句子成分和句子结构讲解有答案精品
【关键字】英语、情况、条件、会议、计划、主动、继续、健康、持续、保持、需要、方式、作用、结构、分析、衔接、引导、关心、主动性
句子成分
一．主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。
1.请找出下列句子的主语并指出什么（词，短语或句子）可以充当主语。
The sun rises in the east. （名词）
He likes dancing. （代词）
Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)
Seeing is believing. （动名词）
To see is to believe. （不定式）
What he needs is a book. （主语从句）
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
常见错误分析
2：动词及其短语在作句子的主语时，只能使用其to do 或doing 的形式。其中不定式强调具体的某一次的动作，-ing 强调经常发生的动作。
改错：1.play computer games does no good to us.
2.Have a walk in the street is her hobby.
3.Go home at once is his decision
4.Make more friends will do good to us.
5.I’m like computer very much.
6.The story was happening the year before last.
二．宾语：
1．动作的承受者-----动宾
请找出下列句子的宾语并指出什么可以充当宾语。
I like China. （名词）
He hates you. （代词）
How many do you need? We need two. （数词）
I enjoy working with you. （动名词）
I hope to see you again. （不定式）
Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）
2．介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾
Are you afraid of the snake/me/fighting?
3．双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）
He gave me a book yesterday.
常见错误分析
1：介词后跟宾语时，必须为：名词、代词、ing 或wh型的连接词引导的从句。
改错：①I am fond of play basketball.
②He’s cra zy about read story books.
③I am sorry for late.
④I felt terribly sad for absent from class.
2：动词及其短语在作句子的主语或宾语时，只能使用其to do 或doing 的形式。其中不定式强调具体的某一次的动作，-ing 强调经常发生的
动作。
改错：①I enjoy make friends with everyone.
②He wanted go home at once.
三表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词之后。
英语中常见的系动词及其分类。
①状态系动词：用来表示主语状态：即be 。常译为是
②持续系动词：用来表示主语的继续或保持某种状况或态度，主要包括remain、keep、stay、lie 、stand 、exist等。常译为保持，依然是
I hope you will keep fit.
We can remain friends.
Please stay seated
③变化系动词：用来表示主语变成什么样，主要包括：become 、grow 、turn 、get 、fall 、go 、come 、run 等。常译为变得
He went mad.
His hair turned grey.
I fell ill.
④结果系动词：表示主语对应的结果，主要有：prove to be ,turn out to be 。常译为结果是seem 、appear 、look.
⑤感官系动词：主要有feel 、smell 、sound 、taste ，seem 、appear 、look。
Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.
Now I feel tired.
请找出下列句子的宾语并指出什么可以充当宾语。
He is a teacher. （名词）
Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词）
Five and five is ten.（数词）
He is asleep. （形容词）
His father is in. （副词）
The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)
My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）
To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式）
The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）
常见错误分析：
1：动词及其短语在作句子的表语时，需用其非谓语形式，其中to do 表将来的主动性动作，doing 表正在进行的主动性动作，有时也用作形容词表示主语所具有的特征；done 表示被动的已完成的动作。
选择：
①My hobby is ＿＿basketball.
A: play B: playing C: to play D: played
②The dog was so ＿＿in that toy.
A: interesting B: interested C: to interest D: interest
③My plan is ＿＿home immediately.
A: go B: to go C: gone D: going.
④Kity was ＿＿at everything he saw.
A: surprising B: surprise C: surprised D: to surprise
⑤I was ＿＿at my grades.
A: disappointed B: disappoint C: disappointing D: to disappoint 2：名词、代词做表语时，其数必须和主语保持一致。
改错：
①We are student.
②These are panda.
③It’s birds.
3：表语常用形容词，而不用其副词形式。
改错：
（1）He is sadly.
（2）He is friendly to everyone.
（3）The food smells bad but it tastes well.
(4)One year later, he turned a writer. (a)
(5)As time went on, his idea was proved right.
四．谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
1：实义动词及其短语作谓语
A stitch in time saves nine.
2：情态动词+动词原形作谓语
The law can not make all men equal ,but they are equal before the law.
3：助动词+实义动词或系动词（多为动词原形）作谓语
You’d better go now ,or you’ll be late for the interview.
4：系动词+表语作谓语
常见错误分析：
1：系动词+表语（名、代、介、形、副、非谓语……）才能构成完整的谓语。注意谓语一定要有动词的参予来完成。
改错。
①He at home now.
②I against / for the plan.
③I in favor of this idea.
④The light on / off then.
⑤He dead now.
⑥I fond of pandas.
⑦He always interested in English.
⑧The book worth reading.
⑨I eager to get your help.
⑩The girl dressed in white then.
⑾My plan to do some shopping today.
⑿I into playing table tennis.
⒀My aim to teach you well.
⒁Tom devoted to his job then.
2：情态动词和助动词虽有实义，但不能单独做谓语，必须和实义动词或系表结构一起构成复合谓语，尤其表语是形容词、副词、介词、时出现错误最多，处理方式是在表语前添加合适的系动词，多为be 的合适形式。
改错：
①You can’t late again.
②He may at home.
③He must away now.
④Tom may dead now.
⑤John must from the USA.
