职称英语考试阅读理解练习题

职称英语考试阅读理解练习题

例题解析：

passage 1

Don?t count on Dung(粪)

Conservationists may be miscalculating the numbers of the threatened animals such as elephants．say African and American researchers．The error Occurs because of a flaw in the way they estimate animal numbers from the piles of dung the creatures leave behind．

The mistake could lead researchers to think that there are twice as many elephants as there really are in some regions．according to Andrew Plumptre of the Wildlife Conservation Society(WCS)in New York．

Biologist Katy Payne of Cornell University in Ithaca，New York，agrees．”We really need to know elephant numbers and the evidence that we have is quite indirect，”says Payne：who electronically tracks elephants．

Counting elephants from aeroplanes is impossible in the vast，equatorial ralnforests of Central Africa．So researchers often estimate elephant numbers by counting dung piles in a given area．They also need to know the rate at which dung decays．Because it?s extremely difficult to determine these rates．however, researchers tallying elephants in one region tend to rely on standard decay rates established elsewhere．But researchers at the WCS have found that this decay rate varies from region to region depending on the climate and environment．Using the wrong values Can lead the census astray, says Plumptre，

He and his colleague Anthony Chifu Nchanji studied decaying elephant dung in the forests of Banyang-Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary in southwest Cameroon．They found that the dung decayed between 55 and 65 per cent more slowly than dung in the rainforests of neighbouring Gabon．If researchers use decay rates from Gabon4 to count elephants in

Cameroon，they would probably find more elephants than are actually around．This could mean estimates in Cameroon at least twice as high as those derived。from decay rates calculated locally，says Plumptre．“However accurate your dung density estimate，the decay rate can severely affect the result．”。

Plumptre also says that the dung．pile census should be carried out over a region similar in size to all elephant?s natural range．The usual technique of monitoring only small，protected areas distorts numbers because elephants move in and out of these regions。he says．“If the elephant populat ion increases within the protected area。you Can not determine whether it is a real increase or whether it is due to elephants moving in because they are being poached outside．”

Plumptre says that similar problems may also plague other animal census studies that rely on indirect evidence such as nests，tracks or burrows．

练习：

1.The word “threatened?? in the first sentence of the first paragraph could be best replaced by

A)…?endangered”．

B)“frightened”．

C)“died”．

D)“angered”．

2.Why do researchers estimate elephant numbers in all area by counting dung piles?

A)Because elephants are difficult to catch．

B)Because it is not possible to count elephants from a plane．

C)Because it is not possible to keep track of elephants．

D)Because elephants are shy animals．

3.Piles of dung can?t be relied upon when it comes to estimating elephant numbers because

A)they are different in size．

B)they scatter all over the region．

C)they are different in the rate of decay．

D)they are different in quality．

4.When researchers carry out a dung·pile census，according to Plumptre，the area selected

should be

A)a small one．

B)a protected one．

C)a monitored one．

D)SO large that elephants can?t move in and out of it freely．

5.All of the following are indirect evidence EXCEPT

A)trunks．

B)dung．

C)nests

D)burrows

l 答案及解析：

文章标题分析：Don?t count on Dung

Conservationists may be miscalculating the numbers of the threatened animals such as elephants, say African and American researchers.（观点句）The error occurs because of a flaw in the way they estimate animal numbers from the piles of dung the creatures leave behind.

根据“Threatened animals”的出现推测文章可能与“生存受到威胁的动物”有关，猜测文章也是与自然环境（动物保护）有关。

直接解题：

1．The word “threatened” in the first paragraph could be best replaced by ___.

A. endangered

B. frightened

C. died

D. angered

1．A。分析：根据常识（环境保护，动物保护）是常见主题，所以推测A（有危险的）是答案。也可以借助原文，文章最后的句子：Plumptre says that similar problems may also plague(使苦恼) other animal census studies that rely on indirect evidence such as nests, tracks or burrows. 该句提到“对其他动物数量的调查研究”，因此可以肯定的判断文章应该与动物保护有关，因此“threatened animals应该是“生存受到威胁的动物”。

提示：需要确认文章主题/中心可以从文章开头或/和结尾处找到相关信息。

2. Why do researchers estimate elephant numbers in an area by counting dung piles?

a. because elephants are difficult to catch

b. because it is not possible to count elephant from a plane

c. because it is not possible to keep track of elephants

d. because elephants are shy animals

2. B。分析：借助常识判断A可能不是答案。被选项都涉及到大象的情况，所以注意文章中描述大象的句子，并注意内容涉及“大象总数很难确认的原因”，这样发现答案相关句：（第4段）counting elephants from airplanes is impossible in the vast, equatorial rainforests of Central Africa. （该句内容是说“从飞机上数大象的数字是不可能的”）So researchers often estimate elephant numbers by counting dung piles in a given area. (与题干内容相关)结合划线句的句意判断B是答案。

3. Piles of dung can?t be relied upon when it comes to estimating elephant numbers

because ___.

