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英语助动词和情态动词及练习

英语助动词和情态动词及练习
英语助动词和情态动词及练习

英语助动词和情态动词及练习

一、概述

不同的时态(一般式、进形式、完成式、将来式),不同的语态(主动、被动),不同的语气(祈使、陈述、虚拟),不同的结构(肯定、否定、疑问),以及说话者本身的态度或命令、请求、愿望、可能等,所有这些都要借助于助动词和情态动词表达出来。助动词一般没有词意,不能单独作谓语动词,除非省略句中。他们只参加时态、语态、语气或否定、疑问结构。情态动词有词义,可以用来表示说话者的语气和态度。主要的助动词和情态动词如下表:

二、助动词

助动词一般没有词意,不能单独作谓语动词。其作用在于帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定、疑问等。

1、助动词be(am, is, are, was, were, being, been)的用法

(1) be后跟现在分词构成进行时态。

Who is playing the violin?谁在拉小提琴?

She was reading a book then.那时她正在读书。

(2)be后跟过去分词构成被动语态。

He was asked to do the work.有人要他干这件工作。

You are invited to attend the meetintg.有人邀请你参加会议。

(3)be 后跟不定式作谓语,有如下几种情况:

①表示计划、安排将要发生的事。

Who are we to meet?我们要见谁呀?

I'm to have supper with John this afternoon.今天下午我要与约翰一起吃晚饭。

②表示指示、命令,否定式表禁止。

You are to see the headmaster today.今天你必须去见校长。

You are not to enter the room without permission.未经允许你不能进入房间。

③表示义务、责任等,同should。

You are to be back before 5.你得在5点钟以前回来。

What is to be done?该干什么。

④表示可能性,与情态动词may, can同义。

Such books are to be found in any library.这种书任何图书馆都有。

Not a sound was to be heard.一点声响也没有。

⑤表示后来发生的事,可以用来表示命运或注定

They say good-bye, little knowing that they were never to meet again.他们告别了,没想到再也不能相见了。

He was to regret the decision.他有一天会后悔做出这一决定的。

⑥用于习语

Where am I to go? 我该向何处去?

What am I to do? 我该怎么办?

2、助动词have(has, had, having)的用法

(1)助动词have可以构成完成时或完成进行时

He has been a doctor for 10 years.他当医生十年了。

This is the place I have been longing to visit.这就是我一直渴望参观的地方。

(2)和不定式构成谓语,表示客观上不得不做的事情。

We've missed the train. We'll have to wait for another one.我们己经误了火车,我们只能等下一列。

-Do we have to start work?我们得立刻工作吗?

-No. We don't have to.不,不必了。

3、do(does, did) 的用法

(1)构成疑问句或否定句

How did you know about it?你是怎样知道这件事的。

He does not smoke. 他不抽烟。

(2)加强语气。

He did tell that.他的确告诉了此事。

Do come and see us.一定来看我们。

(3)代替前面刚出现的动词,避免重复。

-You like popular music, don't you?你喜欢流行音乐,是吧?

-Yes , I do.是的,我喜欢。

He speaks French as fluently as she does.他讲法语和她讲的一样流利。

(4)用于倒装句中。

Never did he pay attention to my words.他从不注意我的话。

Only then did I understand the importance of English.只是那时,我才了解到英语的重要性。(5)构成否定的祈使句。

Don't be so careless.不要那么粗心。

Do not hesitate to come for help.只管来求助。

4、shall(should)和will(would) 的用法

(1)shall(should)用于第一人称的将来时中,单纯表示来

I shall think it over.我要好好考虑一下。

When shall I see you again?我何时再见到你?