⑥In my opinion ,he will well soon.
⑦He didn’t against the plan.
⑧Mao has dead for 32 years.
⑨They didn’t through the forest.
五．补足语：用于补充说明其他的句子成分。有主补、和宾补两种，用于补充说明主、宾所处的状态、性质、特征等。
宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
请找出下列句子的宾补并指出什么可以充当宾补。
1. He found his new job boring. (形容词作宾补)
2. The called their daughter Mary. (名词作宾补)
3. This placed her in a very difficult position. (介词短语作宾补)
4. We went to here house but found her out. (副词作宾补)
5. What do you advise me to do？(不定式作宾补)
6. We thought him to be an honest man. (tobe作宾补)
7. He believed them to have discussed the problem. (不定式的完成式
作宾补)
8. He believed her to be telling the truth. (不定式的进行式作宾补)
9. Did you notice him come in？(不带to的不定式作宾补)
10. I saw her chatting with Nancy. (现在分词作宾补)
11. He watched the piano carried upstairs. (过去分词作宾补)
注意1：在这个结构中，可以出现用it作形式上的宾语，把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语的后面。在此结构中，宾语常常是动词不
定式或宾语从句。
He felt it his duty to mention this to her.
分析：it是形式宾语，his duty是宾语补足语，to mention this to her
是真正的宾语。
I think it best that you should stay with us.
分析：it是形式宾语，best是宾语补足语，that you should stay with us是真正的宾语。
主补：对主语的补充。
He was elected monitor.
She was found singing in the next room.
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.
to do … , doing , -ed 作补语的区别。
注意2：-ing 作宾补表示正在进行的动作，强调动作的一部分；若宾语是动作的发出者，用其主动式，若宾语是动作的承受者用其被动式。to do 作宾补强调动作的全过程，若宾语是动作的承受者，用其被动式；若宾语是动作的发出者，用其主动式。ed 作宾补表示已完成的动作，宾语是动作的承受者。
选择：(1)He raised his voice to make himself＿＿.
A ：hear
B : heard
C : hearing D: to hear
(2)．I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise＿＿on.
A : go
B going
C gone
D to go
(3)．I saw him＿＿nothing at the meeting from beginning to end.
A say
B said
C saying
D to say
(4)．The thief came in , with his hands＿＿.
A tying
B tied
C tie
D to tie
注意3：有些动词后跟不定式时需省去符号to ：watch , observe , see , look , look at , notice ; hear ,listen to , make , have , let , feel ,help 可带可不带。
六．定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
请找出下列句子的定语并指出什么可以充当定语。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词）
He is our friend. （代词）
We belong to the third world. （数词）
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）
The man over there is my old friend.(副词)
The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)
The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词）
The trees planted last year are growing well now.（过去分词）
I have an idea to do it well. （不定式）
You should do everything that I do. （定语从句）
注意1：名词作定语时，须用其单数形式，不可用其所有格或复数形式。在变为复数时，只变被修饰的名词，man 或woman 作定语时，则两者都变。
a shoe shop
men’s teachers
注意2：在表示只有一人担任的头衔、职务的名词在作句子的表语、同位语、补足语、介词宾语时，不加冠词：常见的名词有：president , captain , monitor , headmaster , head-teacher , head , manager 等
We elected Hu president of China.
常见错误分析：
1：单个形容词作定语修饰不定代词时，需要后置
2：表语形容词作定语时常后置如：awake 、afraid 、asleep、ashamed 、alike 等。
He was the only person awake at that time.
3：当else 作形容词修饰不定代词或疑问代词如：who 、what 、which等时要后置
I have something else to say.
4：表示长、宽、高、深等度量的形容词作定语时常后置。
This is a room five meters wide.
5：有些形容词如present 、adopted 、concerned 、absent 、opposite 等既可前置也可后置，但意义不同：
①present adj: 前置：目前的现在的后置：出席的
What do you think of the present government ?
The people present are mostly famous scientists.
②★adopted adj : 前置：收养的
后置：采用的
He is an adopted son.
What’s your solution adopted ?
③concerned adj: 前置：担心的关心的。后置：有关的
There is a concerned expression on her face.
T he persons concerned are to be punished
④absent adj : 前置：心不在焉的。后置：缺席的
Jack sat at the desk in an absent way.
The workers absent must make up for the meeting.
⑤opposite adj : 前置：相反的。后置：对面的
The bird flew away in the opposite direction.
he shop opposite sells apples.
⑥overseas 既是adj 又是adv 作定语时意义不同
Overseas students =students from overseas 外国留学生
Students overseas =students who are overseas 出国留学生
⑦responsible前置意为“负责任的”，后置意为‘负责的，掌管的“。
如：a responsible man 意为“一位负责任的人”，a man responsible 则意为“一位负责人”
⑧involved前置意为“复杂的”，后置意为“涉及的，相关的”
如：the people involved 意为“所涉及的人” ，the involved story意为“复杂的经历”
七．状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。状语用副词,不用形容词
请找出下列句子的状语并指出是什么状语。
I will go there tomorrow. (时间)
The meeting will be held in the meeting room. (地点)
The meat went bad because of the hot weather. (原因)
He studies hard to learn English well. (目的)
He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam.(结果)
I like some of you very much. (程度)
If you study hard, you will pass the exam. (条件)
He goes to school by bike. (方式)
Though he is young, he can do it well. (让步)
常见错误分析：
1：副词作状语时，用以修饰动词、形容词、或句子；形容词作补足语时用来补充说明主、宾所的状态、性质、特征。
选择：
①He found the question difficult / difficultly
②I think it impossible / impossibly for us to defeat them physically.
