
47.In 1937, Emest Hemingway became a foreign correspondent covering
the Spanish Civil War. Three years later he published The Sun also Rises.
48.By 1923, Ernest Hemingway' s first book Three Stories and Ten
Poems was out. Then his second book In Our Time followed, which secured his critical reputation.
49.In Dubious Battle was John Steinbeck' s most clearly "Proletarian"
novel of class struggle.
50.John Steinbeck' s treatment of the social problems of his time,
particularly the plight of the dispossessed fanner, earned him a
Pulitzer Prize in 1940 and in 1962, a Nobel Prize for Literature.
51.F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote sympathetically about poor, oppressed
California farmers, migrants, labourers, and the unemployed, making their lives and sorrows very understandable to his readers.
52.John Steinbeck' s theme was usually that simple human virtues such
as kindness and fair treatment were far superior to official
hard-heartedness, or the dehumanizing cruelty of exploiters for their own commercial advantage.
53.John Steinbeck nearly always wrote the dialogue of his books just as
itshould sound, using the strange spelling to denote the regional
accent, and inserting many words of slang and dialect.
54.During the Depression years, John Steinbeck' s fiction combined
warm humour , regionalism, and violence with a realistic technique which produced a unique kind of social protest.
55.William Faulkner, like Robert Frost, was a regionalist, who spent
most of his life in a small, particular area of the United States, writing about the scenes and people he knew best.
56.William Faulkner' s region was the Deep South, with its bitter history
of slavery, civil war and destruction.
57.Most of William Faulkner' s stories take place in the imaginary
Yok-napatawpha County and concern members of the same families at different times in history.
58.William Faulkner' s works have been termed the Yoknapatawpha
Saga, "one connected story".
59.In 1950, William Faulkner received both America's highest literary
award and the Nobel Prize for Literature.
60.William Faulkner died just one year after Ernest Hemingway, and so
passed away America's two most remarkable modern writers.
III. Make multiple choices.
1. The best-selling American books in the first decades of the twentieth century were__________ .
A. traveling books
B. commercial books
C. historical romances
D. news reports
2. Early in the 20th century, _________ published works that would change the nature of American poetry.
A. Ezra Pound
B. T. S. Eliot
C. Robert Frost
D. Both A and B
3. The American social upheavals and the literary concerns of the Great Depression years ended with the prosperity and turmoil brought by the
_____________ .
A. First World War
B. Second World War
C. Civil War
D. War of Independence
4. The American "Thirties", lasted from the Crash, through the ensuing Great Depression, until the outbreak of the Second World War 1939. This was a period of__________ .
A. poverty
B. bleakness
C. important social movements
D. a new social consciousness
E. all of the above
5. In the pre-war period, such writers as______________ , pointed out the contradictions between what American preached and they practiced.
B. Jack London
C. Stephen Crane
D. Theodore Dreiser
E. all of the above
6. In the Thirties, poets like Archibald Macleish and______________ wrote compassionately about common people, workers and farmers.
A. Emily Dickinson
B. Ezra Pound
C. Robert Frost
D. Langston Hughes
7.The Imagist writers followed three principles, they respectively are
_________ .
A. direct treatment
B. economy of expression
C. clear rhythm
D. blank verse
8. "The apparition of these faces in the crowd; Petals on a wet, black bough. " This is the shortest poem written by____________ .
A. Thomas Stearns Eliot
B. Robert Frost
C. Ezra Pound
D. E. E. Cummings
9. __________ showed great interest in Chinese literature and translated the poetry of Li Po (Li Bai) into English, and was influenced by Confucian ideas.
A. Ezra Pound
B. Robert Frost
C. T. S. Eliot
D. E. E. Cummings
10. Ezra Pound' s long poem____________ contained more than one hundred poems loosely connected.
A. The Waste Land
B. The Cantos
C. Don Juan
D. Queen Mab
11. "Richard Cory" and "Miniver Cheevy" are good examples of Edwin Arlington Robinson' s ______ attitude.