I rang up to tell her that I should leave for London. 我打电话告诉她我要去伦敦。

(2)will用于第二、第三人称的将来时态中,在现代英语中可以用于所有人称

He will be 30 next month. 他下月将是30岁。

You will have an English test tomorrow.明天你有英语小测验。

He wanted to know when you would finish the writing.他想知道你何时完成写作。

三、情态动词

1、情态动词的特征

情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度,认为“可能、应当、必要”等等,但本身意义不完全,不能单独作谓语,必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。除ought, used, have后跟不定式外,其他情态动词一律跟动词原形。情态动词主要有:can/could, may/might, must, ought to, used to, need, dare, shall/should, will/would, have to等。

2、情态动词的变化形式

(1)没有人称和数的变化。

I can /we can/ you can he can/she can/they can/it can

Johnny, you mustn’t play with the knife, you may hurt yourself.约翰,你不能玩刀,那可能会伤着你。

A left luggage office is a place where bags can be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.行李寄存处特别是在火车站短时间存放包的地方。

He ought to know her address.他该知道她的地址。

(2)大部分情态动词有过去式:

can-could may-might need-needed dare-dared shall-should will-would

– Is John coming by train?约翰坐火车来吗?

– He should, but he may not. He likes driving his car.应该是,他有可能不乘坐火车。他喜欢开车。

- Are you coming to Jeff's party?你来参加Jeff的聚会吗?

- I'm not sure. I might go to the concert instead. 我不敢肯定,我可能去参加音乐会。

(3)少部分情态动词没过去式或者说过去式与原形相同,used to 只有过去式形式。

must-must(had to) ought to -ought to

I used to go there.我(以前)常到那里去。

You must be tired after your long journey. 你走了这么远的路,一定很累。

(4)大多数情态动词后面还可跟动词的进行时、完成时和被动式形式:

can/may/must+ be doing/have done/be done

should/would/might+be doing/have done/be done

He must have earned a large sum of money.他一定是挣了一笔巨款。

You mustn’t always be talking so much.你不能总是说起来没完没了。

3、否定式和疑问式

情态动词的否定式和疑问式同助动词。否定式是在情态动词后加not;疑问式是将情态动词提前到主语的前面。

-Will you stay for lunch? 你留下来吃午饭好吗?

-Sorry, I can’t. My brother is coming to see me. 对不起,我不能(留下来吃午饭),我兄弟要来看我。

May I ask you a question?我可以问你一个问题吗?

I was really anxious about you. You shouldn’t have left home without a word. 你真急死我了。你不该一句话也不说就离开家。

注意:have to 的疑问和否定是借助于do来构成。

Do you have to go out today?今天你得出去吗?

He doesn’t have to go.他没必要去。

四、情态动词的基本用法

1、can和could

(1)表能力

①意为“能够会”,表示体力或脑力等方面的能力

Some of us can use the computer now , but we couldn't ten years ago.现在我们一些人能用计算机了,但十年前我们不能。

Can you ride a bike?你能骑自行车吗?

What can I do for you?我能为你做点什么?

I could run faster then. 我那时能跑得更快一些。

②当can和could表示能力时,有时可以用be able to替换,could表过去,can表现在,有时也可表

将来,但不能与will, shall等助动词连用;be able to可以用于将来、完成等时态。

She hasn't been able t o come to school for three days.她已经三天没能来上学了。

With his help, we shall be able to build the house.在他的帮助下,我们将能够建造房屋了。

③当我们要强调过去确实使用了某种能力时,要用was(were)able to,而不用could。was able to 表

示“设法干成某事”,即succeed in doing sth.或manage to do sth.而could只表示“具备某种能力”。

He is such a good swimmer that he was able to save the two boys from drowning the other day.

他是一位游泳健将,因此前些日子他救上了两名溺水男孩。

The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out. 虽然大火蔓延很快,使旅馆烧起来,但大家还是逃了出来。

(2)表可能性

I thought the story could not be true我认为这个故事不可能是真的。

Anybody can make mistakes.人都会犯错误。

(3)表许可(常用于口语中)。

Can/Could I go now?我可以走了吗?

He said I could use the computer.他说我可以用计算机。

Father said we could go to the concert.父亲说我们可以去参加音乐会。

-Could I borrow your dictionary? 你把字典借给我可以吗?

-Yes, of course you can. 当然可以。

(4)表惊异怀疑、不相信等态度

①主要用于否定句、疑问句和感叹句中,表惊异怀疑、不相信等态度。

Where can/could they be now?他们现在能在哪儿呢?

What can he mean?他会是什么意思?