③He worked hard / hardly to realize his dream.
④All made it easy /easily for us to enter a key university.
⑤Dressed in nothing ,the emperor walked in the street proud / proudly.
⑥The question is great /greatly different from that one.
⑦This room is the same size /big as that one.
2：分词及不定式作状语时，须贺逻辑主语保持一致，逻辑主语多为句子的主语。
①In order to make our city green ＿＿＿.
A: it’s necessary to have planted more trees.
B: many more trees need to be planted.
C: our city needs more trees
D: we must plant more trees.
②＿＿＿time ,he’ll become a writer.
A: Given B : Giving C: To give D: Having given
③While watching TV , ＿＿＿
A: the doorbell rang B: the doorbell rings
C: we heard the doorbell ring D: we heard the doorbell rings
④＿＿＿as a means of traffic in china ,the bike is very useful.
A: used B: using C: To use D: use
八、同位语：指两个或两个以上的词语指同一个事物作同一个句子成
分。
It’s my friend ,John.（名词）
Myra herself had got a medal for her work for the aged．代词
His old dream of going round the world came back，but this time he would sail （介词of引出动名词作同位语）
The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true．从句
九、插入语：是对一句话，某一个词或词组做些附加的解释或说明
有时表达说话者的态度和看法；有时起强调作用；有时是为了引起对方的注意；还可以起转移话题或说明事由的作用；也可以承上启下，使句子衔接得更紧密一些，通常用逗号与其它成分隔开，且和其他句子成分没有语法上的联系，将它删掉后，句子结构依然完整。To tell you the truth ,I’m not interested in that matter. 不定式
Judging from his clothes ,he may be an artist. 分词
By the way ,how can I get to the rail station ？介词短语
Do not plant ,for example ,rice year after year in the same field.
This is , surely , a very good book. 副词
Most important of all ,we must learn the skills. 形容词
He can’t pass the exam ,because he doesn't study hard.what’s more ,he isn’t so clever.句子
句子结构
简单句的五个基本句型：
一．主谓结构（主语＋不及物动词）
在这一句型中，动词为不及物动词及不及物的动词词组。在有的句子中，不及物动词可以有状语修饰。
1.The sun is rising.
2.I'll try.
注意：在此句型中，有少数不及物动词表达被动含义，表达主语本身所具有的特性，不用被动语态。
1.The book sells well.
2.The window won't shut.
3.The pen writes smoothly.
4.Cheese cuts easily.
翻译：1.会议将持续两个小时。
2.她昨天回家很晚。
3.那天早上我们谈了很多。
4.在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。
5 1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。
6.这个盒子重五公斤。
1The meeting will last two hours.
2 She went home very late yesterday evening.
3That morning we talked a great deal.
4Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.
5The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.
6This box weighs five kilos.
二．主谓宾结构（主语＋及物动词＋宾语）
在此句型中，动词为及物动词
1那位先生能流利地说三种语言。
2今天下午我想同你谈谈。
3这本书他读过多次了。
4他们成功地完成了计划。
5你们必须在两周内看完这些书。
6 Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。
7我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。
8他不知道说什麽好。
1.That gentlemen can speak three languages fluently.
2.I want to talk with you this afternoon.
3.He has read this book many times.
4.They have carried out the plan successfully.
5.You must finish reading these books in two weeks.
6.Jim cannot dress himself.
7.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.
8.He did not know what to say.
三。主系表结构（主语＋系动词＋表语）
1.Iron feels cold in winter.
2. This idea sounds good.
3. He looks young.
4.The weather remains cool these days.
5.The flowers in front of the house smell nice.
翻译：1.这个报告听起来很有意思。
2.树叶已经变黄.
3布朗夫人看起来很健康。了。
4十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。
5孩子们，请保持安静。
6.她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。
1。The report sounds interesting.
2.The leaves have turned yellow.
3 Mrs Brown looks very healthy.
4At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist.
5 Children, keep quiet please.
6Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.
四．双宾语结构（主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）主语--动词--间接宾语（人）--直接宾语（物）
第一种情况，间接宾语可以改为to引导的短语。
He handed me a letter.
He handed a letter to me.
第二种情况，间接宾语可以改为for引导的短语。
She sang us a folk song.
She sang a folk for us.
第三种情况，直接宾语可以由宾语从句充当。
Tell him I'm out.
Can you inform me where Miss Green lives？
翻译：1.我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？
2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。
3. 请你给我弄一本新的，好吗？
4. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？
5. 他把车票给列车员看。
6. 这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。
7. 我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。
8. Robinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船。
1．Shall I call you a taxi?
2．Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
3.Will you please get me a new copy?
4．Would you please pass me the dictionary?
5．He showed the ticket to the conductor.