A. they are different in size.

B. They scatter all over the region

C. They are different in the rate of decay

D. They are different in quality

3 C。分析：问题说“不能凭借粪的堆数（来确认大象数目）”，注意文章中相

关的句子，这样在上一题的答案相关句后不断发现“decay”这个词，推测C是答案。

相关句内容：They also need to know the rate at which dung decays. Because it?s

extremely difficult to determine these rates, however, researchers tallying(计算)

elephants in one region tend to rely on standard decay rates established elsewhere.这些句子在内容上提到“科学家需要知道粪便的腐烂速度，需要依靠在其他任何地方都被认可的标准腐烂速度”，因此判断C是答案。

4．When researchers carry out a dung-pile census, according to Plumptre, the area

selected should be ___

A. a small one

B. a protected one

C. a monitored one

D. so large that elephants can?t move in and out of it freely

4. D。分析：利用题干中提到的“area”作为答案线索，这样找到答案相关句：Plumptre

also says that the dung-pile census should be carried out over a region similar in size to an elephants? natural range. The usual technique of monitoring only small and protected areas distorts numbers because elephants move in and out of monitoring region, he says.

(划线句大意是“通常采用的监控小面积的，受到保护的地区的做法会使大象的数字变的不真实”)，借助该句内容对比被选项判断D是答案。

5. All of the following are indirect evidence EXCEPT

A. trunks

B. dung

C. nests

D. burrows

5．分析：利用被选项中的词语作为答案线索，这样发现涉及到这些词语的句子：Plumptre says that similar problems may also plague(使苦恼) other animal census studies that rely on indirect evidence such as nests, tracks or burrows.再结合对文章的理解：dung也是间接大象数目确认的证据，因此判断A是答案。

Passage 2

A ride in a cable-car

A ride in a cable．car is one of the most exciting and enjoyable experiences a child Call have．In Switzerland．which is the home of the cable-car，it is used mostly to take tourists up the slope of a mountain，to a restaurant from which one can have a bird?s—eye view of the surrounding country．or to the top of a ski-run，from which，in winter, skiers glide down the snow-covered slope on skis．In Singapore，however, the cable-Car takes one from the summit of a hill on the main island to a low hill on Sentosa，a resort island just off the southern coast．The cable．car is really a carriage which hangs from a strong steel cable suspended in the air．It moves along the cable with other cars on pulleys，the wheels of which are turned by electric motors．The cars are painted in eye catching colours and spaced at regular intervals。．Each Car call seat up to six persons．After the passengers have entered a car, they are 10cked in from outside by an attendant．They have no control over the movement of the car．

Before long，the passengers get a breath-taking view through the glass windows of the modem city, the bustling harbour．and the several islands off the coast．The car is suspended so high in the air that ships on the sea look like small boats，and boats like toys．On a clear day，both the sky above and the sea below look beautifully blue．

In contrast to the fast-moving traffic on the ground，the cars in the air move in a leisurely manner, allowing passengers more than enough time to take in the scenery during the brief trip to the island of Sentosa．After a few hours on Sentosa，it will be time again to take a cable．Car back to Mount Faber．The return journey is no less exciting than the outward trip．

练习：

1．The cable．Car in Singapore

A)takes visitors up to a mountain restaurant

B)takes skiers to the top of a ski．run．

C)takes visitors to Sentosa．

D)takes visitors to a high mountain．

2．Which of the following about the cable-Cars is true?