②如果跟完成时,则表示对过去发生的事的怀疑和不肯定。could比can更加不肯定。

Can he have left already?他会是走了吗?

Could she have forgotten my address?她会把我的地址忘了?

It couldn't have been Xiao Wang. He has gone to the factory.那不可能是小王,他去了工厂。

-There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. 车上本来已经有五人,但他们还是设法把我也带上.

-It couldn't have been a comfortable journey.那次旅行不可能舒服。

注意:当说话的人对一件事表示肯定的判断时用情态动词must,当说话的人对一件事持否定的态度,这种判断用情态动词can’t或couldn’t。

The man with glasses must be Tom's father. They look alike. 戴眼镜的那个人肯定是汤姆的父亲。他们看起来很像。

Jack can't be in the classroom. I saw him on the playground just a moment ago. 杰克不可能在教室里。我刚才看见他在操场上。

③“could+完成时”,有时表示“过去本能够完成的事而没完成”。

You could have done the work better.你本来能做得更好些。(事实并非如此)

You could have caught the early train.你本来能赶上早班火车。(事实上没有)

--I stayed at a hotel while in New York. 我在纽约住在一家旅馆。

--Oh, did you? You could have stayed with Barbara. 是吗?你本可与巴巴拉住在一起的。(5)表比较委婉客气地提出请求。这时could和can没有时间上的差别,只不过用could比用can显得更加委婉客气。

Can you change a pound note for me , please?请你兑换一英镑零票给我好吗?

Could you tell me the right time please?请你把准确的时间告诉我好吗?

2、may和might

(1)表示许可或征询对方许可。

You may go now.现在你可走了。

May I watch TV after supper?晚饭后我可以看电视吗?

He said that I might use the telephone.他说我可以用电话。

注意:征询许可时,might比may更恭敬有礼。may的否定形式为may not,但表示“不可以”、“阻止”等意思时常用must not(musn't)代替may not。

Might I have a word with you , please?我可以和你谈一谈吗?

-May I take the book out of the reading-room? 我可以将这本书带出阅览室吗?

-Yes , you may./No, you musn't./No, you may not./No, you'd better not.

是的,可以/不,不行。

(2)表可能性,有“或许、可能”之意

might与may可以换用,但might表示较多的怀疑、更加不肯定、语气更委婉。

He may/might be English.他可能是英国人。

They may/might have a lot of work to do.他们可能有许多工作要做。

Peter may come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet. 皮特今晚可能和我一起来,但他还没定。

注意:may表可能一般不用于疑问句,在疑问句中通常用can/might,或者以be likely to结构出现。Can it be true?这可能是真的吗?

What can she be thinking of?她可能在想些什么?

Migh t I make a suggestion?我可以提个建议吗?

Is he likely to win the match?他有可能赢这场比赛吗?

(3)"may/might+完成时",表示对过去事情的推测,might比may更含蓄,委婉,或更加不肯定。Sorry,I’m late. I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. 对不起,我可能是把闹钟关掉了又睡着了。

She may/might have gone to the library.她可能到图书馆去了。

She may/might have missed the plane.她也许没赶上飞机。

(4)"might+完成时"表示过去本可以干的事而没干。

You might have told me earlier!你本来可早点告诉我。(而没告诉,表责备)

(5)用于表目的或让步状语从句中。

She was studying English so that she might read English books.她正在学习英语,以便能阅读英文书籍。

He died in order that others might live. 他为了别人而牺牲了。

(6)表祝愿(不能用might)。

May all our dreams come true.愿我们梦想成真。

英语语法-助动词和情态动词用法及习题

目录 1助动词和情态动词的定义 (2) 2 can,may,must (3) 3 Will you~?和Shall I(we)~? (10) 4 would和should (14) 5 have to (16) 练习题 (17) 答案 (18)