6．This term I have written three letters to my parents.
7．My father has bought me a new bike.
8．Robinson Crusoe made himself a boat.
五．动词+宾语+宾补（n./adj./adv./-ing/-ed/to do）Examples: 在此句型中的动词，叫做可以跟复合宾语的动词。后面的宾语补足语是说明宾语的情况的，宾语和宾语补足语一起被称做复合宾语。
1. We wished the pop singer to succeed.
2.We made the young man our manager.
3.The news made her happy.
4. Her father made her learn drawing after school.
5. When I came in, I found him writing a letter.
6. My bike is broken, I’ll have it repaired tomorrow.
翻译：1.他的父母给他取名为John.
2.我们大家都认为他是诚实的。
3.我们要使学校变得更美丽。
4.他请我们参加做游戏。
5.明天我要找人来修理机器。
6.每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。
7.他每个月理一次发。
8.那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了
9.他感到很难跟你交谈。
10.我想乘船去那里更舒服些。
11.学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。
12.我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。
1.His parents named him John.
2.All of us considered him honest.
3.We will make our school more beautiful.
4.He asked us to join in the game.
5.Tomorrow I’ll have someone repair the machine.
6.Every morning we hear him read English aloud.
7.He has his hair cut once a month.
8.The terrible sound made the children frightened.
9.He felt it very difficult to talk with you.
10.I think it more comfortable to go there by ship.
11.The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when
class begins.
12.I thought it no use talking with that man
句子结构与成分易错大盘点
外研版英语句子结构与成分易错大盘点 一、句子结构与成分 1．You may know all the words on the right, but which of the following carries meaning? A. A friend self is a second. B. A second is self a friend. C. A friend is a second self. D. Self a second is a friend. 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：你可能知道右面所有的单词，但是下列哪个句子是有意义的？second，第二个；friend，朋友；self，你自己；a，不定冠词表示数量一；C为正确选项，意为：朋友是另一个自己。故选C。 【点评】考查连词成句。先确定句意，根据语法知识将词连接成句。 2．Which of the following sentences is correct? A. He came in and sat down. B. We all like
句子成分与结构
句子成分与结构 一、主语 1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. 7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language. 二、谓语 1、简单谓语 He practices running every morning. The plane took off at ten o’clock. 2、复合谓语 （1）You may keep the book for two weeks. （2）Do you speak English？ They are working in a field. He has caught a bad cold. （3）We are students. 三、表语 1.His job is to teach English. 2.His hobby is playing football. 3. The speech is exciting. 4. The truth is that he has never been abroad. 四、宾语 1.He is doing his homework. 2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. 3.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. 4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday. 5.He pretended not to see me. 6.I enjoy listening to popular music. 7.I think（that）he is fit for his office. 五、宾补 1.His father named him Xiaoming. 2.They painted their boat white. 3.Let the fresh air in. 4.You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. 5.We saw her entering the room. 6.We found everything in the lab in good order. 7.We will soon make our city what your city is now. 六、定语 1.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.
句子成分分析
句子成分分析 （一）知识要点 1什么是句子 句子是由词或词组构成的，是具有一定语调并表达一个完整意思的语言运用单位。根据用途和语气，句子可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。根据结构可分为单句和复句。我们今天要研究的是单句，要给它划分成分。 2.句子成分的名称及符号 名称：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。 符号：主语= 谓语—宾 语? 定语（）状语[ ] 补语< > ①句子的基本成分是：主语、谓语、宾语。 补充成分是：定语、状语、补语。 ②主语部分和谓语部分之间可用II划开。 3.（1）划分句子成分，首先要研究主语、谓语、宾语。 主语：是谓语陈述的对象，指明说的是“什么人”或“什么事 物”。 谓语：是陈述主语，说明主语的，说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”。 宾语：在动词后面，表示动作、行为所涉及的人或事物，回答“谁”或“什么” 一类问题。 句子一般有两种情况：写人、写物（写事、写物）。分析句子时，首先判断是人”还是“写物”。 ①.写人格式：“谁”+ “干什 么” （主语） （谓 语） （宾语） 例：杨亚II写字 主谓宾 注意：处理复杂的单句时，要抓主干。 例：一中的杨亚丨在课桌上写着毛笔 字。 主谓宾②.写物 格式：“什么事”或“什么物” + “怎么样”