B. fantastic
C. realistic
D. materialistic
12. "Ben Jonson Entertains a Man from Stratford", this poem was written by Edwin Arlington Robinson. It is a brilliant commentary on
_____________'s character.
A. Ben Jonson
B. William Shakespeare
C. John Milton
D. Samuel Johnson
13. In his long works Merlin, Lancelot, and Tristram, Edwin Arlington Robinson wrote the most extensive poems based on_____________ since Tennyson.
A. the Arthurian Legends
B. the Biblical Stories
C. the Greek Mythologies
D. Indian Legends
14. When Robert Frost was eighty-seven, he read his poetry at the inauguration of President__________ .
A. Thomas Jefferson
B. Theodore Roosevelt
C. Abraham Lincoln
D. John F. Kennedy
15. Choose the books written by Robert Frost.
A. Mountain Interval
B. New Hampshire
C. West-Running Book
D. A Further Range
16. Which of the following was not written by Robert Frost?
A. "Tilbury Town"
B. "A Witness Tree"
C. "Steeple Bush"
D. "In the Clearing"
17. Robert Frost is famous for his lyric poems. Which of the following lyric poems was not written by Robert Frost?
A. "Birches"
B. "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening"
科教版小升初科学考试试题(含答案)
科教版小升初考试科学试题 一．选择题（共16小题，满分48分，每小题3分） 1．下列机械或工具的使用，属于费力杠杆的是（） A．羊角锤B．筷子 C．钢丝钳 2．2017年开始，越来越多的人选择绿色环保的“共享单车”出行，“共享单车”上使用了一些不同的简单机械，其中利用斜面的是（） A．车把B．脚踏板C．螺丝钉 3．我们使劲举哑铃时，前臂上的肌肉（） A．变软了B．变硬了C．没有变化 4．将一只塑料饮料瓶放置在平整的桌面上，下列几种情况下最稳定的是（）A．将塑料饮料瓶装满水，正放在平整的桌面上 B．将塑料饮料瓶装半瓶水，正放在平整的桌面上 C．将一只空塑料饮料瓶正放在平整的桌面上 5．图中，电磁铁（）的磁力最强。 A．B．
C． 6．下列不属于能量控制装置的是（） A．变色镜B．窗帘C．电灯 7．在“调查校园里的动植物”活动中，下列做法正确的是（） A．小梅同学发现几株未见过的小花，将它们拔起来，准备问老师 B．小强同学的调查记录中有蟋蟀，看到其他同学的记录中都没有，便将它删去 C．小浩同学拨开草丛，一只蚱蜢跳了出来蹦到栅栏外，于是将它记录下来 8．脊椎动物中，行为方式和生理功能最复杂、生殖发育特点是胎生、哺乳的种类是（）A．鱼类B．鸟类C．哺乳类 9．在用显微镜观察玻片标本时，观察到物体的图象位于视野的左上方，如果要使物体的图象移到视野的中央，应将玻片标本移动的方向是（） A．右上B．左上C．左下 10．第一个发现和提出“细胞”这个名称的科学家是（） A．罗伯特?胡克B．列文虎克 C．达尔文 11．下列物质变化中，属于可逆变化的是（） A．把木材做成桌子B．种子发芽 C．水变成冰 12．下列日常生活利用化学变化的是（） A．酿制白酒B．用榨汁机做果汁饮料 C．把西瓜放在冰箱里冰冻 13．2004年，中国正式开展月球探测工程，工程分为“无人月球探测”、“载人登月”和“建立月球基地”三个阶段。月球是地球的卫星，太阳系中卫星最多的行星是（） A．木星B．土星C．金星D．天王星 14．中国古代神话传说中的织女星所在的星座是（）