A)The cars move along the steel cable．

B)The cars are operated by a driver．．

C)The Cars are controlled by the passengers．

D)The cars move on wheels．

3．Passengers call get a breath—taking view when riding in a cable-Car because

A)tar is painted in eye-catching colours．

B)the Car is suspended SO high in the sky．

C)each car call seat up to six persons．

D)both the sky and the sea look beautifully blue．

4．The short trip does not bother passengers who want a good view because

A)the cars move slowly．

B)the Cars move quickly．

C) the cars are suspended very high．

D)the cars have glass windows．

5．The last sentence of the passage，“The return journey is no less exciting than the outward trip”，means

A)“The return trip is less boring than the outward one．”

B)“The return trip is more enjoyable than the outward one．”

C)“The return trip is as thri lling as the outward one．”

D)“Both the outward and return trips are uninteresting．”

l 答案及解析

文章标题分析：A ride in a cable-car（缆车）

直接解题：

1. The cable-car in Singapore

A. Takes visitors to a mountain restaurant

B. Takes skiers to the top of a ski-run

C. Take visitors to Sentosa

D. Takes visitors to a high mountain

1. C. 分析：利用题干中的特征结构Singapore作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：In Singapore, however, the cable-car takes one from the summit of a hill on the main island to a low hill on Sentosa, a resort island just off the southern cost.该划线句的内容是说“缆车把人们从主要岛屿上的山顶带到位于Sentosa的一个小山上”，因此C是答案。

2. Which of the following about the cable-cars is true?

A. The cars move along the steel cable

B. The cars are operated by a driver

C. The cars are controlled by the passengers

D. The cars move on wheels

2．A．分析；被选项都是在描述有关“缆车运动或控制”的情况，因此注意文章中这方面的内容，这样发现答案相关句：The cable-car is really a carriage which hangs from a strong steel cable suspended in the air. It moves along the cable with other cars on pulleys, （与A一致）the wheels of which are turned by electric motors…They have no control over the movement of the car.(该划线句的内容与B和C矛盾，所以B和C都错误)

3. Passengers can get a breath-taking （adj.惊人的）view when riding in a cable-car because

A. tar is painted in eye-catching colors

B. the car is suspended so high in the sky.

C. Each car can seat up to six persons

D. About the sky and the sea look beautifully blue

3．B．分析：该题可以借助常识直接判断答案B正确。利用题干中核心结构breath-taking view作为答案线索，这样找到答案相关句：Before long, the passengers get a breath-taking view through the glass windows of the modern city, the bustling harbor, and the several islands off the coast. The car is suspended so high in the air that ships on the sea look like small boats and boats like toys. (划线中揭示了能看见“令人惊讶的景色”的原因—高高在空中)

4. The short trip dos not bother passengers who want a good view because

A. the cars move slowly

B. the cars move quickly

C. the cars are suspended very high

D. the cars have glass windows

4．A。分析：被选项中出现正反项（A和B），重点注意，结合常识猜测答案是A。结合被选项的内容在文章中发现答案相关句：In contrast to the fast-moving traffic on the ground, the cars in the air move in a leisurely manner,(“慢慢悠悠地朝前移动”) allowing passengers more than enough time to take in （注意到）the scenery during the brief trip to the island..

5. The last sentence of the passage, “the return journey is no less exciting than the outward trip”, means

A. the return trip is less boring than the outward one

B. the return trip is more enjoyable than the outward one

C. the return trip is as thrilling as the outward one

D. both the outward and return trips are uninteresting

5．C．分析：no less..than = as …as…因此判断C（回程就象出发时一样令人激动）正确。

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Taking Pictures of the World Meet Annie Griffiths Belt,a National Geographic photographer.Belt has worked for National Geographic since 1978,and has taken pictures on almost every continent in the world.In fact,Antarctica is the only continent Belt hasn't seen yet. Belt's photographs are well known for their beauty and high quality.They also reflect very different cultures and regions of the world.Belt has photographed the ancient city of Petra, Jordan,as well as the green landscapes of the Lake District in England.Recently,her pictures appeared in a book about undeveloped natural places in North America. Everywhere that Belt goes,she takes pictures of people. Belt has found ways to connect with people of all ages and nationalities even when she does not speak their language." The greatest privilege of my job is being allowed into people's lives,"she has said."The camera is like a passport,and I am often overwhelmed by how quickly people welcome me!"

中石化职称英语考试试卷(中级)