（主语）（谓语、宾语） 例：猫II捉鱼 主谓宾 例：一只小猫II在盆边捉了一条大鱼 主谓宾 注意：“是”为典型的动词，一般是“谓语”。 例如：他II是学生 主谓宾 （2）.划分句子成分，还要抓住枝干（定语、状语、补语）定语：在句子中起着修饰、限制主语或宾语中心语的作用。 状语：修饰、限制谓语中心语，一般在谓语中心语前面，有的在句子最前面，交待时间、地点、范围、情况等。 补语：对谓语中心语起补充说明作用，一般放在谓语中心语之后。 例：画眉唱歌 这是一个把主语中心语、谓语中心语、宾语中心语单提出的句子。原句是“两只美丽的画眉高兴地唱一首歌。” ①?（两只美丽的）画眉 “两只美丽”是“画眉”--主语中心语的修饰部分，叫“定语”。 ②.［高兴］地唱 谓语中心语“唱”前边的修饰、限制成分--“高兴”为“状语”。 ③.（一首）歌 宾语中心语“歌”前的修饰、限制部分--“一首”为“定语”。 ④?歌唱得v好〉 修饰、限制谓语中心语“唱”，并放在它后面的部分--“好”为“补语”。 4?划分句子的口诀： （1）句子成分要划对，（2）纵观全局找主 谓。（3）主前定状谓后补，（4）谓前只有状地位。（5）“的”定“地”状“得”后补，（6）宾语只受谓支配。 示例及练习部分 划分句子成分练习 1、鲁班是我国古代春秋时期一位著名的建筑工匠。 答案：（鲁班）主语（是）谓语（我国古代春秋时期一位著名的建筑）定语（工匠）宾语。
(完整版)英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解
一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解： （一）句子成分 1.主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。 The sun rises in the east.（名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） 找出下列句中的主语： Jane is good at playing the piano.（名词） She went out in a hurry.（代词） Four plus four is eight.（数词） To see is to believe.（不定式） Smoking is bad for health.（动名词） The young should respect the old.（名词化的形容词）What he has said is true. （句子） 2.谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。）： 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. 3.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
初中语文句子成分分析三图教你看懂句子结构
初中语文句子成分分析，三图教你看懂句子结构 从句法结构的关系意义出发，对句子作成分功能或作用分析的方法叫句子成分分析法，即用各种方法标出基本成分（主语、谓语、宾语）和次要成分（状语、补语）。 句子成分有六种——主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。 汉语句子成分口诀： 主谓宾、定状补，主干枝叶分清楚。 定语必居主宾前，谓前为状谓后补。 状语有时位主前，逗号分开心有数。 图解三大类句子 1、常用语句 2、兼语语句 （前谓语为使令性动词） 3、主观语句 （谓语为感官心理方面的动词） 注明 主干成份——主语、谓语、宾语； 附加成份——定语、状语、补语。
主语“”标注，谓语“__”标注，宾语“波浪线”标注；定语“（）”标注，状语“【】”标注，补语“< >”标注。 下面我们进行一一分析： 一、主语 多表示人或事物，是句子里被陈述的对象，在句首能回答“谁”或者“什么”等问题。可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。例如：（1）今天晚上‖特别冷。 主语（偏正短语）谓语 （2） [明天这个时候]，我们‖就可以走出戈壁滩了。 状语（时间）主语（代词）谓语 以动作、性状或事情做陈述的对象的主语句。例如： （1）笑‖是具有多重意义的语言。 主语（动词）谓语 （2）公正廉洁‖是公职人员行为的准则。 主语（形容词联合短语）谓语 二、谓语
是用来陈述主语的，能回答主语“怎么样”或“是什么”等问题。谓语可以由动词来担任,一般放在主语的后面。 （1）动词性词语经常做谓语。例如： 他‖[只]答应了<一声>。 主语谓语（状语+动词+补语） 南海一中‖留下<过>(许多人)的梦。 主语谓语（动词+补语+定语+宾语） 我‖[最近]去<了><一趟>北京。 主语谓语（状+动+补+宾） （2）形容词性词语也经常做谓语。例如：太阳‖热烘烘的。 主语谓语（形容词+的） 人参这种植物,‖娇嫩<极了>。 主语谓语（形容词+补语） 说话‖[要]简洁<些>。 主语谓语（状语+形容词+补语） （3）主谓短语做谓语。例如： 这件事‖大家都赞成。
句子成分和句子结构讲解有答案精品
【关键字】英语、情况、条件、会议、计划、主动、继续、健康、持续、保持、需要、方式、作用、结构、分析、衔接、引导、关心、主动性 句子成分 一．主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 1.请找出下列句子的主语并指出什么（词，短语或句子）可以充当主语。 The sun rises in the east. （名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） 常见错误分析 2：动词及其短语在作句子的主语时，只能使用其to do 或doing 的形式。其中不定式强调具体的某一次的动作，-ing 强调经常发生的动作。 改错：1.play computer games does no good to us. 2.Have a walk in the street is her hobby. 3.Go home at once is his decision 4.Make more friends will do good to us. 5.I’m like computer very much. 6.The story was happening the year before last. 二．宾语： 1．动作的承受者-----动宾 请找出下列句子的宾语并指出什么可以充当宾语。 I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词） How many do you need? We need two. （数词） I enjoy working with you. （动名词） I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句） 2．介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake/me/fighting? 3．双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） He gave me a book yesterday. 常见错误分析 1：介词后跟宾语时，必须为：名词、代词、ing 或wh型的连接词引导的从句。 改错：①I am fond of play basketball. ②He’s cra zy about read story books. ③I am sorry for late. ④I felt terribly sad for absent from class. 2：动词及其短语在作句子的主语或宾语时，只能使用其to do 或doing 的形式。其中不定式强调具体的某一次的动作，-ing 强调经常发生的