计算机等级考试选择题(全含答案)
库一 1、下列对信息的描述，错误的是（A ）。 数据就是信息 信息是用数据作为载体来描述和表示的客观现象 信息可以用数值、文字、声音、图形、影像等多种形式表示 信息是具有含义的符号或消息，数据是计算机内信息的载体 2、以下关于图灵机的说法，错误的是（B）。 在图灵机的基础上发展了可计算性理论 图灵机是最早作为数学运算的计算机 图灵机是一种数学自动机器，包含存储程序的思想 图灵机是一种抽象计算模型，用来精确定义可计算函数 3、用32位二进制补码表示带符号的十进制整数的范围是（C）。-4294967296～+4294967295 -4294967296～+4294967296 -2147483648～+2147483647 -2147483647～+2147483648 4、某微型机的CPU中含有32条地址线、28位数据线及若干条控制信号线，对内存按字节寻址，其最大内存空间应是（A）。 A、4GB B、4MB C、256MB D、2GB 5、下面关于计算机语言的叙述中，正确的是（D ）。 汇编语言程序是在计算机中能被直接执行的语言 机器语言是与计算机的型号无关的语言 C语言是最早出现的高级语言 高级语言是与计算机型号无关的算法语言 6、中文Windows XP操作系统是一个（B ）。 用户多任务操作系统 单用户多任务操作系统 多用户单任务操作系统 单用户单任务操作系统 7、中文WindowsXP中的"剪贴板"是（A ）。 内存中的一块区域 硬盘中的一块区域 软盘中的一块区域 高速缓存中的一块区域 8、以下对WindowsXP的系统工具的叙述，错误的是（D ）。 磁盘备份是防止硬盘的损坏或错误操作而造成数据丢失 "磁盘清理"是将磁盘上的文件以某种编码格式压缩存储 "磁盘碎片整理程序"可以将零散的可用空间组织成连续的可用空间 "任务计划"不能清理硬盘 9、下列关于WordXP各种视图的叙述中（C）是错误的。 在普通视图下不能显示图形 在页面视图下所见即打印所得 在Web版式视图下所见即打印所得 在大纲视图下可以查看文档的标题和正文 10、WordXP的打印预览状态下，若要打印文件。以下说法正确的是（ C ）。 只能在打印预览状态下打印 在打印预览状态下不能打印 在打印预览状态下也能打印 必须退出打印预览状态后，才能打印 11、以下有关光盘存储器的叙述中，错误的是（D ）。 只读光盘只能读出而不能修改所存储的信息 VCD光盘上的影视文件是压缩文件 CD-ROM盘片表面有许多凹坑和平面 DVD与VCD的区别只是容量上的不同 12、用Windows画图软件读入一个16色bmp位图文件，未经任何处理，然后再以256色bmp位图模式存盘，则（ D ）。像素的个数会增加 像素的个数会减少 图像的颜色数会增加 图像文件的存储空间会增大 13、下面关于图像压缩的描述，错误的是（A ）。 图像压缩编码的理论基础是控制论 图像压缩包括有损压缩和无损压缩 好的算法可以进一步提高图像的压缩率 图像之所以要压缩是因为数字化后还有很大的冗余量 14、局域网的网络硬件主要包括服务器、工作站、网卡和（C）。 A、网络协议 B、网络操作系统 C、传输介质 D、网络拓扑结构 15、调制解调器（Modem）的功能是实现（A）。 模拟信号与数字信号的相互转换 数字信号编码 模拟信号转换成数字信号 数字信号放大 16、IP地址由网络号和主机号两部分组成，用于表示A类地址的主机地址长度是（ C ）位二进制数。 A、8 B、8 C、24 D、32 17、一台计算机中了特洛伊木马病毒后，下列说法错误的是（ C ）。 