试卷一 I. Vocabulary Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. 1. It is possible to predict how much energy and water a building will consume, how much _______ will be needed. A. matter B. things C. material D. substance 2. They found that the positive thinkers sold 37 percent more insurance than did the_______ thinkers. A. negative B. positive C. active D. passive 3. In labs around the world, bad bugs are undergoing the ultimate rehabilitation, being _______ from life-threatening viruses and bacteria into lifesaving therapeutic agents. A. translated B. transported C. transformed D. transmitted 4. The fresh air is sometimes humid from the _______rainfall of this area. A. numerous B. abundant C. plenty D. substantive 5. We know that many animals _______ the deep seas at pressures of 15,000 pounds per square inch. A. live on B. live in C. live through D. live up to 6. Speakers and writers of the Germanic languages _______for a great deal of the world's output in everything from economics to literature to military to science and technology. A. account B. allow C. apply D. arrange 7. _______of the great state of Illinois, let me express my deepest gratitude for the privilege of addressing this convention. A. On account B. In honor C. In place D. On behalf 8. The companies that are finding ways to hang on to their older workers _______ from an intangible commodity: wisdom. A. obtain B. earn C. develop D. benefit 9. I raced to_______ Jill. A. keep on B. keep up with C. come up with D. come up to 10. Managers need to monitor inflation trends so they can make good _______. A. decisive B. decisions C. decide D. decided 11. Fluency can be _______ defined as "being able to communicate ideas without having to stop and think too much about what one is saying." A. simple B. simply C. similar D. simplify 12. The number of vehicles has been steadily increasing. _______, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide that exceed legally established limits. A. Continuously B. Consequently C. Constantly D. Consistently 13. A(An) _______ is better than the text and may make the point clear. A. interpretation B. representation C. illustration D. draw 14. Some of the world's best mountain _______ is available within the 500-kilometer long chain of the Southern Alps. A. scene B. scenery C. scarce D. scare 15. After a through research, the police __ most of the missing jewels. A. retreated B. refreshed C. recovered D. reminded 16. A gold-rated building is estimated to have reduced its environmental impact by 50% compared with a(an) __ conventional building. A. equivalent B. alike C. uniform D. likely 17. When pessimists __ in their first attempt, they usually say, "I can't do this." A. feel B. fail C. defeat D. lost 18. Six years __ before she got another note from Teddy. A. went into B. went around C. went by D. went on 19. The company owns a large number of _______ stores. A. export B. bargain C. retail D. trade 20. The cost of self-education has fallen with the multitude of sources of knowledge and information _______ on CD-ROMs and the Internet. A. preferable B. ready C. available D. considerable II. Grammatical Structure Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. 21. Put things back _______ you found them.

高三英语阅读理解(带详解)

I watched from a distance as the homeless man quarreled with those who did not leave money for him – the majority. I walked up to him and right on queue he asked me for a quarter. ―I’ll give you a quarter if you tell me your story.‖ He laughed, ―You’ll give me a quarter for my story?‖ I lay the quarter in front of him and corrected myself –―Nah, here’s the quarter but it would be nice to hear your story.‖ I followed his eyes to the quarter and for a brief moment I saw a glimmer of reflection. I sat down next to him and waited. ―I was in the army,‖ he said. ―I was a sniper(狙击手)and was supposed to shoot down the enemy from the distance.‖ I listened carefully to his grizzly voice as he went deeper into the story. He wore dirty old torn clothes and smelled like a dead rat left in a mouse trap. He told me how he used to hunt with his family and was really good at it. He had his own way of respecting animals by not wasting what he killed for food and not killing more than he needed. When the army came knocking on his door, he felt pride and joined up. All those years of polishing his hunting skills could now serve a larger purpose—to defend us from the bad guys. He set out to fight in Iraq. It wasn’t long before he realized his ideals and expectations were just a shadow of the truth. He became disillusioned with the killings, which he felt were of innocent people. ―I was a sniper but I never really killed anyone,‖ he said. ―One day I had to do it. They asked me to shoot this lady from the distance. I saw kids near that lady and my hands were on the trigger (扳机). Man, I was tearing up ... I couldn’t do it. She wasn’t doing anything to anyone and she was with the kids—I couldn’t see through my tears. It just didn’t make any sense to me.‖ The story goes on as he describes eventually being put into prison for 180 days for refusing to follow orders. He told me how he was black listed so that he couldn’t get a job. All the rights we take for granted were taken away from him. Why? Here was a man who was being punished—and for what? For refusing to kill the lady? For being a hero? ―I have no regrets,‖ the homeless man said. ―I may be homeless now, but I never killed that lady. I never killed anyone in the army. It didn’t feel right. I didn’t go there to do that. I went there to save people.‖ He continued, ―I can live with being homeless—that’s okay. But I wouldn’t be able to live with killing innocent people.‖ On that lonely Friday night, I met a hero. It just never occurred to me that a hero could be a smelly old man left on streets. 1. It can be learned from the passage that the homeless man_______. （） A. never killed animals B. had a strong respect for life C. deserved the punishment he received D. felt guilty about disobeying the order