句子结构和成分分析
句子结构及成分 ①相关概念 1.词性的英文缩写 在英语学习中，掌握单词词性非常重要。如果我们在记单词的时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话，我们就不知道如何使用它们，所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。 缩写字母原词代表词性 n. noun 名词 v. verb 动词 vt.transitive verb 及物动词 vi.intransitive verb 不及物动词modal v. modal verb 情态动词 aux. v. auxiliary verb 助动词 adj.adjective 形容词 adv.adverb 副词 num. numeral 数词 interj. interjection 感叹词 pron. pronoun 代词 prep.preposition 介词 art. article 冠词 conj conjunction 连词 2.及物动词和不及物动词 实义动词后面跟宾语时，这个动词是及物动词。 实义动词后面不跟宾语时，此时这个动词是不及物动词。 The door opened. (open后面没跟宾语，此时，open是不及物动词。) He opened the door. (open后面有宾语the door, 此时，open是及物动词。) 注意：英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。 有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，词义相同。如： The meeting began at six. < vi.> We began the meeting at six. < vt.> 有(答疑qq 329950885)些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，但词义不同。如： The man walked away. (walk不及物动词，意为“走”) He walked the dog every day. ( walk及物动词，“遛”) She washes clothes at home. (wash及物动词，“洗”) The clothes washes well. (wash不及物动词，“耐洗”)英语中一些单词是及物还是不及物，可能与汉语不同。He listens to the music every day. (listen为不及物动词，而汉语中“听”是及物动词。) 指出下列句中斜体动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，及物动词填vt.，不及物填vi.。 考点1.Most birds can fly.（） 考点2.The children are flying kites in the park. ( ) 考点3.It happened yesterday.（） 考点4.My watch stopped.（） 考点5.The baby stopped crying when he saw his mother. ( ) 考点6.She spoke at the meeting this morning. （）考点7.Shall I begin at once?（） 考点8.She began working as a teacher after she left school.（）（） 考点9.When did they leave Beijing?（） 考点10.They left last week. （） 3.实义动词、助动词与情态动词 实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义和作用来划分的。实义动词也叫行为动词。 实义动词 指的是那些意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。 如： He lives quite near. (live“住”，有明确的意义，单独作谓语，为实义动词。) I like reading. （like “喜欢”，意思明确，单独作谓 语，为实义动词。） I bought a pen yesterday. （bought “买”，意义明确， 单独作谓语，为实义动词。） 助动词 助动词的“助”是“帮助”之意。因此，助动词是指那些用来帮助构成时态、语态、虚拟语气、疑问句、否定句、倒装句和帮助强调的词。这些词本身无词汇意义或意义不完全，不能单独作谓语。 帮助构成时态的： The boy is crying.(is 用来帮助构成现在进行时，和crying一起作谓语，是助动词。) He has arrived. (has用来帮助构成现在完成时，和arrived一起作谓语，是助动词。) I have been painting all day. （have been用来帮助构成
(完整word版)句子成分及句子结构
句子结构及成分 1.及物动词和不及物动词 实义动词后面跟宾语时，这个动词是及物动词。实义动词后面不跟宾语时，此时这个动词是不及物动词。 The door opened. He opened the door. The meeting began at six. < vi.> We began the meeting at six. < vt.> 指出下列句中斜体动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，及物动词填vt.，不及物填vi.。 考点1.Most birds can fly.（） 考点2.The children are flying kites in the park. ( ) 考点3.It happened yesterday.（） 考点4.My watch stopped.（） 考点5.The baby stopped crying when he saw his mother. ( ) 考点6.She spoke at the meeting this morning. （） 考点7.Shall I begin at once?（） 考点8.She began working as a teacher after she left school.（）（） 考点9.When did they leave Beijing?（） 考点10.They left last week. （） 2.实义动词、助动词与情态动词 实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义和作用来划分的。实义动词也叫行为动词。 实义动词 指的是那些意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。如： He lives quite near. (live“住”，有明确的意义，单独作谓语，为实义动词。) I like reading. （like “喜欢”，意思明确，单独作谓语，为实义动词。） I bought a pen yesterday. （bought “买”，意义明确，单独作谓语，为实义动词。） 助动词 助动词的“助”是“帮助”之意。因此，助动词是指那些用来帮助构成时态、语态、虚拟语气、疑问句、否定句、倒装句和帮助强调的词。这些词本身无词汇意义或意义不完全，不能单独作谓语。 帮助构成时态的： The boy is crying.He has arrived. I have been painting all day. Does he like English?