计算机上的数据可能被他人篡改 计算机上的有关密码可能被他人窃取 病毒会定时发作，以破坏计算机上的信息 没有上网时，计算机上的信息不会被窃取 18、在学生课程管理中分别使用以下二种表示，即： （1）表SC（学号，姓名，课程号，课程名，学时，学分，成绩）；（2）表STUDENT（学号，姓名，课程号）和表COURSE（课程号，课程名，学时，学分，成绩）。 则以下叙述正确的是（B ）。 采用（1）表示的数据冗余量大，查找速度也慢 采用（1）表示的数据冗余量大，但查找速度快 采用（2）表示的数据冗余量大，查找速度也慢 采用（2）表示的数据冗余量大，但查找速度快 19、在E-R图向关系模式转换中，如果两实体之间是多对多的联系，则必须为联系建立一个关系，该联系对应的关系模式属性包括（D ）。 自定义的主键 联系本身的属性 联系本身的属性及所联系的任一实体的主键 联系本身的属性及所联系的双方实体的主键 20、在ACCESS XP中说查询的结果是一个"动态集"，是指每次执行查询时所得的数据集合（B ）。 都是从数据来源表中随机抽取 基于数据来源表中数据的改变而改变 随着用户设置的查询准则的不同而不同 将更新数据来源表中的数据 21、计算机之所以能实现自动连续执行，是由于计算机采用了（ D ）原理。 A、布尔逻辑运算 B、数字模拟电路 C、集成电路工作 D、存储程序控制 22、下列叙述中,正确的是（A ）。 A、目前计算机的硬件只能识别0和1所表示的信号 B、内存容量是指微型计算机硬盘所能容纳信息的字节数 C、微型计算机不需避免强磁场的干扰 D、计算机系统是由主机和软件系统组成 23、以下叙述错误的是（D ）。 A、主频很大程度上决定了计算机的运行速度 B、字长指计算机
标准员习题(2017)
1、（工程建设标准）是判定工程质量“好坏”的“准绳”。 2、标准员是在建筑与市政工程施工现场，从事工程建设标准实施（组织、监督、效果评价）等工作的专业人员。 3、施工前期标准实施中标准员的职责（ABCD）。 A、负责组织工程建设标准的宣贯和培训 B、参与施工图会审，确认执行标准的有效性 C、参与编制施工组织设计 D、参与编制专项施工方案 4、要求标准员能够识读（ABCD）和市政管线施工图，准确把握工程设计要求。 A、建筑施工图 B、结构施工图 C、设备专业施工图 D、城市桥梁施工图 5、下列属于要求标准员熟悉的法律法规的有《建筑法》、（ABCD） A《劳动生产法》 B《劳动法》 C《建设工程安全生产管理条例》 D《建设工程质量管理条例》 6、标准员需要参与企业标准体系表的编制。对 7、标准员无需施工图纸会审。错 8、标准员需要收集工程技术人员对标准的意见、建议，为改进标准化工作提供支持。对 9、资料员负责汇编总标准执行确认资料，标准员负责记录工程项目执行标准的情况。错 10、标准的实施是各管理信息系统开发的基础。对 11、标准员的专业技能主要包括能够组织确定工程项目应执行的工程建设标准及强制性条文。对 12、标准员的专业技能主要包括能够参与制定工程建设标准贯彻落实的计划方案。对 13、标准员的专业技能主要包括能够组织施工现场工程建设标准的宣贯和培训。对 14、标准员的专业技能不包括能够识图施工图。错 15、标准员的专业技能主要包括能够对不符合工程建设标准的施工作业提出改进措施。对 16、工程建设标准一般划分为技术标准、管理标准和工作标准，该分类方法属于（性质分类）法。 17、工程建设标准一般可分为基础标准、方法标准、安全、卫生和环境保护标准、综合性标准、质量标准，该分类方法属于（对象分类）法。 18、施工企业技术标准的编制程序包括（准备、征求意见、审查、报批）四个阶段。 19、对标准“建筑施工安全检查标准（JGJ59-2011）”的描述，下列（D）项错误。 A属于强制性标准 B2011年批准发布 C顺序号为59 D2011年实施 20、编制工程建设标准的征求意见稿，属于标准编制（征求意见）阶段工作。 21、工作标准是指对工作的责任、权利、范畴、质量要求、程序、效果、检查方法、考核办法所制定的标准。下列（C）不属于工作标准的范畴。 A标准员岗位职责 B施工技术负责人岗位职责
标准员大纲及模拟题
