《植树的牧羊人》中考阅读练习及答案(二)

阅读下面文章，完成10-12题。

植树的牧羊人（节选）

（法）让·乔诺

1那是在1913年，我长途跋涉走进法国普罗旺斯地区，在游人稀少的阿尔卑斯山地，做了一次旅行。这里海拔一千二三百米，一眼望去，到处是荒地。光秃秃的山上，稀稀拉拉地长着一些野生的薰衣草。在无边无际的荒野中，我走了三天，终于来到一个废弃的村庄前。我在倒塌的房屋旁边支起帐篷。从前一天晚上起，就没有水喝了。现在，我必须去找点儿水。我猜想，这里虽然成了废墟，但是，像马蜂窝一样、一间挨一间的房子周围，总会有一口水井，或是一眼泉水吧！我确实找到了一个泉眼，可惜已经干涸了。这里有五六栋没了屋顶的房子，任由风吹雨打。旁边还有一座教堂，钟楼也已经坍塌了。这一切，让人能想象出当时人们在这里生活的情景，如今，却一点儿生气也没有了。那是六月晴朗的一天，太阳快要把人烤焦了。在毫无遮拦的高地上，风吹得人东倒西歪。狂风呼啸着穿过破房子的缝隙，像一只饥饿的野兽发出吼叫。我打消了在这里过夜的念头。

2我继续向前走了五个小时，我还是没有找到水，连一点儿希望都没有。到处是干旱的土地和杂草，我看见远处有一个黑影。开始我，还以为是一棵枯树，但没有选择，我还是朝那儿走了过去。原来是一个牧羊人，他周围还有三十来只羊，懒懒的卧在滚烫的山地

上。

3牧羊人让我喝了他水壶里的水，又带我去了他山上的小屋。他从一口深井里给我打了一些水，井水甜丝丝的。井台上，装着简单的吊绳。这个男人不太爱说话，独自生活的人往往这样。不过，他显得自信、平和。在我眼里，他就像这块不毛之地上涌出的神秘泉水。

4他不住帐篷，而是住在一座结实的石头房子里。看得出，他是一点一点地把一座破旧的房子修整成现在的样子的。房顶很严实，一滴水也不漏。风在瓦上，发出海浪拍打沙滩上的声音。房间里收拾得很整洁，餐具洗得干干净净，地板上没有一点儿灰尘，猎枪也上过了油，炉子上，还煮着一锅热腾腾的汤。看得出，他刚刚刮过胡子。他的衣服扣子缝的结结实实，补丁的针脚也很细，几乎看不出来。

5我们一起喝了热汤。饭后，我要把烟袋递给他，可是，他回答说不吸烟。他的那条大狗也像主人一样，安静，忠厚，不张扬。

6牧羊人拿出一个袋子，从里面倒出一堆橡子，散在桌上。接着，一颗一颗仔细地挑选起来。他要把好的橡子和坏的橡子分开。我抽着烟，想帮他挑。但他说不用我帮忙。看他挑的那么认真，那么仔细，我也就不再坚持了。这就是我们所有的交流。过了一会儿，他挑出了一堆好的橡子，每一颗都很饱满。接着，他按十个一堆把它们分开。他一边数，一边又把个儿小的，或者有裂缝的拣了出去。最后，挑出了一百颗又大又好的橡子，他停下手来，我们就去睡了。

......

7这个男人坚持做着自己想做的事。这片一眼望不到边的山毛榉就是证明，它们长得足足有我的肩膀这么高了。那大片的橡树也长得很茂盛，不用再担心被动物吃掉；就算老天爷想把这杰作毁掉，也只能求助龙卷风了。他还指着一片白桦林说，这是五年前种的。他认为谷底比较湿润，就把白桦树种在那里。他是对的，这些白桦树棵棵鲜嫩、挺拔，像笔直站立的少年一样。

8路过山下村子的时候，我在这个曾经干旱无比的地方，看到了溪水。这是老人种树带来的连锁效应，是我见过的最了不起的奇迹！

9从1920年开始，我几乎每年都去看望这位植树的老人。我从没见过他有任何动摇或怀疑，只有天知道这有多难！

101945年的6月，我最后一次见到种树的老人，那年他已87岁了。我再次踏上这条通往荒原的路。我完全认不出这条我曾经走过的路了。一切都变了样，连空气也不一样了。以前那种猛烈而干燥的风，变成了飘着香气的微风；高处传来流水般的声音，那是风穿过树林的响声。

11昔日的荒地如今生机勃勃，成为一片沃土。1913年我来时见到的废墟上，建起了干净的农舍，看得出人们生活得很幸福、舒适。树林留住了雨水和雪水，干涸已久的地里又冒出了泉水。人们挖了水渠，农场边上，枫树林里，流淌着源源不断的泉水，浇灌着长在周围的鲜嫩薄荷。那些废弃的村子一点点重建起来。从地价昂贵的城市搬到这里安家的人带来了青春和活力，还有探索新生活的勇气。一路上，我碰到许多健康的男男女女，孩子们的笑声又开始在热闹的乡村聚会上飘荡。一直住在这里的老一辈人，已经被舒适的新生活改变了。加上新来的居民，一万多口人的幸福生活，都源于这位叫艾尔泽·布菲的老人。

12每当我想到这位老人，他靠一个人的体力与毅力，把这片荒漠变成了绿洲，我就觉得，人的力量是多么伟大啊！可是，想到要做成这样一件事，需要怎样的毅力，怎样的无私，我就从心底里，对这位没有受过什么教育的普通农民，感到无限敬佩。他做到了只有上帝才能做到的事。

10.选文第六段中划线的句子运用了哪种描写方法？表现了牧羊人什么特点？（3分）

11.请从修辞方法运用的角度赏析下面的句子。（3分）

这些白桦树棵棵鲜嫩、挺拔，像笔直站立的少年一样。

12.选文第一段的环境描写有什么作用？（4分）

答案：

10.选文第六段中划线的句子运用了哪种描写方法？表现了牧羊人什么特点？（3分）

动作描写（1分）表现了牧羊人工作时的心无旁骛，说明他是一个极其认真、一丝不苟的人。（2分）

11.请从修辞方法的角度赏析下面的句子。（3分）

这些白桦树棵棵鲜嫩、挺拔，像笔直站立的少年一样。

这个句子用比喻的修辞手法（1分），把白桦树比喻为“笔直站立的少年”，生动形象地描绘出牧羊人在谷底种的白桦树顽强的生命力、充满生机的壮观景象（1分），表达了作者对牧羊人顽强的毅力和无私奉献的精神的歌颂赞美之情（1分）。

12.选文第一段的环境描写有什么作用？（4分）

1为后面写牧羊人的植树做了铺垫（1分），2这大片荒凉的原野、废弃的家园、稀少的人烟、贫瘠的土地、干燥的气候都与后面呈现出来的绿色、富饶、滋润、美丽幸福的乐园似的情景形成鲜明对比（1分），3突出了牧羊人做出的巨大贡献（1分）4表达了作者对牧羊人和慷慨无私、不图回报、无私奉献的精神的歌颂赞美之情（1分）。

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