句子结构及成分
基础知识 目录 1.词性的英文缩写 2.及物动词和不及物动词 3. 实义动词、助动词、情态动词和连系动词 4. 句子成分 5. 简单句的五种基本结构 6. 谓语和非谓语 7. 主动关系和被动关系 8. 逻辑上的主谓关系 9. 复合结构 10.简单句、并列句和复合句 1.词性的英文缩写 在英语学习中掌握单词词性非常重要。如果记单词时只记拼写、读音而不记词性，我们就不知道如何使用它们，所以在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。 缩写字母原词代表词性 n. noun 名词 v. verb 动词 vt.transitive verb 及物动词 vi.intransitive verb 不及物动词 modal v. modal verb 情态动词 aux. v. auxiliary verb 助动词 adj.adjective 形容词 adv.adverb 副词 num. numeral 数词 interj. interjection 感叹词 pron. pronoun 代词 prep.preposition 介词 art. article 冠词 conj conjunction 连词 2.及物动词和不及物动词 (1)实义动词后跟宾语时，这个动词是及物动词。实义动词后面不跟宾语时，这个动词是不及物动词。The door opened. (open后面没跟宾语，open是vi)
He opened the door.(open后面有宾语the door, open是vt) 注：动词是及物还是不，关键看它在句中时后面是否跟宾语。 (2)有些动词既可作vt又可作vi，词义相同。 The meeting began at six. < vi.> We began the meeting at six. < vt.> (3)有些动词既可作vt又可作vi，但词义不同。 The man walked away. (walk vi，意为“走”)He walked the dog every day. ( walk vt，“遛”) She washes clothes at home. (wash vt，“洗”)The clothes washes well. (wash vi，“耐洗”) (4)英语中一些单词是及物还是不及物，可能与汉语不同。 He listens to the music every day. (listen为vi，汉语中“听”是vt。) 3.实义动词、助动词、情态动词和连系动词 (1)实义动词也叫行为动词。 实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义和作用来划分的。指意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。 He lives quite near. (live“住”，有明确意义，单独作谓语，为实义动词。) I like reading. （like “喜欢”，意思明确，单独作谓语，为实义动词。） I bought a pen yesterday. （bought “买”，意义明确，单独作谓语，为实义动词。） (2)助动词常见助动词为do, be, have，它们为基本助动词。 助动词的“助”是“帮助”之意。是帮助构成时态、语态、虚拟语气、疑问句、否定句、倒装句和帮助强 调的词。这些词本身无词汇意义或意义不完全，不能单独作谓语。 A.帮助构成时态 The boy is crying.(is帮助构成现在进行时，和crying一起作谓语，是助动词。) He has arrived. (has帮助构成现在完成时，和arrived一起作谓语，是助动词。) I have been painting all day.（have been帮助构成现在完成进行时，和painting一起作谓语，都是助动词。）B.帮助构成否定句和疑问句 Does he like English? (does帮助构成一般疑问句，没有具体意义，是助动词。) He does n’t have lunch at home. (does只是帮助构成否定句，没有具体意义，是助动词。) C.帮助构成被动语态 Trees are planted in spring. (are帮助构成被动语态，没有具体意义，是助动词。) The house has been pulled down. (has been帮助构成时态和语态，是助动词。) D.帮助构成虚拟语气 If he had come yesterday, I wouldn’t have made such a mistake.(had, have帮助构成虚拟语气，是助动词， 属于谓语的一部分) E.帮助构成倒装句
英语句子成分、句子结构讲解及练习
主语（subject ）: 句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. （名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It 形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） 谓语（predicate ）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We study English. He is asleep. 表语（predicative ）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-four! You don ’t look it. （代词） Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词） His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词） To wear a flower is to say “I ’m poor, I can ’t buy a ring. （不定式） The question is whether they will come. （表语从句） （常见的系动词有: be, sound （听起来）, look （看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell （闻起来）, taste （尝、吃起来）, remain （保持，仍是）, feel （感觉） ... It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired. 宾语： 1）动作的承受者-----动宾 I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词） How many do you need We need two. （数词） We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词） I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said （宾语从句） 2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3） 双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monitor. （名词） We all think it a pity that she didn ’t come here. （名） We will make them happy. （形容词） We found nobody in. ( 副词 ) Please make yourself at home. （介词短语） Don ’t let him do that. （省to 不定式） His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to 不定式） Don ’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词） I ’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词） 主补：对主语的补充。 He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。 Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is our friend. （代词） We belong to the third world. （数词） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词） The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词) The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词） The trees planted last year are growing well now.过分 I have an idea to do it well.（不定式） You should do everything that I do.（定语从句）
句子成分和句子结构