住建部建筑与市政工程施工现场标准员 考核评价大纲与试题 二〇一五年三月 标准员考核评价大纲 通用知识 一、熟悉国家工程建设相关法律法规（权重0.03） （一）《建筑法》 1.从业资格的有关规定 2.建筑安全生产管理的有关规定 3.建筑工程质量管理的有关规定 （二）《安全生产法》 1.生产经营单位的安全生产保障的有关规定 2.从业人员的权利和义务的有关规定 3.安全生产监督管理的有关规定 4.安全事故应急救援与调查处理的规定 （三）《建设工程安全生产管理条例》、《建设工程质量管理条例》 1.施工单位的安全责任的有关规定 2.施工单位的质量责任和义务的有关规定 （四）《劳动法》、《劳动合同法》 1.劳动合同和集体合同的有关规定 2.劳动安全卫生的有关规定 二、熟悉工程材料的基本知识（权重0.05） （一）无机胶凝材料 1.无机胶凝材料的分类及特性 2.特性水泥的特性、主要技术性质及应用
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计算机基础知识练习题.doc含答案
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(全)标准员-通用基础(标准员)模拟考试题含答案
标准员-通用基础(标准员)模拟考试题 1、【判断题】单项工程施工组织设计是以分部分项工程或专项工程为主要对象编制的施工技术与组织方案。（×） 2、【判断题】混凝土外加剂按照其主要功能分为高性能减水剂、高效减水剂、普通减水剂、引气减水剂、泵送剂、早强剂、缓凝剂和引气剂共八类。（√） 3、【判断题】《劳动合同法》的立法目的,是为了完善劳动合同制度,建立和维护适应社会主义市场经济的劳动制度,明确劳动合同双方当事人的权利和义务,保护劳动者的合法权益,构建和发展和谐稳定的劳动关系。（×） 4、【判断题】工程施工分包是指承包人将中标工程项目分解后分别发包给具有相应资质的企业完成。（×） 5、【单选题】下列关于施工项目管理组织的形式的说法中,错误的是( )。（C ） A、工作队式项目组织适用于大型项目,工期要求紧,要求多工种、多部门配合的项目 B、事业部式适用于大型经营型企业的工程承包 C、部门控制式项目组织一般适用于专业性强的大中型项目 D、矩阵制项目组织适用于同时承担多个需要进行项目管理工程的企业 6、【单选题】根据《建筑法》规定,( )是安全生产方针的核心和具体体现,是实现安全生产的根本途径。（C ）
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建设工程岗位培训《标准员》考试题库及答案
标准员专业技能练习题 一、判断题 1、《中华人民共和国标准化法》自1989年4月1日起正式施行。( √ ) 2、标准化学科的理论基础是技术科学和管理科学。（√） 3、标准是为在一定的范围内获得最佳的秩序，对活动或其结果规定共同的和重复使用的规则、导则或特性的文件。（√） 4、北宋毕升发明的活字印刷术已经孕育着现代标准化的标准件，互换性、分解组合、重复利用等方法和原理。( √ ) 5、19世纪30年代英国工程师惠特沃斯提出的统一的螺纹尺寸制度，即欧洲各国普遍使用的“惠氏螺纹”螺纹尺寸标准，被人们认为现代标准化的开端。 ( √ ) 6、近代标准化的发展是在大工业生产基础上发展起来的。( √ ) 7、近代标准化的一大特点是职业标准化队伍逐渐形成（√） 8、标准的载体就是标准的表现形式，是一种文件。( √ ) 9、标准化是进行质量管理的依据和基础。（√） 10、标准与非标准是相对的，它们之间可以相互转化。（√） 11、标准化的基本原理通常是指统一原理、简化原理、协调原理和最优化原理。（√） 12、标准化的基本对象是技术性的，或与技术有关的管理和活动的有关事物和概念，因此，技术性是标准化法制管理的固有属性。（√） 13、标准化学科的研究对象，概括地说，就是研究标准的制定和修订。（×）研究标准化过程中的规律和方法 14、在互相独立的系统中，选择和确定具有功能互换性或尺寸互换性的子系统或功能单元的标准化形式叫通用化。（√） 15、简化是肯定某些个性的同时共存，着眼于精炼。而统一化是从个性中提炼共性，着眼于一致性。（√）