1助动词和情态动词的定义 在英语中,助动词一般没有词义,主要帮助构成谓语,表示时态、语态或构成疑问及否定形式。对于助动词,同学们一般了解即可。 情态动词与助动词不同,它有词义,但它也和助动词一样,不能单独作谓语,它必须和其他动词一起构成谓语,另外重要的一点是情态动词没有人称和数的变化;情态动词后必须跟动词原形。 (×)She cans swim well. (×)She can swims well. (○)She can swim well. (○)She swims well. 即使主语是第三人称单数(例如she)can也不能加“s”。 句子中有情态动词can时,即使主语是第三人称单数,也不能在一般动词(例如swim)上加“s”。 1 助动词的种类 1.be(am,are,is,was,were,been,being) 它与现在分词结合,可以构成进行时态(参见第九章),与过去分词结合可以构成被动语态(参见第十三章)。 I am reading the book.我正在读这本书。 The book was written by me. 这本书是我写的。 2. have(has,had,having) 它与过去分词结合,构成完成时态(参见第十一章)。 I have finished my homework. 我已经写完作业了。 3.shall(should),will(would)

助动词和情态动词

助动词和情态动词 1. ---Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. ---Ah, good morning. You______ be Mrs. Peters. (10北京) A. might B. must C. would D. can 2. I have told you the truth. ______ I keep repeating it? (10江西) A. Must B Can C May D Will 3. Jack described his father, who _______a brave boy many years ago, as a strong–willed man (10安徽) A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been 4. I_______ have watched that movie —it’ll give me horrible dreams. (10山东) A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t 5. Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _______ be regular exercise. (10辽宁) A.can B.will C.must D.may 6.Wine ____ do good to people’s health if drunk properly. A. can B. should C. must D. might 7. But for the help of my English teacher, I ____ the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won 8. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _____ your lecture. A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t attend C. mustn’t have attended D. can’t attend 9. ---Has Mr. Tom White arrived? ---Yes, already. ____ he wait outside or just come in? A. Shall B. May C. Could D. Must 10. Walking in space ____ sound easy, yet great care and skills are needed. A. should B. shall C. may D. must 11. ---Amazing! You ____ wear slippers at work! ----Don’t you know it’s a fashion? A. must B. should C. can D. may 12. ---The two astronauts had been trained for long before they flew to space. ---Oh, they ____ quite a lot of difficulties. A. might go through B. may go through C. should have gone through D. must have gone through 13. ---Can I pay the bill by check? ---Sorry, sir. But it is the management rule of our hotel that payment ____ be paid in cash. A. will B. can C. should D. shall 14. ---Catherine looks sad. Did you tell her about the accident? ---Yes, but I ____ her just before her final exams.

英语情态动词专项练习题及答案含答案解析

英语情态动词专项练习题及答案含答案解析 一、初中英语情态动词 1.— _______ you play tennis? —Yes, and I'm a good player. A. Can B. May C. Must D. Should 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意:——你会打网球吗?——会,我是一名优秀的网球员。Can能,表示能力;may可以,表示允许;must必须,表示要求;should应该,表示建议;结合句意,此处表示能力,故用情态动词can,故选A。 【点评】此题考查情态动词的用法。 2.All passengers ______ go through safety check before they take a plane. A. can B. may C. must D. could 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:所有乘客登机前必须接受安全检查。A. can能够,表示能力;B. may可以,表示许可;C. must必须;D. could可能,可以。登机前必须安检。故选C。【点评】情态动词词义辨析。以及can、may、must、could四个词的词义和用法。 3.You be tired after walking for such a long time. Sit down and have a rest. A. can B. can't C. mustn't D. must 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意:走了这么长时间你一定很累了。坐下休息一下吧。can能,能够,can't不能,对事物进行否定推测;mustn't一定不是,禁止,must一定,对事物进行肯定推测,根据after walking for such a long time,可以肯定你一定很累,所以是进行肯定推测,情态动词使用must,故选D。 【点评】此题考查情态动词。弄清每个情态动词的使用规则,根据句意确定所使用的情态动词。 4.—Where is Mom now? —I'm not sure. She _________ be in the kitchen. A. shall B. may C. need D. must 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:—妈妈现在在哪里?—我不确定,她也许在厨房。A. shall 将要; B. may 可以,可能; C. need 需要; D. must必须,一定;根据I'm not sure可知是不确定;故选B。 【点评】此题考查情态动词表推测的用法。 5.—Who it be that is knocking at the door? —It be father, but I'm not sure.

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