句子成分 组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语.谓语.表语.宾语.宾语补足语.定语.状语等。顺序一般是主语，谓语.宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。 1、主语 主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词.代词.数词.不定式等充当。 He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。 2、谓语 谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。 一般可分为两类： 1)简单谓语: 由动词(或短语动词)构成。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。 We study for the people.我们为人民学习。 My sister is a nurse.我姐姐是护士。 2)复合谓语：情态动词＋动词 I can speak a little English.我可以说一点英语。 3、宾语 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式等。 We like English.我们喜欢英语。 有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。 He gave me some ink.他给了我一点墨水。 有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如： We make him our monitor.我们选他当班长。 4、表语 表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当，它常位于连系动词（be, become, appear, seem 等）之后。 Africa is a big continent.非洲是个大洲。 I feel much better today.我今天感觉好多了。 5、定语 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。 用作定语的主要是形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，动词不定式，介词短语等。形容词，代词，数词，名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。 He is a new student.他是个新生。 但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。 The bike in the room is mine.房间里的自行车是我的。 6、状语 修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词，介词短语，不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。 My parents often tell us about their bitter life in the past．我父母经常给我们讲他们过去的苦难
句子成分分析(学生版)
——句子成分的分析 the book on the desk (课桌上的那本书) 介词短语在这里是作定语修饰book，课桌上（on the desk）上的那本书，不是房间里的、凳子上的等等. 那么经常作定语的有哪些呢主要有：形容词、介词短语、冠词、代词（比如：his book 中his 是来作定语来修饰book的）数词。其中，形容词、介词短语作定语最常见，而且要注意其位置，形容词作定语一般在修饰词之前（前置定语），介词短语一般在修饰词之后（后置定语），你可以参见上面的例句。 现在来试试身手，请找出下面各句中所有的定语，并指出是由什么充当的定语。 1、The little boy needs a blue pen.小男孩需要一支蓝色的钢笔。 2、Two boys need two pens.两个男孩需要两支钢笔。 3、 His boy needs Tom's pen.他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。 4、There are two boys of Toms there.那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。 5、The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。 6、The boy in blue is Tom.穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。 7、There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.有两个9岁的，三个10岁的男孩。 到此为止，我们把绝大部分句子成分已经侃完（只剩下一个句子成分-----同位语，没介绍，感兴趣的同学可查阅有关资料），下面我们主要侃一侃在句子分析实践过程中我们可能常遇到的疑难问题。 1）是状语还是定语区别是定语还是状语关键是看修饰什么词的，一般来讲，定语是来修饰名词或代词的，状语是来修饰谓语动词的。例如； I like the book on the desk . 你说这里的划线部分on the desk 是作定语的还是作状语的呢显然，是作定语的，因为如果是作状语的，那么就是来修饰动词like的，他在课桌上喜欢那本书，显然讲不通。也就是说到底是定语还是状语一是根据它修饰的词二是根据句子意思看能否讲的通。
句子结构与成分过关测试
句子结构与成分过关测试 一、句子结构与成分 1．The sentence structure of "They talked for an hour." is " ". A. S+V+O B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V+A 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：句子"They talked for an hour."的结构是什么？A.主语+谓语+宾语； B.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语； C.主语+谓语+状语。they是主语；talked是谓语；for an hour是状语，故选C。 【点评】考查句子结构，注意平时识记其分类。 2．—What an interesting story she told us! —Yes, and her voice sounded ________. A. sweet B. small C. clearly D. sadly 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：——他给我们讲的是多么有趣的故事啊！——是的，她的声音听起来很甜美。sweet甜的；small小的；clearly清楚地；sadly伤心地。sound是系动词，后跟形容词，故选A。 【点评】考查系表结构。 3．John calls his dog Eddie. The structure of the sentence is _______. A. S+V+O B. S+V+P C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+DO+OC 【答案】D 【解析】【分析】句意：约翰叫他的狗Eddie.这个句子的结构是_____________.根据句子可知这个句子的结构是：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。故答案为D。 【点评】考查句子成分。牢记句子成分。 4．Choose the correct structure（结构） of this sentence "He lent me a book." A. S+V+O B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V+P D. S+V+DO+OC 【答案】B 【解析】【分析】句意“He lent me a book”。he为主语S；lent为谓语V；me为间接宾语IO; a book为直宾DO。故结构为S+V+IO+DO。故选B。 【点评】此题考查简单句的结构。 5．Dora's dream is ________ an English teacher when she grows up. A. for being B. to being C. to be D. be 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意：Dora的梦想是当她长大时成为一名英语老师。to do不定式做表
句子成分及句子结构
基本句型： 所谓基本句型就是句子结构的基本“格局”，也就是千变万化的句子结构的雏形。正是这种有限的分句结构雏形及其转化形式，能够衍生出无限的实际使用中的句子。现代英语的基本句型有五种：1．主—动—补(SVC)结构：在SVC结构中，谓语动词通常是连系动词(linking verb)be的各种形式。 S: subject 主语V: verb 谓语动词C: complement 补语 例句： That car is mine. She is in good health. My brother has become an engineer(工程师). These flowers smell (are) fragrant(芳香的). All the tourists (游客) seemed pleased. 2. 主—动(SV)结构：在SV结构中，谓语动词通常是不及物动词(intransitive verb)。 例句： Iron rusts (生锈).You suck! Everything sucks! Everybody laughed. The guests have arrived. Prices (价格) are going down. The children are sleeping.
3. 主—动—宾(SVO)结构 O: object 宾语 在SVO结构中，谓语动词通常是及物动词(transitive verb)，随后必须跟宾语，带一个宾语的及物动词又叫做“单宾语及物动词”。 例句： I want a return ticket (返程票). Liverpool(利物浦队) 【S】won 【V】the game【O】. Nobody could answer the question. The train is building up speed (加速). The plane (飞机) is losing altitude (降低高度). 4．主—动—宾—宾(SVoO)结构deny sb sth. 在SVoO结构中，及物动词之后必须跟两个宾语（间接宾语和直接宾语），这种动词又叫做“双宾语及物动词”。 o: 间接宾语（一般指人）O：直接宾语（一般指物）例句： I gave you a book. (I gave a book to you) I sent him a telegram (电报). (I sent a telegram to him) Mary lent (出借) me her car. (Mary lent her car to me) David showed (展示，出示，指出) me the way. (David showed the way to/for me.) Someone left you this note (字条，便条). (Someone left this note to you.) I made myself a cup of tea. (I made a cup of tea for myself)