16、所谓标准的统一化就是对客观事物进行的必要的、绝对的统一化。（×） 17、在标准化形式中简化和统一是相互渗透的。（√） 18、统一管理与分工负责相结合是我国标准化工作管理体制的特点。（√） 19、制定标准应当做到有关标准的协调配套。（√） 20、标准化活动中的产品系列化不仅能够简化现存的不必要的多样性，也能有效的预防未来不合理的多样性的产生。（√） 21、标准需经有关方面协商一致，也就是说在协商的过程中各方面意见完全一致后才可制定标准。 （×） 22、标准的使用价值通过其适用性表现出来，是标准的自然属性。标准的适用性如何，可以作为衡量该项标准使用价值大小的客观尺度。( √ ) 23、按照标准的属性，通常可以分为：技术标准、管理标准、工作标准。（√） 24、工作标准是指对工作的责任、权利、范围、质量要求、程序、效果、检查方法、考核办法所制定的标准。（√） 25、工作标准一般包括部门工作标准和岗位（个人）工作标准。（√） 26、工作标准的对象主要是人。（√） 27、地方标准批准发布后，应由省级标准化行政主管部门按有关规定统一上报国务院标准化行政主管部门备案。（√） 28、对没有国家标准而又需要在全国某个行业范围内统一的技术要求，可以制定行业标准。（√） 29、国家标准一经批准发布，与其规定内容重复的行业标准，地方标准相应废止。（√） 30、标准中的附录分为规范性附录和资料性附录，规范性附录是必须遵循的。（√） 31、企业标准可以引用企业标准，地方标准可以引用地方标准。（×） 32、在等同采用ISO／IEC以外的其他组织的国际标准时，我国标准的文本结构应当与被采用的国际标准一致。（√） 33、等同采用国际标准是指我国标准在技术内容上与国际标准完全相同，编写上不作或稍作编辑性修改，可用图示符号“≡”表示，其缩写字母代号为idc或IDC。（√）
小学科学教师招聘考试试题及答案
科学教师复习资料 (一)、填空(20分，每空1分) 1、科学素养的四个核心因素是科学兴趣、_、_、科学方法。 2、凸透镜有放大、_、_的作用。 3、我国"神州"五号载人飞船首次发射成功，首位航天员是。 4、植物的叶一般可以分为_、_、_三部分。 5、物体的冷热程度叫_。要精确测量物体的温度，需要使用_。它是根据_的性质制成的。 6、人类生长发育和其他一切生命活动所需要的营养全部来自食物，食物中主要含有蛋白质、_、_、_、_五种营养成分。 7、被称为"杂交水稻之父"的我国科学家是_。 8、_、_和_是三种常用的净化水的方法。 9、热空气受热上升，冷空气流过来补充，就形成了_。 (二)、选择(10分，每题1分) 1、解剖白菜花的正确顺序是()。 A、萼片、花瓣、雄蕊、雌蕊 B、萼片、花瓣、雌蕊、雄蕊 C、萼片、雄蕊、雌蕊、花瓣 D、萼片、雄蕊、花瓣、雌蕊 2、世界上种类最多，数量最多的动物是()。 A、鸟类 B、哺乳动物 C、爬行动物 D、昆虫 3、下列物体，能溶解于水的是()。 A、白糖、油 B、食盐、沙 C、氧气、白糖 D、白糖、沙 4、用眼睛、鼻子、舌头辨别物体时的顺序，依次为()。 A、先看后闻再尝 B、先看后尝再闻 C、先尝后看再闻 5、月球的引力，比地球的小得多，只相当于地球引力的()。 A.二分之一 B.六分之一 C.十分之一 6、我们在灯光下能看到物体，是光的()。 A、反射现象 B、折射现象 C、辐射现象 D、直射现象 7、彩虹的颜色一般可以分为()。 A、五种 B、六种 C、七种 D、无数种 8、下列不属于果实的是() A、无籽西瓜 B、香蕉 C、向日葵籽 D、萝卜 9、磁铁中吸铁本领最强的部分是在()。 A、中间和两端 B、中间或两端 C、两端 D、中间 10、使用酒精灯的正确步骤是()。 A、打开灯帽竖放，从下往上点火，用内焰加热，从正面盖上灯帽 B、打开灯帽竖放，从上往下点火，用外焰加热，从侧面盖上灯帽 C、打开灯帽竖放，从下往上点火，用外焰加热，从侧面盖上灯帽 (三)简答。(40分，每题8分) 1、小学科学课程的基本理念是什么? 2、日食的成因是什么? 3、雷电是怎样形成的? 4、什么是光合作用?光合作用对人类有何意义? 5、在《沉与浮》一课教学时，老师发现有些学生是先放盐，后加水，再放土豆；而另一些